PL169226B1 - Lacznik do laczenia rur z nieusieciowanego materialu poliolefinowego PL PL PL - Google Patents

Lacznik do laczenia rur z nieusieciowanego materialu poliolefinowego PL PL PL

Info

Publication number
PL169226B1
PL169226B1 PL92294313A PL29431392A PL169226B1 PL 169226 B1 PL169226 B1 PL 169226B1 PL 92294313 A PL92294313 A PL 92294313A PL 29431392 A PL29431392 A PL 29431392A PL 169226 B1 PL169226 B1 PL 169226B1
Authority
PL
Poland
Prior art keywords
coupler
pipes
pipe
polyolefine
tubes
Prior art date
Application number
PL92294313A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
PL294313A1 (pl
Inventor
Trevor G Stafford
Lindsay Ewing
Original Assignee
British Gas Plc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by British Gas Plc filed Critical British Gas Plc
Publication of PL294313A1 publication Critical patent/PL294313A1/xx
Publication of PL169226B1 publication Critical patent/PL169226B1/pl

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7373Joining soiled or oxidised materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C37/00Component parts, details, accessories or auxiliary operations, not covered by group B29C33/00 or B29C35/00
    • B29C37/0078Measures or configurations for obtaining anchoring effects in the contact areas between layers
    • B29C37/0082Mechanical anchoring
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C61/00Shaping by liberation of internal stresses; Making preforms having internal stresses; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C61/06Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory
    • B29C61/0608Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory characterised by the configuration or structure of the preforms
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C61/00Shaping by liberation of internal stresses; Making preforms having internal stresses; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C61/06Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory
    • B29C61/0608Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory characterised by the configuration or structure of the preforms
    • B29C61/0625Preforms comprising incorporated or associated heating means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1464Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
    • B29C65/1467Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators at the same time, i.e. simultaneous welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/22Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip
    • B29C65/221Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip characterised by the type of heated wire, resistive ribbon, band or strip
    • B29C65/222Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip characterised by the type of heated wire, resistive ribbon, band or strip comprising at least a single heated wire
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • B29C65/3432Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding comprising several wires, e.g. in the form of several independent windings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/58Snap connection
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/66Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses, e.g. shrinking of one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/68Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses, e.g. shrinking of one of the parts to be joined using auxiliary shrinkable elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/341Measures for intermixing the material of the joint interlayer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52297Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising slip-off prevention means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73751General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being uncured, i.e. non cross-linked, non vulcanized
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73755General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being fully cured, i.e. fully cross-linked, fully vulcanized
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8187General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the electrical insulating constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81871General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the electrical insulating constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

1. Lacznik do laczenia rur z nieusie- ciowanego materialu poliolefinowego, który stanowi pusty wewnatrz czlon o koncach otwartych, jest wykonany z tworzywa ciepl- nie odtwarzalnego, a jego konce sa rozsze- rzone promieniowo tak, ze srednica we- wnetrzna lacznika jest wieksza niz srednica zewnetrzna laczonych rur, znamienny tym, ze lacznik (10, 40) jest wykonany z nieprze- wodzacego usieciowanego materialu polio- lefinowego. F I G. 1 . PL PL PL

Description

Przedmiotem wynalazku jest łącznik do łączenia rur z nieusieciowanego materiału poliolefinowego.
Znane są łączniki rurowe, stosowane do łączenia rur o średnicach do 355 mm. Łączniki takie stanowią rurowe łączniki kielichowe i mają integralne elementy grzejne. Element grzejny topi wewnętrzną powierzchnię łącznika oraz przeciwległe powierzchnie rur. Przeciwległe powierzchnie są ogólnie oddalone od siebie nie więcej niż od 1 mm do 2 mm w wypadku mniejszych rurowych łączników kielichowych, lecz rozmiar rur o średnicy 355 mm wymaga hydraulicznego zakładania łącznika. Odstęp w tym wypadku wynosi zasadniczo zero. Topione powierzchnie łączą się razem, a pomiędzy każdą rurą i łącznikiem powstaje spoina.
