DD156537A5 - Elektrode und verfahren zu deren herstellung - Google Patents
Elektrode und verfahren zu deren herstellung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DD156537A5 DD156537A5 DD81227814A DD22781481A DD156537A5 DD 156537 A5 DD156537 A5 DD 156537A5 DD 81227814 A DD81227814 A DD 81227814A DD 22781481 A DD22781481 A DD 22781481A DD 156537 A5 DD156537 A5 DD 156537A5
- Authority
- DD
- German Democratic Republic
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- item
- polychelate
- chelate
- base body
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- NLDYACGHTUPAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracyanoethylene Chemical group N#CC(C#N)=C(C#N)C#N NLDYACGHTUPAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- -1 polytetracyanoethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009997 thermal pre-treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical compound O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000457 iridium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WDEQGLDWZMIMJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl 4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound OCC1CC(O)CN1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WDEQGLDWZMIMJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006158 high molecular weight polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012994 industrial processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Pt]Cl CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- CYEWTOYRKOTLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2,3,4,5-tetracarbonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CN=C(C#N)C(C#N)=C1C#N CYEWTOYRKOTLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/60—Deposition of organic layers from vapour phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/50—Processes
- C25B1/55—Photoelectrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/075—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8006231A GB2070039A (en) | 1980-02-25 | 1980-02-25 | Semi-conducting N4-chelate Electrode Coating |
| GB8006230A GB2070038A (en) | 1980-02-25 | 1980-02-25 | Method of Producing Semi- conducting N4-chelate Electrode Coating |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DD156537A5 true DD156537A5 (de) | 1982-09-01 |
Family
ID=26274603
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DD81227814A DD156537A5 (de) | 1980-02-25 | 1981-02-23 | Elektrode und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4448803A (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP0036709B1 (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BR8106833A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA1185149A (enExample) |
| DD (1) | DD156537A5 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE3166104D1 (enExample) |
| DK (1) | DK469281A (enExample) |
| GR (1) | GR74007B (enExample) |
| IL (1) | IL62207A (enExample) |
| NO (1) | NO813592L (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO1981002432A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4557978A (en) * | 1983-12-12 | 1985-12-10 | Primary Energy Research Corporation | Electroactive polymeric thin films |
| JP2614676B2 (ja) * | 1991-05-10 | 1997-05-28 | 化学技術振興事業団 | 薄膜製造方法と薄膜デバイス |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2980833A (en) * | 1959-06-01 | 1961-04-18 | Monsanto Chemicals | Point contact rectifier device |
| US3405101A (en) * | 1964-06-15 | 1968-10-08 | Monsanto Co | Pyromellitonitrile/ammonia reaction products |
| US3410727A (en) * | 1965-01-08 | 1968-11-12 | Allis Chalmers Mfg Co | Fuel cell electrodes having a metal phthalocyanine catalyst |
| DE1671907A1 (de) * | 1967-11-16 | 1972-03-09 | Siemens Ag | Elektroden fuer Brennstoffelemente und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
| DE2035918A1 (de) * | 1970-02-13 | 1971-08-26 | Bitterfeld Chemie | Elektrode fur elektrolytische Zwecke sowie Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
| DE2128842C3 (de) * | 1971-06-11 | 1980-12-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Brennstoffelektrode für elektrochemische Brennstoffelemente |
| DE2326667C3 (de) * | 1973-05-25 | 1982-01-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Verfahren zur Aktivierung von Katalysatoren für Elektroden in elektrochemischen Zellen |
| CA1088149A (en) * | 1976-06-15 | 1980-10-21 | Gerda M. Kohlmayr | Method of fabricating a fuel cell electrode |
| US4094893A (en) * | 1976-11-24 | 1978-06-13 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Isonitrile intercalation complexes |
| US4179350A (en) * | 1978-09-05 | 1979-12-18 | The Dow Chemical Company | Catalytically innate electrode(s) |
-
1981
- 1981-02-06 CA CA000370266A patent/CA1185149A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-02-23 WO PCT/US1981/000217 patent/WO1981002432A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1981-02-23 BR BR8106833A patent/BR8106833A/pt unknown
- 1981-02-23 DD DD81227814A patent/DD156537A5/de unknown
- 1981-02-23 GR GR64219A patent/GR74007B/el unknown
- 1981-02-23 US US06/315,852 patent/US4448803A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1981-02-24 IL IL62207A patent/IL62207A/xx unknown
- 1981-02-24 EP EP81300761A patent/EP0036709B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-02-24 DE DE8181300761T patent/DE3166104D1/de not_active Expired
- 1981-10-23 NO NO813592A patent/NO813592L/no unknown
- 1981-10-23 DK DK469281A patent/DK469281A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GR74007B (enExample) | 1984-06-06 |
| DE3166104D1 (en) | 1984-10-25 |
| IL62207A (en) | 1984-07-31 |
| BR8106833A (pt) | 1981-12-22 |
| EP0036709B1 (en) | 1984-09-19 |
| EP0036709A2 (en) | 1981-09-30 |
| DK469281A (da) | 1981-10-23 |
| IL62207A0 (en) | 1981-03-31 |
| NO813592L (no) | 1981-10-23 |
| WO1981002432A1 (en) | 1981-09-03 |
| CA1185149A (en) | 1985-04-09 |
| EP0036709A3 (en) | 1981-10-28 |
| US4448803A (en) | 1984-05-15 |
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