CN108360761B - A roof planting method for rainwater utilization and load reduction, water saving and root control - Google Patents

A roof planting method for rainwater utilization and load reduction, water saving and root control Download PDF

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CN108360761B
CN108360761B CN201810081596.0A CN201810081596A CN108360761B CN 108360761 B CN108360761 B CN 108360761B CN 201810081596 A CN201810081596 A CN 201810081596A CN 108360761 B CN108360761 B CN 108360761B
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water
rainwater
roof
planting
water storage
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CN108360761A (en
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周成
党晓强
刘恩龙
龚震
陈群
张茹
陈晓红
李红梅
戴�峰
谭昌明
聂影
王琛
杨文琦
吴美苏
王涵
黄月华
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Sichuan University
Chengdu Technology Co Ltd
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Chengdu Technology Co Ltd
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/23Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G27/00Self-acting watering devices, e.g. for flower-pots
    • A01G27/04Self-acting watering devices, e.g. for flower-pots using wicks or the like
    • A01G27/06Self-acting watering devices, e.g. for flower-pots using wicks or the like having a water reservoir, the main part thereof being located wholly around or directly beside the growth substrate
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03BINSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B3/00Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
    • E03B3/02Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/04Roof drainage; Drainage fittings in flat roofs, balconies or the like
    • E04D13/0404Drainage on the roof surface
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/04Roof drainage; Drainage fittings in flat roofs, balconies or the like
    • E04D13/0404Drainage on the roof surface
    • E04D2013/0495Drainage on the roof surface to storage tanks
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/108Rainwater harvesting
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y02A30/254Roof garden systems; Roof coverings with high solar reflectance
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B80/00Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
    • Y02B80/32Roof garden systems

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种雨水利用和减载节水控根的屋顶种植方法,采用特殊基质的盆栽植株制作多个以路相隔为邻的一米菜园的方法来代替满堂覆土种植,以减轻重量,还可以利用盆底空气隔绝技术自动控根,以便避免满堂覆土种植中根系损坏楼板的问题,同时根据降雨强度大小采取三种方式楼顶海绵砖—雨水收集膜—外墙上雨水收集管相结合的方法,进行雨水收集利用,同时联合滴灌‑根灌技术进行节水。本发明能实现屋顶种植中雨水合理利用以节约水资源,同时避免屋顶种植满堂覆土超出楼板荷载和覆土种植根系损坏楼板问题。

The invention provides a roof planting method for rainwater utilization and load reduction, water saving and root control. The potted plants of special substrates are used to make a plurality of one-meter vegetable gardens separated by roads to replace the planting of the whole house covered with soil, so as to reduce the weight and reduce the weight. The air isolation technology at the bottom of the basin can be used to automatically control the roots, so as to avoid the problem of root damage to the floor in the planting of the whole house. At the same time, according to the intensity of rainfall, three methods are adopted to combine sponge bricks on the roof-rainwater collection membrane-rainwater collection pipes on the outer wall The method is to collect and utilize rainwater, and at the same time combine drip irrigation-root irrigation technology to save water. The invention can realize the rational use of rainwater in roof planting to save water resources, and at the same time avoid the problems that the roof planting full of soil exceeds the floor load and the root system of the soil-covered planting damages the floor.

Description

一种雨水利用和减载节水控根的屋顶种植方法A roof planting method for rainwater utilization and load reduction, water saving and root control

技术领域technical field

本发明属于生态建筑和海绵城市市政行业屋顶种植技术领域,具体涉及一种雨水利用和减载节水控根的屋顶种植方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of roof planting of ecological buildings and sponge city municipal industries, and in particular relates to a roof planting method for rainwater utilization, load reduction, water saving and root control.

