CN211960208U - Tree planting landing structure for greening building roof - Google Patents

Tree planting landing structure for greening building roof Download PDF

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CN211960208U
CN211960208U CN201920064371.4U CN201920064371U CN211960208U CN 211960208 U CN211960208 U CN 211960208U CN 201920064371 U CN201920064371 U CN 201920064371U CN 211960208 U CN211960208 U CN 211960208U
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tree
parking
grid
building
structural
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侯明委
侯德尚
周廷军
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Abstract

A tree planting landing structure for greening a building top plate is characterized in that a tree hole is formed in the building top plate, so that a tree is planted on the ground of a building, and a crown of the tree is exposed out of the top plate to achieve the outdoor greening effect. This structure includes diagonal crossing composite construction and roof tree hole node structure, specifically establishes a structure net and function net or plants the novel composite construction of the diagonal crossing relation of tree net to provide roof tree hole node structure, including prefabricated sleeve, rain-proof cap, water receiving ring dish, overflow honeycomb duct. The utility model discloses broken through current roof greening restriction on economical and reasonable basis, given its environmental value and the ecological benefits that is equivalent to the native greenery patches, make the building sustainable fuse with the afforestation.

Description

Tree planting landing structure for greening building roof
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a tree planting floor structure of building roof afforestation specifically is through diagonal cross composite construction, and it places roof tree hole node structure and makes trees plant in building ground to open the tree hole in the department of planting trees building roof structural layer, and the crown exposes the roof and plays outdoor afforestation effect, belongs to building technical field.
Background
In China, most civil construction projects have the requirements on the specifications of green space rate or local regulations, and meanwhile, taking a parking garage as an example, the building land of the modern society is expanded and simultaneously meets the parking proportion index, so that the green space is reduced, the contradiction between the requirements of the building spaces such as the green land and the parking space is more and more prominent, and the superposition of the green land and the parking space is a necessary choice.
For a high-volume-rate residential area mainly comprising high-rise buildings, most of the land between the buildings is hollowed to be used as an underground parking garage in practice, the upper surface of the residential area is greened by covering soil to meet the requirement that the greening rate of a newly-built community is not lower than 30%, the structural economy and the use reasonableness are limited, the design thickness of the common covering soil is about 1.5 meters according to the covering soil greening standard, the theoretical low limit requirement of tree planting exists, the quality problems of greening growth and sustainability exist, in most areas, after a large tree is grown, an environment effect of luxuriance branches and leaves can be formed only by 3 meters or even thicker soil layers, although the covering soil thickness of the local thickened tree points can be formed, the covering soil layer with more than one meter can only plant small seedlings and maintain small and medium and small tree types for a long time, and the large trees which do not contribute to the high quality of the living environment can grow.
The current practice for the method of landing the trees is limited to a mode, namely, the partial whole span of a structural top plate is reduced to perform sinking greening, soil covering greening is performed on the trees in a mode of using only one layer in space, and except that elevation is reduced to the ground of a basement, the method is not substantially different from parking on the ground, and strictly speaking, the method does not belong to the underground. The shortage of the top plate also reduces the utilization of the top plate soil covering layer and the action space of people, and meanwhile, the entrance of large rainfall also increases the waterproof processing load of the garage. The cross-section shown in figure 1 shows the general design situation of the roof soil-covered greening and partial arbor greening sinking.
Roof afforestation is used the most extensively for kart underground parking garage, because the building subject of roof afforestation is in under the heavy load covers the soil, the reinforced concrete frame structure of column net span about 8 meters is generally all adopted to conventional kart underground parking garage structural design mode, makes the clearance can obtain the trigeminy parking stall after every division of parking area subtracts structural column section size, and this kind of structural system satisfies operation requirements such as reasonable and structural economy and durability of parkking.
According to the building drawing standard, all the marked size units are millimeter mm except the attached condition.
FIG. 2 shows an example of a typical parking garage designed according to the bottom limit of the garage specification, in which the size of a small car back-to-back parking space is 5100 × 2400, the surrounding parking spaces are 5300 × 2400 arranged, 3 parking spaces are 7200 wide as a basic parking unit, and a conventional column network of 7800 × 7800 most economical vertical parking bottom limit is generated by adding a structural column section according to 600 × 600 to form a fire-proof partition 4000m specified by the design specification2The parking garages of other scales can be spliced and adaptively adjusted by the module interval for the limited parking garages.
Fig. 3 is a typical parking garage designed according to the size of a comfortable parking space of a garage rule, and a typical comfortable parking garage with a structure grid of 8100 × 8100 is generated by adopting a comfortable parking space size 5500 × 2500 which is suitable for more vehicle types and reduces parking difficulty, and is a standard specified size required by cities such as Hangzhou, and the like, wherein the size of the vehicle type is 5000-5250 × 1900, and 3 parking spaces are one span. The garage interval of fig. 3 is the same except that the indexes of the size, the building area and the area of a single parking space are larger than those of fig. 2.
As shown in figure 4, the parking unit shown in figure 3 is taken out to analyze the possibility of tree planting falling, the illustration shows that the trees can be planted only in the parking zone of the parking unit, the trees can not be planted in the traffic lane, one of the positions most suitable for digging holes and planting the trees is the connecting line of the structural columns along the length direction of the parking space, the parking position is not influenced, but the connecting line is that the positions of the main beam of the structure and the basic connecting beam can not be dug, the remaining intersection point which can only be used at back-to-back parking spaces under the condition of not increasing the column distance is taken as a tree planting point, the tree diameter of the point meets the distance between a vehicle and a rod 300 when the side length of the section of the structural column is not more than, 2 points are arranged in the middle of each parking unit, but the distance between the two points is 2500 bits wide, for large arbor planting, the distance is too close, one of the main planting points is determined as a main planting point for the convenience of statistical comparison, and the other main planting point can be used as an auxiliary planting point to calculate half points, namely, one unit is 1.5 points. Obviously, trees can only be planted at the intersection points of the parking spaces of the back-to-back parking belts under the grid with the conventional structure, and the whole parking area is only two lines, so that an arbor landscape greening framework is not formed. If the value of the arbor landscape must be increased by the size of the column pitch, the right side diagram of the attached figure 4 is the situation of the tree planting points after the column pitch of one tree diameter is increased, two points except the intersection point of the parking spaces are increased by two tree planting points at the widening zone, 3.5 tree planting points of one parking unit are reached, the direction of the tree column is locally formed, and the row-column tree array with the distance not more than 6 meters still cannot be formed. Meanwhile, columnar obstacles are arranged on two sides of one of the three parking spaces, so that the parking difficulty is high and the parking device is difficult to apply. If another widening band is added between the other two parking spaces, it is not economical and causes more parking difficulties. That is to say, the conventional structure design method and the tree planting landing method can not be solved basically.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The contradiction problem of not enough and conventional garage parking structure opening tree planting and structure that exists to above-mentioned current earthing arbor afforestation design way, the utility model provides a building roof afforestation's tree planting falls to the ground structure has solved building subject function structure and tree planting and has fallen to the ground reasonable system that fuses to arrange and correlation technique and realize to provide wherein key node structure, broken through the growth limitation of arbor on the vast built on stilts space roof earthing layer, give the earthing greenery patches and be equivalent to the environmental value in original soil greenery patches, reduced earthing thickness and corresponding major structure load simultaneously by a wide margin, simplified main part waterproof and auxiliary assembly and dropped into and running cost.
1. The utility model discloses a realize through following method: 1. the utility model provides a tree planting of building roof afforestation falls to ground structure, includes diagonal crossing composite construction and roof tree hole node structure, its characterized in that: the diagonal cross composite structure comprises a functional grid, a structural grid and a tree planting grid; the functional grid is a quadrilateral frame structural grid with a conventional economic span, and the structural grid is consistent with the functional grid in position or in diagonal cross relation with the functional grid on the functional unit; the structural grid is quadrilateral and comprises structural columns and structural beams, wherein the structural columns are positioned at the intersection points of the structural grid, and the structural beams are positioned at the grid lines of the structural grid; the tree planting grids are quadrilateral, the intersection points of the tree planting grids are tree planting points, the tree planting points are arranged in the diagonal direction of the structural grids which are not in conflict with the structural columns and the beams, and the tree planting grids and the structural grids form a crossed tree planting composite structure; the top plate tree hole node structure is located at a tree hole of a top plate of the building. The tree planting point corresponds to a top plate tree hole and a ground tree hole of a determined building, the composite structure of the tree planting grid and the structural grid is adjusted according to actual needs, and the functional units are arranged according to building functions; the building refers to a single-layer or public building or facility with a local interlayer in the middle; the building top plate comprises an earth covering top plate and an earth covering free top plate, when the tree hole of the building top plate is in a tree hole-by-hole mode, the hole opening size is 800-1500 mm or is matched with a single transplanted tree seedling, the hole opening rate of the building top plate is generally less than 8% of the area of the functional area of the top plate, and the position of the building top plate is determined by a plane function or determined by the plane function and the diagonal crossing composite structure; when other top plate opening forms are adopted, the positions of the tree planting points or the tree planting grids and the ground bearing structure or the top plate structure or one of the two also have the characteristics of the diagonal crossing composite structure.
