EP0680538B1 - Construction element, in particular supporting or sound insulating construction element capable of being planted, and set of construction elements - Google Patents

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP94/02907 Sec. 371 Date Oct. 6, 1995 Sec. 102(e) Date Oct. 6, 1995 PCT Filed Sep. 1, 1994 PCT Pub. No. WO95/06783 PCT Pub. Date Mar. 9, 1995A construction element, such as a supporting element for a retaining wall, has a casing which is at least partially permeable. The casing contains a block-shaped, granulated, bulk or porous filling material. The casing has two layers including a relatively rigid grating part (GT) for strength and a relatively flexible, finer meshed netting part (NT) for containment of filling material. The casing is designed as a closed hollow body which is coupled to the filling (FL) so as to form a substantially self-supporting construction element which is completely prefabricated.

Description

The invention relates to an element for buildings, in particular for Support or soundproofing structures that can be landscaped, comprising at least one partially permeable jacket part with a filling that is block and / or has pourable and / or porous material. The invention relates also an associated set of components and one with corresponding Building elements or component sets.

Components of the type mentioned are known from the WO-A-9 012 160. Sheath parts are formed from lattice panels there on the abutting edges thanks to soft spring elements connected with large mutual distances along the edges are. As a result of little or even no rigid transmission of shear stress Such jacket bodies have none at the jacket edges self-supporting properties and require during assembly or at Installation of the elements on site and when filling one relatively complex treatment and support. When installed, i.e. under high vertical loads due to earth masses arranged above or buildings, the elements are under high pressure and are due to the more or less flexible or even compressible Filling deformed accordingly in the vertical direction. The grids of the Sheath parts can thus the known in the edge area occurring loads across the edge connections give way of what can bring the coat to the limit of its strength.

In contrast, the object of the invention is to create a Component and corresponding component sets and structures that Little effort in terms of manufacture or assembly and installation are and at the same time enable a high load-bearing capacity. The inventive The solution to this problem is determined by the characteristics of claim 1.

Fig.1

eine perspektivische Teilansicht einer ersten Ausführung eines Bauelementes,

Fig.2

einen Querschnitt des Bauelementes nach Fig.1 in grösserem Massstab,

Fig.3

einen Ausschnitt eines Mantelteils mit Gitter- und Netzteil,

Fig.4 bis Fig.8

je eine weitere Ausführung eines Bauelementes im Querschnitt,

Fig.9

den Querschnitt eines Bauelementes im Zusammenhang mit einem Ausschnitt der Frontpartie einer Stützmauer,

Fig.10 und Fig.11

je einen Ausschnitt der Frontpartie einer Stützmauer,

Fig.12 bis Fig.15

im Querschnitt je ein in Herstellung befindliches Bauelement innerhalb einer Stützform,

Fig.16

einen Ausschnitt eines aus Bauteilen der in Fig.15 dargestellten Art erstellten Stütz- oder Verkleidungsbauwerkes,

Fig.17

eine Detail-Variante einer verkürzbaren Wandkonstruktion,

Fig.18

eine aus gegenüber der Ausführung nach Fig.15 abgewandelten Bauelementen erstelle Hangstützmauer in einem Vertikal-Querschnitt,

Fig.19 und Fig.20

jeweils die in Fig.18 mit F19 und F20 gekennzeichneten Bereiche in grösserem Massstab und

Fig.21

ein Klammerelement für die verschiebbare Verbindung von Gitterstäben.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown schematically in the drawings. Herein shows:

Fig.1

2 shows a perspective partial view of a first embodiment of a component,

Fig.2

2 shows a cross section of the component according to FIG. 1 on a larger scale,

Figure 3

a section of a jacket part with grid and power supply,

Fig. 4 to Fig. 8

a further version of a component in cross section,

Figure 9

the cross section of a component in connection with a section of the front part of a retaining wall,

Fig.10 and Fig.11

a section of the front of a retaining wall,

Fig.12 to Fig.15

in cross section one component in production within a support form,

Figure 16

a section of a supporting or cladding structure created from components of the type shown in FIG. 15,

Figure 17

a detailed variant of a shortenable wall construction,

Figure 18

a vertical retaining cross section made from components modified from the embodiment according to FIG. 15,

Fig. 19 and Fig. 20

the areas marked with F19 and F20 in Fig. 18 on a larger scale and

Figure 21

a clamp element for the slidable connection of bars.

