CN87107492A - 2-(1-戊基-3-胍基)-4-(2-甲基-4-咪唑基)噻唑及其二盐酸盐三水合物结晶的制备方法 - Google Patents
2-(1-戊基-3-胍基)-4-(2-甲基-4-咪唑基)噻唑及其二盐酸盐三水合物结晶的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
- C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D417/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C335/00—Thioureas, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C335/04—Derivatives of thiourea
- C07C335/24—Derivatives of thiourea containing any of the groups, X being a hetero atom, Y being any atom
- C07C335/28—Y being a hetero atom, e.g. thiobiuret
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Thiazole And Isothizaole Compounds (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Cephalosporin Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
用于制备2-(1-戊基-3-胍基)-4-(2-甲基-4-咪唑基)噻唑、前体N-(戊基脒基)硫脲,及所述化合物类似物的胺取代的方法。
2-(1-戊基-3-胍-4-(2-甲基-4-咪唑基)噻唑二盐酸盐三水合物结晶具有优良的性能。
Description
本发明的目的在于2-(1-戊基-3-胍基)-4-(2-甲基-4-咪唑基)噻唑及其类似物的便利制备方法,本发明的目的还在于其具有优良性质的二盐酸盐水合物结晶。
Reiter在美国专利4,560,690中揭示了对于抗溃疡作用有价值的2-(1-戊基-3-胍基)-4-(2-甲基-4-咪唑基)噻唑和各种类似物。在该专利中,作者还详述了药用组合物及用这些化合物抑制溃疡的方法,这些内容也包括在本文中以供参考。
Reiter用下列反应图示制备上述标题化合物:
(接下页)
式中R为苄基或(C1~C5)烷基,R1为(C1~C5)烷基。通常,产品以它的二氢溴酸盐的形式分离,并可经它的游离碱形式转化成较好的二盐酸盐。这条反应路线要使用有毒试剂二氰胺钠及硫化氢,因而存在环境保护的问题。尤其是大量剩余的硫化氢(或另一种情况,在压力下用硫化氢)存在的特殊问题,限制了生产规模,这条老的反应路线还缺少适应性,而该适应性是完成式Ⅰ所述各个化合物整个合成步骤所必需的。
本发明的目的是公开非常适应于制备式(Ⅰ)化合物的反应路线,该路线使用了无前例的能催化胺交换反应的酸,从而避免了使用有毒的二氰胺钠和硫化氢,该反应是在没有溶剂或在对反应呈惰性的溶剂存在下,通过胺RNH2与2-胍基-4-(2-烷基-4-咪唑基)-噻唑(式Ⅲ)反应,直接生成式Ⅰ化合物,或使RNH2胺与式Ⅳ)反应,生成N-取代的脒基硫脲(式Ⅱ),
其中的定义同上。
本发明较好的实施例之一是,在没有溶剂或在对反应呈惰性的一种或多种溶剂(最如在过量的胺)中,将式Ⅲ的酸式盐(如二盐酸盐)与至少1摩尔量的胺反应,直接生成式(Ⅰ)相应的酸式盐。
本发明第二个较好的实施例中,脒基硫脲与至少1摩尔量的胺RNH2在对反应呈惰性的溶剂(如低级链烷醇)中,于过量摩尔的酸(通常为乙酸)存在下进行反应。
“对反应呈惰性的溶剂”是指此溶剂不与起始原料、中间体或产品相互作用,在某种意义上讲,这类溶剂对于所需产品的产率没有不利的影响。(C1~C5)烷基是指含有1~5个碳原子的直链或支链的烷基。较好的R1是甲基;较好的R2是苄基、戊基和2-甲基丁基。
本发明还涉及2-(1-戊基-3-胍基-4-咪唑基)-噻唑二盐酸盐三水合物结晶,此结晶比上面Reiter制备的无水二盐酸盐具有明显的优越性,无水二盐酸盐为非晶形的,不易纯化,并且其性能通常不适合配方及作为药剂用于人类。