For the parking garage building, the functional grids are novel parking grids of four-linkage or five-linkage parking spaces, and the functional grids comprise dynamic grids for short and static grids for short, wherein the dynamic grids are dynamic grids for short, and the static grids for four-linkage or five-linkage parking spaces are static grids for short; the functional units are novel parking units formed by novel parking grids, each parking unit is composed of 1-2 static grids and 1 dynamic grid, the dynamic grids can be shared between adjacent parking units, and structural columns are arranged among the units for separation; the diagonal crossing composite structure refers to a novel tree planting and parking composite structure taking parking grids as diagonal lines of structural grids. At the moment, the parking unit comprises a widening tree planting belt, and the widening tree planting belt is positioned in the middle of a static grid of the parking grid. Specifically, the implementation of the structure comprises the following steps:
a. creates a novel four-linkage or five-linkage parking space grid and a parking unit. To garage parking function net promptly be parking net, the function unit promptly is with the parking unit that the structure post was cut apart, makes up from this and forms whole parking function district, the utility model discloses a novel parking net of quadruple or quintuplet parking stall divide into static parking net and is called static net for short and dynamic driving net and is called dynamic net two parts for short, as the novel tree planting parking unit of fig. 5 and arrange that the upper left picture of deriving the picture shows, establish static net's quadruple parking stall earlier, confirm in the centre of quadruple parking stall that the broadening plants establishment and the width in tree area, quadruple parking stall and this width area finally form a static net. The back-to-back parking of the main parking area is formed by two static grids and a dynamic grid corresponding to the static grids and designed lane width to form a novel parking unit. The parking units of the peripheral parking area are a static grid and a dynamic grid. When necessary, the five-in-one parking space can be used for creating a parking grid and a parking unit.
b. And deriving a novel structural grid. As shown in the upper right drawing of the novel tree planting parking unit and the arrangement guidance drawing of fig. 5, four outer corner points of two static grids of the novel back-to-back four-connected parking space parking grid are taken, the size of a preset 1/2 structural column is used as a positioning point to set four structural columns, namely four corner columns, and the middle point of the back-to-back four-connected parking space, namely the collinear middle point of the two static grids, is used as a positioning point to set a structural column, namely a middle column, namely the central position of a middle widening tree planting belt. Furthermore, four corner columns and the central column are respectively connected into four connecting lines, namely four side lines of a quadrilateral of the structural grid on the static grid are formed, the structural columns at the outer side line of the dynamic grid on the traffic lane are equidistantly led out by two positioning points of the adjacent static grid and are connected with two positioning points of the adjacent static grid to form a connecting line, and the two connecting lines and the two sides of the led adjacent structural grid form a complete quadrilateral of the structural grid. Therefore, a novel structural grid with the parking grid as a diagonal line and with the conventional economic span of about 7-9 meters is generated. The novel parking units are continuously arranged according to the parking grids so that the structural grid lines form a complete quadrangle, as shown in the left lower diagram of the attached figure 5.
If the five-linkage parking space grid is used for forming the parking unit, the parking unit can be applied to roof structures with light loads and parking garages with large vehicle types.
c. Arranging tree planting points in the novel parking unit to form a tree planting parking composite unit and a tree planting structure composite grid. The planting direction of the tree planting grids in the parking garage is consistent with that of the parking grids, and the tree planting grids and the parking grids form a diagonal cross composite structure together with the structural grids. As shown in the right lower diagram of the novel tree planting parking unit and the arrangement guidance diagram of fig. 5, on two connecting lines along the parking direction of four corner posts of two static grids of the back-to-back parking unit, 3 tree planting points can be arranged, 2 tree planting points can be arranged on the common side of the two back-to-back static grids and on the intersection point of the parking spaces, at the moment, the units are on the common side in the driving direction, each parking unit has 5 tree planting points in total and forms two directions of rows and columns, and the two directions are both diagonal lines of the structure; furthermore, 4 tree planting points can be additionally arranged by arranging the widening tree planting belt in the middle of the static grids of the quadruple parking spaces, and at the moment, the number of the tree planting points which are full of the whole unit is increased to 9 and the tree planting points are all positioned on the diagonal line of the structural grids without conflict with the structural beams. The widening of the tree planting belt can enable the tree planting points to form a row-column tree array with the spacing not more than 6 meters. Generally, more than two peripheral tree planting points which are smaller than the vehicle bit width are set as auxiliary tree planting points, and the auxiliary tree planting points are counted to be 0.5 tree planting points in statistical comparison; the other is the main tree planting point, and the main tree planting point and the point on the back-to-back intersection line are selected preferably.
d. Plant trees and park the composite unit according to the utility model discloses a novel structure net's constitution law is arranged and is derived to parking owner functional area and complete functional area. The arrangement of the main functional areas is deduced as shown in the lower left diagram of fig. 5. The figure represents that three continuous parking units are spliced along the direction of a parking belt, and a vertical parking belt is also connected with a dynamic grid and a static grid with equal grid number, so that a typical main parking area of a diagonal intersection relation between a structural net and the parking net and a relation of a tree planting row and a tree planting row formed by tree planting points are definitely obtained, and the tree planting points are all positioned on the diagonal of the structural net and the boundary of a parking space static grid, are not contradictory to a structural beam and do not influence the parking position.
The main purpose of arranging the functional area before implementation is to measure parking and economic indexes and count the quantitative indexes of tree planting so as to meet the actual target requirement, and adjust or optimize units and grids improperly so as to form a standard-reaching scheme and implement the scheme. In view of the building because of base condition and standard requirement difference have great difference scope, for this reason the utility model provides a decide gear with the solution strategy of selecting interval, fall to the ground to the tree planting of garage parking type and set for three gear, do respectively:
a standard and economic bottom limit gear 1, namely a novel four-connected parking space parking unit based on the bottom limit of the novel parking unit and a tree planting parking plane arrangement 1 of the economic bottom limit, and is characterized in that a small parking space definition value specified by the standard is taken as a parking space size index, and a widening tree planting belt is not arranged;
the economic parking is increased and planted and is shifted 2, namely the economic trees planting of increasing and planting is put 2 on the parking level, the size of parking stall still takes the above-mentioned standard definition value at this moment, set up and increase the width and plant trees;
the shelves 3 are planted in comfortable parking increase, arrange the comfortable tree planting parking plane of planting that increases who lists by novel tetrad tree planting parking compound unit promptly and arrange 3, and the parking stall size gets the more comfortable size of current city local regulation this moment, establishes the widening tree planting area.
The above is the utility model discloses a plant the interval of the gear standard of tree structure of falling to the ground. The range for gears 2 and 3 is normally selected, and the high gear condition can be above gear 3.
e. The tree planting point is used for correspondingly positioning the solid top plate tree hole and the ground tree hole, and correspondingly carrying out structural arrangement on the top plate and the structural column foundation of the parking garage, so that the position and the size in the top plate beam lattice and the reasonable distance between the tree hole and the foundation are determined. And (4) carrying out targeted structure adjustment and tree planting selection and rejection on individual differences of the parking garage and condition differences such as geology, actual tree planting and the like, and finally determining a structure scheme and accurately positioning tree planting points.
f. The construction implementation comprises the steps of building parking space, height setting including storey adding, building structure main body design, obtuse angle special processing of columns, top plate tree hole node structure and other technical design, tree species selection and transplanting technical implementation schemes, and trees are transplanted after the structure main body is completed and the top plate tree hole node structure is installed and adjusted. To the garage parking the utility model discloses a building implementation still includes:
(1) the net height requirement of additionally arranging mechanical parking spaces is considered in the building room, as shown in the attached figure 14, so that the benefits of two layers of parking spaces are obtained in a single-layer parking garage, and the application range of the utility model is greatly expanded;
(2) determining indoor clear height according to whether a mechanical interlayer is reserved or not, the structure, equipment height and the like, further calculating the trunk height of the tree seedling to be transplanted, and reserving and trimming the seedling in advance to meet the transplanting requirement;
(3) the utility model discloses a tree planting of roof greening falls to ground the application prerequisite of settlement for highest ground water level is less than the ground standard site condition of ground elevation, and building ground is not considered whole waterproof, and the waterproof of other enclosing surfaces is all carried out according to relevant standard. When the building outer enclosing structure is completely or partially buried with soil, the outer corner outer sides of the soil-buried side wall and the ground are provided with a drainage channel or a drainage pipeline which is lower than the elevation of the building ground and leads to a reliable drainage collection facility, as shown in the attached figure 14;
(4) the inside of the building on which the tree is planted and the ground are designed into a drainage and diversion system, and the ground of the building is designed into a non-integral waterproof pavement suitable for the growth tension of the tree roots.
