EP3486379B1 - Monolithic wall structure for completing a system of plastic-reinforced soil and grid structure for same as functional location - Google Patents

Description

State-of-the-art construction projects for installing a plastic-reinforced earth system (CBE system) end with a natural stone facade or concrete block facing, for example. The erection of noise barriers, bridge abutments or the securing of embankments remain demanding tasks in civil engineering. Components used to date offer scope and adaptability to project-specific counter-evennesses, see Huesker: "#Plastic-Reinforced-Earth System Overview", 07/15B Huesker Synthetic GmbH. Steel mesh angles are used as integrated formwork when fabrics are used for erosion control. Greening of the KBE can be realized up to an angle of inclination of 70°. The state of the art also uses a geogrid as a reinforcement element for bridge abutments. Almost vertical cuboid walls are created. In the case of later greened front formations, lattice elements are initially recognizable in the shoring. A well-known KBE system for the formation of a natural stone facade consists, for example, of a reinforced earth body with a curtain facade made of corrosion-protected steel grids and a stone filling. Such a façade could take place later, after the KBE has settled. Steel grids are attached to the KBE as front grids with tie rods and backfilled with stones. The front grilles are connected to each other with ring clamps. The front grilles overlap.

In addition to these wall construction systems, gabions are known as a means of setting attractive fronts as cladding. The stone baskets are often delivered with pre-compacted stone fillings and placed basket after basket. DE 10 2017 100 392 A1 shows how gabions are used to build a heavy-duty wall, becoming narrower towards the top and how fall protection works. Gabions are also used as a protective wall on a traffic route to reduce noise, see for example DE 10 2010 004 266 A1 . Gabions are usually closed with a gabion mesh cover before another gabion level is placed on top. At least the upper gabion has a gabion grid floor, so that at least one roughly horizontal grid always intercepts the fillings level by level.

As a further state of the art DE 39 36 957 A1 , the DE 39 17 756 A1 and the DE 10 2010 054 364 A1 called.

To protect civil engineering structures, a retaining wall closure is to be developed that holds compacted filling material and offers an attractive appearance, if possible with simultaneous suitability as a noise protection system. The structure should be safe and sustainable.

The problem is solved with a wall structure according to claim 1 or the use of a lattice construction in monolithic shoring as a functional front according to claim 4.

Advantageous embodiments are specified in the respective subclaims.

The construction according to the invention, described in the following description pages as an exemplary embodiment, with gabion elements without intermediate floors allows multiple compaction distributed over the height at any frequency, preferably by means of an excavator arm, which has a vibrating plate at the free end. In this way, compaction of the filling material between at least roughly vertical gabion lattice elements succeed step by step even at higher levels constructed gabion mesh wall according to the requirements of the FGSV leaflet no. 555 m GAB section 6.2.5.

Subsequent settlement of the filling material, even if it is only filled into a supporting back chamber, is avoided because there are no longer at least roughly horizontal intermediate floors that block mechanical compaction during wall construction. Subsequent natural compaction occurs, if at all, to a much lesser extent. If natural subsidence does occur, for example due to filling errors, it will be able to sag downwards without being blocked by intermediate floors. Deformations caused by the transfer of forces from intermediate floors subjected to settlement forces are avoided because, contrary to known gabion structures, there are no horizontal grid floors or covers.

A vertical intermediate grid is preferably connected vertically between one or two front walls and a rear wall for every 50 cm wall width. In the case of an advantageously presented additional front shell, a 20 cm deep front shell for a sound-absorbing material is preferably hung in the lateral vertical partition grilles by means of a vertical partition grille construction offset about 20 cm to the rear.

• Figur 1 - zeigt in einer Seitenansicht ein Beispiel eines Wandaufbaues aus Gabionengittern.
• Figur 2 - zeigt in einer Detailansicht als Seitenansicht eine Ebene eines erfindungsgemäßen Wandaufbaues aus Gabionengittern mit einer erkennbaren Darstellung der Gitteranordnung und der Verfüllmaterialien.
• Figur 3 - zeigt in alphabetischer Reihenfolge eine Frontalansicht 3a, eine Draufsicht 3b und eine Seitenansicht 3c eines Seitengitters für einen erfindungsgemäßen Wandaufbau aus Gabionengittern.
  und
• Figur 4 - zeigt in alphabetischer Reihenfolge eine Frontalansicht 4a, eine Draufsicht 4b und eine Seitenansicht 4c eines vertikalen Trenngitters für einen erfindungsgemäßen Wandaufbau aus Gabionengittern.

