EP1861201A1

EP1861201A1 - Device and method for size-reducing agglomerates

Info

Publication number: EP1861201A1
Application number: EP06708725A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Martin Dörr; Hermann Schwinn
Original assignee: Maschinenfabrik Gustav Eirich GmbH and Co KG
Current assignee: Maschinenfabrik Gustav Eirich GmbH and Co KG
Priority date: 2005-03-22
Filing date: 2006-03-10
Publication date: 2007-12-05
Anticipated expiration: 2026-03-10
Also published as: HUE035290T2; CN101151100A; JP2008534247A; RU2007138955A; CN101151100B; RU2419491C2; ES2636541T3; JP5190357B2; PL1861201T3; DE102005013716A1; US7857245B2; BRPI0609406B1; US20080283641A1; BRPI0609406A2; WO2006100187A1; EP1861201B1

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for size-reducing agglomerates and the like material to be reduced in size. Said device comprises a rotatingly driven rotor (1) having a plurality of wing-type size-reduction tools (24) that can be brought into contact with the material in order to cut it. The aim of the invention is to provide a device for size-reducing agglomerates and the like material and a corresponding method which allow better size-reduction results and prevent, in combination with additional methods, the material from baking on. For this purpose, the size-reduction tools are composed of narrow knives (24) the thickness thereof measured in the axial direction of the rotor does not exceed 20 mm and the spacing between the knives in the axial direction is not more than 50 mm.

Description

Apparatus and method for crushing agglomerates

The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for comminuting agglomerates and the like, by mechanical impact comminuting material, wherein the device consists of a rotatably driven rotor with a plurality of wing-like crushing tools, which are in contact with the material to be crushed bar ,

A corresponding device is known for example from the brochure "Loosening spinner" the company VHV Anlagenbau, which is provided for the crushing of agglomerates of foundry sand.

In the preparation of very fine-grained or binder-containing material systems, for example, at the discharge of a silo or after a mixing or granulation process, undesirable agglomeration of a not inconsiderable part of the material flow can lead to large agglomerates or tubers. As a rule, these agglomerates have a low compressive strength and can be comminuted relatively easily to the primary particle size of the particles or granules.

Frequently, such material systems are fed to a downstream filling and compression process, which generates the geometric positive or negative form of the final product. It is important that the mold is filled evenly. Large agglomerates and lumps can now disturb the flow of material in the filling process and thus lead to errors in the final form of the product. For this reason, the agglomerates and tubers are to be comminuted so far that they are present in the desired Primärkorn- or granule size.

In particular, for the comminution of tubers in the molding sand preparation, the already mentioned, as loosening spinner designated crushing device is known, which can be mounted in the form of an independent attachment on a belt conveyor.

The shredding takes place via wear-protected relatively thick flails, which are attached spirally on a horizontally running shaft with a relatively large lateral distance. The fast rotating shaft is mounted transversely to the conveying direction of the belt conveyor so that the rotating flails are moved through the bulk material, but have no contact with the underlying belt of the belt conveyor. The inner surfaces of the relatively close to the spinning unit arranged cover is provided for example with wear-resistant non-stick liners.

The problem of the known solution is that, especially in the molding sand preparation located on the belt conveyor Good is removed by the relatively thick flail from the bed of good and thrown tangentially forward and upward in the direction of rotation of the rotating shaft. The tubers are crushed by the impact stress of the flails as well as the impact on the housing wall. In particular, the transport in the vertical direction with high tangential speeds, however, despite strong non-stick coating leads to strong caking in the collecting housing.

The rotating flails must therefore move through both the relatively loose material and the compacted caking in the housing, resulting in high wear and unnecessarily high drive power to the rotating shaft.

Furthermore, due to the relatively large lateral spacing of the flails, a subset of the conveyed material can pass undrilled between the comminuting unit without full contact with the rotating flails.

Compared to this prior art, the present invention seeks to provide a device for crushing agglomerates and similar material and a corresponding method, which ensure a better crushing effect and thereby largely prevent material caking as well as by further measures.