(5) The selection of the tree species suitable for the local soil and the geological conditions and the transplanting technology guarantee that the annual pruning management of the tree crown landscape on the transplanted top plate reaches the standard.
For other buildings except the parking garage, the tree planting points are positioned in the diagonal direction of the structural grid, the diagonal direction refers to the diagonal direction and the diagonal direction, and the tree planting points are also positioned in the direction parallel to the diagonal direction of the structural grid or in the direction forming an angle of 15 degrees with both sides of the diagonal of the structural grid; the tree planting grid is a grid formed by a determinant tree array which meets the greening standard and the spacing requirement of the arbor with the least amount of tree planting, and comprises a grid for increasing tree planting points on the grid. When the function of the parking garage is flexibly switched, the method can be directly applied to the concrete implementation of the parking garage type, but at the moment, the tree planting points of the building converted by the parking garage can be arranged at the position of the original traffic lane, and the tree planting quantity can be reduced to increase the space utilization rate due to the fact that the requirements of full parking spaces do not exist, as shown in the attached drawing 15, the trees are reduced and properly planted on the traffic lane to be connected into a matrix of about 5-6 meters of row trees and column trees to meet the greening index. If the garage usage is reduced, the net of columns can be adjusted to allow the structural grid to be regular until the structural grid is regular orthogonal, as shown in FIG. 16. Other buildings, in addition to having special requirements, the present invention is summarized here as a structure that aims to obtain an array of trees that meets the standards and requirements for greening trees with a minimum of plants.
The top plate tree hole node structure comprises a prefabricated sleeve, a rain-proof cap, a water receiving ring plate and an overflow guide pipe. The method is characterized in that a tree hole is formed in a structural layer of a building top plate, the tree hole is called a top plate tree hole, the cross section of a tree hole opening of the top plate tree hole can be circular or square, and a tree hole upper turning edge is arranged above the tree hole upper turning edge. The top plate tree hole node structure is positioned at a top plate tree hole and further comprises a constraint framework, and the constraint framework comprises an s-shaped elastic steel sheet and a corrugated steel hoop; the s-shaped elastic steel sheet surrounds the trunk to realize elastic constraint between the trunk and the opening of the tree hole of the top plate, is aligned and suspended on the centripetal water tank of the water receiving ring plate, has expansion elasticity, and can adjust the diameter along with the growth of the tree; the s-shaped elastic steel sheet is connected by a corrugated steel hoop, a thick rubber pad is arranged between the corrugated steel hoop and the trunk, and a thick rubber pad is also arranged between the s-shaped elastic steel sheet and the prefabricated sleeve. Can resist trunk wind pendulum power and give trunk restoring force, reduce the trunk and rock to the tree hole sleeve suitable for reading, avoid seam crossing infiltration too much.
The prefabricated sleeve is a sleeve formed by combining two prefabricated half cylinders for contracting a tree hole after transplanting a seedling into a position, the lower opening of the sleeve is large, the upper opening of the sleeve is small, the lower opening of the sleeve is sleeved on the upper turning edge of the tree hole, and the upper opening of the sleeve is used for contracting the tree hole and supporting the rain-proof cap.
The rain hat is located between building roof structure layers and used for covering a gap between a trunk and a sleeve, wherein the trunk is exposed out of a roof and a soil covering layer, the rain hat comprises a folding buckle type rain cover plate and an elastic framework, can transmit light, can rock along with wind load of trees, can be pushed and pulled to move and can expand along with growth of the trunk, can cover a gap between the trunk and a prefabricated sleeve, the trunk is exposed out of the roof and the soil covering layer, and main manufacturing materials are transparent materials and are divided into two types, namely a ventilation gap type rain hat and a closed heat preservation type rain hat.
knot formula rain-proof lid's structure is buckled the eave structure and is buckled the eave successive layer and reduce for the multilayer, and every layer of apron all forms by two semi-ring transparent plate closures, including flat crown plate and perpendicular crown plate, flat crown plate plane holds rain, and perpendicular crown plate flashing closes up. The flat ring plates are sequentially overlapped and buckled from large to small from bottom to top according to the overlapping size, have a small drainage gradient, sequentially reduce the ring diameter from bottom to top, and are buckled and reserved with a pushing space. The vertical ring plate is buckled with an eave closing-up on the inner opening of the flat ring plate at the uppermost layer, and the flat ring plate buckled with is tightly sleeved to play a role in retaining water. The outer water dripping eaves of the flat annular plate below and the binding off vertical annular plate on the top are fixed at the overhanging end of the W-shaped steel sheet and the inward-upward folding end of the W-shaped steel sheet respectively through bolts, when the trunk is subjected to wind load, shakes and compresses and stretches the framework, the vertical annular plate in the rainproof cover plate pushes the flat cover plate above to move, the second annular plate is pushed to move when the trunk is moved to the buckling eaves to be tightly pressed, and the rainproof effect can be elastically pushed and can be protected against rain. According to the ventilation volume of rain, there is a clearance between the inner opening of the rain-proof cover plate and the trunk, and the clearance between the rain-proof cover plate and the trunk is slightly water-feeding.
The elastic framework is embedded in the upper opening of the prefabricated sleeve, the elastic framework comprises four combined W-shaped elastic steel sheets which are uniformly radiated along the circle center of the tree hole and an annular corrugated steel hoop which is bolted with the combined W-shaped elastic steel sheets and sleeved on the trunk, one ends of the four W-shaped elastic steel sheets are fixed on the side wall of the prefabricated sleeve, and thick rubber pads are arranged between the inner opening of the elastic framework and the precontact point of the trunk and between the elastic framework and the installation point of the prefabricated sleeve. When the tree trunk has insufficient growing gaps, the flat ring plate, the vertical ring plate and the inner side elastic framework can be sequentially subtracted or adjusted, so that the inner diameter is expanded.
The rain-proof caps are divided into ventilation gap type rain-proof caps and closed heat preservation type rain-proof caps, and for buildings which have ventilation requirements but do not have strict waterproof requirements in a parking garage, the ventilation gap type rain-proof caps are used, and ventilation gaps are reserved between the vertical ring plates at the inner openings and the trunks and between the bottom surfaces of the outer flat ring plates and the top ends of the side walls of the sleeves; the ventilation gap type rain hat is a common rain hat.
The rain hat uses a closed heat-preservation rain hat for a building which is used by personnel with closed and thermotechnical requirements, and the structure of the rain hat also comprises an inflation ring and a sealing strip, wherein the inflation ring is a C-shaped closed three-air-chamber elastic inflation ring which is made of weather-proof high polymer materials in a customized manner, is positioned between the inner side of the vertical ring plate and a trunk, and is arranged with a low outer ring and a high inner ring; the flat ring plate is a hollow double-layer transparent material, double sealing is embedded between the flat ring plate and the sleeve, the upper and lower buckle eaves of the flat ring plate and the end nested sealing strip pushed by the contact of the vertical ring plate are mainly through-perimeter ethylene propylene diene monomer weather-resistant rubber sealing strips, the dripping eaves on the outer side of the flat ring plate are fixed on the outer side wall of the prefabricated sleeve and sealed by the sealing strips or the sealing glue, the inflation ring between the vertical ring plate and the trunk is filled hermetically, and the weather-resistant waterproof rain cape is sealed on the vertical ring plate and the inflation ring. A layer of through-perimeter polyester thick film is laid on the fixed supporting surface of the lowest large flat ring plate, and at the moment, only the trunk gaps are allowed to be slightly infiltrated, and other gaps are reliably sealed and waterproof.
The middle of the water receiving ring disc is hollow, the water receiving ring disc is positioned at the lower opening of the tree hole of the top plate and is sleeved on the trunk, scattered rainwater drifting into the upper opening of the sleeve and leakage water of the covering soil layer at the opening of the tree hole can be collected and guided to the trunk, and the water receiving ring disc is mainly made of transparent PC or PVC; the periphery of the water receiving ring disc is provided with a concave ring groove and a centripetal water tank which is close to and slopes towards the trunk; the lower part of the elastic framework is provided with a convex surface, the convex surface is provided with a side opening or a vent hole, and the outer edge of the convex surface is fixed on the elastic framework and is connected with the inner opening of the top plate structure in a sealing way; the seepage water of the soil covering layer at the opening mainly refers to the seepage water of a gap between the bottom of the prefabricated sleeve and the tree opening and the seepage water of the joint of the prefabricated sleeve.
