DE102012020001B3 - Device for loosening pressed insulating material used in building trade, has knife set provided with several knives whose cutting edges are aligned with respect to supply direction of pressed insulating material - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has a feed chute (1) for supplying compressed insulating material. The pre-cutting device (2), fine grinding device (3) and an output device (4) are arranged under the feed chute. The pre-cutting device designed as a crank-cutting platform, is provided with knife set and crankshaft (20) connected to drive unit. The knife set is provided with several knives (21) whose cutting edges are aligned with respect to the supply direction of the insulating material. The knives of the knife set, are connected with one side of the crankshaft.

Description

The invention relates to a device for loosening compressed insulation. Generic devices are z. B. from the DE 29501353 U1 . DE 19947979 C2 . DE 10126840 A1 . EP 1520948 A2 . EP 2444569 A1 . US 3529870 A or DE 20 2009 005 452 U1 known.

Insulating materials are used today in a variety of fields of application, especially in the construction trade. In the building trade loose insulation materials are usually factory-fixed or on-site z. B. installed by means of blowing in cavities. Even when used on site large amounts of such insulation materials are needed, which are usually pressed into bales, bags or containers for transport. However, the compressed insulating materials must be loosened again before their on-site use for insulation.

Different requirements, for example in the heat and / or sound insulation or in the architectural design by special structure formation require the use of various materials as insulating materials; Examples include cellulose wool, natural fibers or shavings of wood, or hemp and mineral, glass or plastic fibers called. According to the respective insulation requirement and the respective insulation material different requirements are placed on the loosening.

In the DE 29501353 U1 a device for loosening of compressed insulation material is disclosed, in which the compressed insulation material is poured into an upright cylindrical collecting container, the bottom of which is closed by a coarse mesh divider. A rotor is slowly brushed over this divider grid, roughly breaking up the compressed insulation material. Beneath the divider grid, a slowly rotating calculator ensures fine loosening of the insulating material falling through the divider grid. The transport of the compressed insulating material to the loosening device at the bottom of the collecting container is due to the force acting on it gravity without any additional feed device.

In the DE 19947979 C2 a device for loosening of compressed insulation material is disclosed, in which the compressed insulation material is transported by means of a conveyor belt to a loosening device, which is designed as three superposed rotating star wheels. The star wheels intervene in the pressed insulation material and tear insulation lumps out of the pressed insulation material during their rotation and release them on the side facing away from the conveyor belt in a loosened form.

In the DE 10126840 A1 a device for loosening of compressed insulation material is disclosed in which the compressed insulation material is transported by gravity conveyance by erecting a tiltable reservoir to a loosening device, which is designed as a hacker, shredder or stirrer.

In the EP 1520948 A2 a device for loosening of compressed insulation material is disclosed in which the compressed insulation material is transported by means of a conveyor belt to a loosening device, which is designed as a superposed rotary shredder and subsequently juxtaposed rotating brushes.

In the EP 2444569 A1 a device for loosening of compressed insulation material is disclosed, in which the compressed insulation material is transported to a loosening device comprising two superimposed, counter-rotating stirring units.

In the US 3529870 A discloses an apparatus for feeding particulate insulation material in which the material is transported via a screw conveyor to a rotating loosening device.

In the DE 20 2009 005 452 U1 a device for loosening of compressed insulation material is disclosed, in which the compressed insulation material is transported to a loosening device comprising a pre-shredding area consisting of a separation grid and a plurality of horizontally arranged shredding shafts in the plane and in the direction of gravity arranged underneath a second loosening area consisting of several co-rotating loosening waves. Optionally, in the direction of gravity, a further loosening shaft can be arranged above the pre-shredding area, which rotates driven eccentrically.

Common to all these devices are rotating movements of loosening elements. These tend in particular at higher densified materials (in particular over 150 kg / m ³ packing density) to blockages at shearing points, and bridging, when the highly compressed insulation material from the loosening elements recedes, and not further crushed.

The term bridging refers to forming the insulating material to a so-called. Bridge on loosening works. In most cases, a stable vault is formed between protruding heels and unmoving elements, so that the flow of material through gravity comes to a standstill; one speaks then of bridging. If the Moving elements of the Auflockerungswerke do not manage to break this training, the flow of material is interrupted and the filler must remove the bridge by suitable means. Blow-in insulating materials have a high tendency to bridge formation in terms of settlement safety. To avoid bridging, loosening elements should usually engage deeply in the room. However, this increases the risk of blockages, since the quantities of insulation to be moved are often too large.