本发明的方法容易实施。当产品直接为脒基硫脲衍生物(Ⅰ)时,使用分离出的化合物(Ⅲ)的一或二酸式盐,这样也就提供了所需酸性催化剂的来源,所以反应容易完成。酸性催化剂可以是强酸(如HBr、HCl、PCH3C6H4SO3H)或弱酸(如CH3COOH,NH4Cl),最好使用(Ⅲ)的二盐酸盐。该盐与至少1摩尔量的胺RNH2加热,加热温度通常适当高于环境温度,本发明对于反应温度没有严格的要求,在50~150℃范围通常是令人满意的,最好在95~115℃。采用高于胺的沸点温度,必需在压力下进行反应。反应可在作为稀释剂的对反应呈惰性的溶剂存在下有选择地进行,但是最好在没有反应溶剂仅在过量胺(如5-20摩尔量)存在下进行反应。
起始化合物(Ⅲ)可按照Lamattina等在美国专利4,374,843中的方法方便地制得。Lamattina等报导,当R1是甲基时,化合物(Ⅲ)以它的一氢溴酸盐的形式分离。最好是按Cue的欧洲专利申请178,123(1986年4月公布)的方法将其制成二氢溴酸盐,此二氢溴酸盐经它的游离碱形式能容易地转变成其它的酸式盐,如目前较好的二盐酸盐。
当本方法的产品是中间体N-取代的脒基硫脲衍生物(Ⅱ)时,胺交换反应可在基本上相同的条件下进行,不过最好采用低于上述提到的一般令人满意的温度范围(即50-90℃),通常与市场上可以买到的脒基硫脲(Ⅳ)的“游离碱”形式反应,反应在至少1摩尔量的各个胺RNH2和酸(通常为乙酸)存在下,最好在作为稀释剂的对反应呈惰性的溶剂(如乙醇)存在下进行。
上述的胺交换反应通常可以通过TLC(薄层层析)和HPLC(高效液相色谱)等标准方法来检测。中间体(Ⅱ)可按上述示意图Reiter的方法转变成脒基硫脲衍生物。
本发明的2-(1-戊基-3-胍基)-4-(2-甲基-4-咪唑基)噻唑二盐酸盐三水合物结晶,通常是在0~50℃,从稀释的盐酸水溶液中结晶得到,稀释的盐酸水溶液是有选择地用与水能混溶的有机溶剂(如乙腈)稀释而得。如果需要的话,可以在同样的温度范围从含水的溶剂(如水/乙腈)中重结晶。在温度低于50℃和环境压力下,该三水合物是稳定的并且保持三水合物结晶的形式。在高于50℃温度(如在70℃和环境压力)时,会渐渐失去水合水,但是在环境温度和相对高的湿度下保存时,容易吸水。用差示扫描测热法证明,三水合物在107-109℃具有强的吸热性。
通过下列实施例进行举例说明,但不应将其看作是对本发明的限制,在本发明范围和实质内容之内,下列实例可以进行许多变化。
实例1
2-(1-戊基-3-胍基)-4-(2-甲基-4-咪唑基)噻唑二盐酸盐三水合物
方法A
向装有回流冷凝管、温度计和机械搅拌的50毫升三颈圆底烧瓶中加入戊胺(15.0克,172毫摩尔)和2-胍基-4-(2-甲基-4-咪唑基)噻唑二盐酸盐(10.0克,23.8毫摩尔)。在氮气流下将该粘稠的淤浆状物加热至回流(104℃),在约90℃反应混合物变成均相,加热回流19小时,经TLC和HPLC分析表明反应已经完全。该粘稠的棕色淤浆状物冷却到50℃,然后加入130毫升丙酮,接着加入12毫升浓HCl。固体开始沉淀,淤浆状物冷至室温,使其粒化1小时。过滤近于纯白色的固体并用丙酮洗涤,然后在环境温度空气干燥,得到干燥的粗制固体,重6.93克(收率48.8%)。
粗产品溶于80毫升温热(45℃)的丙酮/水(1∶1)中,并用1.0克活性炭处理,活性炭处理过的溶液通过有硅藻土层的漏斗过滤,然后用11毫升丙酮/水(1∶1)洗涤滤器垫层,将滤液转移到清洁的烧瓶中并置于冰浴冷却,慢慢加入32毫升浓HCl,在约加入20%浓HCl之后析出固体,在加完酸之后,于环境温度下使固体粒化1.0小时。过滤白色固体,用丙酮洗涤,然后空气干燥,得二盐酸盐三水合物结晶(5.85克,总收率41.5%)。用偏光显微镜观察,为针状结晶。差示扫描表明在107-109℃有较强的吸热性质,当不加热于真空干燥时没有变化。
分析:C13H20N6S·(HCl)2·(H2O)3:
计算值:C 37.22;H 6.74;N 20.04;S 7.64;Cl 16.90;H2O 12.87。
实测值:C 36.97;H 6.57;N 19.89;S 7.82;Cl 16.83;H2O 13.32。
产品在高于50℃温度贮存时会失水,例如在70℃保存一周后含水量减至5.69%。在室温及相对湿度84%的环境保存两周重新平衡时,又形成三水合物。
分析测得:C 37.02;H 6.66;N 19.83;H2O 13.45
在65℃真空干燥至恒重时,显微镜观察表明所得无水产品为非晶形的。差示扫描量热计表明在107-109℃不再吸热。
HPLC分析是在微型BONDAPAKC18柱(7.8毫米直径×30厘米)上用UV检测器进行的。洗脱剂含有含水缓冲液和甲醇(1∶1),流速为1毫升/分,缓冲液含有0.05摩尔KH2PO4,0.01摩尔己磺酸钠和0.1%三乙胺,用磷酸调节至pH3.0。