With regard to the device, this object is achieved in that the wings consist of narrow blades whose measured thickness in the axial direction of the rotor is a maximum of 20 mm and their repeating distance along the axial direction is not more than 50 mm.

The repetition distance given above refers to knives arranged approximately at the same angle with respect to the rotor axis, ie. h are adjacent in the axial direction and in the circumferential direction at least partially overlapping, so either at the same angular position axially behind the other or z. B. are arranged spirally circumferentially with smaller relative offset angles. Otherwise, of course, several knives may be different angular positions and without mutual overlap even at the same axial height, d. h, be arranged at a pitch 0.

The small repeating distance in conjunction with the small thickness or thickness of the knife means of course at a given width or axial length of the rotor that the number of knives over the known device is substantially larger, it has been found that due to the large Number of relatively narrow knife the crushing effect can be significantly improved and also better avoided material caking or detached by the knife movement again, which also reduces the blade wear, so that the (in radial plan view) narrower knife surprisingly also in terms of wear advantage are..

An embodiment of the invention is particularly preferred in which the thickness of the knives is less than 15 mm and in particular less than 10 mm but more than 2 mm, with a thickness of the knives in the range of 3 mm to 7 mm is particularly preferred.

Conveniently, the blades are made of a wear-resistant material as possible, for which in particular hardened steels, but also carbide are suitable.

The radial length of the blades in the preferred embodiment is at least 25% of the rotor diameter, preferably at least 30% of the total rotor diameter.

Conveniently, the blades are each provided on rotor elements, which consist of several contiguous, arranged at approximately equal angular intervals knives, which are interconnected, for example via a central ring, this central ring, for example, on a rotatably driven, central shaft of the rotor can be pushed.

It is particularly preferred if the knives are designed so that they also give the material to be crushed in addition to the rotation direction corresponding forward pulse and a slight lateral pulse. This can be achieved, for example, by the fact that the individual knives, which consist essentially of wear-resistant, flat, strip-shaped elements, are either slightly twisted out of a radial plane, twisted in their longitudinal direction or at their free ends out of a radial plane Axial direction are angled. These different knife designs are also combinable. Each of the aforementioned features of an angling or twisting of the knife blade has the effect that the material which is cut through the knife, also a lateral component of movement is given. Regardless of any profiling, each knife has a leading edge, a trailing edge, and two opposing side surfaces interconnecting the leading and trailing edges. The above defined twisting or angulation of the blades relates to one or both of these side surfaces, respectively.

In this case, an embodiment of the device according to the invention is particularly preferred, in which the number of twisted in one direction or angled knife is approximately equal to the number of twisted in the opposite direction or angled knife, so that the total material entrained motion components perpendicular essentially cancel the direction of transport, whereby a better comminution effect is achieved by these opposite lateral movements, in particular also by a part of the material cut by a knife, which is not acted on directly by the knife, deflecting somewhat in the lateral direction and thus exactly in the trajectory of a subsequent circumferential and axial direction or adjacent knife is brought.

In the variant with angled ends, it is preferred if the angled ends extend over less than a quarter of the radial blade length. The bend should be less than 30 °, in particular less than 20 °, but if possible also over 3 °, e.g. between about 5 ° and 10 °. Alternatively, the ends could also be curved, the curvature being such that a tangent at the curved region at the tip of the knife deviates by a maximum of 30 ° from the radial direction.

It is understood that both knives with angled ends and simple straight, flat blades can be arranged simultaneously on one and the same rotor, wherein it is generally preferred if of the knives having angled ends, in each case half in the one and the other half is angled in the other direction.

It is particularly preferred if arranged at the same axial height and circumferentially successive knives are angled in opposite directions, whereby sequences are possible, in each case two sequentially successive in the following knives in the following one and the next two in the circumferential direction Knives are angled in the other direction. Conveniently, the individual rotor elements, which have either 2, 4, 6 or 8 knives, each configured identically, so that a plurality of axially aligned one behind the other, similar rotor elements form the rotor. As already mentioned, the rotor elements expediently have a central ring, which is pushed onto a suitable shaft, with a variant being particularly preferred, in which the ring has a projection protruding radially inward, fitting into one axially or else easily spirally or wavy along the shaft extending groove is inserted. If a corresponding projection on the ring with respect to the knife is always arranged in the same angular position, this means that the individual blades of axially successive rotor elements follow the course of the groove along the shaft.

