CZ279082B6 - Polyolefin coupling and the use thereof for joining polyolefin tubes - Google Patents
Polyolefin coupling and the use thereof for joining polyolefin tubes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CZ279082B6 CZ279082B6 CS921190A CS119092A CZ279082B6 CZ 279082 B6 CZ279082 B6 CZ 279082B6 CS 921190 A CS921190 A CS 921190A CS 119092 A CS119092 A CS 119092A CZ 279082 B6 CZ279082 B6 CZ 279082B6
- Authority
- CZ
- Czechia
- Prior art keywords
- coupling
- polyolefin
- coupler
- pipes
- heating
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims description 70
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims description 70
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 70
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229920003020 cross-linked polyethylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004703 cross-linked polyethylene Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001425800 Pipa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011237 carbonaceous particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011231 conductive filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7373—Joining soiled or oxidised materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C37/00—Component parts, details, accessories or auxiliary operations, not covered by group B29C33/00 or B29C35/00
- B29C37/0078—Measures or configurations for obtaining anchoring effects in the contact areas between layers
- B29C37/0082—Mechanical anchoring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C61/00—Shaping by liberation of internal stresses; Making preforms having internal stresses; Apparatus therefor
- B29C61/06—Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory
- B29C61/0608—Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory characterised by the configuration or structure of the preforms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C61/00—Shaping by liberation of internal stresses; Making preforms having internal stresses; Apparatus therefor
- B29C61/06—Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory
- B29C61/0608—Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory characterised by the configuration or structure of the preforms
- B29C61/0625—Preforms comprising incorporated or associated heating means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1464—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
- B29C65/1467—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators at the same time, i.e. simultaneous welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
- B29C65/22—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip
- B29C65/221—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip characterised by the type of heated wire, resistive ribbon, band or strip
- B29C65/222—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip characterised by the type of heated wire, resistive ribbon, band or strip comprising at least a single heated wire
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
- B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
- B29C65/342—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
- B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
- B29C65/342—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
- B29C65/3432—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding comprising several wires, e.g. in the form of several independent windings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
- B29C65/58—Snap connection
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/66—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses, e.g. shrinking of one of the parts to be joined
- B29C65/68—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses, e.g. shrinking of one of the parts to be joined using auxiliary shrinkable elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/341—Measures for intermixing the material of the joint interlayer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
- B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
- B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
- B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
- B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
- B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
- B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
- B29C66/52297—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising slip-off prevention means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
- B29C66/73751—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being uncured, i.e. non cross-linked, non vulcanized
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
- B29C66/73755—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being fully cured, i.e. fully cross-linked, fully vulcanized
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
- B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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- B29C66/8187—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the electrical insulating constructional aspects
- B29C66/81871—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the electrical insulating constructional aspects of the welding jaws
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- B29C66/91645—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux the heat or the thermal flux being non-constant over time following a heat-time profile by steps
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- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
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- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/24—Pipe joints or couplings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
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Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)
Description
Vynález se týká polyolefinových spojek pro spojování polyolefinových trub a spojování polyolefinových trub těmito spojkami.
Dosavadní stav techniky
Známých spojek se v široké míře používá pro spojování trub až do průměru 355 mm. Takové spojky jsou hrdlového typu a mají vnitřní topné články. Topný článek natavuje vnitřní povrch spojky a protilehlé povrchy trub. Protilehlé povrchy jsou od sebe vzdáleny maximálně 1 až 2 mm v případě menších spojek, avšak rozměr 355 mm vyžaduje hydraulický přípravek na sestavení spojky a trub. V takovém případě je mezera prakticky nulová. Natavené povrchy spolu splynou a vytvoří se svarový spoj mezi každou troubou a spojkou.
Účelem vynálezu je poskytnout spojku, které lze použít speciálně, i když nikoliv výlučně, ke spojování trub velkého průměru, například trub o průměru 500 mm nebo větším.