背景技术Background technique

屋顶种植不但可以起到降温隔热、美化环境、净化空气、改善局部小气候的效果,还能丰富城市的俯仰景观,补偿建筑物占用的城市绿化面积,大大提高了城市的绿化覆盖率,是一种值得大力推广的屋面形式。目前正在逐渐兴起的第四代建筑要求大力发展屋顶和立体空间种植技术,国家也专门制定了相关行业激励政策和技术规程和规范。Roof planting can not only cool down and insulate the environment, beautify the environment, purify the air, and improve the local microclimate, but also enrich the city's pitched landscape, compensate for the urban green area occupied by buildings, and greatly increase the city's green coverage. It is a roof form worthy of vigorous promotion. The fourth-generation architecture that is gradually emerging requires the vigorous development of roof and three-dimensional space planting technologies. The state has also specially formulated relevant industry incentive policies and technical regulations and specifications.

屋顶种植技术目前主要面临几大技术瓶颈问题,一个是满堂种植几十厘米厚的基质层需要大量的种植土,搬运到楼顶困难,而且容易加剧楼顶板负荷,即使采用轻质土也容易突破规范规定的荷载上限,使得大部分的屋顶不可实施。再则覆土中的根系会损伤楼板,因此需要采用阻根层等特殊技术措施,致使成本难以控制。此外夏季养护困难,烈日高温需要每天都要浇水,但地表蒸发量远远大于植物的蒸腾量,造成很大的水资源浪费。这些都导致目前屋顶种植和屋顶花园费用过高而很难推广开来。Roof planting technology currently faces several major technical bottlenecks. One is that planting a substrate layer tens of centimeters thick requires a large amount of planting soil, which is difficult to transport to the roof, and it is easy to increase the load on the roof slab, even if light soil is used. Breaking through the upper limit of the load specified by the code makes most roofs unfeasible. Furthermore, the root system in the covering soil will damage the floor slab, so special technical measures such as root-blocking layer are required, which makes it difficult to control the cost. In addition, maintenance is difficult in summer, and hot sun and high temperature require watering every day, but the surface evaporation is far greater than the transpiration of plants, resulting in a great waste of water resources. All of these have led to the high cost of roof planting and roof gardens and it is difficult to promote them.

对于降雨目前都还没有做到充分收集利用,一场降雨一场排,这也造成很大的屋顶水资源浪费。在全球变暖的大环境下,夏季城市的热岛效应和雨岛效应越来越显著。如果能把屋顶的降雨充分收集利用于屋顶种植,不但可以减少屋顶吸收的大量太阳辐射热量,以减少空调使用,还可以利用城市大面积的屋顶植被和设施蓄水来减缓降雨对城市内涝的加剧作用,起到吸热和吸水海绵的作用,配合目前海绵城市建设的热潮,兴建空中海绵之城,这对于老居民区的海绵城市工程改造意义更大。The rainfall has not yet been fully collected and utilized, and one rainfall is discharged one by one, which also causes a lot of waste of roof water resources. Under the environment of global warming, the urban heat island effect and rain island effect in summer are becoming more and more significant. If the rainfall on the roof can be fully collected and used for roof planting, it will not only reduce the large amount of solar radiation heat absorbed by the roof to reduce the use of air conditioners, but also use the large area of roof vegetation and water storage facilities in the city to slow down the intensification of rainfall on urban waterlogging It plays the role of a heat-absorbing and water-absorbing sponge. In line with the current upsurge of sponge city construction, the construction of a sponge city in the sky is of greater significance to the sponge city engineering transformation of old residential areas.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足,提供一种雨水利用和减载节水控根的屋顶种植方法,实现屋顶种植中雨水合理利用以节约水资源,同时避免屋顶种植满堂覆土超出楼板荷载和覆土种植根系损坏楼板问题。The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the prior art, to provide a roof planting method for rainwater utilization and load reduction, water saving, water saving and root control, so as to realize the rational utilization of rainwater in roof planting to save water resources, and at the same time prevent the roof planting from being full of soil beyond the load of the floor And cover soil planting root damage floor problem.