The construction of such partition grilles for vertical installation is significantly less problematic in installation compared to anchor rods for supporting overlapping front grilles. In addition, they serve to save material compared to conventional gabion grids as a support structure for natural fabric. The invention is explained in detail below with reference to the following drawings.

• figure 1 - shows an example of a wall construction made of gabion grids in a side view.
• figure 2 - shows a detailed side view of a plane of a wall structure according to the invention made of gabion grids with a recognizable representation of the grid arrangement and the filling materials.
• figure 3 Figure 3 shows, in alphabetical order, a front view 3a, a top view 3b and a side view 3c of a side grid for a gabion grid wall structure according to the invention.
  and
• figure 4 - shows, in alphabetical order, a front view 4a, a plan view 4b and a side view 4c of a vertical partition grid for a gabion grid wall structure according to the invention.

figure 1 shows a wall structure 1 in a sectional view in a function as a retaining wall for an embankment. Visible is a wall structure 1, which is formed from six horizontal levels of the same size and a seventh smaller level. The wall structure 1 is formed from gabion lattices and side lattices 4 . Two side rails 4 and at least one gabion grid each on the front 11 and the back 12 form a frame, similar to a wire cage without a floor or ceiling, with exclusively vertical or at least approximately vertical walls. Such frames are placed side by side and one above the other to form a gabion wall structure. However, because the wall structure does not have horizontal gabion grids, as is usual with gabions, except possibly in the lowermost layer on a foundation (2), this application uses the term wall structure in the main claim.

Within each frame is in the advantageous embodiment figure 1 and 2 a vertical dividing grille 6 is connected to the side grilles 4 parallel or at least approximately parallel to the front side 11 . The interior of a frame is thus divided into a front shell 7 and a back chamber 10 . In the illustrated embodiment, the front shell 7 has less space than the back chamber 10. In principle, the space within a frame can be divided freely or at least almost freely between the front shell 7 and the back chamber 10, since the vertical dividing grille 6 can be placed in almost any position on the side rails 4 can be attached even if the frame is already set. For this purpose, the separating grid 6 has hooks 19 which are open only at the horizontal connection ends and with which hooks 19 vertical wire rods 17 of the side grids 4 are gripped.

On the foundation 2, one or more such frames formed from side rails 4, front sides 11 and rear sides 12 are arranged side by side and form a first level of the wall structure 1. The number of frames arranged side by side depends on the desired length of the wall structure 1. It is but also the inventive idea of not having to think in terms of frames as gabions, but instead distributing side rails along the course of the wall. In such an embodiment, there are also no double side rails that are otherwise accepted. The desired height of a wall structure 1 is achieved by the vertical or at least approximately vertical arrangement of several layers or levels of frames one above the other.

In the view shown, six levels of the same size and a seventh, smaller level are arranged one above the other. In the selected section view of figure 1 is, however, only one side face of a frame per level visible. The side rails 4, which are arranged on the inside in this view and differ in figures 1 and 2 recognizable side rails 4 have a conventional gabion grid design corresponding to the front side 11 for optical reasons. Only these final side rails 4 and otherwise only the front and rear gabion grids are connected to one another with level connections 5 according to the usual gabion construction.

The wall structure 1 is not divided over its entire height over all levels by flat horizontal intermediate floors into individual floors or levels, but can be filled vertically continuously with filling material in a vertical direction at least in the back chambers 10 and this can be continuously compacted.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, a blinding layer 14 is wedge-shaped above the foundation 2 , resulting in an inclination of the wall structure 1 . In the exemplary embodiment shown, the inclination serves to increase the supporting effect of a backfill 3 or counteracts a drop in the terrain to be supported. The inclination is based on the in figure 1 Perpendicular 13 drawn as a dash-dot line can be seen. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the backfill 3 is reinforced with a geosynthetic material 16, which figure 1 is indicated as a thick dashed line.

figure 2 shows a sectional view in a detailed view of a fragment of a wall structure 1 according to the invention. Visible are side rails 4, which form the wall structure.