The overflow guide pipe is used for guiding redundant saturated water of the soil covering layer part to a tree pit where the tree is planted and selectively configured at a tree hole node; the overflow guide pipe is arranged at the opening of the tree hole and comprises an overflow pipe and a guide pipe, the overflow pipe penetrates through the upward turning edge of the top plate tree hole and the prefabricated sleeve and can control the water yield, and the setting height of a water intake of the overflow pipe keeps a certain saturated water level, so that the covering soil layer can keep the water needed by vegetation for a long time and provide controllable irrigation water for trees in the warehouse in rainy season; the guide pipe and the overflow pipe are connected with each other and are guided to the tree pit along the trunk, and the surplus water can be guided to the tree pit for irrigation.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses useful part is:
1. the utility model discloses possess the advantage of economy and benefit in following aspect: the roof covering soil is greatly reduced, the general thickness of the roof covering soil capable of being converted into green land can be reduced by about 1 meter, and the corresponding engineering earthwork amount is reduced; the earth covering load and the water holding load of the top plate of the main structure are greatly reduced, the tree load is reduced when the arbor falls on the spot, and the cost of main engineering can be directly reduced; for the parking garage, the average span of the structural shaft network is smaller than the corresponding conventional span, and the construction cost of the main structure of the top plate is lower than that of the conventional structure; the reduction of the covering soil also reduces the water pressure and water quantity of a soil layer, the waterproof grade of the parking garage can be reduced, the whole waterproof link is omitted on the ground, and the cost of bottom plate waterproofing is greatly reduced; the length of the entrance ramp is reduced, and the corresponding parking length is increased; the top plate tree hole node structure is additionally arranged, the sum of the tree hole areas accounts for less than 8% of the whole building area generally, the tree hole node structure can be manufactured in batches, and the cost of the tree hole opening and tree hole node structure addition is extremely low; the garage is of a non-orthogonal axis net structure, and extra manufacturing cost is not increased. The existence of the whole even ventilation printing opacity tree hole of roof makes the ground storehouse can natural lighting and ventilation in most live time period, and mechanical ventilation is used for emergency's air supply basically to discharge fume, and the illumination at night is used for in the manual lighting, has reduced the use cost of manual equipment.
2. The utility model discloses strengthen the breakthrough to current roof afforestation, peel off the arbor that needs the heavy soil to keep in good care and go out the roof earthing and fall on the original soil, the roof leaves the earthing thickness that provides turf and bush, compare conventional roof earthing afforestation and more closely in original soil afforestation, 6 meters trees battle array according to outdoor trees battle array parking area regulation and enclose area 1:1 conversion greening area according to peripheral trees, can reach more than 80% of building area, still can cover again on the roof with moderate degree thin soil greening. The utility model discloses obtain ecological benefit several times with breakthrough's technical means and afforest little arbor, tens times in the big arbor that falls to the ground of turf. The height and the diameter of the tree are large after the selected saplings are grown on the ground and mature, the use function of the building is guaranteed, meanwhile, the ground atmosphere condition for infinite growth of the trees is given, the regulation effect of the environment quality of local microclimates is far greater than that of soil covering greening, great visual satisfaction is given to people, the high-quality construction project environment is guaranteed, the peripheral construction value is improved, and the deep potential value is achieved. And the water for tree irrigation and the corresponding labor maintenance cost can be reduced for the rainless areas with large evaporation capacity.
3. The roof tree hole node structure has the advantages that: the top plate tree hole opening position is accurate, the structure does not need to be additionally reinforced by secondary beams after opening, the opening area only accounts for 1.3% -6% of the area of the building top plate, the tree hole opening is closed after the saplings are planted, and the utilization of the top plate is basically not influenced. The node structure of the top plate tree hole can expand along with the growth of the tree and can prevent rain. The rain-proof cap is adjustable, and is transparent and ventilated. Different from the ordinary building structure of "water-tight", the utility model discloses the water that roof tree hole node structure led into can cause the indoor little intake of building jointly with secret soil layer infiltration, and this little intake can be guided and utilized, provides another kind of possibility. The utility model discloses because the trees are planted and fall to the ground can attenuate the earthing thickness that the arbor was planted by a wide margin, satisfy the shrub requirement of growing, the naked earth surface can be planted and cover ground turf, satisfies the level greening requirement. When the land and green land is guaranteed, the covering soil can be further thinned, and when the ground of the construction room is a hardened land or a square ground or an outdoor parking lot ground and the like, the structural top plate is an outdoor ground, the top plate covering soil layer can be reduced to zero at the utmost, and the top plate greening can still be realized. The tree pit is simultaneously favorable for building ground waterproofing, and the drainage facility of the outer protective structure reduces the risk of invasion of surrounding underground water. And for the parking garage, when the ground clearance of the parking space reaches the standard height, a steel structure mechanical parking space interlayer device can be additionally arranged, so that the parking quantity can be doubled and increased, and the efficiency and the application range of the tree planting landing method are greatly increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a conventional soil-covered greening section of an underground parking garage;
FIG. 2 is an example of a typical parking garage with a regulatory floor;
FIG. 3 is an example of a comfortable parking garage;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a probability analysis of tree planting and landing of a parking unit under a grid of a conventional structure;
figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 are prior art figures,
the following is the attached drawings of the utility model:
FIG. 5 is a drawing showing a tree planting parking unit and arrangement guidance of a new type quadruple parking space
FIG. 6 shows a tree-planting and parking compound unit (stage 3) for a new type of quadruple parking space for comfortable parking and increasing planting
FIG. 7 shows a novel quadruple parking space tree planting and parking compound unit (gear 1) with standardized bottom limits;
FIG. 8 is a tree planting parking plane layout 1 (gear 1) of the normative and economic bottom limit;
FIG. 9 is a flat application example of a specification and economic floor a (case 1);
fig. 10 is an economic augmented tree-planting parking plane arrangement 2 (gear 2);
FIG. 11 is a plan application example b (gear 2) of the economic enhanced parking;
fig. 12 is a comfortable augmented tree-planting parking plane layout 3 (gear 3);
FIG. 13 is a plan application example c (gear 3) of comfort enhanced parking;
FIG. 14 is a sectional view of a parking grid for planting a tree;
FIG. 15 is a schematic representation of an example c of a structured grid reduced tree array for use with other buildings;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the parking column network gradually changing to a regular structure;
FIG. 17 is a front sectional view of a tree hole node structure of the top plate;
FIG. 18 is a top sectional view of an upper opening and a lower opening of a tree hole node structure sleeve of a top plate, the upper view of which is a plan view of the upper opening of the tree hole node structure sleeve of the top plate, and the lower view of which is a plan view of the lower opening of the tree hole node structure sleeve of the top plate;
FIG. 19 is a structural view of the rain hat;
FIG. 20 is a schematic view of the expansion of the inner opening structure of the rain hat in stages, sequentially from bottom to top;
FIG. 21 is a structural view of a closed heat-insulating rain hat;
FIG. 22 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the roof structure and the tree holes
FIG. 23 is a schematic view of a column foundation and a tree pit
FIG. 24 is a schematic view of the relationship between the vertical structural members and the tree planting
Fig. 25 is a plan view of a tree planting and landing strategy of the five-unit parking space parking unit.
FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram of the cross arrangement of the orthogonal grid roof structure and the tree matrix.
The notations in the figures have the following meanings:
1. a functional grid; 2. a structural column; 3. a structural grid; 4. planting a tree point; 41. a main tree planting point; 42. auxiliary tree planting points; 5. a top plate tree hole node structure; 51. prefabricating a sleeve; 52. rain-proof caps; 521. button type rainproof cover plate; 5211. a flat ring plate; 5212. a vertical ring plate; 5213. an air-filled ring; 5214. a waterproof cape; 522. An elastic skeleton; 53. a water receiving ring plate; 54. an overflow guide pipe; 55. constraining the skeleton; 551. an S-shaped elastic steel sheet; 552. a corrugated steel hoop; 6. a structural beam; 7. a parking grid; 8. a water discharge tank; 9. static grids; 10. and (4) dynamic grid.
Detailed Description
The present invention and the preferred embodiments thereof will be described in detail, but the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without invasive labor fall within the scope of the present invention. According to the building drawing standard, all the marked size units are millimeter mm except the attached condition. The dimensions indicated in the figures and herein are preferred dimensions for the purpose of illustrating the advantages thereof, but are not limited to such dimensions.
1. The general implementation of the present invention will be described with the typical implementation of the floor-planting of a parking garage, and the four steps of the floor-planting structure are shown in fig. 5.
The method comprises the following steps: confirm parking stall and lane district size by required parking function, arrange parking unit back to back quadruple parking stall and lane, work out the tree planting area width that increases between every two parking stalls, in addition half's structure post cross sectional dimension reachs two static grids 9 and the dynamic grid 10 of opposite side in the parking grid, and novel parking grid 7 and the novel parking unit of quadruple parking stall are constituteed to two kinds of grids.
Step two: setting structural columns by taking four outer corner points of two static grids 9 of the parking unit and the center points of the coincident edges of the static grids 9 as positioning points, and connecting the four corner points with the center point respectively to obtain four structural grid lines; and additionally, structural columns are arranged on the side lines of the dynamic grids 10 opposite to the static grids 9 and at equal distance points of two nearest corner points of the static grids 9, and are connected with the corner points of the adjacent static grids 9 to obtain two structural grid lines, and the structural grids 3 and the grid lines in the parking units are formed by the two structural grid lines and the four lines. The structural grid line units which do not form a complete quadrangle in the unit are arranged to be complete.