本发明的思路是:采用特殊基质的盆栽植株制作多个以路相隔为邻的一米菜园的方法来代替满堂覆土种植,以减轻重量,还可以利用空气隔绝技术自动控根,以便避免满堂覆土种植中根系损坏楼板的问题,同时结合雨水收集利用和联合滴灌-根灌技术进行节水。The idea of the present invention is to use potted plants with special substrates to make a plurality of one-meter vegetable gardens separated by roads to replace the planting of the whole house covered with soil, so as to reduce the weight, and the air isolation technology can also be used to automatically control the roots, so as to avoid the full house covered with soil The problem of root system damage to the floor during planting, combined with rainwater collection and utilization and combined drip irrigation-root irrigation technology to save water.

基于以上思路,本发明提供一种雨水利用和减载节水控根的屋顶种植方法,在楼顶空间按矩形划分布置若干相互间隔分布的种植单元和人行道,在种植单元中阵列布置盆栽蔬菜或盆栽花卉苗木,每个盆栽底部通过设置垫块与楼顶地面隔离形成一定间距形成空气阻根层,以便利用空气隔绝阻根技术自动控根,以与人行道平行方向为列,如果盆栽容器底侧容易开孔,在每两列盆栽之间布置贯通种植单元的蓄水管;如果盆栽容器是陶瓷底侧不宜开孔,则在每列盆栽底部与楼顶地面之间的间隙中布置蓄水管;在楼顶修建用于蓄积雨水的蓄水池,在排列好的蓄水管正上方垂直于蓄水管方向布置与蓄水池连通的输水管,并在输水管上和蓄水管对应位置上分别开设对接的滴水孔和接水孔,使输水管中的水滴入蓄水管中;在蓄水管上对应盆栽的位置开设吸水孔,将吸水带一端插入吸水孔中,另一端置入蓄水管就近的盆栽种植基质中,实现水分供给;在楼顶设置与蓄水池连通的雨水收集设施,将收集到的雨水加入蓄水池。Based on the above ideas, the present invention provides a roof planting method for rainwater utilization, load reduction, water saving, and root control. In the roof space, a number of planting units and sidewalks are arranged at intervals, and potted vegetables or vegetables are arranged in arrays in the planting units. For potted flower seedlings, the bottom of each potted plant is isolated from the roof and the ground to form a certain distance to form an air-blocking root layer, so that the roots can be automatically controlled by using the air-isolated root-blocking technology, and the row is parallel to the sidewalk. It is easy to open holes, and a water storage pipe that runs through the planting unit is arranged between every two rows of potted plants; if the bottom side of the potted plant container is not suitable for opening holes, then a water storage pipe is arranged in the gap between the bottom of each row of potted plants and the ground on the roof ; Build a storage tank for storing rainwater on the roof of the building, arrange a water delivery pipe connected to the storage tank directly above the arranged storage pipe and perpendicular to the direction of the storage pipe, and place a corresponding position on the water delivery pipe with the storage pipe The drip hole and the water receiving hole are separately set up on the top, so that the water in the water delivery pipe drips into the water storage pipe; the water suction hole is set on the position corresponding to the potted plant on the water storage pipe, and one end of the water absorption belt is inserted into the water suction hole, and the other end is inserted into the water storage pipe. Water supply is realized in the potted planting substrate near the water storage pipe; a rainwater collection facility connected to the reservoir is installed on the roof, and the collected rainwater is added to the reservoir.

在本发明的技术方案中,根据降雨强度大小采取三种方式设置雨水收集设施:楼顶海绵砖—雨水收集膜—外墙上雨水收集管。In the technical solution of the present invention, rainwater collection facilities are arranged in three ways according to the rainfall intensity: sponge bricks on the roof-rainwater collection film-rainwater collection pipes on the outer wall.