Object of the present invention is to show an alternative to these prior art devices for loosening compressed insulation, which is preferably more efficient, less expensive and / or less susceptible to wear and can be easily adapted to changing requirements.

The object is achieved with respect to the device for loosening of compressed insulation material according to the invention in that it comprises a feed chute for feeding the pressed insulation material, a pre-shredding device arranged underneath in the direction of gravity, and a fine shredding device arranged below it in the direction of gravity and an output device, wherein the pre-shredding device is used as a crank Cutting unit is designed, which comprises a knife set and a crankshaft, which is connected to a drive device (for converting a rotational movement into a pivoting movement), wherein the knife set has at least one knife,
wherein the knife or knives of the knife set are arranged such that in each case a cutting edge is aligned substantially to the feed direction of the insulating material,
wherein the one or more knives of the knife set are connected on one side with the crankshaft.

Such a device according to the invention for loosening compressed insulation material can be filled in the usual way with compressed insulating material, which is then guided under gravity through the feed chute to the pre-shredding device and pre-shredded there, then by gravity on the fine shredding device (eg one or more fast rotating crushing shafts) is guided and finely comminuted there, and the closing hole is fed via the output device (eg a rotary valve) to its intended use.

The main difference to and advantage over similar devices according to the prior art consists in the configuration of the pre-shredding device as a crank-cutting unit, whereby the loosening of particular higher density insulation material is made possible substantially less interference and the occurrence of blockages, eg. B. due to solid Dämmstoffbrocken, is significantly reduced.

While engaging in similar devices according to the prior art rotating elements deep into the pressed insulation, at least partially further compress it and thereby tend to blockage easily, the engagement of the crank-cutting unit according to the invention in the compressed insulation basically takes place differently in a sliding shearing motion of Knife set, such that the one or more knives of the set of knives perform an oscillating-translational movement on the outside of the incoming insulation material and thereby cut, thereby compressing him much less than the design-related deeper engaging rotating elements according to the prior art.

The motion of a knife of this crank-type reamer is similar to that of a piston or connecting rod in an engine. So the knife z. B. unilaterally indirectly, d. H. via a connecting rod, be connected to the crankshaft and each other z. B. are guided in a guide rail. In such an embodiment, the blade corresponds to the piston of the engine and performs an oscillating-translational movement on the outside of the incoming insulating material. In another embodiment, the knife z. B. be connected on one side directly to the crankshaft and each other z. B. be slidably mounted on an axis on a slot. In such an embodiment, the knife corresponds to the connecting rod of the motor and performs a pivoting movement on the outside of the incoming insulating material, which corresponds to an oscillating-translational movement with a superimposed lifting-lowering movement. As a result, the knife engages slightly deeper into the incoming insulation material as a result of the translational stroke movement in a purely oscillatory-translatory movement, but it deviates shortly thereafter due to its translational lowering back and before it can come to a blockage and thereby divides the insulation trouble-free ,

Because of this cutting according to the invention, comparatively gentle pre-shredding of the insulating material even highly compressed insulation materials can be crushed with relatively low drive power, which could be processed with devices of the prior art only with much higher energy consumption or even not at all.

In an advantageous embodiment, the crank-cutting mechanism is designed such that the one or more blades of the blade set one-sided are connected via crank pin and rocker arm with the crankshaft and are mutually slidably mounted on a slot on an axis. The terms "unilateral" and "mutually" are to be understood such that on an imaginary line along the longitudinal extent of a knife on one side of the center there is a connection between the blade and crank pin and each other, ie at some distance in the direction of the other end of the Knife, a connection between knife and its guide axis exists. These connections of the knife allow the above-described oscillatory-translational movement with a superimposed lift-lowering movement. Particularly advantageously, the axis in each case has a circumferential groove and / or a lateral bead for the lateral guidance of the blade or knives, as a result of which its or their guide is durably substantially stabilized and does not fail even with highly compressed insulating material. The knife is thereby both slidably mounted and slidably guided.

It is also advantageous if outstanding interference elements are mounted on the crankshaft and / or on the rocker arms and / or on the crank pin parallel to the axis of rotation of the crankshaft, which are preferably configured elastically.