1 shows a bar-shaped component with a jacket part MT, that from an essentially dimensionally stable lattice part GT, preferably made of galvanized steel wire, and one with respect to this grid part there is a finer-meshed and more deformable NT power supply, here e.g. made of geotextile or geovlies.

The jacket part consists of a lower U-profile and an upper one Bridging element UE, which with the longitudinal edges of the U-profile - like indicated in Fig. 2 - e.g. is connected by seams VN. The jacket part thus represents a closed hollow body that is in force, form and / or cohesive composite with a filling FL a prefabricated and essentially forms a self-supporting component.

The jacket part is at least due to this structure and the choice of material partially permeable and therefore rootable for one Greening. At the same time, the close-meshed power supply ensures a safe one Holder of a filling arranged in the jacket part, the block and / or granular and / or pourable and / or porous Has material. The two layer elements of the jacket part are at least partially overlapping with each other shear and / or tensile connected, e.g. as shown in Fig.3 by gluing or by means of wrapping elements on the Liaison points VS. 3 are only schematic the mesh openings MO2 of the power supply unit are not to scale compared to the larger mesh openings MO1 des Grid part indicated. If necessary, several such Layer elements can be connected to one another.

As indicated in Fig.4, the filling contains a a prefabrication of the component, preferably arranged in a near-surface area, humus and / or fertilizer-rich and / or with seeds and / or seedlings for planting material SPF. That’s it Sheath part for receiving or holding the humus or Material containing fertilizer or seeds or seedlings porous at least in the area of an exposed surface and / or designed to be adhesive or adhesive. The material SPF can advantageously at least within the shell part in shape of a flat, in particular plate or foil-shaped, preferably textile material or non-woven fabric Element be arranged. Furthermore, inside the filling a section VA at least partially dimensionally stable solidifying or hardening or already dimensionally stable hardened material is provided, which is a floor reinforcement element represents and preferably from compared to the rest of the filling mass coarser, in particular block-like material.

The solidification of the filling section VA can be done in one corresponding intermediate stage of production by adding Cement, concrete, lime and / or bitumen can be achieved. It forms a support or integrated in the component Stiffener. With special advantages in terms of the bending strength and stiffness of the component is an elongated stiffening element in the example provided that is preferably at least approximately a longitudinal extension of the component extends. Analogous there is also an arrangement of such a stiffening or Reinforcing element also along the floor, ceiling and / or Front area of the construction element into consideration.

The jacket part formed as a closed hollow body in Composite with a filling made of suitable material even before one has solidified with a binder provided filling section, i.e. already in Installation condition, for an essentially self-supporting Condition of the component. This results in a unproblematic handling and a comparatively small Workload when performing the structure. Which solidifying filling section then unfolds its full Effect some time after installing the component in the Wall and ensures even after any gaps in the metallic Lattice part due to damage or corrosion longer service life for a secure cohesion of the Building with sufficient stability and load-bearing capacity.

The component shown in Figure 4 is characterized by a jacket part with only one longitudinal seam VN, i.e. without separate bridging element as closed hollow body formed lattice part GT. This favors an essentially self-supporting condition of the component, already in the manufacturing state.

A special feature of the components according to FIGS. 5, 6, 8 and 9 is a down in the rear floor area projecting form element FU, which - like u.a. in Fig. 9 illustrates - the rear upper edge of each engages underlying component and thus one form-fitting support and position securing of the one above the other arranged components against horizontal forces, especially e.g. against the earth pressure of the one behind Retaining wall material.