楼顶海绵砖具体是,在人行道上铺设吸收降雨的海绵块、海绵砖或袋装锯末,并在蓄水池上方设置用于降雨后收集放置海绵砖挤水用的格栅。降雨以后可以把每块海绵砖或袋装锯末叠起置于蓄水池顶部竹排格栅上,并在顶面压载把雨水挤出流到蓄水池蓄起。The sponge brick on the roof is specifically, laying sponge blocks, sponge bricks or bagged sawdust to absorb rainfall on the sidewalk, and setting a grid above the reservoir for collecting and placing the sponge brick to squeeze water after rainfall. After the rainfall, each piece of sponge brick or bagged sawdust can be stacked and placed on the bamboo raft grille on the top of the reservoir, and the top surface is ballasted to squeeze the rainwater out to the reservoir for storage.

雨水收集膜具体是,在每个种植单元正上方一定高度空间,沿盆栽列向牵引铁丝或横杆,架设或固定在女儿墙顶。需要收集降雨或做保温棚时,则将塑料薄膜直接搭在铁丝上,薄膜两侧边缘固定在种植单元边缘处,形成雨水收集膜,并在其底部的楼顶地面设置雨水收集槽,把收集的雨水汇流收集到蓄水池。塑料薄膜还在冬季作为保温棚使用,此时最好使用双层间隔的薄膜。Specifically, the rainwater collection film is a certain height space directly above each planting unit, pulling iron wires or crossbars along the direction of the potted plants, and erecting or fixing them on the top of the parapet. When it is necessary to collect rainfall or make a heat preservation shed, the plastic film is directly placed on the iron wire, and the edges of both sides of the film are fixed on the edge of the planting unit to form a rainwater collection film, and a rainwater collection tank is set on the roof of the bottom of the building to collect water. The rainwater is collected into the cistern. Plastic film is also used as an insulation shed in winter, and it is best to use a double-layer spaced film at this time.

外墙上雨水收集管具体是,在建筑物外墙上和女儿墙设置雨水收集管路系统,包括与建筑物落水管连通,分流建筑物落水管中的水的雨水导管和多根雨水收集管。多根雨水收集管用绳索缠绕连接成软梯,软梯用绳索沿建筑物外墙和女儿墙悬挂,且位于最高程上的一根雨水收集管位于雨水导管下方,收集来自雨水导管的雨水,每相邻两根雨水收集管末端用两端带塞子的软管联通,使雨水在整体软梯中的流路呈S形,外墙上的上层收集管雨水满了自动下流到下一层,直至每根集水管都收集满雨水。进一步优化的,在多根雨水收集管形成的软梯最下方设置固定在外墙上的托架或角钢,以支撑软梯,并从楼顶女儿墙到托架上牵引固定两根垂向绳索将软梯贴墙束缚,从楼顶女儿墙到软梯左右两侧牵引固定两根与软梯呈一定角度的斜向绳索,将软梯沿垂向和侧向束缚。可以在女儿墙内侧楼顶上设置辘轳和滑轮,用于牵引绳索提升外墙上的蓄水管至屋顶。The rainwater collection pipe on the outer wall is specifically, the rainwater collection pipeline system is arranged on the outer wall of the building and the parapet wall, including a rainwater conduit and a plurality of rainwater collection pipes that communicate with the building downspout and divert the water in the downspout of the building. A plurality of rainwater collection pipes are wound and connected with ropes to form a soft ladder, and the soft ladder is hung along the exterior wall and parapet wall of the building with ropes, and a rainwater collection pipe on the highest elevation is located under the rainwater conduit to collect rainwater from the rainwater conduit. The ends of the two rainwater collection pipes are connected by hoses with plugs at both ends, so that the flow path of rainwater in the overall ladder is S-shaped. The rainwater on the upper collection pipe on the outer wall is full and automatically flows down to the next floor until each collection pipe The water pipes are filled with rainwater. For further optimization, a bracket or angle steel fixed on the outer wall is set at the bottom of the ladder formed by multiple rainwater collection pipes to support the ladder, and two vertical ropes are drawn and fixed from the parapet on the roof to the bracket to attach the ladder to the bracket. Wall restraint, from the parapet on the roof to the left and right sides of the ladder, draw and fix two oblique ropes at a certain angle to the ladder, and restrain the ladder vertically and laterally. A potter's wheel and a pulley can be set on the roof inside the parapet wall to pull the rope to lift the water storage pipe on the outer wall to the roof.

