DE102011089205B4 - Calciumarme Mischung und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer calciumarmen Mischung zur Aushärtung in calciumarmes Zementmaterial - Google Patents
Calciumarme Mischung und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer calciumarmen Mischung zur Aushärtung in calciumarmes Zementmaterial Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102011089205B4 DE102011089205B4 DE102011089205.2A DE102011089205A DE102011089205B4 DE 102011089205 B4 DE102011089205 B4 DE 102011089205B4 DE 102011089205 A DE102011089205 A DE 102011089205A DE 102011089205 B4 DE102011089205 B4 DE 102011089205B4
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- calcium
- low
- weight
- cementitious material
- mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012024 dehydrating agents Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940104869 fluorosilicate Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 sodium fluorosilicate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 6
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical group OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010754 BS 2869 Class F Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XGZRAKBCYZIBKP-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Na+] XGZRAKBCYZIBKP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000357 manganese(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910014134 Na—P1 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- UNYSKUBLZGJSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;1,3,5,2,4,6$l^{2}-trioxadisilaluminane 2,4-dioxide;dihydroxide;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2].O=[Si]1O[Al]O[Si](=O)O1.O=[Si]1O[Al]O[Si](=O)O1 UNYSKUBLZGJSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052676 chabazite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
- C04B28/008—Mineral polymers other than those of the Davidovits type, e.g. from a reaction mixture containing waterglass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/24—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
- C04B7/243—Mixtures thereof with activators or composition-correcting additives, e.g. mixtures of fly ash and alkali activators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/10—Accelerators; Activators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW099144990A TWI491579B (zh) | 2010-12-21 | 2010-12-21 | 低鈣飛灰於常溫膠結方法 |
| TWTW099144990 | 2010-12-21 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE102011089205A1 DE102011089205A1 (de) | 2012-06-21 |
| DE102011089205B4 true DE102011089205B4 (de) | 2019-08-29 |
Family
ID=45091936
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011089205.2A Active DE102011089205B4 (de) | 2010-12-21 | 2011-12-20 | Calciumarme Mischung und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer calciumarmen Mischung zur Aushärtung in calciumarmes Zementmaterial |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8562734B2 (enExample) |
| JP (2) | JP5568812B2 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN102531430A (enExample) |
| CH (1) | CH704292B1 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE102011089205B4 (enExample) |
| FR (1) | FR2969142B1 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB2486757B (enExample) |
| TW (1) | TWI491579B (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103102089B (zh) * | 2013-01-30 | 2014-11-05 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | 一种细粒尾矿充填用的胶凝材料 |
| CN103408237B (zh) * | 2013-07-17 | 2015-06-03 | 安徽中铁工程材料科技有限公司 | 一种无碱无氯混凝土掺合料活性激发剂 |
| CN103936640B (zh) * | 2014-04-08 | 2016-01-20 | 同济大学 | 三乙醇胺为芯的具有羧酸盐侧基及二硫代羧酸盐端基的星形超支化聚合物、制备方法及用途 |
| KR101713828B1 (ko) * | 2014-11-04 | 2017-03-10 | (주)에스엠테크 | 무시멘트 촉진형 혼화제 및 이를 포함하는 무시멘트 조성물 |
| EP3023460B1 (de) * | 2014-11-18 | 2019-08-21 | Bitunova Baustofftechnik GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kaltmischgut |
| US9896379B2 (en) | 2015-05-06 | 2018-02-20 | En-Tech Corporation | System and method for making and applying a non-portland cement-based material |
| US10865146B2 (en) | 2015-05-06 | 2020-12-15 | En-Tech Corporation | System and method for making and applying a non-Portland cement-based material |
| MX2018001593A (es) * | 2015-08-10 | 2018-05-02 | Cemex Res Group Ag | Material de construccion maleable basado en ceniza volatil con flujo controlado y retencion de la manejabilidad. |
| JP2018043909A (ja) * | 2016-09-14 | 2018-03-22 | ケイミュー株式会社 | ジオポリマー組成物、及びジオポリマー硬化体 |
| RS64093B1 (sr) * | 2016-11-04 | 2023-04-28 | En Tech Corp | Postupak primene materijala koji nije na bazi portlandskog cementa |