Step three: tree planting points 4 are arranged in the width zone and the width increasing zone of the connecting line of the structural columns along the parking direction and on the side line of the static grid 9, namely the intersection of the back-to-back vehicle positions, and the connecting lines of the points form a tree planting grid which is consistent with the parking grid 7 and is arranged on the diagonal line of the structural grid 3. The tree planting grids are added to form a tree planting parking composite unit. The tree planting grids, the structural grids and the parking grids form a diagonal cross composite structure.
Step four: and expanding the tree planting and parking composite unit to the whole functional area, and adjusting and quantitatively counting tree planting points 4.
Step five: and correspondingly determining a top plate tree hole and a ground tree hole by the tree planting point 4, performing a structural arrangement scheme of a top plate and a foundation, adjusting a grid tree planting point and a structural scheme, positioning the tree planting point and determining the structural arrangement scheme.
The tree holes are determined by the arrangement scheme of the top plate structure shown in figure 22, the tree pits are determined by the basic arrangement scheme shown in figure 23, and the tree planting scheme is determined by the structure vertical direction shown in figure 24.
Step six: the method comprises the following steps of designing a building structure main body, designing a top plate tree hole node structure and other technologies, selecting a tree species and transplanting the tree species, transplanting the tree at a tree pit after the building structure main body is completed, and installing the top plate tree hole node structure at the tree hole.
Specific embodiments of the top tree hole node structure are described in detail below.
2. First, a specific exemplary embodiment of a parking unit with the most basic specifications and economic floor limits will be described.
As shown in figure 7, a quadruple parking space parking unit is firstly generated. Arranging the quadruple parking spaces in the basic parking area by taking the length and the width of the back-to-back small parking spaces 5100 multiplied by 2400 as a cardinal number, wherein the section size 600 of the length and the width of the plus-minus structural column is four sides of 2 static grids which are back-to-back of the parking unit, the side length 2400x4+600 is 10200 and the section size of 5100 + 300 is 4800, the width 5500 of a lane is determined, the section size of the structural column is the width 6100 of the dynamic grid, a rectangle 10200x6100 is made by the common long side of one static grid, and the static grid and the 2 static grids form the parking unit;
a structural grid is derived. A structural column 2 is arranged at four outer corner points of 2 static grids of the parking unit and the middle point of the common side of the four outer corner points, and the four corner points and the middle point are respectively connected with a line; the structural columns at the outer edge lines of the dynamic grid are derived from two structural column positioning points of the adjacent static grid at equal intervals and are connected with two corner column positioning points of the adjacent static grid, and the two connecting lines and the four connecting lines form the structural grid 3 or grid lines thereof in the unit. The structural grid on the quadruple parking space obtained by the method is 7004 multiplied by 7004, and the structural grid at the traffic lane is a basic structural grid of 7004 multiplied by 7951.
The structure that the diagonal line of the generated structural grid and the parking grid is crossed can implement the arrangement of tree planting points, tree planting points 4 are arranged at the width zone of the connecting line of the structural columns along the parking direction and the intersection point of the static grid on the common side, namely the back-to-back vehicle position, and the connecting lines of the points form the tree planting grid which is consistent with the parking grid and is arranged on the diagonal line of the structural grid. The tree planting grids are added to form a tree planting parking composite unit. The tree planting grids, the structural grids and the parking grids form a diagonal cross composite structure.
The number of the points for planting trees can be 4.5 without the widening tree planting belt, wherein 2.5 points are the connecting line of the structural column, and 2 points are the intersection points of the back-to-back vehicle positions. Compared with 1.5 tree planting points of the parking unit with the conventional parking column net orthogonal to the background art figure 4, the number of the tree planting points is increased by 3 times.
For a building with a single-layer roof without heavy load, a five-row parking space unit can also be used, as shown in the attached figure 25.
3. Further give the utility model discloses a garage parking is planted trees and is fallen to ground the concrete mode of three gear and application example, but not limited to these 3 modes. The utility model discloses big concentric circles all indicate to transplant the thicker main tree planting point 41 of tree footpath in all drawings, and the preferential arrangement under the full condition of planting, little circle or dotted line circle indicate to transplant the thinner supplementary tree planting point 42 of tree footpath, can remove as required.
Referring to fig. 8, a plan layout 1 of the specification and economic bottom gear 1 of fig. 7 is arranged by using a parking unit of specification and economic bottom as a template. And three continuous parking units are spliced along the direction of a parking belt, and the vertical parking belt is also connected with the dynamic grids and the static grids with equal lattice number, so that the diagonal crossing composite structure formed by the tree planting grids, the structural grids and the parking grids is clearly seen. The diagonal cross relation between the structural grids of the typical main parking area spliced by the structural grids and the parking grids and the relation between the structural grids and the tree planting points to form tree planting rows and columns are all located on the diagonal lines of the structural grids and the parking space static grid boundary, the tree planting points are not contradictory to the structural beams and do not influence the parking position, and the 4-unit parking space has higher parking efficiency than the conventional 3-unit parking space, and the average span of the 4-unit parking space is smaller than that of the latter. 4.5 tree planting points of each parking grid are arranged in a row, and the greening requirement of most arbors can be basically met under the condition that the width of the parking grid is not increased. The lower right corner of the attached figure 8 is a structural column and forms an obtuse angle, so that the width of a side-edge traveling crane in a parking position is increased.
Like fig. 9 for being above-mentioned the utility model discloses a typical main parking area of plane arrangement 1 of specification and economic deadline arranges the plane application example a that extends to the parking area of individual fire prevention subregion, peripheral parking area deduces by the constitution law in main parking area, the two constitutes the parking area example of a complete fire prevention subregion, from this structure net main parking area structural span is 7004x7951, both ends limit parking area structural span is 6931 ~ 7470 x 7920 ~ 8396, maximum span 8396 appears on the limited several strides in main lane, calculate whole structure net average span through statistics and be 7477, be less than like the span 7800 of the conventional garage parking of fig. 2, belong to the most economic gear of structure span. At this moment, the utility model discloses an example a can provide 106 tree planting points 41, 42, and can be arranged in rows and columns and organize, satisfies general arbor afforestation requirement, and conventional can only plant trees on two handing-over lines of parking back to back like fig. 2, and such point has 28 altogether, can not satisfy arbor afforestation requirement. The area required by the single parking space of the example is 23.84m2Is also smaller than 23.97m of FIG. 22Albeit the total building surfaceThe product is increased by 76.96m compared with that of the product in FIG. 22However, the number of parking spaces 160 is 4 more than 156 in fig. 2, which has certain advantages as a whole. The utility model discloses the method can realize the target of high-quality arbor afforestation basically on not reducing major structure economic nature and parking efficiency.
Fig. 10 shows a plane layout 2 of the economic parking increasing planting gear 2 of the utility model, which is derived from the layout of a typical main parking area of a tree planting belt with a widened tree diameter width in the middle of a parking unit on the basis of a standard and economic bottom limit plane layout 1. The structural form increases the number of the ground falling of the planted trees, forms a determinant arbor tree array with the tree spacing not more than 6 meters, and solves the problem that the ground falling of the planted trees can be converted into green land. Meanwhile, the back-to-back parking space is slightly enlarged to 5300 multiplied by 2400, and the width of the traffic lane is increased to 5600. The primary parking area structural grid 3 is now an economic span of 7359 x 7359,7359 x 8222. According to the statistical principle that more than two tree planting points with the distance between the tree planting points and the surrounding plants are not more than 2.5 meters and the number of the tree planting points increased by the broadening band in the middle of each parking unit is 4, and the number of the tree planting points added to the existing 4.5 points is 8.5 for each parking unit. Each parking unit can form a group of 8.5 tree arrays with the main planting distance of 2.5-6 meters, only one tree array with the minimum planting distance of 2.5 meters is formed, and 6-8 parking units are preferably arranged.
Fig. 11 shows an application example b obtained by expanding the economic parking increase plan layout 2 into a fire-proof partition, the derivation rule is the same as above, the peripheral parking areas are derived from the layout of the main parking areas, and the two parking areas form a complete parking area example of the fire-proof partition, at this time, the structural grid 3 of the main parking area is 7359 × 7359,7359 × 8222, the parking belt spans 7211 to 7505 at the two ends, and the main traffic lane spans 8122 to 8580, and the average span of the whole structural grid is calculated to be 7712 and is located in the economic area. Example b the number of parking spaces was the same as example a, and the required area for each parking space was 25.5m2The tree planting points reach 163, which is 57 times more than that of example a, and the increase is 53.8% of example a.
Fig. 12 is a plan view of a comfortable parking increasing gear 3 according to the present invention, which is a typical main parking area layout with a further enlarged size based on the plan view 2 of the above-mentioned economical parking increasing gear 2. The main parking area is arranged according to the conventional comfortable parking space and parking lane size, such as the parking space size 5500 multiplied by 2500 and the traffic lane size 5800 shown in the attached drawing 3, the arrangement is equal to the plane arrangement 2 of the economic parking planting increasing gear 2 except the size, but the adaptive parking type is obviously increased, the parking comfort is improved, the tree planting landing column distance is improved, and the growth space and the time efficiency of the tree diameter are increased. The main parking area structural grid 3 is 7642 multiplied by 7642,7642 multiplied by 8504, and still belongs to an economic span interval. The arrangement structure can erect single or conjuncted mechanical parking space devices under the condition that the garage space height meets the standard, so that the number of the parking spaces of the garage is doubled.