As indicated in Figure 5, is located in the interior of the molded element FU a filling section VA, which consists of coarser, in particular block-like material, preferably however, from solidifying or already in the installed state solidified material. This results in horizontal support particularly high strength. The filling section VA extends beyond the floor area according to Figure 5 to the lower front edge of the component, so that overall, an integrated stiffening element with angle profile-like cross-section results in high strength.

In this context, FIG. 6 shows a variant in which one to the filling section VA according to an analogous arrangement prefabricated angle profile stiffening element VE in that Component and its filling is integrated. Fig. 7 shows in addition - here, for example, without the FU molded element Formation of a prefabricated integrated stiffening element VE1 in the form of a side member with an acute angle Profile whose upper leg extends along the front of the Component extends and a particularly stable fuse of the filling material in the event of failure of the front section of the Part of the jacket causes. How dash-dotted as an alternative indicated, a similarly effective stiffening can also can be achieved by means of two separate flat elements. Also in this version is the dot-dash line Possibility indicated by shortening the cross-sectional height the upper section of the stiffening element still has space for a green root element W in the upper area of the To create the front of the component.

The component according to Fig. 8 is for buildings without continuous Front greening, but with high strength requirements certainly. For this, the front part of the component is through one inside the grid part GT, but outside the Power supply NT arranged filling section FE formed, the of an inner support section T and an outer section A consists. The filling section FE is used in prefabrication is introduced into the lattice part using a mold, whereupon e.g. support section T made of concrete preferably cures before installation. The outside section A can e.g. consist of decorative material, such as layered block material, and / or from sound absorbing Material such as expanded clay, expanded concrete and / or Pumice concrete.

The component according to Figure 9 is also for buildings without continuous front greening, but with high strength requirements certainly. Here is in the front area of the component with the shell part MT form and / or cohesive, in particular additionally by means of anchors AK, connected outer element AE provided. The front section of the grid part GT is in an inner portion AI of the Outside element AA embedded and made of one material comparatively high strength, especially solid concrete. The outer section AA of the outer element AE, however, exists preferably made of light material and / or decorative material and / or those with high sound absorption.

Examples of structures according to the invention are shown in FIGS 11 shown in cross-section walls for slope support. It understands, however, that corresponding constructions too for other structures, e.g. for freestanding Soundproofing and partition walls. You can use components with suitably designed, especially matching Front and back in the form of a simple wall can be arranged one above the other. The depth dimension of the Components are expediently from bottom to top diminishing. Other constructions consist of two with their backs facing each other or with each other connected, e.g. toothed components. Further come with their backs facing individual walls between which there is an earth filling.

The retaining wall according to Fig. 10 is continuous from the front plantable mass structure with rear, embankment to be supported. It consists of one above the other arranged, cubic or cuboid components B1, the an at least partially permeable jacket part and a Filling from block and / or granular and / or have pourable and / or porous material. A part of the superimposed components is inserted by Tie rod elements ZG, preferably in the form of grid tracks, connected to the embankment. The construction of the components corresponds to the version according to Fig. 4, i.e. with growable Front and heavily dimensioned humus insert HE.

The retaining wall according to Fig. 11, however, represents an example without Greening, for example with components according to Fig. 8. In the area the back of at least part of the superimposed Each component is a projecting downward Form element FU available, which is the rear Top edge of the component underneath engages behind and in the manner already explained for Fig.9 causes horizontal support. They also provide Form pairs a highly effective front attachment for the inserted tie rod elements ZG.

As can be seen from the above explanations, a Component set for the construction of structures, in particular cuboid beam-shaped components with a preferably at least partially permeable jacket part and with a Filling, the block and / or granular and / or pourable and / or porous or solidified material include. Furthermore, there is at least one anchoring element therein Made of flexible material that can be arranged between superimposed components is provided. It is at least one of the Components to the corresponding surface section the complementary component above or below, in particular step or groove or wedge-shaped deflection and Bracket (UH) for between the components arranged anchoring element provided.