Element grzejny można nałożyć różnymi sposobami. Na przykład, może on być nawijany w śrubowym rowku na zewnątrz bardzo cienkiego walcowego członu rurowego z polietylenu, tak aby zwoje tego uzwojenia znajdowały się bardzo blisko wewnętrznej powierzchni tego członu. Po nawinięciu elementu grzejnego, można uformować natryskowo ochronny płaszcz zewnętrzny wokół zewnętrznej powierzchni tego członu. Ten sposób wykonywania łącznika rurowego opisano w brytyjskim opisie patentowym nr 2 090 558 B.
Według innego sposobu, element grzejny umieszcza się w śrubowym rowku, nacinanym na wewnętrznej powierzchni odpowiednio do długości rury. Zewnętrzna powierzchnia nie ma gwintu. Według jeszcze innego sposobu, zwłaszcza kiedy wykorzystuje się grubsze łączniki rurowe, zastosowano dwa elementy grzejne, nawijane w odpowiednich gwintach, naciętych na zewnętrznej i wewnętrznej powierzchni tego łącznika rurowego.
Z opisu patentowego USA nr 4 775 501 i Europejskiego opisu patentowego nr 0 197 759 jest znany łącznik do łączenia rur polietylenowych, wykonany z polimeru usieciowanego, zawierającego ziarnisty wypełniacz przewodzący. Łącznik rurowy zostaje rozszerzony przy temperaturze niższej niż jego temperatura topnienia wynosząca 120°C. Następnie łącznik rurowy powraca do swojego stanu pierwotnego, łącząc rury, przez przepuszczenie prądu elektrycznego poprzez ten łącznik rurowy, tak aby go nagrzać i obkurczyć łącznik na rurach. Łącznik i rury są połączone połączeniem spawanym.
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W dwóch przykładach cytowanych w opisie patentowym USA nr 4 775 501, polietylenowe rury miały zewnętrzną średnicę wynoszącą 21 mm. Łącznik rurowy osiągnął swoją temperaturę kurczenia w przybliżeniu w ciągu od 30 do 45 sekund, a prąd elektryczny przepływał do tego łącznika przez dalszą 1 minutę.
Końcowe odcinki rurowe pokazano jako obkurczone, a końcowe powierzchnie rur wyglądają jak stopione. Wynikiem jest znaczne zmniejszenie średnicy otworu przelotowego rur.
W jednym przykładzie podanym w europejskim opisie patentowym EP 0 197 759, rury mają zewnętrzną średnicę wynoszącą 21,3 mm oraz grubość ściany wynoszącą 2,8 mm. Warunki nagrzewania były takie, jak podano w opisie patentowym USA nr 477 501. W europejskim opisie patentowym nr 0 197 759 nie podano żadnej ilustracji.
Łączniki rurowe podane w opisach patentowych nr 4 775 501 (USA) i 0 197 759 (Europejski) muszą być elektrycznie przewodzące, a zatem są wykonane z materiału zawierającego cząstki węglowe o takim stężeniu, że tworzą tor elektrycznie przewodzący. Wiadomo, że takie duże obciążenia cząstek węglowych mogą powodować pogorszenie potrzebnych właściwości mechanicznych podstawowego polimeru.
Celem wynalazku jest opracowanie łącznika do rur z nieusieciowanego materiału poliolefinowego, pozbawionego wad znanych łączników, stosowanych do łączenia tego rodzaju rur, i który nadaje się do stosowania do rur o dużej średnicy, na przykład 500 mm lub większej.
Łącznik, który stanowi pusty wewnątrz człon o końcach otwartych i który jest wykonany z tworzywa cieplnie odtwarzalnego, a jego końce są rozszerzone promieniowo tak, że średnica wewnętrzna łącznika jest większa niż średnica zewnętrzna łączonych rur, według wynalazku charakteryzuje się tym, że jest wykonany z nieprzewodzącego usieciowanego materiału poliolefinowego.