An enlarged view of one of the parking units of the comfort parking augmentation plan arrangement 3 is shown in fig. 6 to illustrate the unit architecture and details. At the moment, 4 tree planting points with the designed tree diameter of 600 can be added to the tree planting belt with the width increased by 600 in the middle of the back-to-back parking space, and the tree planting points are 4.5 at the diagonal line of the original parking corner post and the intersection of the parking spaces, so that 8.5 tree planting points are totally added, wherein the middle point of the original 4.5 tree planting points is represented as an auxiliary tree planting point 42, trees slightly smaller than other 4 points can be transplanted first, the early-stage landscape is facilitated, the middle is large, the middle is small, and the investment cost for transplanting tree seedlings is reduced; the points of the 4 tree planting points on the bandwidth are represented as auxiliary tree planting points 42, the transplanting tree diameter of the auxiliary tree planting points is smaller or slower than the points on the inner side of the parking space, if the auxiliary tree planting points are removed preferentially, the auxiliary tree planting points give a parking and warehousing adaptive period. Each tree planting point of the tree planting grid is positioned in the dense rib plate or the cross beam grid of the structural top plate, and can be selected and shifted according to the needs of the whole landscape. The ground between the tree pits is shown in the figure to be provided with drainage channels with the cross section not less than 40x40, and the drainage channels are connected and led out. Can add when the headroom reaches 3400 height on the garage ground parking stall and establish steel construction machinery parkking and add a layer device, draw from the mechanical academy of institute of mechanics and mechanics of Shandong building university and stretch out the utility model discloses a mechanical parking stall, divide into single mechanical parking stall and disjunctor mechanical parking stall, parking quantity can increase one time. The cross section is shown in the ground cross section of the parking column net planted with trees in the attached figure 13.
Fig. 13 shows a plan application example c of the comfortable parking increasing plan layout 3 expanded to a fire-resistant subarea. The derivation rule is the same as above, and is made of clothAnd 3, deducing a peripheral parking area, wherein the peripheral parking area and the peripheral parking area form a parking area example of a complete fire-protection subarea. The tree planting grids, the structural grids and the parking grids form a diagonal cross composite structure. The structure grid of the exemplary main parking area is 7642 multiplied by 7642,7642 multiplied by 8504, the grids of the parking areas at two ends are 7569-7790, the structure spans are all in an economic range, the width of the main driving lane is 6000, the spans 8402-8786 are large in size, but the occupied space is small. The average span of the structural grid of the whole parking area is calculated to be 7984, which is smaller than the corresponding span 8100 of the conventional comfortable structural grid of the attached figure 3, and the main structure has economical efficiency. The total building area is 4375.8m2The number of the parking spaces is 160, and the area of each parking space is 27.3m2The area of a single parking space is slightly increased by 1.02m compared with that of the conventional illustration chart 32The increase is 3.88%. The arrangement and the number of the tree planting points are equal to those of the example b, most of the space between the parking spaces is increased on the 600-wide tree planting belt for forming the row-column tree array within 6 meters, and the comfortable parking space width 2500 has a margin, so that the parking comfort is obviously improved, and meanwhile, the trees have longer growth years and landscape expectation. Is suitable for residential areas with higher quality and the like.
The plane layout and the example of 3 gears that fall to the ground are planted to above garage parking are the utility model discloses a concrete application and implementation example can select this gear or interval to design according to actual conditions among the practical application and implement or moderate degree is extended, and general suggestion is selected or the part selects shelves 2 ~ shelves 3, the optional shelves of high-grade standard more than 3.
The quintuplet parking space parking grid and the parking unit are similar to the tetrad parking space parking unit in structure, as shown in the figure 25 of arrangement analysis of tree planting parking of quintuplet parking spaces and diagonal intersection of structures, the structural span in the static grid can reach at least 8100-8500, the structural span in the dynamic grid can reach 8700-9300 upwards, and the dynamic grid can be applied to roof structures with light loads and parking garages with large vehicle types.
4. The utility model discloses contain but not only be limited to the embodiment supplement of other public buildings in garage parking
The utility model discloses not only be limited to the garage parking, still can be used to other can pass through the half underground or the overground space of roof tree planting underground. The first example is the same as or close to the parking garage structure form, and often the tree planting and landing strategy implementation form is set for the flexible conversion of the functional space with the parking garage. The parking garage can be directly applied, the difference is that the road can be used for planting trees, the quantity of the trees planted in the ground can be reduced without the requirement of a full parking space so as to increase the space utilization rate, the structural grid of the figure 15 is simplified and is used for other buildings after the tree array net is built, for example, the tree planting arrangement of the functions of commercial body building and the like is shown, the trees are reduced, and the trees are properly planted on the road to be connected into a row and column tree array of about 5-6 meters so as to meet the greening index. If the garage usage component is reduced, the structural grid can be adjusted to gradually become regularly orthogonal as shown in fig. 16.
For other buildings which are not directly related to the parking garage, most building functions are consistent with the structural grids and the functional unit characteristics are not obvious, the structural grids are directly determined according to the function and implementation requirements, as shown in the lower right drawing of the attached drawing 16, a 6-meter row-column tree array tree planting net which accords with local greening is led into a typical commercial square 8400x8400 structural grid, the tree planting net is a square grid with the side length being similar to that of the structural grid, 5940, and the tree planting grids and the structural grids are crossed and arranged in the diagonal direction to form a tree planting structure composite grid. The tree planting grids, the structural grids and the parking grids form a diagonal cross composite structure. The diagonal direction is the direction on the diagonal line of the structural net or parallel to the diagonal line or within an angle of 15 degrees with the diagonal line, so that the structural net and the tree planting net can be turned and adjusted according to actual needs. The top plate structure scheme is arranged and the tree holes of the tree planting points are positioned in the multi-ribbed beam grids of the structure without conflict with the structure foundation, as shown in figure 26. The diagonal arrangement of the structural grid shown at this time as the plant tree grid is that the two grids are uniformly arranged in both directions. When the rectangular space in the single grid is required to be the maximum, the tree planting net can be adjusted to move along the diagonal direction to enable the tree hole to be close to the main beam of the structure, and the diagonal cross composite structure is the best structure with the maximum or uniform space obtained by the tree planting amount which at least meets the greening standard tree array. The derivation of other similar intersection spaces of the two grids is not illustrated, and the tree planting points at corresponding positions are subtracted when a large space is needed.
And after the tree planting and structure scheme is determined, other steps are carried out in the same garage.
5. Detailed description of the Top Panel Tree hole node Structure
The specific embodiment of the middle roof tree hole node structure of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 17 and 18.
And (3) carrying out cast-in-place upturning flashing integrated with the floor slab at the hole of the tree hole on the top plate, wherein the cross section of the hole can be circular or square, and the hole with the circular cross section is adopted in the embodiment. After the trees are transplanted, the trees are closed by a prefabricated sleeve 51, the large diameter of the sleeve is sleeved on the upper turning edge of a top plate tree hole which is provided with a waterproof and protective layer in advance, the cross section of the lower opening of the prefabricated sleeve is circular or square, in this example, a circular opening is adopted, two half cylinders are bolted, and the joint is sealed by waterproof glue.
A constraint framework is arranged at a trunk of a lower opening of a top plate tree hole, four s-shaped elastic steel sheets 551 are connected by a wave-shaped steel sheet hoop 552 surrounding the trunk, the four s-shaped elastic steel sheets are combined to form the constraint framework, and thick rubber pads are arranged between an inner opening of the wave-shaped steel sheet hoop and the trunk and between the s-shaped elastic steel sheets and a mounting point of a prefabricated sleeve.
And a water receiving ring disc 53 is arranged on the trunk at the lower opening of the tree hole. Pass the roof tree hole and turn up along and prefabricated sleeve and set up overflow honeycomb duct 54, as shown in figure 17, the tree hole turns up along and prefabricated sleeve division hole, passes the overflow pipe wherein, prevents stifled end at the overflow pipe and connects the honeycomb duct, and return bend pipe diameter 50mm is derived to overflow pipe one end, connects pipe diameter 20mm tubule through two logical connection pipe diameters of variable cross section, is the honeycomb duct promptly, and the honeycomb duct passes through the water collector ring dish end opening and fixes along the trunk and down to the tree pit.