V americkém patentovém spise číslo 4 775501 /Raychem Corporation/ a v evropském patentovém spise číslo 0 19759 /Raychem Corporation/ se popisuje způsob spojování polyethylenových trúb spojkou, tvořenou zesíťovaným polymerem, obsahujícím částicové vodivé plnidlo. Spojka je roztažena pod její teplotou tavení /120 °C/. K regeneraci pro spojení s troubami se spojka zahřívá vedením elektrického proudu spojkou, až dojde k jejímu smrštění na spojované trouby. Spojka a trouby se spojují tavným spojem. Ve dvou příkladech se uvádějí polyethylenové trouby o vnějším průměru 21 mm. Spojka dosahuje své smršťovací teploty ve 30 až 45 sekundách a proud se nechával procházet spojkou ještě po dobu další jedné minuty.
Konce trubek vykázaly smrštění a jejich povrchy byly nataveny. Výsledkem je podstatné snížení světlosti trub a trubek.
V jediném příkladu v evropském patentovém spise číslo 0 197759 mají trouby vnější průměr 21,3 mm a tloušťku stěny 2,8 mm. Podmínky ohřevu jsou stejné jako podle amerického patentového spisu číslo 4 775501. V uvedeném evropském patentovém spise nejsou žádné výkresy.
Spojky, uváděné v patentových spisech shora uvedených /Raychem Corporation/ musí být elektricky vodivé a aby se toho dosáhlo, obsahuje materiál uhlíkaté částice v koncentraci, zaručující elektrickou vodivost. Je známo, že tak vysoký obsah uhlíkatých částic může způsobit narušení žádoucích mechanických vlastností základního polymeru.
-1CZ 279082 B6
Podstata vynálezu
Podstatou vynálezu jsou spojky z polymerního materiálu, které nejsou elektricky vodivé. Schopnost smršťovací paměti je aktivována odděleně identifikovatelným zdrojem tepla, například vedením z topného článku, vytvořeného odporovým drátem, nebo radiací optického nebo infračerveného zdroje.
Podle vynálezu sestává spojka ke spojování trub z dutého tělesa s otevřeným koncem z nevodivého zesíťovaného polyolefinu, které bylo radiálně rozšířeno čili expandováno tak, že před zahříváním má spojka první nejmenší vnitřní průměr a po zahřívání má spojka druhý nejmenší vnitřní průměr, který je menší než první nejmenší vnitřní průměr.
Způsob spojování trub z polyolefinového materiálu navzájem podle vynálezu je založen na tom, že se uspořádají k sobě svými konci a spojka se smrští a protilehlý vnitřní povrch spojky a vnější koncové povrchy trub se zahřejí na teplotu svařování, přičemž spojka se zahřeje světelnou nebo infračervenou radiací z prostředků, uspořádaných po obvodě kolem spojky.
Spojka může mít topný článek nebo topné články, jimiž může procházet elektrický proud.
Jestliže se použije spojky tohoto typu, je způsob stejný, jako shora uvedeno, spojka je však zahřívána topnými články.
Provedení podle vynálezu je podrobně objasněno na prakticpříkladech provedení a pomocí připojených obrázků. Na obr. svislý řez horní polovinou spojky podle prvního provedení, trub. Na obr. 2 je zvětšený
1. Na obr. 3 je svislý řez horní polovinou provedeného obr. 4 je svislý řez obr. 5 a 6 je příčný uspořádané kolem dvou 7 je řez, odpovídající znázorňující provedený spoj za použití spojky, znázorněné 5 a 6.
kých 1 je jež obklopuje konce dvou spojovaných řez z obr.
spoje s použitím spojky podle obr. 1. Na horní polovinou modifikované spojky. Na a podéilný řez druhého provedení spojky, trub v poloze jejich Spojování Na obr. obr. 2, na obr.
Následující příklady objasňují vynález na případu spojek z polyethylenu, vynález je však použitelný i pro jiné polyolefiny, například pro polypropylen a pro polybutylen.
Příklady provedení vynálezu
Spojka podle prvního provedení podle vynálezu je zhotovena ze 100 mm dlouhé trouby ze zesíťovaného polyethylenu společnosti Wirsbo Bruks AB, Virsbo, Švédsko, s vnitřním průměrem jen o málo menším než vnější průměr 90 mm trouby z nezesíťovaného polyethylenu, určené ke spojování. Vnější průměr spojky je 110 mm a tloušťka stěny 10 mm. Do vnějšího i vnitřního povrchu je vyříznut šroubovicový závit, aby byly povrchy vroubkované. Stoupání závitu je 2 mm a hloubka vroubku je rovněž 2 mm.