The side rails 4 form connections between the front sides 11 and the rear sides 12. The wall structure 1 is not divided by continuous horizontal shelves. Also in the area of the level connection 5 there are no planar horizontal delimitations of the levels.

Visible are vertical separating grids 6 which, in a dual function, give the wall structure 1 additional rigidity and divide the interior of the wall structure 1 vertically into the front shell 7 and the rear chamber 10 .

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the front shell 7 has a smaller volume than the rear chamber 10. Provision is made for the front shell 7 to be filled with a first filling material 8 and the rear chamber 10 with a second filling material 9. The first filling material 8 is in particular materials that meet special optical or functional requirements. A special functionality can consist, for example, in very good noise insulation properties.

In particular, materials that can be used economically, that can be easily filled and compacted, and that support the strength of the gabion wall structure 1 come into consideration as the second filling material 9 .

In a second exemplary embodiment, not shown here, it is possible to fill the front shell 7 and the back chamber 10 with the same type of material. In the illustrated embodiment, the back chambers 10 of the wall structure 1 are equipped with separating elements 15 in the area of the vertical separating grid 6 and the back 12, which are preferably made of non-woven material. The separating elements 15 prevent the passage of foreign substances or in particular also of filling material 8, 9 or backfilling 3 through the back 12 or the vertical separating grid 6. The separating elements 15 are shown in the drawing in figure 2 indicated as short dashed lines. The backfill 3 is reinforced with geosynthetic 16, which is shown as a long dashed line in figure 2 is indicated.

figure 3 shows a side rail 4, in Figure 3a in a frontal view, in Figure 3b in a plan view and in Figure 3c in a side view. In Figure 3a It can be seen that the side rail 4 is formed from vertical wire rods 17 and horizontal wire rods 18 . The diameter 21 of the vertical and horizontal wire rods 17, 18 is defined and is 4.5 mm in the exemplary embodiment shown. In the illustrated embodiment, the horizontal wire rods 18 are provided with eyelets 30 on both sides in order to achieve a simple yet durable connection of side rails 4 with front sides 11 and rear sides 12 . In the exemplary embodiment shown, the eyelets 30 are bent from the ends of the horizontal wire rods 18 on both sides, resulting in a raw length 27 of 1150 mm for the horizontal wire rods 18 in the exemplary embodiment shown. The horizontal wire rods 18 are each fixed at a height distance 24 from one another on the vertical wire rods 17 of a side rail 4 . In the exemplary embodiment shown, the horizontal wire rods 18 are fastened to the vertical wire rods 17 by spot welding with a vertical spacing 24, which is 197 mm in the exemplary embodiment shown. The height of the grid 25 corresponds to five times the distance between the horizontal wire rods 18 and is 985 mm in the exemplary embodiment shown.

In Figure 3b the distances between the vertical wire rods 17 of a side rail 4 are shown in a recognizable manner. The respective outer vertical wire rods 17 of a side rail 4 are spaced apart from the nearest vertical wire rod 17 by a first width distance 22, which is 200 mm in the exemplary embodiment shown. A second width distance 23, which is 300 mm in the embodiment shown, defines the distance between the inner vertical wire rods 17 to one another. From a distance the centers of the left eyelets 30 to the right eyelets 30 of the horizontal wire rods 18 of a side rail 4 results in an inner width 20 which is 1000 mm in the illustrated embodiment.

In Figure 3c , A side view of a side rail 4 shows the orientation of the eyelets 30 in a recognizable manner. The length of the vertical wire rods 17 is specified with a rod height 26, which is 990 mm in the exemplary embodiment shown.

figure 4 shows a vertical divider 6, in Figure 4a in a frontal view, in Figure 4b in a plan view and in Figure 4c in a side view. In Figure 4a It can be seen that the vertical separating grid 6 is formed from vertical wire rods 17' and horizontal wire rods 18'. The diameter 21' of the vertical and horizontal wire rods 17', 18' is defined and is 4.5 mm in the exemplary embodiment shown. In the illustrated embodiment, the horizontal wire rods 18 ', as in Figure 4b shown, provided with hooks 19 on both sides, which make it possible to subsequently install the vertical separating grilles 6 in frames which are formed from front sides 11, rear sides 12 and side rails 4 and to create a simple yet durable connection between the separating grilles 6 and the side rails 4 reach. The horizontal wire rods 18 'are each at a height distance 24' spaced apart on the vertical wire rods 17 'of a vertical separating grid 6 fixed. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the horizontal wire rods 18' are fastened to the vertical wire rods 17' by spot welding with a height spacing 24', which is 197 mm in the exemplary embodiment shown. The height of the grid 25' corresponds to five times the distance between the horizontal wire rods 18' and is 985 mm in the exemplary embodiment shown.