Such mitbewegten interfering elements serve to disturb a possible bridging over the crankshaft, d. H. To prevent this by regularly taking insulation material above the crankshaft and dropping it below onto the comminution device. The interference elements may have any shape, as long as it is suitable to intervene well in the compressed insulation material. Examples are rod, plate, cutting or hook form called. The interfering elements are preferably designed to be elastic in the rare cases still beginning blockages of the insulating material can escape elastically.

Similarly, it is also advantageous if the axis on which the one or more knives are mutually guided to the crankshaft, also connected to a drive device, so that they can also rotate, preferably in opposite directions to the crankshaft, wherein on the axis parallel to the axis of rotation outstanding interference elements are mounted, which are preferably designed elastically. These have a comparable function as described above with respect to the interference elements of the crankshaft. The opposite configuration of Störelementerotation focuses the insulation volume flow to the area between the crankshaft and the guide axis and thus to the central region of the device according to the invention, whereby the already low probability of insulation accumulations in the edge region is further reduced. Furthermore, depending on the material, it may also be advantageous to provide the knives of the knife set with interfering elements. Therefore, in an advantageous embodiment, at least one fastening possibility is provided on a knife, in particular a slot, for fastening at least one interference element.

It is also particularly advantageous if at least one knife of the knife set has at least one tooth along its cutting edge, which preferably has two tips pointing apart. By means of one or more such teeth, the insulating material can be crushed or sawn even better. This is particularly advantageous when the knife performs the above-described oscillatory-translational movement without Hub-Senk overlay. Particularly good then the design with the two spaced apart tips is suitable, since thus in each of the two directions of oscillation of the knife a good engagement of a tip is given in the insulating material.

In an advantageous embodiment, the crank-cutter is designed variable. This means any kind of variability, in particular a number, size, material and / or shape variability of the knives, the crank elements and the interference elements. This variability allows a demand and / or material-dependent adaptation of the loosening tool.

The variability of the knife set can z. B. be created by facilities that allow easy replacement of the knife, z. B. screwed bearing shells or quick couplings for attachment of different knives on the crankshaft. However, the variability can also be created by changing the knife itself by its shape and size is designed to be adjustable. For example, the shape and size of a knife can be set within certain limits, if z. B. different serrations can be mounted on the cutting edge or interfering elements on the sides.

In a corresponding manner z. B. the crank components are exchanged so that, depending on demand, crank components made of different materials or with different dimensions can be used. So z. B. adjustable by replacing different lengths of rocker swing stroke. Also, not all rocker arms of the crank-cutting mechanism must be configured the same, but they can certainly be designed differently over the length of the crankshaft. The crank components can, for. B. for easily auflockerbare insulation completely or partially made of plastic. This will make the entire crank mechanism cheaper and lighter. The latter requires less drive power. For more difficult to loosen insulating materials metallic components, in particular made of steel, are preferable. As an alternative to such a variable crankshaft but also fixed crankshafts are suitable. These can be z. B. be welded or machined or forged.

The above-mentioned to the crankshaft applies in a corresponding manner also for the guide axis.

The device according to the invention for loosening compressed insulation material can be advantageously supplemented by further devices:
Thus, the fine comminution device can be designed as (preferably counter-rotating) screw plates or angularly positioned rotating cutting blades or additionally comprise these in order to convey insulating material from the edge regions into the central region of the device and supply it to the dispensing device, thereby increasing the material throughput.

In rare exceptional cases, material accumulations may occur under extreme conditions in the transition area between the comminution facilities and the dispenser. To prevent this, additional brushes can be provided in this area, which regularly remove material before its eventual accumulation.

Such a device according to the invention finds advantageous use for loosening of compressed insulation material as it z. B. in the construction trade in large quantities is needed. Examples of suitable insulating materials are cellulose wool, natural fibers or shavings of wood, or hemp and mineral, glass or plastic fibers called

The device according to the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the figures and an embodiment. The figures show schematically and not to scale:

1 : Side view of the device for loosening compressed insulation material.

2 : Slanted top view of the crank cutter.

3 : Slanted top view of the crank-cutter in chronological order to illustrate the movement of the individual knives

According to the embodiment, the device according to the invention for loosening of compressed insulation material has a feed chute 1 for the supply of the pressed insulation material, a pre-shredding device arranged underneath in the direction of gravity 2 and a fine crushing device disposed below in the direction of gravity 3 in the form of a rapidly rotating comminution shaft and an output device 4 in the form of a rotary valve, wherein the pre-shredding device 2 designed as a crank-cutting, which is a blade set and a crankshaft 20 which is connected to a drive device (for converting a rotational movement into a pivoting movement), the knife set here being five knives 21 having, wherein the knife 21 of the knife set are arranged such that in each case a cutting edge is substantially aligned with the feed direction of the insulating material, ie in these incisions can, wherein the blades 21 of the knife set each one-sided with the crankshaft 20 are connected.