在本发明的技术方案中,在雨水较少的季节或晴天,可在楼顶设置与自来水管网连通,用于向蓄水池中补水的补水龙头,保证水池水位,保持植物蒸腾和盆栽表层蒸发丧失的水分不大于蓄水塑料管中吸纳的滴水量,以便使得盆栽节水透气,同时避免传统直接的表面滴灌致使盆栽水分过快蒸发或过于潮湿而使得根系缺氧。In the technical solution of the present invention, in seasons with less rain or on sunny days, a water supply faucet connected to the tap water pipe network and used to replenish water in the reservoir can be installed on the roof of the building to ensure the water level of the pool and keep the plant transpiration and the surface of the potted plant. The water lost by evaporation is not greater than the amount of drip water absorbed in the water storage plastic pipe, so as to make the potted plants water-saving and breathable, and at the same time avoid the traditional direct surface drip irrigation, which will cause the potted plants to evaporate too quickly or be too humid, which will cause the root system to lack oxygen.

在本发明的技术方案中,进一步优化的,对于蓄水管布置在每两列盆栽之间的情况,吸水孔设置在蓄水管两侧的每两个盆栽之间,将两条吸水带一端同时插入该吸水孔中,另一端分别从盆栽下侧部植入盆栽的种植基质内。对于蓄水管布置在盆栽下方空间的情况,对应于每个盆栽底部中心开设吸水孔,将吸水带一端插入吸水孔中,另一端从盆栽底部植入盆栽的种植基质内。In the technical solution of the present invention, further optimized, for the case where the water storage pipe is arranged between every two rows of potted plants, the water absorption holes are arranged between every two potted plants on both sides of the water storage pipe, and one end of the two water absorption belts Simultaneously, the water absorption holes are inserted, and the other ends are respectively implanted into the planting matrix of the potted plants from the lower side of the potted plants. For the situation that the water storage pipe is arranged in the space below the potted plants, a water-absorbing hole is provided at the center of each potted plant, one end of the water-absorbing tape is inserted into the water-absorbing hole, and the other end is implanted in the planting substrate of the potted plant from the bottom of the potted plant.

在本发明的技术方案中,进一步优化的,对于直接铺设草皮或种菜、土层厚度不大、又不怕草根损坏楼板的屋顶,可以把蓄水管布置在草皮土层的底部,蓄水管上每隔10-15厘米设置吸水孔,将两条吸水带一端同时插入该吸水孔中,另一端分别铺设在草皮底部土层内。In the technical solution of the present invention, further optimized, for directly laying turf or planting vegetables, the thickness of the soil layer is not large, and the roof that is not afraid of grass roots damaging the floor, the water storage pipe can be arranged at the bottom of the turf soil layer, and the water storage pipe Set water-absorbing holes every 10-15 cm on the top, insert one end of two water-absorbing tapes into the water-absorbing holes at the same time, and lay the other ends in the soil layer at the bottom of the turf respectively.

在本发明的技术方案中,进一步优化的,种植单元宽度为1-1.5m,以便人们可以从两侧伸手可采摘,俗称一米菜园。In the technical solution of the present invention, further optimized, the width of the planting unit is 1-1.5m, so that people can reach and pick from both sides, commonly known as a one-meter vegetable garden.

在本发明的技术方案中,进一步优化的,所述盆栽的种植基质外层为疏松透气材料层,内部为消毒除虫的疏松土,表层为泥化硬化层。In the technical solution of the present invention, further optimized, the outer layer of the potted planting substrate is a loose and breathable material layer, the inner layer is loose soil for disinfection and deworming, and the surface layer is a muddy hardened layer.