Of course, could also be provided on the shaft, a radially projecting bar or the like, which engages in a corresponding groove in the inner circumference of the rings of the rotor elements.

In general, however, it is preferred that the axially aligned knives, which could optionally also be slightly helical or wavy instead of an exact axial orientation, each have identically formed knives, i. Knives whose tips are each angled in the same direction, while a group of blades that is adjacent to the former group in the circumferential direction, could have an angling or twisting in another direction, but in any case the blades of such in the axial direction are essentially identical in each case substantially aligned group. This embodiment is particularly space-saving and has uniform gap widths between adjacent blades of the same circumferential position.

As a possible alternative or supplement to the angled or twisted ends of the knife, an embodiment of the invention is preferred in which the rotor is mounted axially movable, wherein means are provided which impart an oscillatory axial movement to the rotor during the rotation. The oscillatory axial movement is then superimposed on the rotational movement of the knife so that the knives during the cutting of the material to be crushed at the same time also have a component of movement in the axial direction, ie transverse to the conveying direction of the material, and so in a similar manner as bends or twists of the blade tip to crushing material give a light lateral component with respect to the conveying direction. In the corresponding method, which superimposes the rotational movement on the axial reciprocating motion of the rotor, the frequency of the oscillatory movement is expediently synchronized with the rotational movement. In this case, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the axial oscillation frequency is preferably between one and four times the rotational frequency, wherein the factor between rotational frequency and oscillation frequency is expediently made dependent on the number of rows of blades distributed along the circumference of the rotor. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the oscillation frequency is m times the rotational frequency, where m equals the number n of rows of blades arranged at different angular positions divided by two (m = n / 2). The axial reciprocating motion is preferably sinusoidal, wherein expediently the entire rotor, including its bearings, is axially reciprocable and the corresponding rotor holder is moved axially back and forth overall with the frequency mentioned.

In this case, the synchronization is preferably carried out in such a way that the speed of the axial oscillation movement is maximum even when a row of knives (= group of knives in substantially the same angular position with respect to the rotor axis) is in its lowest position in engagement with the agglomerate. The result of using the above rule for the ratio of the oscillation frequency to the rotational frequency of the rotor is that one row of blades laterally moves the agglomerate in one direction and the next row of blades moves the agglomerate in the other direction Main component of the movement imparted agglomerate in or against the conveying direction, because the actual (maximum) speeds of the axial oscillatory movement in practice are small in relation to the rotational speed of the blade tips.

The amplitude of the axial oscillatory motion in the preferred embodiment should not be more than the axial repeat distance of adjacent blades of the same angular position, preferably the amplitude should be only about 1/3 to 2/3 of the axial pitch of the blades.

Taking into account the already mentioned preferred dimensions for the axial distance and the rotor diameter and when using a rotor with four rows of blades, so for example, the rotor elements of Figure 3 and 4 in the arrangement of Figure 5 right, resulting from the information for the rotational frequency, the preferred Repeat distance and the typical see diameter corresponding rotors, that then the maximum axial velocity is generally between 1/10 and 1/20 of the rotational speed of the blade tip, wherein However, a larger range of 1/5 to 1/50 can be used meaningfully for the ratio of these speeds to each other.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the corresponding rotor is housed in a longitudinally transversely to the rotor axis formed and can be placed on a conveyor housing.

The housing is designed so that it closes a space above a conveyor, such as a conveyor belt, upwards and laterally, wherein the side walls of the housing extending in the vicinity of the edges of the conveyor belt to just above this conveyor belt and wherein the housing in the area the rotor has a clear height, which is expediently between 1.5 and 3 times the rotor diameter, in particular between 1.7 and 2.3 times this height.