Such a device according to the invention for loosening of compressed insulation material can be filled in the usual way with compressed insulation, which then under the action of gravity by the feed chute 1 is guided on the crank-cutting unit and pre-crushed there, then fed under gravity to the rapidly rotating crushing shaft and finely comminuted there and is finally fed via the rotary valve to its intended use.

The crank-cutter allows low-noise loosening of even higher-density insulation materials and significantly reduces the occurrence of blockages, z. B. due to solid pieces of insulation.

While engaging in similar devices according to the prior art rotating elements deep into the pressed insulation, at least partially further compress it and thereby tend to blockages, the engagement of the crank-cutting unit according to the invention in the compressed insulation fundamentally different takes place in a sliding shearing motion of the Set of knives, such that the knives 21 the knife set perform an oscillatory-translational movement on the outside of the incoming insulation material and thereby cut it, thereby compressing him much less than the design-related deeper engaging rotating elements of the prior art.

The movement of the knives 21 this crank cutting unit is in the 3 represented and similar in this embodiment, that of a connecting rod in an engine. That means every knife 21 is one-sided with the crankshaft 20 connected and mutually via a slot 211 on an axis 22 slidably mounted. A knife 21 So corresponds to a connecting rod of the engine and leads a pivoting movement on the outside of the incoming insulating material, which corresponds to an oscillating-translational movement with a superimposed lift-lowering movement. As a result, the knife attacks 21 due to its translational stroke first something in the incoming insulation material and deviates shortly thereafter due to its translational lowering back and before it can come to a blockage while dividing the insulation smoothly into slices with the width of the blade spacing, which usually still in smaller parts or pieces of insulation break up.

Because of this cutting according to the invention, comparatively gentle pre-shredding of the insulating material even highly compressed insulation materials can be crushed with relatively low drive power, which could be processed with devices of the prior art only with much higher energy consumption or even not at all.

The crank-cutter is designed such that the knife 21 of the knife set in each case on one side over crank pin 202 and rocker arm 201 with the crankshaft 20 are connected and each other through a slot 211 on an axis 22 are slidably mounted. The terms "one-sided" and "mutually" are to be understood in such a way that on an imaginary line along the longitudinal extent of a knife 21 one-sided from the middle a connection between knives 21 and crankpins 202 exists as well as each other, ie at some distance towards the other end of the knife 21 , a connection between knives 21 and axis 22 consists. These connections of the knife 21 allow the oscillatory-translatory movement described above with a superimposed lift-lowering movement. The axis 22 has at the respective position of their connection with the knife a taper in the form of a circumferential groove 221 which is slightly wider than the width of the knife 21 designed to allow its sliding guidance. Its slot 211 is slightly wider than the diameter of the axle 22 at the position of the groove 221 about a sliding bearing of the knife 21 to enable. This can cause the knife 21 on the one hand along the elongated hole track on the bottom of the groove 221 on the other hand slide and laterally through the edge of the groove 221 guided smoothly. This ensures that the leadership of the knife is permanently stable and not in the loosening of highly compressed insulation material does not fail. The knife 21 are thus both sliding stored as well as sliding.

At the crankshaft 20 are parallel to the axis of rotation of the crankshaft 20 outstanding elastic interference elements 203 appropriate.

These are used, a possible bridging over the crankshaft 20 To disturb, ie to prevent, by regularly insulating material above the crankshaft 20 take it with you and drop it below onto the rapidly rotating crushing shaft. The interfering elements 203 have plate shape in this embodiment, whereby they can take the insulation good.

The axis 22 on which the knives 21 mutually to the crankshaft 20 guided, is also connected to a drive device, so that they are opposite to the crankshaft 20 can rotate, taking on the axis 22 protruding elastic interference elements parallel to the axis of rotation 222 are attached. These have a similar function as above regarding the interfering elements 203 the crankshaft 20 described. The opposite design of Störelementerotation focuses the insulation volume flow to the area between the crankshaft 20 and the guide axis 22 and thus on the central region of the device according to the invention, whereby the already low probability of insulation accumulations in the edge region is further reduced.