所述盆栽中的特殊基质是指内部为消毒除虫的疏松土、外壳层为疏松材料例如秸秆纤维、锯末、或废旧海绵块等形成的透气的轻质材料,促使根系不集束式锥状而是圆柱状生长。由于发明中不是依靠密实的基质的孔隙来传输毛细水,而是主要利用吸水带作为毛细管从蓄水塑料管中传输给基质和根系,因此这些易吸水的外壳层材料不会像容器钵顶部滴灌或浇水那样会潮湿发热,吸水带传递的水分主要供给内层的疏松土。这种特殊构造由于外壳层和内层基质都疏松透气处于非饱和状态,可以保证根系发育生长的合理空间分布,而不是象传统花盆基质中植物根系集束式锥状生长模式,可以使得疏松基质与根系有机结合。The special substrate in the potted plant refers to the air-permeable lightweight material formed by loose soil for disinfection and deworming inside, and the outer shell layer is loose materials such as straw fibers, sawdust, or waste sponge blocks, so that the roots are not clustered and cone-shaped. It is cylindrical growth. Since the invention does not rely on the pores of the dense substrate to transmit capillary water, but mainly uses the water-absorbing belt as a capillary to transmit water from the water storage plastic tube to the substrate and root system, so these water-absorbing shell materials will not be like drip irrigation on the top of the container bowl. Or watering will cause humidity and heat, and the moisture transferred by the water-absorbing belt is mainly supplied to the loose soil in the inner layer. This special structure can ensure the reasonable spatial distribution of root development and growth due to the loose and air-permeable state of the outer shell layer and the inner layer matrix, instead of the clustered cone-shaped growth mode of plant roots in the traditional flowerpot matrix, which can make the loose matrix Organically combined with the root system.

在本发明的技术方案中,空气隔绝阻根技术指把盆栽直接放置在屋顶,且利用垫块保证盆栽容器底部与楼顶底板之间存在一定间隙,利用空气阻根把根系限制在容器内部,而不是把植株种植在屋顶的覆土里使得根系在黑暗的世界里往混凝土里扎进,这样避免根系伤及屋顶楼板。In the technical solution of the present invention, the technology of air isolation and root blocking refers to placing the potted plants directly on the roof, and using pads to ensure that there is a certain gap between the bottom of the potting container and the floor of the roof, and using air to block the roots to limit the root system inside the container. Instead of planting the plants in the covering soil of the roof, the roots will penetrate into the concrete in the dark world, so as to prevent the roots from damaging the roof slab.

在所谓的盆栽蔬菜或花卉苗木屋顶种植模式中,移动式盆栽结合特殊基质直接作为植被层和基质层,可以实现移步换形,可以随时改变屋顶种植的内容和格局,甚至可以在坡屋面上逐排结合拦挡杆布置。In the so-called roof planting mode of potted vegetables or flower seedlings, mobile potted plants are combined with special substrates directly as the vegetation layer and substrate layer, which can realize step-by-step transformation, and can change the content and pattern of roof planting at any time, even on sloping roofs. Row by row combined with barrier bar arrangement.

本发明是基于在研的国家自然科学基金面上项目(No:51579167)的资助。The present invention is based on the funding of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No: 51579167).

与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1.本发明所述方法实现了屋顶雨水收集利用,通过屋顶海绵砖和外墙体的多道水平的雨水收集管收集降雨,联合塑料膜集水和水池蓄水,有利于实现兴建空中海绵之城,解决城市热岛和雨岛难题。1. The method of the present invention realizes roof rainwater collection and utilization, collects rainfall through the multi-channel horizontal rainwater collection pipes of roof sponge bricks and outer walls, and combines plastic film water collection and pool water storage, which is conducive to realizing the construction of aerial sponges. city, solving the problems of urban heat island and rain island.