The length of the housing is a multiple of its height, since in the preferred orientation of the rotor, the material to be crushed is thrown by the rotating blades forward and can be better caught at a distance from the blades. For this purpose, a curtain made of flexible sheet material is expediently used which hangs down at a distance which corresponds to a multiple and at least twice the rotor diameter at the end or shortly before the end of the housing and rests on the conveyor or the material transported thereon. In particular, this curtain of flexible material may consist of a plurality of parallel strips and, if desired, two or more such curtains may be arranged in short distance one behind the other to ensure that no material is ejected at high speed forward from the housing.

The upper side of the housing is expediently lined with a flexible and preferably wear-resistant sheet material, whereby here, however, no close contact or even a coating of the housing inner wall is to be understood by lining, but rather this flexible sheet material hangs loosely from the upper side of the housing or at a distance loosely suspended under the upper housing inner wall.

It has been found that such a loosely-hanging material web prevents caking much better than any non-stick coating or solid lining of the housing inner wall. This is due in particular to the fact that, through movements, the flexible

Web material alone by impinging material particles undergoes, possibly adhering material always flaking off. If necessary, this can also be supported by targeted, active movement of the flexible material web. Again, this loosely hanging web may in turn consist of several parallel strips that are even more flexible and flexible than all continuous webs in full width. Of course, wear-resistant materials with the lowest possible adhesion for material caking are also preferred for the flexible web.

The inventive method is characterized in that a rotor is used with the above features, wherein in a preferred embodiment, the rotor is arranged so that the blade moves in engagement in the conveyed on a material transported under the rotor in the conveying direction through this material become. In particular, this relative movement of the knife passing through the material with simultaneous transport of the material along a conveying direction is also the case, which effectively gives the material a lateral component of movement in the case of angled knife tips.

According to the invention, the device in question is placed in a conveying direction, wherein care must be taken that the blades engage in the transported on a conveyor belt or similar material, but in any case maintain a safe distance from the conveyor itself, so as not to damage ,

The peripheral speeds at the outer ends of the knife is suitably between 5 and 20 m / s, preferably between 10 and 15 m / s. The conveying speed is on the order of 0.5 to 2 m / s, in particular about 1 m / s. If the conveying speed differs, the rotational speed of the rotor can also be adapted accordingly so that overall the above-mentioned relative speeds result, which however can also be material-dependent and thus deviate from the above values.

Conveniently, the material is reciprocated by the blades not only in the direction of rotation of the blades, but also perpendicular thereto, while the blades cut through the material. This is done mainly by using appropriately shaped knives.

Further advantages, features and possible applications of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment and the associated figures. Show it: FIG. 1 is a side view of a crushing device mounted on a belt conveyor and in a housing;

FIG. 2 shows a front view of the comminuting device according to FIG. 1,

Figure 3 is a plan view of a rotor element, Figure 4 is a side view of a rotor element and

FIG. 5 schematically shows a side view of a variant with a plurality of rotors or rotor elements mounted one behind the other and above a belt.

The crushing device according to the invention is shown in Figure 1 in side view and in Figure 2 in front view. The crushing device consists essentially of a rotor 7 and is secured by means of a support frame 2 on a belt conveyor 3. The conveyed, such. B. foundry sand, rests on a flat-running belt 4, which is supported on support rollers 5 on the frame of the belt conveyor 6. The rotor 7 or its shaft 13 is held laterally in bearings 8 which are fixed to the support frame 2. The drive of the rotor 7 via a motor 9 with V-belt transmission 10. The motor 9 is mounted on a motor rocker 11, so that the V-belt 10 can be tensioned via a pressure screw 12. Mounted on the central shaft 13 of the rotor 7 are rotor elements 14 having knife-like shredding means, referred to as "knives 24" for short, with angled ends 27. Between the outer end of the shredding means and the belt 4 there may be a gap over a correspondingly height-adjustable Holding device 15. The cover housing (16) of the comminution device is clamped between the support frame 2. In order to prevent the escape of sand in the direction of rotation of the rotor 7, the cover housing 16 is made long in the direction of rotation of the rotor 7 and still has, for example, behind the rotor a length which is about 4 - fach times the rotor diameter.