An example of a manufacturing method according to the invention for components of the type of Fig.4 and one at the same time Manufacturing method according to the invention for corresponding Buildings will now be explained with reference to Fig.12.

First, a channel-like or U-shaped profile Grid part GT with upward curved or not yet pivoted-in cover section DA inserted into a support form STF. The result of this step is in area I. indicated by Fig.12. Then, as in area II shown, a power supply NT grid part inserted and in that way formed hollow profile shell part MT in the area below Front humus and / or fertilizer rich and / or with seeds and / or seedlings for planting SPF material introduced. Then according to area II the Presentation - if necessary in sections with hardening agent provided - filling material introduced and preferably compacted in layers. In the open, overhead Side of the hollow profile jacket part is now according to Arrow P inserted a cover section DA of the grid part. Then the hollow profile through a connecting seam VN closed. Then the is now prefabricated Component lifted out of the support form by crane and through Swiveling around a horizontal axis by 90 ° into its installation position transferred, i.e. with overhead roof side DS. As essential It should be emphasized that these works are prefabrication, i.e. to operations that are free accessible object outside the installation site become and therefore a quick and less expensive Enable workflow. On the other hand, it is essential that this prefabrication with very simple tools, especially a simple support form, in the immediate vicinity of the installation location and together with the crane Construction progress can be tracked, for example in the manner of a "flying" manufacturing site. This is how it works also the inventive method for the production of Buildings.

Fig. 13 shows an arrangement for the production of components in the manner of Fig. 8 with a corresponding adapted support form STF. The same applies to the Arrangement according to Fig. 14 with regard to components according to Art of Fig. 9, but with the following modification of the component construction: An outer element AE1 is provided which completely outside the jacket part MT at its (here arranged below) and with the filling FL is connected by anchor rods AS. The latter are with sharpened head sections K to the inserted Power supply can penetrate and reach into one solidified filling section VA, which is in the manner of a Double angle profile over the cross section of the hollow profile body extends. The inclination shown makes it easier here the introduction of this filling section in the pasty condition.

For the aforementioned inclusion of solidifying Material in the filling of components according to the invention the material is selected or the Hardening or the introduction of the solidifying Components expediently in such a way that a hardening or start of curing with a delay of at least about 10 days after activation or contribution results. This avoids damage to the solidifying Mass during transport, but guaranteed during the course the long service life of the building is high and up to Ultimate strength undisturbed increasing load capacity. Even decay due to corrosion of the Shell parts then do not cause a loss of load-bearing capacity.

The component shown in FIG. 15 in a support form STF 10 differs from the previous examples i.a. With the following features:

First of all, at least one jacket part 100 is provided, which as at least partially rigid against bending moments, in particular more resistant to kinking in a jacket plane Hollow body is formed. Then the jacket part comprises at least an at least substantially flat wall 110, in particular at least one vertical or against the installation position Horizontal inclined front or back wall, which in Direction of the wall level, especially with regard to the installation position vertical or kink-free in the direction inclined to the horizontal is designed to be shortenable. This shortenability is shown in the example achieved in that the wall 110 at least two to each other arranged in parallel and parallel to each other to the wall plane has displaceably connected wall parts 120, 130. For the Manufacturing process, the wall 110 is placed on the mold cavity corresponding dimension pulled apart or pushed together and inserted into the mold cavity. After inserting the power supply and the introduction and compression of the various filling compound components will be the top section of the power supply - like already described above - folded and the overhead wall 11 of the jacket part. This is done by pushing of the pointed, left-hand end section 11a of the corresponding one Bars of wall 11 under the top left bar 101a of the one below Part of the jacket, at the same time the U-shaped, right end portions 11b under the adjacent lattice bar 101b of the jacket part located below. Subsequently the component is lifted and swiveled using lifting devices 20 and according to arrows P1 and P2 into the installation position.