The upper opening part of the prefabricated sleeve is exposed out of the earth covering ground, and the upper opening is covered with a rain-proof cap 52. Take ventilation clearance type rain-proof cap of fig. 19 as an example and specifically describe rain-proof cap embodiment: an elastic framework 522 is embedded in an upper opening of the prefabricated sleeve 51, one ends of four W-shaped elastic steel sheets of the elastic framework 522 are fixed on the side wall of the prefabricated sleeve 51, thick rubber pads are arranged between the inner opening of the elastic framework 522 and a pre-contact point of a trunk and between the elastic framework 522 and a mounting point of the prefabricated sleeve 51, and the elastic framework 522 can be finely adjusted to be concentric with the trunk after being mounted in place.
The three layers of flat ring plates 5211 are sequentially overlapped and fastened from large to small from bottom to top according to the overlapping size, and the uppermost layer is tightly sleeved on the inner opening of the third layer by the vertical ring plate 5212 to be fastened by the fastening eaves for closing up, so that the overlapped and fastened rainproof cover plate is formed. The three-layer flat ring face below all has small drainage slope 1 ~ 2%, reduces the ring footpath from bottom to top in proper order, and the first layer flat ring board that is the biggest is the bottom, and its outer edge is folded down about 50mm and is dripped the eaves, and interior edge and the interior outer edge of remaining flat ring board are all folded down about 20mm high, and the lock leaves the lapse interval between flat ring board 5211, and perpendicular ring board 5212 plays the manger plate effect. The outer eaves of dripping of flat crown plate and the binding off vertical crown plate of the top are fixed in the overhanging end of W shaped steel piece and the interior end of rolling over respectively with the bolt, and when the trunk was carried wind and is shaken dynamic compression and tensile skeleton, vertical crown plate 5212 promoted the flat crown plate of top earlier and removed in the rain-proof apron, removed to detain and promote the removal of second block crown plate when the eaves sticiss again, realize that rain-proof cap can elastic pass can rain-proof effect again. According to the ventilation volume of rain, there is the clearance of width 50mm ~ 100mm between knot formula rain-proof apron internal orifice and the trunk, and the clearance between rain-proof apron and trunk is little intake, and knot formula rain-proof apron does not intake with the clearance of prefabricated sleeve.
Fig. 21 shows a specific embodiment of the closed thermal insulation rain hat. The elastic framework structure is basically identical to the embodiment shown in the attached fig. 19, and when the buckle type rain-proof cover structure is implemented, the embodiment shown in the attached fig. 19 is referred to, and is modified in a supplementary way: the other flat ring plates 5211 are two layers of hollow transparent stress plates with air layers, except for the uppermost vertical ring plate 5212. And sealing strips are embedded in the upper and lower buckling eaves of each layer of the flat ring plate and the end of the vertical ring plate which is in contact transition, and the sealing strips are mainly through-perimeter ethylene-propylene-diene monomer weather-resistant rubber sealing strips. The fixed stay of big bottom ring board lays the one deck and leads to girth polyester thick film, with flat ring board 5211 outside eaves of dripping fixed in prefabricated sleeve 51 lateral wall and with sealing strip or sealed gluey sealed outer joint, will aerify ring 5213 cover in the trunk, it is full of the trunk and rain-proof cap clearance to aerify, and make its both ends contact with the fastener closed, the seam crossing is beaten sealed waterproof glue, it is mostly the weather resistant macromolecular material tailor-made C type that aerifys ring 5213 and seals three air chamber elasticity and aerify the ring, it arranges highly to be the low inner ring height of outer loop. The vertical ring plate 5212 and the inflatable ring 5213 are covered with a weather-resistant stretch-draw film waterproof cape 5214, two ethylene propylene diene monomer weather-resistant rubber tensioning belts are used for sealing, one belt fastens the upper edge of the waterproof cape to the trunk, and the other belt fastens the lower edge of the waterproof cape to the vertical ring plate 5212. Two PVC thin pipes are oppositely buried between the lower edge of the waterproof cape 5214 and the vertical ring plate 5212, so that most of leaked water can be drained along the slope even if the waterproof cape on the upper surface fails to leak water. In specific implementation, the principle of manufacturing the inflation ring 5212 is that the independent three air chambers can still ensure the sealing function with pressure after one or two air chambers leak air, and the material of the three air chambers can still keep a natural and basically full-filled state after full air leakage, so that the normal use is not influenced basically. The inflation ring 5213 and the waterproof cape 5214 thereon can be replaced by year.
The concrete implementation of the top plate tree hole node structure can also select materials and adjust the method according to the regional difference and the actual situation. In the specific implementation, the overflow pipe of a general rainfall area can be increased to about 50-150 mm, the overflow pipe of a drought area can be higher or even higher according to the vegetation condition and experience, and a special water filtering and draining pipeline can be additionally arranged at the low water level of a rainy and waterlogging-prone area and is connected with a site rainwater draining pipeline. The parking unit can also be provided with 0-2 tree holes or an overflow guide pipe is arranged in the partition unit, when the water level and the water quantity are controlled difficultly to be determined, a large amount of water can be taken and a plurality of elbow points are distributed, and a part of elbows can be connected with valves or plugs for standby or adjustment of the water quantity.
6. Implementation of expansion of top plate tree hole node structure
The inner opening of the rain hat of the utility model can be expanded along with the growth of the tree diameter, and the specific process of the expansion of the structure is shown in the attached drawing 20.
Fig. 20 shows three general diagrams of the expansion stages of the inner opening structure of the rain hat along with the growth of the tree diameter. The following figure shows that after the three-layer flat ring plate 5211 is installed in the initial structure, the tree can adapt to the tree diameter within 300mm, and the ventilation gap can be maintained when the tree diameter is within 250 mm. The uppermost flat ring plate 5211 may be removed when the tree diameter reaches 300 mm.
The middle diagram shows that the vertical ring plate expands corresponding inner diameter after the flat ring plate 5211 at the uppermost layer is removed, the combined W-shaped steel sheet in the elastic framework is disassembled to remove the inverted V-shaped connecting steel sheet in the middle, the other two steel sheets are sleeved and folded into a new V shape, the inner diameter of the corrugated hoop is adjusted and amplified to be bolted with the V-shaped steel sheet to form an expanded new elastic framework, a defensive cover plate with an expanded inner opening is fixed on the new elastic framework, the tree diameter can adapt to the tree diameter of 300 mm-500 mm, and a certain ventilation gap can be kept when the diameter is below 450 mm; the second layer of annular plates 5211 are removed when the tree diameter reaches 500 mm.
The upper diagram shows that when the flat ring plate 5211 at the middle layer is removed, the V-shaped steel sheet is removed from the elastic steel sheet, one wing of the elastic steel sheet is directly fixed on the inner opening of the concrete sleeve, the wave-shaped hoop is not necessary, the remaining last layer of flat ring plate is not directly fixed, and the inner cornice is clamped by the ring plate fixed on the steel elastic sheet, so that the flat ring plate can swing with the trunk to translate in a small range. At the moment, the adaptable tree diameter is 500 mm-600 mm, and the rain-proof cap can be detached when the tree diameter exceeds 550mm, so that the gap ventilation is facilitated. The tree diameter can be controlled by measures such as building a tree crown, controlling water and the like.
The tree diameter of the tree planting belt of the previous standard parking unit is 600mm, the vehicle bit width is 2500mm, the width is 2400mm larger than the parking space bottom limit, a room for tree diameter development is reserved, at the moment, the ground can be lifted by 200mm according to the specification, the limit tree diameter is 600mm +400mm, and the tree diameter at the sleeve tree hole can be expanded to full according to the maximum tree diameter of 600 mm-700 mm. When more extreme conditions occur, the concrete sleeve with the larger lower part and the smaller upper part can be removed to be changed into the large-caliber sleeve.
The above expressions are the rain hat expansion process of the roof tree hole node structure of the parking garage, but the rain hat expansion process is not limited to the parking garage.
7. Selection and transplantation of tree species in embodiments
The method can be divided into two conditions according to the different requirements of building space height on the trunk height of the tree, the first condition is that the tree trunk is covered with a soil layer with a top plate, the branch height of the tree trunk is about one meter from the indoor net height to the top plate to the soil covering elevation, if the net height of the indoor top plate of a steel structure mechanical interlayer of a parking garage is about 3.9 meters, the trunk of the transplanted tree seedling needs about 5 meters, and if the tree trunk does not need to be an interlayer, the trunk needs about 4 meters. The second is not to cover the soil horizon, and trunk branch height is the way elevation of indoor net height roof to roof surface course, like above-mentioned garage does not have the soil horizon but keeps steel structure machinery intermediate layer, then the trunk needs about 4.3 meters, does not do the intermediate layer then only need about 3 meters. The trunk branch height range of the transplanted tree seedlings is about 3-5 m.
Selecting transplanted tree species: the trunk of the tree species is clearly divided and the branch height is higher, the growth of the tree diameter is slower after transplanting, and the tree species is pruning-resistant. Such as ginkgo, Chinese scholartree, zelkova schneideriana, red maple, American red maple, white wax, southern magnolia, red magnolia, ligustrum lucidum, and the like. The tree seed root system is selected according to the geological prospecting condition, if the underground original soil is deeper, the deep root system tree seed is preferentially selected, and the tree seed with the root system in the underground water saturated layer is selected to be resistant to underground water soaking, and the like.