Wewnętrzna powierzchnia członu łącznika korzystnie ma ząbkowania.
Ponadto łącznik korzystnie ma elementy grzejne, przystosowane do zasilania elektrycznego.
Elementy grzejne są umieszczone korzystnie w spiralnym rowku na wewnętrznej powierzchni łącznika.
Łącznik według wynalazku w innym wariancie ma podwójne elementy grzejne, przy czym pierwsze elementy grzejne są umieszczone w spiralnym rowku na zewnętrznej powierzchni łącznika, a drugie elementy grzejne są umieszczone w spiralnym rowku na wewnętrznej powierzchni łącznika.
Łącznik według wynalazku jest wykonany ze związku polimerowego, który nie jest elektrycznie przewodzący. Cecha pamięci skurczu cieplnego jest aktywowana za pomocą osobno określonego źródła ciepła, na przykład za pomocą przewodzenia od drutowego elementu oporowego lub za pomocą promieniowania od źródła światła widzialnego lub podczerwieni.
Przedmiot wynalazku jest uwidoczniony w przykładzie wykonania na rysunku, na którym fig. 1 przedstawia pionowy przekrój poprzeczny poprzez górną połowę pierwszego przykładu wykonania łącznika rurowego według wynalazku, który został umieszczony wokół końców dwóch rur w położeniu, w którym następuje ich łączenie, fig. 2 - powiększony widok fragmentu objętego okręgiem na fig. 1, fig. 3 - pionowy przekrój poprzeczny poprzez górną połowę wykonanego połączenia, wykorzystującego łącznik rurowy przedstawiony na fig. 1, fig. 4 pionowy przekrój poprzeczny poprzez górną połowę zmodyfikowanego łącznika rurowego według wynalazku, fig. 5 i fig. 6 - odpowiednio przekrój poprzeczny i wzdłużny drugiego przykładu wykonania łącznika rurowego, umieszczonego wokół końców dwóch rur w położeniu, w którym są one łączone, a fig. 7 - widok odpowiednio, jak na fig. 3, wykonanego połączenia, wykorzystującego łącznik rurowy jak na fig. 5 i fig. 6.
Na fig. 1 i fig. 2 przedstawiono łącznik rurowy 10 zestawiony z dwiema rurami polietylenowymi 12, 14, umieszczonymi w położeniu, w którym mają być ze sobą łączone. Śrubowy zewnętrzny gwint 16 pokazano z grzejnym elementem 18, nawiniętym w rowku 17, utworzonym przez sąsiadujące ząbkowanie 19 powierzchni zewnętrznej łącznika. Wewnętrzny gwint 20 tworzy odstęp 22 pomiędzy wewnętrzną najmniejszą średnicę łącznika rurowego 10, a zewnętrzną powierzchnią rury 14. Wewnętrzny gwint 20 tworzy wewnętrzne ząbkowanie 21.
169 226
Element grzejny jest zasilany ze źródła prądu elektrycznego o napięciu 40 V. Zastosowano impulsy zasialające o odmierzanym czasie trwania, natomiast zewnętrzna temperatura łącznika rurowego i temperatura zewnętrznej powierzchni jednej z rur 12, 14 były kontrolowane za pomocą termoelementów. Impulsowanie zapobiegała temu, aby zewnętrzna temperatura łącznika rurowego 10 przekroczyła 260°C. Temperatura powierzchni wewnętrznej rury ciągle rosła dopóty, dopóki nie przekroczyła 140°C, a następnie odłączono zasilanie elektryczne. Po ochłodzeniu, łącznik 10 oraz rury 12, 14 przecięto i stwierdzono, że została utworzona prawidłowa zgrzeina.