The interior of the cover 16 is provided with a curtain of flexible material 17, such as rubber. In the preferred embodiment, this curtain is made up of parallel strips of flexible material suspended in the longitudinal or transverse direction from the cover 16, ie from the side walls or from the top wall. The curtain 17 is fastened to the cover housing 16, for example via terminal strips 18. At the end of the cover housing in the direction of rotation of the rotor (here referred to as the direction of movement of the blades 24 in each lower, engaged with the agglomerate sections), the curtain is suspended so that it rubs on the belt or the conveyed and so an undesirable Outlet of product, which is thrown up by the fast-running rotor 7 in small subsets, in the conveying direction of the Conveyor belt prevented. In order to prevent product leakage with certainty, two or more curtains 19 of flexible material can be attached one behind the other.

The rotation of the rotor 7 preferably takes place in a direction which coincides with the transport direction of the belt 4 of the belt conveyor 3 in the lower engagement region of the rotor. However, operation in the opposite direction is also possible, although not currently preferred.

The shape of the housing is tapered wedge-shaped in the preferred embodiment in the direction of the outlet opening of the belt 4, wherein the height above the belt 4 in the region of the rotor 7 between 1.5 and 3 times the rotor diameter D, preferably between the 1, 7 and 2.3 times the diameter D, is. In the exit area on the curtain 19, the height above the belt 4 is between 0.5 and 1.5 times the diameter D of the rotor 7, preferably between 0.7 and 1.3 times the diameter D.

The lateral sealing of the crushing device 1 on the belt 4 is carried out by rubber lips 20 which are attached to the belt 4 grinding on the housing 16. The setting of the sealing gap is carried out when using the rubber lips, for example via screws by means of terminal strips 21, which are provided with slots.

The rotor 7 consists of a plurality of juxtaposed on the central shaft 13 rotor elements 14. The rotor elements 14 may be interchangeable or not interchangeable connected to the central shaft 13. Furthermore, the complete rotor 4 can be made in one piece. In the preferred embodiment, the rotor elements 14 are releasably connected to the central shaft 13 and each have rotor blades or blades 24 offset by 45 °, 60 °, 90 ° or 180 ° from each other. The rotor blade or blade 24 is required between the blades 24 and between the rotor elements 14 Distance is adjusted via spacers 22 located therebetween. In addition to the above-mentioned angle arrangements of the blade 24 also any other angle settings are possible. The axially juxtaposed under the same angular position, angled ends 27 of the blades 24 each show in the same direction, while the ends 27 of the arranged in a (relative to the axis of the shaft 13) other fixed angular position knife 24 together in the opposite direction are angled

FIG. 3 shows a preferred variant of the rotor element 14 in an (axial) plan view. The associated radial side view is shown in FIG a plate with a central ring 23 cut strip, which forms a rotor element 14, has two arranged in the opposite direction knife-like arms, hereinafter referred to briefly as a knife 24. On the inner edge 25 of the annular cutout 23, a nose 26 is formed, which allows a verdrehsi- chere mounting via a corresponding groove on the central shaft.

The ends 27 of the blades 24 are angled in the opposite direction by an angle α out of the plane. The angle α is between 3 ° and 20 °, preferably between 5 ° and 10 °.

The rotor illustrated in FIG. 2 is constructed from the rotor elements 14, as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4. In this case, two axially immediately successive rotor elements 14 are each rotated by 90 ° from each other, so that there is a shape of the rotor in the axial plan view, as can be seen in the right in Figure 5 rotor. The four rotor arms or knives 24, as shown in Figure 5 right, arranged on two axially successively arranged rotor element rings 23, wherein two knives 24 are formed in pairs opposite one piece with such a ring 23 and the respective rings in each case 90 ° are rotated against each other, as can be seen also on the basis of the lugs 26, which engage in two corresponding, axially parallel Nuten a central shaft 13 th. In this way, all the rotor elements 14 can be made identical in the embodiment shown in Figures 3 and 4, wherein the four individual knives 24, each arranged at four different angular positions two different axial positions one behind the other, each at two successive positions in the one Direction and in the next two consecutive positions in the other direction are angled. However, it would also be possible to make the angling of the blade tips 27 on each of the rotor elements 14 in the same direction and then to rotate about 90 ° against each other and axially axially contiguous rotor elements 14 relative to each other about its longitudinal axis, so that for two arranged immediately adjacent rotor elements, the Abwinkelungsrichtung the blade tips after every 90 ° in the circumferential direction changes.