Na vnější povrch je navinut pocínovaný měděný drát s celkovým odporem 2,25 ohm. Ten tvoří topný článek. Článek možno provést různými /neznázorněnými/ způsoby. Například drát může být
-2CZ 279082 B6 navinut ve šroubové drážce na vnější straně velmi tenkého válcového dutého dílu z polyethylenu, takže závity vinutí jsou velmi těsně uspořádány u vnitřního povrchu dílu. Po navinutí článku může být kolem vnějšího povrchu dílu vytvořen vstřikováním vnější plášť. Tento způsob zhotovování spojek je popsán v britském patentovém spise číslo 2 090558 B.
Podle jiného provedení je topný článek ve šroubové drážce, vyříznuté do vnitřního povrchu úseku trouby. Vnější povrch není závitem opatřen. Při dalším způsobu provedení, který je zvlášť vhodný, pokud jde o tlustší spojky, je použito dvou topných článků, navinutých jak na vnějším, tak na vnitřním povrchu spojky.
Úsek trouby se dále roztáhne /expanduje/ k vytvoření spojky. K tomu se používá například hydraulicky ovládaného expandéru typu, dodávaného společností Pípě Equipment Limited, tak, aby vůle mezi vnitřním nejmenším průměrem trouby a vnějším povrchem polyethylenových trub, určených ke spojováni, byla 2 až 3 mm. Rozšíření čili expanze se může provádět za teploty okolí nebo za zvýšené teploty přibližně až do 120 °C. Po rozšíření za zvýšené teploty se spojka rychle ochladí například ve vodě. Alternativně může být spojka rozšířena například použitím expandéru typu, dodávaného společností Jointkit Limited.
Na obr. 1 a 2 je spojka 10, sestavená se dvěma polyethylenovými troubami 12, 14, uspořádanými konci k sobě k jejich vzájemnému spojení. Šroubový vnější závit 16 nese topný článek 18, navinutý na vroubkovaném vnějším povrchu. Vnitřní závit 20 je také znázorněn s mezerou 22 mezi vnitřním nejmenším průměrem spojky a vnějším povrchem trouby 14,. K aktivaci topného článku 18 se používá elektrického proudu ze zdroje o napětí 40 V. Používá se časových impulsů a teplota vnějšího povrchu jedné z trub 12, 14 je sledována termočlánky. Pulsování brání překročení vnější teploty spojky nad 260 °C. Vnější povrch trouby trvale vzrůstá a když se dosáhne 140 °C, proud se vypne. Po vychladnutí se spojka a trouby rozřežou za účelem vyzkoušení stavu svařovaného spoje.
Trouby 12, 14, spojené spojkou 10, .-se podrobují zkoušce za podmínek zkoušky při 80 °C. To znamená, že vnitřně působí hydrostatický tlak k vyvození napětí ve stěně trouby 4 MPa, přičemž sestava je ponořena ve vodě, udržované na teplotě 80 °C. Pro troubu SDR11 je tento hydrostatický tlak 0,8 MPa. V současné době prodělává sestava 650 hodin zkušebních podmínek bez úniku. Celá zkouška byla úspěšně ukončena po 1000 hodinách bez úniku.
Jak patrno z obr. 3, smrští se spojka 10 na troubě 12, 14 úplně, takže se vymezí původní vůle 22 a vroubkovaný vnitřní povrch spojky 10 vnikne do původních vnějších povrchů trub 12, 14, čímž mechanicky utěsní spojované povrchy, v místech 24., 26., 28 a 30 je patrno určité napěchování stěn trub 12, 14.
Před svařením se povrchy trub neupravují, takže původní vnější povrchy nesou původní oxidovanou vrstvu. Spojka 10 úspěšně touto oxidovanou vrstvou proniká v průběhu vytváření tavného svarového spoje.