Połączenia łącznikiem rurowym 10 rur 12, 14 zostały poddane warunkom próby 80°C. Oznacza to, że wewnętrznie zastosowano ciśnienie hydrostatyczne, takie jak wytwarza naprężenie ściany rury wynoszące 4 MPa podczas zanurzania zestawu w kąpieli wodnej o temperaturze 80°C. Dla rury o standardowym stosunku wymiarów wynoszącym 11, ta próba hydrostatyczna była równoważna wewnętrznemu ciśnieniu 8 barów. Zestaw ten pomyślnie wytrzymał przez 650 godzin warunki próby bez przecieku.
Pokazany na fig. 3 łącznik rurowy 10 obkurczył się na rurach 12,14, przy czym całkowicie zajął pierwotny odstęp 22, natomiast ząbkowania 19 ząbkowanej wewnętrznej powierzchni łącznika rurowego 10 wchodzą do pierwotnych zewnętrznych powierzchni rur 12, 14 i mechanicznie blokują powierzchnie połączeniowe. W miejscach 24, 26, 28, 30 pokazano pewne spęczenie ścian rur 12, 14.
Nie przeprowadzono żadnego wstępnego przygotowania powierzchni rur przed zgrzewaniem, wobec czego pierwotne wewnętrzne powierzchnie nadal miały pierwotną warstwę utlenioną. Łącznik rurowy 10 przekłuł tę utlenioną warstwę podczas tworzenia topionej zgrzeiny.
Według wariantu rozwiązania łącznika 10, ząbkowanie 21 na wewnętrznej powierzchni mogą być pominięte, jednakże wówczas zakończenia rur muszą być oczyszczone, przez skrobanie zwykłym sposobem, przed wykonaniem zgrzein pomiędzy przeciwległymi czystymi powierzchniami walcowymi rur i łącznika rurowego.
Na fig. 4 przedstawiono zmodyfikowaną postać łącznika rurowego 10. W tym przykładzie wykonania dodatkowo do grzejnego elementu 18, nawiniętego na zewnątrz, zastosowano drugi element grzejny 32, nawinięty na wewnętrznej powierzchni znajdującej się przy ząbkowaniach 19 gwintu 20 i przytrzymywany w miejscu wewnętrznymi ząbkowaniami 21 wewnętrznego gwintu 20. Ten drugi element grzejny 32 wykorzystuje się wtedy, kiedy grubość łącznika rurowego wymagałaby stosowania nadmiernie dużych gradientów temperatury poprzez ściany łącznika oraz długich przedziałów czasu skrośnego nagrzewania tej ściany do temperatury zgrzewania powierzchni wewnętrznej.
Za pomocą nagrzewania ściany po obydwu stronach, łącznik rurowy szybciej nagrzewa się i szyciej osiąga temperaturę zgrzewania na powierzchni wewnętrznej. W łączniku rurowym o średnicy 500 mm, kiedy przykładowo standardowy stosunek wymiarów (SDR) wynosi 17, ściana ma w przybliżeniu grubość 30 mm, natomiast dla standardowego stosunku wymiarów wynoszącego 11 ściana ma w przybliżeniu grubość 46 mm. Dla łączników rurowych o dowolnym rozmiarze, mających ścianę na przykład o grubości 30 mm lub większej, korzystne jest zastosowanie dwóch elementów grzejnych.
Według innej odmiany (nie pokazanej), łącznik rurowy może mieć tylko jeden element grzejny, ustawiony tak jak opisany wyżej element 32.
Inny przykład wykonania łącznika rurowego 40 przedstawiono na fig. 5 do fig. 7, przy czym łącznik ten wykonano sposobem podobnym jak łącznik rurowy 10, z wyjątkiem tego, że nie wykonano żadnego nacięcia śrubowego rowka na zewnętrznej powierzchni oraz nie zastosowano żadnego elementu grzejnego na tej powierzchni.