16 shows a section of a slope support or slope cladding wall, which are assembled from superimposed components according to Fig. 15 is. As can be seen, the tapered lattice end section penetrates 11a when the upper component is put on by the power supply unit in the filling of the upper element, which among other things also an advantageous one simple transverse locking of the components against each other is achieved. With increasing load and with the number of attached components appropriate compression and height reduction of the lower component can the front wall 110 by pushing the shorten the two jacket parts 120 and 130, for example, by the dimension P3, while the height of the back wall with further penetration of the end sections 11a decreases in the filling compound by the same amount P3. An alternative construction is shown in FIG. 17, according to arrow P4 also enables a shortening of the height of a partial jacket wall 110, with the advantage of eliminating cumbersome attachments Binding loops. This is readily apparent from the illustration Way by means of a U-shaped bend of the end sections 115 of the lattice bars 120 that reach the adjacent cross bar 125 embrace.

It is essential in this example version that it can be shortened formed wall 110 at least two designed as bar grids, comprises wall parts 120, 130 arranged parallel to one another, wherein at least part of the bars 121, 131 of both wall parts 120, 130 in pairs adjacent to each other and arranged in parallel as well displaceable with respect to the longitudinal direction of the rod, but at least in are essentially connected to each other in a fixed manner. Fig. 18 shows an off compared to the embodiment of Fig. 15 modified in terms of depth and front inclination Components 200 created slope retaining wall. This execution shows that with the gabion-like components after the Invention by a compared to the component height essential Greater depth dimension of slope retaining walls of great overall height and support load capacity can be created. The after outside inclination of the component front walls results in addition to the greening areas 220 given herein further, comparatively weakly inclined and therefore easy to grow Green areas 210.

The areas marked with F19 and F20 in Fig. 18 are shown in Figures 19 and 20 on a larger scale. Fig. 19 shows the easily understandable use of U-shaped Lattice rod end sections similar to Fig.17 for one Edge connection between arranged at an angle to each other Coat grids. Fig. 20 shows a slidable, however distance-securing connection between the vertical bars 121 and 131 of the grid walls 120 and 130 of a jacket section 110 by means of a clip-like spring locking element 150, the in Fig. 21 in a section according to level XXI-XXI in Fig. 20 is shown. Within the limits set by the Vertical distances between the horizontal bars 122 and 132 of the grid walls 120 or 130 is a vertical displacement of the two grid walls possible, which e.g. one Shortening of the height of the jacket section 110 according to arrow P5 equivalent. As can be seen from Fig. 21, the spring locking element 150 in the direction of arrows P6 by a suitable one Pressure across the horizontal bars 122 on both sides, Slide 132 lying vertical bars 121, 131, the Spring legs 155 jump behind the bars 121, 131 and one result in self-retaining, form-locking spacing.

Claims (16)

1. Structural element for constructions, in particular for supporting or sound insulation constructions, comprising a casing part being permeable at least in part and having a filling containing block material and/or pourable material and/or porous material, showing the following features:

   a) said casing part (MT) comprises a grid part (GT) formed as a cuboid- or beam-shaped hollow body being closed by at least one connection between mutually abutting marginal regions,

   b) said casing part further comprises a net part (NT) connected with said grid part and being more fine-meshed and more yielding against deformation in relation to said grid part at least by sections,

   c) within two grid walls (120, 130) abutting along an edge of said grid part there is provided at least one pair of grid rods (121, 131), which extend transverse to said edge and which in the range of said edge, are arranged displaceable relatively to each other in the longitudinal direction of one rod, however, being secured positively or frictionally against transverse displacement relatively to each other in the longitudinal direction of said edge, such that said grid part forms a hollow body being dimensionally stable against bending moments and resistant to buckling,