TLC分析是在Merck预涂硅胶层平板(60F-254)上进行的,用甲醇/水/二乙胺洗脱(20∶4∶1)。
化学计算量、反应时间和温度的变化导致下列结果。
变化因素 总收率
胺 酸 温度 时间 粗制品 重结晶物
(摩尔量) (摩尔量) (℃) (小时) (%) (%)
5.1 HCl(2.0) 104 19 48 -
10.0 HCl(2.0) 102 24 38 32
10.0 HCl(2.0) 102-107 19 48 43
17.6 HCl(2.0) 103 17.5 43 -
13.4 HOAca(1.0) 104 32 60 -
13.4 PTSb(1.0) 104 18 61c-
a.乙酸
b.对-甲苯磺酸
c.通过HPLC分析
方法B
按美国专利4,560,690实例5制备非晶形的2-(1-戊基-3-胍基)-4-(2-甲基-4-咪唑基)噻唑二盐酸盐。在50℃将8.1克二氢溴酸盐溶于150毫升水中,于1小时内边搅拌边加入Na2CO3·H2O(8.86克)的80毫升水溶液,在环境温度再搅拌0.5小时后,经过滤回收碱基,并于真空不完全地干燥48小时。将得到的碱基全部放入200毫升丙酮中,经过滤澄清,滤液用3.4毫升12N HCl酸化,并用100毫升新丙酮稀释,经过滤回收并于60℃真空干燥24小时,得6.3克非晶形二盐酸盐。分析C13H20N6S·(HCl)2·0.5H2O:计算值:C 41.71;H 6.19;N 22.45。实测值:C 41.90,41.60;H 6.20,6.23;N 22.55,22.48。将上述产品(3.01克)溶于75毫升水并搅拌,加入0.3克活性炭,混合物搅搂15分钟后过滤,向滤液中加入浓HCl(25毫升),在几分钟内开始结晶,粒化1小时之后,经过滤收集标题化合物结晶,用4毫升水洗涤,空气干燥18小时后得2.9克;含水12.6%,其物理性质同方法A的产品。为了便于干燥,产品可用少量丙酮随意洗涤,或在60毫升CH3CN中再浆化2小时后过滤。
产品可以有选择性地重结晶,将3.4克三水合物溶于34毫升水,温热至50℃,加入CH3CN(180毫升),维持50℃,搅拌混合物,使其慢慢冷至20℃,在32℃时开始结晶,以三水合物形式得到产品(含水12.95%),其物理特性没有变化。
实例2
2-〔1-(2-甲基丁基)-3-胍基〕-4-(2-甲基-4-咪唑基)噻唑
向500毫升三颈圆底烧瓶中加入消旋的2-甲基丁胺(125.0克.1.43摩尔)和2-胍基-4-(2-甲基-4-咪唑基)噻唑二盐酸盐(42.2克,0.143摩尔)。混合物加热到回流(97℃)并很快变成略带紫色的溶液,溶液加热回流19小时,此时经HPLC分析表明反应已经完全。通过常压蒸馏从反应物中除去挥发性物质,然后将冷却的浓缩物(70℃)溶于525毫升丙酮中,在充分搅拌下慢慢加入50毫升浓HCl,结果形成粘稠的淤浆状物(40℃),该混合物冷却至25℃并粒化2小时。过滤固体,用100毫升丙酮洗涤并在环境温度下空气干燥,得到粉红色的固体(36.5克,收率70%)。
粗制的固体溶于丙酮(316毫升)和水(316毫升)中,然后加入2.0克活性炭,搅拌10分钟后经硅藻土过滤,得到黄色滤液。向滤液中慢慢加入浓HCl,产生混浊点,混合物搅拌5分钟,得到粘稠的白色淤浆状物,再加入173毫升浓HCl的残余部份,淤浆状物于25℃粒化1.5小时,过滤固体,用丙酮洗涤,于真空干燥过夜,得到盐酸盐三水合物白色结晶(33.2克),重结晶收率为92%。
实例3
2-(1-苄基-3-胍基)-4-(2-甲基-4-咪唑基)噻唑
用上述实例的方法,将苄胺和2-胍基-4-(2-甲基-4-咪唑基)噻唑二盐酸盐在110℃反应2小时,转变成粗制的标题产品,经HPLC分析,收率为26-44%。
实例4
N-(戊基脒基)硫脲
向配置有机械搅拌、温度计和回流冷凝管的1升三颈圆底烧瓶中加入无水乙醇(180毫升)和戊胺(100.0克.1.15摩尔),该胺溶液置于冰浴上冷却,同时慢慢加入冰乙酸(68.9克,1.15摩尔),加入脒基硫脲(90.37克,0.76摩尔),然后将混合物加热至回流(85℃),回流24小时后,反应溶液经HPLC分析表明,已形成标题产品(72.6%范围)并还有剩余的脒基硫脲(8.5%范围)。
将热水(750毫升)加入上述琥珀色溶液中,过滤后使溶液慢慢冷却至室温,形成粘稠的白色淤浆状物,让其在环境温度粒化30分钟,过滤固体,用水(50毫升)洗涤,接着用己烷(150毫升)洗涤,然后经空气干燥,得粗制的标题产品,为部分乙酸盐,收率约为50%。