-3CZ 279082 B6
Při modifikaci mohou být vroubky na vnitřním povrchu vypuštěny a konce trubek musí být potom obvyklým způsobem očištěny dříve, než jsou vytvářeny svarové spoje mezi protilehlými válcovými povrchy trub a spojky.
Na obr. 4 je modifikovaný tvar spojky 10. Podle tohoto provedení je kromě topného článku 18, navinutého na vnějším povrchu, druhý topný článek, navinutý na vnitřním povrchu a držený v poloze vnitřními zoubky 20 vnitřního závitu. Tohoto druhého topného článku 32 se používá tehdy, když tloušťka spojky by jinak vyžadovala nadměrné teplotní gradienty ve stěně spojky a dlouhodobý ohřev, než by došlo k prohřátí vnitřního povrchu na teplotu svařování.
Λ
Ohřevem stěny z obou stran je spojka vystavena rychlejšímu ohřevu a rychleji získá svařovací teplotu na vnitřním povrchu.U spojky o průměru 500 mm, kde je například standardní rozměrový poměr 17, je tloušťka stěny přibližně 30 mm a u SDR11 je tloušťka stěny přibližně 46 mm. U spojek jakéhokoliv rozměru o tloušťce řekněme 30 mm a větší je výhodné použití dvou topných článků.
Podle další neznázorněné modifikace může mít spojka pouze jeden topný článek, uspořádaný podobně jako právě popsaný topný článek 32.
Provedení spojky 40, znázorněné na obr. 5 až 7, je podobné jako v případě spojky 10 s tou výjimkou, že šroubová drážka je vyříznuta do vnějšího povrchu bez aplikace topného článku na povrchu.
U trub 12, 14, sestavených se spojkou 40 podle obr. 5 a 6, je spojka 40 zahřívána radiací osmi 150 W lamp 42, zabudovaných v reflektorech.
Teplota spojky a teplota vnějšího povrchu trouby se sledují podobně, jako shora uvedeno. Při vypnutí lamp teplota vnějšího povrchu trouby je trvale 140 °C. Spojka 40 se stane opticky čirou, jakmile dosáhne své vlastní teploty tavení, což umožní lepší pronikání světla k povrchům trub a-přestup tepla zářením je účinnější. Na obr. 7 je dokončený spoj mezi dvěma troubami 12 a 14. Popsané obr. nejsou v měřítku. Zesíťovaný polyethylen má vlastnost dosahování rozmezí teploty tavení krystalů polyethylenu bez tečení. Jeho molekulární struktura je trojrozměrnou sítí, která určuje chování kaučukovité látky nad teplotu jejího tavení. V této fázi se vytvářejí svarové spoje s nezesilovaným povrchem polyethylenu.
Expanze zesíťované spojky propůjčuje spojce charakteristiku smršťování teplem, která může zlepšovat kvalitu svarových spojů tím, že je vynechána nutnost oškrabání povrchu trub před tavením. Taková úprava povrchu je důležitou, avšak časově náročnou operací při běžném elektrickém tavení. Tepelně smrštěná spojka ze zesilovaného polyolefinu má vroubkovaný vnitřní povrch, který nataví povrch trouby a pronikne oxidovanou vnější slupkou trouby a vytvoří svarový spoj s materiálem, ležícím pod touto slupkou.
Vynález je použitelný pro spojky větších rozměrů, například pro spojky o průměru 500 mm a pro větší spojky. Takové spojky by
-4CZ 279082 B6 mohly být z běžné polyethylenové trouby, která se ozáří paprsky gama k dosažení vhodné míry zesíťování. Alternativně se mohou spojky speciálně lisovat použitím polyethylenu, vhodného k lisování a zesilovány chemicky /například ve formě/ k získání konečné zesítěné spojky.
Ohřevu se dosahuje pomocí elektrických topných článků nebo pomocí lamp nebo infračervených ohřívačů. Zkrácení doby ohřevu se dá dosáhnout předehřátím spojky /například na 100 °C/ zapnutím topného článku nebo topných článků nebo zahřátím spojky v peci, například před nasazením na trouby.
Průmyslová využitelnost
Polyolefinová spojka vhodná pro spojování polyolefinových trub.