The knife 21 of the knife set are with oblong holes 213 provided where Störelemente can be attached to different positions.

The knife 21 of the knife set have four teeth along its cutting edge 212 on, each having two spaced-apart tips. By means of such teeth 212 the insulating material can be crushed or sawn even better. This is advantageous because it thus in each of the two directions of oscillation of the respective knife 21 a good engagement of a tip is given in the insulating material.

The crank-cutting mechanism is designed variable so that knives, crank elements and interfering elements can be replaced. This variability allows a demand and / or material-dependent adaptation of the loosening tool.

A simple replacement of the knives 21 is made possible by screwable cups for attaching different knives 21 on the crankshaft 20 , Through this exchange option can be demand-dependent knife in a simple way 21 different shape and size can be used. In addition, the knives point 21 several slots 213 on, where different interfering elements can be fixed in different positions.

In a corresponding manner, the rocker arms 201 be varied so that demand-dependent on different lengths rocker arms 201 the stroke is adjustable. Also, not all rocker arms need 201 the crankshaft be the same design, but they can quite over the length of the crankshaft 20 be designed differently.

The inventive device for loosening of compressed insulation material is characterized by high efficiency, low susceptibility, low maintenance and ease of construction.

A preferred application is the use in the construction industry for the loosening of compressed insulation materials such as cellulose wool, natural fibers or shavings of wood, or hemp and mineral, glass or plastic fibers. The invention can also be used for the manufacture of molded parts made of fibrous material (for example, cotton-acrylate mixed blend, acrylic fiber, bicrofibers, and the like) for the automotive supply industry.

The invention is not limited only to the previously described embodiment, but rather to others transferable.

For example, it is conceivable that the knives are unilaterally indirectly, d. H. via a connecting rod, to connect with the crankshaft and to guide each other in a guide rail. In such an embodiment, the knife corresponds to the piston of a motor and performs an oscillating-translational movement without a stroke on the outside of the incoming insulation material.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

feed chute

2

Vorzerkleinerungseinrichtung

3

Fine crushing device

4

output device

20

crankshaft

201

rocker arm

202

crank pin

203

Disturbance element of the crankshaft

21

knife

211

Slot for receiving the axle 22

212

tooth

213

Slot for fixing a fault element

22

axis

221

groove

222

Disturbance element of the axis

Claims (7)

Apparatus for loosening compressed insulation material comprising a feed chute ( 1 ) for the supply of the pressed insulation material, a pre-shredding device arranged underneath in the direction of gravity ( 2 ) and in the direction of gravity arranged thereunder Feinzerkleinerungseinrichtung ( 3 ) and an output device ( 4 ), characterized in that the pre-shredding device ( 2 ) is designed as a crank-cutting mechanism, which a knife set and a crankshaft ( 20 ), which is connected to a drive device, wherein the knife set at least one knife ( 21 ), the knife or knives ( 21 ) of the knife set are arranged such that in each case one cutting edge is oriented essentially in the direction of feed of the insulating material, the knife or knives ( 21 ) of the knife set one-sided with the crankshaft ( 20 ) are connected. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the knife (s) ( 21 ) of the knife set in each case on one side over crank pin ( 202 ) and rocker arm ( 201 ) with the crankshaft ( 20 ) and each other via a slot ( 211 ) on one axis ( 22 ) are slidably mounted, preferably such that the axis ( 22 ) each have a circumferential groove ( 221 ) and / or a lateral bead for lateral guidance of the knife or blades ( 21 ) having. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that on the crankshaft ( 20 ) and / or on the rocker arms ( 201 ) and / or on the crank pin ( 202 ) parallel to the axis of rotation of the crankshaft ( 20 ) outstanding interference elements ( 203 ) are mounted, which are preferably designed elastically. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axis ( 22 ) is connected to a drive device such that it is designed to be rotatable, preferably in opposite directions to the crankshaft, wherein on the axis ( 22 ) outstanding interference elements parallel to its axis of rotation ( 222 ) are mounted, which are preferably designed elastically. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one knife ( 21 ) of the knife set along its cutting edge at least one tooth ( 212 ), which preferably has two spaced-apart tips. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one knife ( 21 ) of the knife set at least one mounting option, in particular a slot ( 213 ), for fastening at least one interference element. Use of a device according to one of claims 1 to 6 for loosening compressed insulation material.

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