It is understood that in the embodiment described above, in which the rotor elements 14 each have two blades 24 according to Figures 3 and 4, wherein each two successive rotor elements, as shown in Figure 5 right recognizable, by 90 ° about the axis or shaft 13 of the rotor 7 are rotated against each other, the repetition distance of the adjacent blade 24 in a row is twice the Wiederholabstandes the rotor elements 14. Additional spacers between the rotor elements may possibly be dispensed with altogether in such an embodiment or in other rotors constructed from two-winged rotor elements 14.

In other variants, not shown, and regardless of the one-piece design with the (or without the) central ring 23, in addition to the angled shape of the ends of the plane of the metal strip (paper plane in Figure 3) are slightly untwisted ends, d. H. in itself twisted knife 24 possible. However, the wing-like knives can also be turned out of the paper plane of FIG. 3 overall by a certain (fixed) angle. Where in both aforementioned cases, the twist angle should not exceed a maximum value of 30 °, preferably of 10 °. For twisted knives, it is otherwise useful if the angle of rotation at the end of the knife closer to the axis and at the tip of the knife is minimal, since the rotational speed of the knife tip is greater and thus the momentum transfer in the axial direction at the same angle of rotation the tip of the knife is higher than at the sections closer to the axis. However, in most practical cases, the angle of rotation of the knives in a section of the knives 24 near the shaft or shaft 13 will not arrive, since the knives predominantly engage the agglomerate only with their radially outer sections.

The thickness of the blade in the region of engagement with the conveyed material is generally between 2 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 3 mm and 5 mm. The distances between the arms 24 and the ends 2 of the comminuting means is between 3 mm and 15 mm, preferably between 3 mm and 7 mm, thus resulting in a pitch of the rotor elements 14 in the axial direction of a minimum of about 5 to (preferably) not more than 25 mm results, with repetition distances up to 50 mm still quite reasonable. The total diameter D of the rotor 4 is between 150 mm and 400 mm, preferably between 250 mm and 300 mm. The axial length of the rotor 7 is adapted to the width of the belt conveyor and is between 80% and 100% of the total width, preferably between 90% and 95% of the total width of the conveyor belt 4th

The peripheral speed at the outer ends 27 of the rotor elements 14 is between 5 m / s and 20 m / s, preferably between 10 m / s and 15 m / s. Decisive for efficient operation is the relative speed to the belt conveyor, which is at a conveying speed of 1 m / s depending on the direction of rotation of the rotor between 4 m / s and 21 m / s, preferably between 9 m / s and 16 m / s. FIG. 5 shows a further variant of a comminution device. In addition to the use of a single rotor, the arrangement of two or more rotors 7, T arranged behind one another is accordingly also possible. The direction of rotation of the rotors 7, T can be in one direction, but also in different directions. The peripheral speeds of the rotors can be the same size or different sizes. Furthermore, in addition to the use of similar and equally sized rotors, the use of differently sized diameter rotors is possible. Also, the shape and the axial distance of the rotor elements on the different rotors may differ.

Claims

Patent claims

1. An apparatus for crushing agglomerates and the like material to be comminuted, comprising a rotatably driven rotor (1) having a plurality of blade-like crushing tools (24), which are brought into contact with the material in order to cut it, characterized in that the comminution tools consist of narrow blades (24) whose thickness measured in the axial direction of the rotor does not exceed 20 mm and whose repeating distance in the axial direction is at most 50 mm.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the knife is less than 15 mm, in particular less than 10 mm and more preferably at least 3 mm and at most 7 mm, and that the repeating distance less than 30 mm, in particular less than 20 mm and at least 5 mm, preferably at least 8 mm.

3. Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the radial length of the individual knives at least 25%, preferably at least 30% of the total rotor diameter is.