Transplanting technical measures and requirements: for the condition that the seedling supply needs to be inspected in advance when the trunk branch height needs to be higher, the tree seedling supply is preset in advance, the tree seedling is trimmed and grown in a growth period, and the underground original soil of the building needs to be sampled and analyzed to determine the selection of a proper tree species. The holes reserved on the structural top plate are matched with the pre-set stumps of the transplanted seedlings, and the square hole openings can be used for conveniently moving the stumps with locally protruded parts. The original soil quality of the tree pit is harsh or the planting soil can be changed locally to ensure the survival rate of the tree, and the original soil quality is generally 1.2-1.5 m and has a cubic structure. After the seedlings are transplanted, the exposed crown is separated from the ground, so that unfavorable personnel can enter the seedlings, lateral branches are trimmed from bottom to top gradually, as shown by the height of the crown from the ground, which is shown in the section attached figure 17, the lateral branches are trimmed in stages until the lateral branches are suitable for the use of the field and the landscape requirements, generally, the personnel can not enter the seedlings after the lowest branches are trimmed to the height of 2.4 meters, and the trees can be shaped completely or stopped according to the landscape requirements after the lowest branches are 4 meters.
8. Application scope
The utility model discloses because the condition that groundwater spills over is not considered on ground, or ground has a small amount of groundwater to spill over but is equipped with the condition that reliable drainage facility can guarantee that the overflow derives completely, the application scope of settlement as follows:
(1) the highest underground water level is ensured to be lower than the building ground or the area outside the building local closed waterproof enclosure structure, and no other dangerous factors causing the underground water level of the site to exceed the building ground exist for underground and semi-underground garages for non-civil air defense applications and other public buildings and facilities with similar structural forms. And a water filtering and draining channel or a water draining pipe is additionally arranged on the outer side of the enclosure structure and is lower than the ground to lead to a water collecting or draining facility for ensuring, so that unpredictable overflowing water is prevented.
(2) The slope building project or the building has large height difference to ensure that at least one side of the building with lower topography is free from earthing or the free surface has low-height earthing but the side, the periphery of the building and the underground periphery have reliable and enough drainage facilities leading to peripheral flood discharge facilities or the condition of natural low topography, and the garage or the building or the facilities with similar structural forms with no possibility of flooding is determined;
(3) above ground parking garages or other similar structural forms of single-story public buildings.
(4) If the building is required to be provided with the civil air defense facility, the civil air defense facility is separated from the structure, and the building is required to meet the civil air defense design specification.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a tree planting of building roof afforestation falls to ground structure, includes diagonal crossing composite construction and roof tree hole node structure, its characterized in that: the diagonal cross composite structure comprises a functional grid, a structural grid and a tree planting grid; the functional grid is a quadrilateral frame structural grid with economic span, and the structural grid is consistent with the functional grid in position or in diagonal cross relation with the functional grid on the functional unit; the structural grid is quadrilateral and comprises structural columns and structural beams, wherein the structural columns are positioned at the intersection points of the structural grid, and the structural beams are positioned at the grid lines of the structural grid; the tree planting grid is quadrilateral and comprises tree planting points, and the tree planting points are positioned in the diagonal direction of the structural grid and have no conflict with the structural columns and the structural beams; the top plate tree hole node structure is located at a tree hole of a top plate of the building.
2. A tree planting floor structure for building roof greening as claimed in claim 1, wherein said tree planting point is corresponding to the top tree hole and ground tree hole of the building, said tree planting grid and structural grid are adjusted according to the actual need when they are combined, said functional unit is set or not set according to the building function.
3. The structure of claim 1, wherein the building is a single-storey or a public building or facility with a local interlayer in the middle, including a parking garage; the building top plate comprises an earth covering top plate and an earth covering free top plate, when the tree hole of the building top plate is in a tree-hole mode, the size of a hole opening is 800-1500 mm or the hole opening is matched with a single transplanted tree seedling, and the position of the hole opening is determined by a plane function or determined by the plane function and the diagonal crossing composite structure; when other top plate opening forms are adopted, the positions of the tree planting points or the tree planting grids and the ground bearing structure or the top plate structure or one of the two also have the characteristics of the diagonal crossing composite structure.
4. The structure of claim 1, wherein for a parking garage building, the functional grid is a new parking grid of quadruple parking spaces and quintuplet parking spaces, including a dynamic driving grid for short and a static grid of quadruple or quintuplet parking spaces for short and a static grid for short; the functional units are novel parking units formed by novel parking grids, each parking unit is composed of 1-2 static grids and 1 dynamic grid, the dynamic grids can be shared between adjacent parking units, and the units are separated by structural columns; the diagonal direction refers to the diagonal direction and the diagonal direction; the parking unit comprises a broadening tree planting belt which is positioned in the middle of a static grid of the parking grid.
5. A roof greening tree-planting floor structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein for buildings outside the parking garage, said diagonal direction is on the diagonal and in the diagonal direction, and further comprising a direction parallel to the diagonal of the structural grid or within an angle of 15 ° to each side of the diagonal of the structural grid; the tree planting grid is a grid formed by a determinant tree array which meets the greening requirements and spacing requirements of trees in a sheet form and is obtained by using the least amount of tree planting, and the grid comprises a grid for increasing tree planting points on the grid.
6. The tree planting landing structure for building roof greening according to claim 1, wherein the roof tree hole node structure comprises a prefabricated sleeve, a rain-proof cap, a water receiving ring plate and an overflow guide pipe, the prefabricated sleeve has a large lower opening and a small upper opening, the lower opening is sleeved on the upper turning edge of the tree hole, and the upper opening bears the rain-proof cap; the rain-proof cap is arranged between the upper opening of the prefabricated sleeve and the trunk and comprises a folding-buckling type rain-proof cover plate and an elastic framework, the folding-buckling type rain-proof cover plate comprises a flat ring plate and a vertical ring plate, the flat ring plate is provided with a plurality of layers of belt buckle eaves, and the vertical ring plate and the flat ring plate are fixed at two ends of the elastic framework; the elastic framework is fixed on the sleeve; the water receiving ring disc is positioned at the lower opening of the tree hole, the lower part of the water receiving ring disc is provided with a convex surface, the convex surface is provided with a side opening or a vent hole, and the outer edge of the water receiving ring disc is fixed on the elastic framework and is connected with the lower opening of the prefabricated sleeve; the overflow honeycomb duct set up at tree hole mouth, including overflow pipe and honeycomb duct, the overflow pipe pass building roof structure layer tree hole mouth, the honeycomb duct link to each other with the overflow pipe and follow trunk direction tree hole.
7. A tree planting and landing structure for building roof greening according to claim 6, wherein said rain-proof caps are divided into ventilation gap type rain-proof caps and closed heat preservation type rain-proof caps, said ventilation gap type rain-proof caps are used for buildings with ventilation requirement but not strict waterproof requirement, such as parking garage, etc., and ventilation gaps are left between the inner vertical ring plate and the trunk, and between the bottom surface of the outer flat ring plate and the top end of the side wall of the sleeve.
8. The tree planting floor structure for building roof greening according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the rain hat uses a closed heat preservation type rain hat for a building which is used by personnel with closed and thermal requirements, the structure further comprises an inflation ring, a sealing strip and a waterproof cape, a flat ring plate of the rain hat is made of hollow double-layer transparent materials, and double-sealing is embedded between the flat ring plate and the prefabricated sleeve; the inflatable ring is positioned between the vertical ring plate and the trunk, the sealing strip is positioned at the pushing end of the upper and lower buckling eaves of the flat ring plate, and the waterproof cover is covered on the vertical ring plate and the inflatable ring.
9. The structure as claimed in claim 8, wherein the water-receiving ring plate is made of transparent PC or PVC plastic; the inflatable ring is a multi-air-chamber C-shaped elastic inflatable ring with a top surface which is high inside and low outside.
10. The tree planting floor structure for building roof greening according to claim 1 or 3, wherein when the building outer enclosure is completely or partially buried with soil, a drainage channel or a drainage pipeline which is lower than the elevation of the building ground is arranged on the outer side of the outer corner of the soil-buried side wall and the ground and leads to a reliable drainage collection facility; the ground is subjected to non-integral waterproof pavement design adapting to the growth and expansion force of tree roots; and the interior of the building and the ground are designed into a drainage and diversion system.
CN201920064371.4U 2019-01-15 2019-01-15 Tree planting landing structure for greening building roof Expired - Fee Related CN211960208U (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110140546A (en) * 2019-01-15 2019-08-20 侯德尚 A kind of the tree planting landing method and its top plate treehole node structure of building top greening

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110140546A (en) * 2019-01-15 2019-08-20 侯德尚 A kind of the tree planting landing method and its top plate treehole node structure of building top greening
CN110140546B (en) * 2019-01-15 2024-04-19 侯德尚 Tree planting and landing method for building roof greening and roof tree hole node structure thereof

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