Rury 12, 14 umieszczono w łączniku 40 jak na fig. 5 i fig. 6, a łącznik 40 nagrzewano za pomocą promieniowania od zestawu ośmiu lamp 42, każda o mocy po 150 W, przy czym lampy miały reflektory.
Podobnie jak poprzednio, zewnętrzna temperatura łącznika rurowego i zewnętrzna temperatura rur były odpowiednio kontrolowane. Temperatura wewnętrznej powierzchni rur stale rosła do 140°C, a po jej osiągnięciu lampy odłączono. Łącznik rurowy 40 wizualnie był przezroczysty, kiedy osiągnął temperaturę topnienia, przez co umożliwiał lepsze przepuszczenie
169 226 światła do powierzchni rur i powodował, że przekazywanie ciepła promieniowania było bardziej skuteczne. Na fig. 3 przedstawiono wykonane połączenie pomiędzy dwiema rurami 12 i 14.
Łączniki i rury pokazane na rysunku nie są przedstawione według skali wymiarowej. Podane poniżej przykłady wykonania odnoszą się do łączników rurowych z polietylenu .
Wynalazek ma jednak zastosowanie również do innych poliolefin, na przykład polipropylenu i polibutenu.
W pierwszym wykonaniu, wykonano łącznik rurowy 10 o długości 100 mm w postaci rury z polietylenu usieciowanego, dostarczonej przez firmę Wirsbo Bruks AB, Virsbo, Szwecja, przy czym miał on wewnętrzną średnicę nieco mniejszą niż zewnętrzna średnica rury z polietylenu usieciowanego o średnicy 90 mm, która miała być łączona tym łącznikiem. Łącznik rurowy 10 miał wewnętrzną powierzchnię o średnicy 110 mm oraz grubość ściany 10 mm. Na zewnętrznej i wewnętrznej powierzchni został nacięty śrubowy gwint 16 tworzący ząbkowania 19,20. Skok tego gwintu wynosił 2 mm, a głębokość naciętych ząbków wynosiła 2 mm.
Na zewnętrznej powierzchni nawinięto cynowany drut miedziany o całkowitej rezystancji wynoszącej 2,25 omów, który stanowił element grzejny 18.
Ten łącznik rurowy 10 został rozszerzony za pomocą hydraulicznego ekspandera typu dostarczanego przez firmę Pipe Equipment Limited, tak że odstęp pomiędzy wewnętrzną najmniejszą średnicą łącznika a zewnętrzną powierzchnią rur polietylenowych, które miały być łączone, osiągnął wartość 2-3 mm. Rozszerzanie prowadzono przy temperaturze otoczenia. Po rozszerzeniu w temperaturze podwyższonej w przybliżeniu do 120°C, łącznik rurowy może być na przykład gwałtownie chłodzony wodą. Alternatywnie, łącznik rurowy można rozszerzać na przykład za pomocą ekspandera dostarczanego przez firmę Jointkit Limited.
Usieciowany polietylen ma właściwość osiągania krystalicznego zakresu topnienia dla polietylenu bez płynięcia. Jego struktura cząsteczkowa jest siecią trójwymiarową, która powoduje występowanie właściwości gumowego ciała stałego przy wartościach temperatury przekraczających temperaturę topnienia. W tej fazie polietylen tworzy połączenia zgrzewane z powierzchniami polietylenu nieusieciowanego.
Rozszerzanie usieciowanego łącznika rurowego nadaje mu właściwość skurczu cieplnego . co może poprawiać jakość zgrzeiny przez to, że nie ma potrzeby skrobania końcowej powierzchni rurowej przed łączeniem zgrzewającym. Takie przygotowanie powierzchni jest istotnym. lecz czasochłonnym aspektem konwencjonalnego topienia elektrycznego. Usieciowany łącznik rurowy 10, 40 cieplnie obkurczony ma wewnętrzną powierzchnię, która posiada ząbkowania 21 , 41 i która topi powierzchnię rury 12, 14 i przechodzi poprzez utlenioną warstewkę rury . aby tworzyć zgrzewane połączenie z materiałem rury.