Figure 4b shows the hooks 19 of the horizontal wire rods 18' in a plan view. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the hooks 19 are bent from the ends of the horizontal wire rods 18' on both sides, resulting in a raw length 27' of 1100 mm in the exemplary embodiment shown for the horizontal wire rods 18'. The hooks 19 have a defined hook opening, which results from a radius of the hook 28, which is 6 mm in the exemplary embodiment shown. A length of hook 29 is 29.5 mm in the exemplary embodiment shown. Subtracting the wire thickness of 4.5 mm, this results in the hooks 19 reaching behind by 25 mm, as a result of which a secure connection of the vertical partition grilles 6 to side grilles 4, for example, is achieved. From the distance between the receiving points of the left-hand hook 19 and the right-hand hook 19 of the horizontal wire rods 18' of a vertical separating grid 6, an inner width 20' results, which is 1010 mm in the exemplary embodiment shown. A first width distance 22' quantifies the distance from the contact point in a hook 19 to the nearest vertical wire rod 17' of a vertical separating grid 6, which is 205 mm in the exemplary embodiment shown. A second width distance 23 'designates the distance between the vertical wire rods 17' to each other, which is 300 mm in the illustrated embodiment.

In Figure 4c , A side view of a vertical partition grille 6 shows the orientation of the hooks 19 in a recognizable manner. The length of the vertical rods 17' is indicated by a rod height 26', which is 991 mm in the exemplary embodiment shown.

reference list

1

wall construction

2

foundation

3

backfill

4

side rails

5

layer connection

6

Vertical divider grid

7

front shell

8th

First fill material

9

Second fill material

10

back chamber

11

front

12

back

13

vertical

14

cleanliness layer

15

separator

16

geosynthetic

17

Vertical Wire Bars

18

Horizontal wire rods

19

hook

20

inside width

21

diameter

22

First Latitude Distance

23

Second Latitude Distance

24

height clearance

25

Height grid

26

bar height

27

raw length

28

radius hook

29

length hook

30

eyelet

Claims (5)

1. A wall structure (1) of gabion grids, with an at least roughly parallel front (11) and a rear (12) facing a slope, made of gabion grid elements with a level connection (5) formed at least roughly along an at least roughly horizontal line at least between the front gabion grid elements among each other and the rear gabion grid elements each but without any horizontal bottom grids,
   characterised in that
   inside the wall structure (1), at least roughly vertically aligned side grids (4) are inserted between the gabion grid elements of the front (11) and the rear (12), wherein the side grids (4) are distributed along the wall course, and in that vertical separating grids (6) are attached to the distributed side grids (4), wherein the separating grids (6) have separating elements (15).
2. The wall structure (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that one horizontal wire rod per gabion grid pair arranged on top of each other serves as the only level connection (5), and that there is, in any case, no horizontal level or horizontal grid installed.
3. The wall structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a side grid (4) is installed as the only means horizontally connecting the front (11) to the rear (12) about every 50 cm along the lateral expansion of the wall structure.
4. Use of a grid structure in monolithic installation as functional front, characterised in that gabion grids are connected to each other as usual in gabion construction on a front (11) and a rear (12) that faces a slope,

   a side grid (4) connects the front and rear gabion grids in several locations distributed across their height about every 50 cm along the front (11), wherein the number of at least approximately horizontal wire rods (18) required for this is lower than the number of horizontal wire rods of the connected gabion grids,

   a wall structure of gabion grids according to claim 1 is used, wherein a grid structure and filling of the grid structure with, e.g., stones, is used for constant compaction without any grids impairing the compaction process in the vertical direction because the grid structure does not, as is otherwise common in gabion construction, have at least bottom grids, but is free from any horizontal grids.
5. Use according to claim 4, characterised in that vertical separating grids (6) are hooked in between the side grids (4) in parallel with the front (11) about 20 cm from the front gabion grid, in particular with open hooks (19), in order to hold or support separating elements (15).

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