粗制产品溶于乙酸乙酯(500毫升),用5%NaHCO3溶液(2×100毫升)洗涤,将乙酸乙酯层干燥,然后加热至回流,加入环己烷(700毫升),使溶液冷至室温,过滤固体,用环己烷洗涤。然后空气干燥,得纯的固体标题产品,熔点102-104℃。
反应可以重复,改变试剂比例、酸催化剂、溶剂、反应时间和温度,得到下列结果:
变化因素 收率
胺 酸 溶剂 时间 温度 HPLC
(摩尔量) (摩尔量) (小时) (℃) 分析 分离得
1.5 HOAcaEtOHb67 85 73 48
(1.5)
1.4 HOAcaEtOHb60 87 67 58
(2.0)
1.0 HOAcaIPOc49 70 51 -
(1.0)
5.0 NH4Cl IPOc55 50 34 -
(2.0)
a.乙酸
b.乙醇
c.异丙醇
实例5
含有效成分2-(1-戊基-3-胍基)-4-(2-甲基-4-咪唑基)噻唑100毫克的胶囊剂
方法A
下列物料以指定的比例(重量)充分地进行混合:
2-(1-戊基-3-胍基)-4-(2-甲基-4-咪唑基)
噻唑 二盐酸
盐三水合物 144.9*
乳糖(无水的) 173.8
淀粉1500 173.8
硬脂酸镁 7.5
*144.9毫克二盐酸盐二水合物相当于100毫克无水游离碱,即100毫克A(100毫克有效成分)
适宜规格的硬质明胶胶囊各装有500毫克上述混合物,这样,每粒胶囊含100毫克有效成分。这些胶囊在要求的条件下贮藏后表明,有效成分有良好的化学和物理稳定性(用标准的溶解方法测定,在水中15分钟释放96%药物)。
用由72.5份(重量)二盐酸盐三水合物,211.2份(重量)无水乳糖和211.2份(重量)淀粉1500及5.1份(重量)硬脂酸镁组成的500毫克混合物,按上述类似方法可以制得含50毫克有效成份的胶囊剂。
Claims (10)
2、按权利要求1的方法,其中R1为甲基,R为戊基、苄基或2-甲基丁基。
3、按权利要求2的方法,该方法在过量摩尔的胺中应用式(Ⅲ)化合物的二盐酸盐。
4、按权利要求3的方法,其中R为戊基。
6、按权利要求5的方法,其中R为戊基。
7、按权利要求6的方法,该方法是在低级链烷醇中应用所述脒基硫脲,并应用至少1摩尔量乙酸或氯化铵作为酸性催化剂。
8、按权利要求7的方法,其中所述酸性催化剂为乙酸,所述溶剂为乙醇。
9、一种制备2-(1-戊基-3-胍基)-4-(2-甲基-4-脒唑基)噻唑二盐酸盐三水合物的方法,其中包括从能与水混溶的有选择的有机溶剂稀释的稀盐酸水溶液中结晶。
10、按权利要求9的方法,其中所述的含水酸是用乙腈稀释。
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PCT/US1986/002307 WO1988003140A1 (en) | 1986-10-29 | 1986-10-29 | Crystalline 2-(1-pentyl-3-guanidino)-4-(2-methyl-4-imidazolyl)thiazole dihydrochloride trihydrate |
USUS86/02308 | 1986-10-29 | ||
USPCT/US86/02307 | 1986-10-29 | ||
PCT/US1986/002308 WO1988003141A1 (en) | 1986-10-29 | 1986-10-29 | Processes for 2-(1-pentyl-3-guanidino)-4-(2-methyl-4-imidazolyl)thiazole and analogs |
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CN100384237C (zh) * | 2004-02-28 | 2008-04-23 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | 音量调整装置及方法 |
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PT86011B (pt) | 1990-08-31 |
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IL84301A (en) | 1992-08-18 |
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