   d) said casing part stands in an frictional, positive or material-locking connection with said filling (FL) and forms with said filling a substantially self-supporting structural element.
2. Structural element according to claim 1, characterized in that there is provided a casing part (MT) showing at least one wall (110) being at least substantially plane, in particular at least one side wall arranged vertically or inclined to the horizontal, and in that the said wall (110) is formed capable of being shortened in a direction of the wall plane without buckling , in particular in a direction being vertical or inclined to the horizontal.
3. Structural element according to claim 2, characterized in that the said wall (110) formed capable of being shortened shows at least two wall parts (120, 130) arranged in parallel to each other and so as to be capable of displacement relatively to each other in parallel to the wall plane.
4. Structural element according to claim 3, characterized in that the said wall (110) formed capable of being be shortened shows at least two wall parts (120, 130) formed as rod-grids and arranged in parallel to each other, and in that there is provided a plurality of grid rods of both said wall parts (120, 130) which are arranged adjacent by pairs and in parallel as well as capable of displacement relatively to the longitudinal rod direction, however, connected to each other at least substantially under a constant distance.
5. Structural element according to claim 4, characterized in that the said grid rods (121, 131) capable of displacement in parallel to each other are connected together by means of clamp elements (150), preferably in form of locking spring clamps.
6. Structural element according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the region of at least one external surface section, preferably on the front side, of the structural element there is provided at least one external element (AE) connected positively and/or materially with the casing part (MT).
7. Structural element according to claim 6, characterized in that said external element (AE) shows an internal section (AI) of a material of high stability and an external section (AA) composed of decorative and/or lightweight material, in particular of material having high sound absorption, preferably of pumice concrete.
8. Structural element according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the filling comprises at least two regions of different grain or block size, and in that a region being comparatively coarse-grained an preferably capable of compaction is located in the range of an outer side of the structural element.
9. Structural element according to anyone of the preceding claims, being of a longitudinally extending, preferably of a cuboid-like shape, characterized by at least one bearing or stiffening element, which extends along at least one surface region, in particular along the bottom, ceiling or front region of the structural element, as well as extending at least approximately over a longitudinal dimension of the structural element.
10. Structural element according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that there is provided at least one plate-shaped bearing or stiffening element (A1, A2), and/or at least one bearing or stiffening element formed as a profile beam.
11. Structural element according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the rear bottom region there is provided at least one form element (FU) shaped so as to project downwards and provided with filling material already hardened or being in a process of hardening.
12. Structural element according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filling comprises material (SPF) being rich in humus and/or manure and/or being provided with seed and/or seedlings for plant growth, said material having been introduced in the course of a prefabrication and which preferably is located in a region near to the surface of the structural element.
13. Structural element according to claim 12, characterized in that the casing part is formed so as to be porous and/or capable of gluing or cleaving for accepting or holding material containing humus or manure or seed or seedlings at least in the region of a freely exposed surface.
14. Set of structural elements, comprising structural elements according to anyone of the preceding claims as well as anchoring elements of flexible material provided for being arranged between mutually superimposed structural elements, characterized in that at the lower and/or upper side of a plurality of structural elements there is provided at least one deviation and holding element (FU) for anchoring elements arranged between those structural elements, said at least one deviation and holding element being shaped complementary to the corresponding surface section of an upper or lower adjacent structural element, and said deviation and holding element in particular being step-shaped or groove and tongue-shaped.
15. Construction, in particular construction bearing by mass, in the form of a supporting or sound protection construction, with structural elements according to anyone of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that with a plurality of mutually superimposed structural elements, there is provided a form element in the back region of a structural element, which form element projects behind the back of the underlying structural element.
16. Construction according to claim 15, characterized in that with a plurality of mutually superimposed structural elements, a tensile anchoring element (ZG) extending in a slope to be supported sand preferably being in the form of a grid web, is inserted between such superimposed structural elements.

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