Claims (5)
1. Polyolefinová spojka pro spojování trub, vyznačuj ící se tím, že sestává z dutého tělesa s otevřeným koncem z nevodivého zesilovaného polyolefinového materiálu, který je radiálně expandován, přičemž před ohřátím má spojka nejmenší vnitřní průměr a po ohřátí má druhý nejmenší vnitřní průměr, menší než první nejmenší průměr.
2. Polyolefinová spojka pro spojování trub podle nároku 1, vyznačující se tím, že vnitřní povrch tělesa je vroubkovaný.
3. Polyolefinová spojka pro spojování trub podle nároku 1 nebo 2, vyznačující se tím, že má topný článek nebo topné články k elektrickému ohřevu.
4. Polyolefinová spojka pro spojování trub podle nároku 3, vyznačující se tím, že topný článek je ve šroubové drážce ve vnitřním povrchu spojky.
5. Polyolefinová spojka pro spojování trub podle nároku 3, vyznačující se tím, že má dva topné články, jeden ve šroubové drážce na vnějším povrchu a druhý ve šroubové drážce na vnitřním povrchu.
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CS119092A3 CS119092A3 (en) | 1992-11-18 |
CZ279082B6 true CZ279082B6 (en) | 1994-12-15 |
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GB8805911D0 (en) * | 1988-03-12 | 1988-04-13 | Victaulic Plc | Process for jointing of polyolefin bodies |
GB8926294D0 (en) * | 1989-11-21 | 1990-01-10 | British Gas Plc | Method of jointing hollow members by fusion |
US5125690A (en) * | 1989-12-15 | 1992-06-30 | Metcal, Inc. | Pipe joining system and method |
-
1991
- 1991-04-24 GB GB9109123A patent/GB2255041B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-03-19 DE DE69216279A patent/DE69216279D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-03-19 DE DE69216279T patent/DE69216279T4/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-03-19 ES ES92302356T patent/ES2099208T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-03-19 EP EP92302356A patent/EP0510803B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-04-10 TR TR00393/92A patent/TR28690A/xx unknown
- 1992-04-14 YU YU38692A patent/YU48662B/sh unknown
- 1992-04-17 CZ CS921190A patent/CZ279082B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-04-17 SK SK1190-92A patent/SK278475B6/sk unknown
- 1992-04-22 HU HU9201344A patent/HU214065B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-04-23 CA CA002066919A patent/CA2066919C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-04-23 PL PL92294313A patent/PL169226B1/pl unknown
- 1992-04-23 JP JP4103302A patent/JP2770643B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-04-24 US US07/873,270 patent/US5328210A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-04-02 GR GR970400692T patent/GR3023020T3/el unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0510803B1 (en) | 1997-01-02 |
DE69216279D1 (de) | 1997-02-13 |
GB2255041B (en) | 1995-04-19 |
DE69216279T2 (de) | 1997-08-21 |
ES2099208T3 (es) | 1997-05-16 |
GB9109123D0 (en) | 1991-06-12 |
HU214065B (en) | 1997-12-29 |
DE69216279T4 (de) | 1998-03-05 |
TR28690A (tr) | 1997-01-08 |
US5328210A (en) | 1994-07-12 |
PL294313A1 (cs) | 1993-02-08 |
JP2770643B2 (ja) | 1998-07-02 |
GR3023020T3 (en) | 1997-07-30 |
GB2255041A (en) | 1992-10-28 |
SK278475B6 (en) | 1997-07-09 |
PL169226B1 (pl) | 1996-06-28 |
CA2066919C (en) | 1997-05-06 |
EP0510803A3 (en) | 1993-08-18 |
EP0510803A2 (en) | 1992-10-28 |
YU48662B (sh) | 1999-06-15 |
YU38692A (sh) | 1995-10-03 |
HU9201344D0 (en) | 1992-07-28 |
JPH05133494A (ja) | 1993-05-28 |
CA2066919A1 (en) | 1992-10-25 |
CS119092A3 (en) | 1992-11-18 |
HUT64614A (en) | 1994-01-28 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
IF00 | In force as of 2000-06-30 in czech republic | ||
MM4A | Patent lapsed due to non-payment of fee |
Effective date: 20030417 |