Wynalazek ma zastosowanie do łączenia rur o większych rozmiarach, na przykład o średnicy 500 mm i większej. Takie łączniki rurowe wykonuje się z konwencjonalnej rury polietylenowej, która została następnie napromieniowana przy zastosowaniu promieniowania gamma, aby uzyskać odpowiedni potem usieciowania. Alternatywnie, łączniki rurowe mogą być specjalnie formowane przy zastosowaniu polietylenu gatunku formowalnego . na przykład w formie, aby otrzymywać wyrób finalny w postaci usieciowanego, poliolefinowego łącznika rurowego.
Nagrzewanie przeprowadza się za pomocą elektrycznych elementów grzejnych lub przy zastosowaniu lamp i promienników podczerwieni. Skrócony czas nagrzewania osiąga się za pomocą wstępnego nagrzewania łącznika rurowego, na przykład do 100°C i za pomocą włączania elementu grzejnego względnie za pomocą nagrzewania łącznika rurowego w piecu, przed założeniem go na rury.
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FIC. 6.
L-^-42
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Claims (5)

  1. Zastrzeżenia patentowe
    1. Łącznik do łączenia rur z nieusieciowanego materiału poliolefinowego, który stanowi pusty wewnątrz człon o końcach otwartych, jest wykonany z tworzywa cieplnie odtwarzalnego, a jego końce są rozszerzone promieniowo tak, że średnica wewnętrzna łącznika jest większa niż średnica zewnętrzna łączonych rur, znamienny tym, że łącznik (10, 40) jest wykonany z nieprzewodzącego usieciowanego materiału poliolefinowego.
  2. 2. Łącznik według zastrz. 1, znamienny tym, że wewnętrzna powierzchnia członu łącznika (10,40) ma ząbkowania (21,41).
  3. 3. Łącznik według zastrz. 1 albo 2, znamienny tym, że ma elementy grzejne (18, 32),przystosowane do zasilania elektrycznego.
  4. 4. Łącznik według zastrz. 3, znamienny tym, że ma elementy grzejne (32) umieszczone w spiralnym rowku (19) na wewnętrznej powierzchni łącznika (10).
  5. 5. Łącznik według zastrz. 3, znamienny tym, że ma podwójne elementy grzejne (18,32), przy czym pierwsze elementy grzejne (18) są umieszczone w spiralnym rowku (17) na zewnętrznej powierzchni łącznika (10), a drugie elementy grzejne (32) są umieszczone w spiralnym rowku (19) na wewnętrznej powierzchni łącznika (10).
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DE69216279T2 (de) 1997-08-21
GR3023020T3 (en) 1997-07-30
CZ279082B6 (en) 1994-12-15
JP2770643B2 (ja) 1998-07-02
EP0510803B1 (en) 1997-01-02
YU38692A (sh) 1995-10-03
EP0510803A3 (en) 1993-08-18
TR28690A (tr) 1997-01-08
GB2255041B (en) 1995-04-19
DE69216279T4 (de) 1998-03-05
YU48662B (sh) 1999-06-15
HU214065B (en) 1997-12-29
CS119092A3 (en) 1992-11-18
US5328210A (en) 1994-07-12
GB9109123D0 (en) 1991-06-12
CA2066919C (en) 1997-05-06
EP0510803A2 (en) 1992-10-28
GB2255041A (en) 1992-10-28
CA2066919A1 (en) 1992-10-25
JPH05133494A (ja) 1993-05-28
SK278475B6 (en) 1997-07-09
DE69216279D1 (de) 1997-02-13
HU9201344D0 (en) 1992-07-28
ES2099208T3 (es) 1997-05-16
PL294313A1 (pl) 1993-02-08
HUT64614A (en) 1994-01-28

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