4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the rotor consists of a plurality of axially successively arranged rotor elements, each distributed at equal angular intervals have multiple blades.

5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the rotor is mounted axially movable, wherein means for axially reciprocating the rotor during rotation of the rotor are provided about its axis.

6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that synchronizing means are provided for synchronizing the axial reciprocating motion with the rotational movement of the rotor.

7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that extending in the radial direction of the rotor blade (24) are twisted from the center outwards in itself.

Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the number of knives twisted in a first direction is approximately equal to the number of knives twisted in a second direction.

9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the blades are angled at their free ends from a radial plane in the axial direction.

10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the angled ends make up less than a quarter of the radial blade length.

11. The device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the ends of the blades (24) are angled at an angle α, the less than 30 °, in particular less than 20 °, but at least 3 ° and in particular between 5 ° and 10 ° is.

12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the ends of the blades are curved out of a radial plane out in the axial direction, wherein the tangent to the blade tip forms an angle of less than 30 ° with the radial direction.

13. Device according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that of the totality of the blades of a rotor in about half of the blade ends are angled in one axial direction and the other half of the blades in the opposite axial direction.

14. The apparatus of claim 4 or one of the dependent on claim 4 claims, characterized in that the rotor elements each have 2, 4, 6 or 8 knives, which are arranged at equal angular intervals to each other.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein a plurality of rotor elements are arranged axially behind one another, characterized in that the angled in the same direction

Ends of successive rotors are arranged in approximately the same angular position.

16. Device according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the rotor is arranged in a transversely to the rotor axis elongated, can be placed on a conveyor housing.

17. The apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that the housing is equipped on its inside with a loosely hanging from the upper inner wall of the housing, flexible sheet material.

18. The apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the web material consists of several parallel strips.

19. Device according to one of claims 17 or 18, characterized in that the flexible sheet material is wear-resistant.

20. Device according to one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the web material in the conveying direction forms a hanging on the transported uncrushed material curtain.

21. A method of crushing agglomerates and the like, by mechanical impact comminuted material, wherein for comminution, a device is used with a material to be contacted with the rotor bearing wing-like crushing tools, characterized in that a rotor is used, the Grinding tools consist of knives having a thickness measured in the axial direction of the rotor of not more than 20 mm and an axial repeating distance of not more than 50 mm.

22. Method according to claim 21, characterized in that the thickness of the knives is at most 15 mm, preferably at most 10 mm and in particular between 3 mm and 7 mm and that the axial repeating distance is less than 30 mm, in particular less than 20 mm and preferably between 8 mm and 15 mm.

23. The method according to any one of claims 20 or 21, characterized in that the device is placed on a conveyor, wherein the direction of rotation of the rotor is selected so that the blades cut in the conveying direction by the transported material on the conveyor.

24. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 23, characterized in that for trapping thrown by the rotor material from the upper inner wall of the housing of the device depending, flexible sheet material is used.

25. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 24, characterized in that the rotor (1) is additionally axially reciprocated during its rotational movement.

26. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that the maximum axial speed of the rotor is less than 1/2, preferably less than 1/10 of the peripheral speed of the rotor.

27. The method according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that the frequency of the reciprocating motion is an integer multiple of the frequency of rotation of the rotor, wherein the integer multiple preferably corresponds to the number arranged in different angular positions rows of blades divided into two.

28. The method according to any one of claims 25 to 27, characterized in that the amplitude of the axial reciprocating motion is less than or equal to the knife spacing, preferably between 1/3 and 2/3 of the axial blade spacing between adjacent blades of the same angular position.

29. The method according to any one of claims 25 to 28, characterized in that the rotational frequency of the rotor and axial reciprocating frequency is synchronized with each other in such a way that the rotor always has a maximum axial velocity, when the tips of an axially aligned row of knives their reach the lowest point.

30. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 29, characterized in that the knives are twisted in and / or bent at their ends to divert the material when cutting partially in the axial direction of the rotor.

31. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that the number of twisted in one direction and / or at its tip in one direction angled knife corresponds approximately to the number of twisted in the opposite direction or in the opposite direction angled knife.