| DE102017006168A1 (de) | 2017-06-29 | 2019-01-03 | Ruentex Materials Co., Ltd | Nichtcalcinierte zementöse zusammensetzungen, nichtcalcinierte betonzusammensetzungen, nichtcalcinierter beton und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
| US10562816B2 (en) | 2017-06-29 | 2020-02-18 | Ruentex Materials Co., Ltd. | Non-calcined cementitious compositions, non-calcined concrete compositions, non-calcined concrete and preparation methods thereof |
| CN109206026B (zh) * | 2017-06-30 | 2021-12-24 | 润泰精密材料股份有限公司 | 环保波特兰(Portland)水泥、其制备方法以及其应用 |
| CN107311491B (zh) * | 2017-07-05 | 2019-09-20 | 青海大学 | 一种混凝土再生微粉生产镁水泥用活性氧化镁的方法 |
| CN107572855B (zh) * | 2017-08-28 | 2020-05-05 | 南京成弘建新材料有限公司 | 用于钢渣、矿渣的活性增效剂及其制备方法 |
| CN108059373B (zh) * | 2017-11-30 | 2021-07-23 | 中冶建筑研究总院有限公司 | 碱-矿渣水泥作为软基处理材料的应用 |
| TWI733968B (zh) * | 2017-12-22 | 2021-07-21 | 中禕機械工程興業有限公司 | 無機聚合水泥的製造方法 |
| CN109133776B (zh) * | 2018-08-16 | 2021-03-23 | 安徽信息工程学院 | 含活性添加剂的混凝土材料 |
| CN109796169B (zh) * | 2019-01-15 | 2021-04-20 | 武汉理工大学 | 一种复合增强碳化预制品的制备方法 |
| US10759697B1 (en) | 2019-06-11 | 2020-09-01 | MSB Global, Inc. | Curable formulations for structural and non-structural applications |
| TWI753785B (zh) * | 2021-02-24 | 2022-01-21 | 林文欽 | 膠結材料製造方法 |
| CN113135764A (zh) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-07-20 | 丁威 | 一种莫来石流钢砖及其制备方法 |
| CN114045052A (zh) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-02-15 | 福州大学 | 一种单组分石膏-碱矿渣防火涂料及其制备方法 |
| CN115321904B (zh) * | 2022-08-05 | 2023-06-13 | 华新水泥股份有限公司 | 一种低碳植生混凝土及其制备方法 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007096686A1 (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2007-08-30 | Cemex Research Group Ag | Universal hydraulic binder based on fly ash type f |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH08301639A (ja) * | 1995-05-02 | 1996-11-19 | Osamu Ikeda | ジオポリマーによるフライアッシュ粉体の 固化および材料化 |
| CN1064028C (zh) * | 1998-12-21 | 2001-04-04 | 李桓宇 | 垃圾粉煤灰轻质免烧砖 |
| US6482258B2 (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2002-11-19 | Mineral Resource Technologies, Llc | Fly ash composition for use in concrete mix |
| JP4048351B2 (ja) * | 2002-02-06 | 2008-02-20 | 攻 池田 | 加圧流動床ボイラ灰を用いた構造材料 |
| GB0304158D0 (en) * | 2003-02-25 | 2003-03-26 | Mbt Holding Ag | Admixture |
| US6682595B1 (en) * | 2002-09-12 | 2004-01-27 | Ronald Lee Barbour | Settable composition containing potassium sulfate |
| US7303014B2 (en) * | 2004-10-26 | 2007-12-04 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Casing strings and methods of using such strings in subterranean cementing operations |
| US8172940B2 (en) * | 2007-07-12 | 2012-05-08 | Ceramatec, Inc. | Treatment of fly ash for use in concrete |
| PL2178806T3 (pl) * | 2007-08-17 | 2014-12-31 | Cemex Res Group Ag | Materiał budowlany na bazie aktywowanego popiołu lotnego |
| CN102348660B (zh) * | 2009-01-22 | 2015-08-26 | 天主教美利坚大学 | 用于水泥和混凝土的特制的地质聚合物复合粘合剂 |
| US8377197B2 (en) * | 2009-10-21 | 2013-02-19 | Reco Cement Products, LLC | Cementitious compositions and related systems and methods |
-
2010
- 2010-12-21 TW TW099144990A patent/TWI491579B/zh active
-
2011
- 2011-02-16 CN CN201110040034XA patent/CN102531430A/zh active Pending
- 2011-06-17 US US13/163,640 patent/US8562734B2/en active Active
- 2011-10-12 GB GB1117624.5A patent/GB2486757B/en active Active
- 2011-12-20 FR FR1161977A patent/FR2969142B1/fr active Active
- 2011-12-20 CH CH02008/11A patent/CH704292B1/de unknown
- 2011-12-20 DE DE102011089205.2A patent/DE102011089205B4/de active Active
- 2011-12-21 JP JP2011279985A patent/JP5568812B2/ja active Active
-
2014
- 2014-06-05 JP JP2014116495A patent/JP5882395B2/ja active Active
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007096686A1 (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2007-08-30 | Cemex Research Group Ag | Universal hydraulic binder based on fly ash type f |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| Etsuo Sakai, Shigeyoshi Miyahara, Shigenari Ohsawa, Seung-Heun Lee, Masaki Daimon: Hydration of fly ash cement. Cement and Concrete Research 35 (2005), 1135-1140 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2014159373A (ja) | 2014-09-04 |
| DE102011089205A1 (de) | 2012-06-21 |
| US20120152152A1 (en) | 2012-06-21 |
| CH704292A2 (de) | 2012-06-29 |
| JP5568812B2 (ja) | 2014-08-13 |
| GB2486757A (en) | 2012-06-27 |
| TW201226358A (en) | 2012-07-01 |
| FR2969142B1 (fr) | 2020-11-13 |
| JP2012131698A (ja) | 2012-07-12 |
| US8562734B2 (en) | 2013-10-22 |
| CH704292B1 (de) | 2016-06-15 |
| TWI491579B (zh) | 2015-07-11 |
| FR2969142A1 (fr) | 2012-06-22 |
| GB2486757B (en) | 2017-09-06 |
| CN102531430A (zh) | 2012-07-04 |
| JP5882395B2 (ja) | 2016-03-09 |
| GB201117624D0 (en) | 2011-11-23 |
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