2.本发明所述方法中,封闭式的滴灌-根灌联合系统相比于传统覆膜滴灌技术,用一根短吸水带代替了长长的滴灌系统,不需要耗费动力费,可以在节水的同时高效供给根系水分和空气,还能减少地膜费用开支。与在薄层蓄水池式的一米菜园中直接放置盆栽的做法相比,该技术利用蓄水管代替薄层蓄水池也大大减少了水资源的蒸发浪费,还避免了盆栽直接坐在薄层蓄水池里造成盆栽基质的湿度过大的问题,使得基质一直处于非饱和状态。2. In the method of the present invention, compared with the traditional film-covered drip irrigation technology, the closed drip irrigation-root irrigation combined system replaces the long drip irrigation system with a short water-absorbing belt, which does not need to consume power and can save energy. Water can efficiently supply root moisture and air at the same time, and it can also reduce the cost of plastic film. Compared with the method of directly placing potted plants in a one-meter vegetable garden with thin-layer reservoirs, this technology uses water storage pipes instead of thin-layer reservoirs, which also greatly reduces the evaporation and waste of water resources, and avoids potted plants sitting directly The thin-layer reservoir causes the problem of excessive humidity of the potting substrate, which keeps the substrate in an unsaturated state.

3.本发明所述方法中,盆栽蔬菜或花卉苗木作为植被层和基质层,直接利用空气隔绝技术自动控根,联合集水和节水技术,省掉了常规屋顶种植需要的过滤层、排蓄水板层、隔根层和防水层等,既节约了材料费人工费,又减轻了楼顶负荷,大大拓宽了不同屋顶的适用范围,改善人居环境,还可以帮助居民通过盆栽蔬菜和花卉苗木的销售致富。3. In the method of the present invention, the potted vegetables or flower seedlings are used as the vegetation layer and the substrate layer, and the air isolation technology is used to automatically control the roots, and the combined water collection and water saving technology saves the filter layer and drainage required for conventional roof planting. The water storage board layer, the root layer and the waterproof layer, etc., not only save the material cost and labor cost, but also reduce the load on the roof, greatly broaden the scope of application of different roofs, improve the living environment, and help residents through potted vegetables and Get rich by selling flower seedlings.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明所述屋顶种植方案一的平面图(蓄水管位于每两列盆栽之间的情况);Fig. 1 is a plan view of the roof planting scheme one of the present invention (the water storage pipe is positioned between every two rows of potted plants);

图2为图1的Ⅰ-Ⅰ剖视图;Fig. 2 is the I-I sectional view of Fig. 1;

图3是本发明所述屋顶种植方案二的平面图(蓄水管位于每列盆栽下方的情况);Fig. 3 is the plan view of roof planting scheme two of the present invention (the water storage pipe is positioned at the situation below every row of potted plants);

图4为图3的Ⅱ-Ⅱ剖视图;Fig. 4 is the II-II sectional view of Fig. 3;

图5为输水管和蓄水管、蓄水池的平面布置图;Fig. 5 is the plane layout drawing of water delivery pipe, water storage pipe and reservoir;

图6为图5的侧视图;Figure 6 is a side view of Figure 5;

图7为降雨收集膜或保温棚布置示意的部分侧视图;Fig. 7 is a partial side view showing the layout of the rain collection film or the thermal insulation shed;

图8为降雨收集膜或保温棚布置示意的整体侧视图;Fig. 8 is a schematic overall side view of the layout of the rainfall collection film or the insulation shed;

图9为外墙平面内雨水收集管路系统的布置示意图;Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the rainwater collection pipeline system in the plane of the outer wall;

图10为图9的侧视图。FIG. 10 is a side view of FIG. 9 .

图中,1-盆栽蔬菜或花卉苗木,2-吸水带,3-蓄水塑料管上的吸水孔,4-人行道上的海绵块或扁平的袋装锯末,5-蓄水管,6-盆栽底垫块,7-输水管,8-蓄水池,9-输水管上的滴水孔,10-建筑物外墙上的落水管,11-外墙上的雨水收集管,12-角钢或托架支撑,13-垂直和斜拉绳,14-铁丝或横杆,15-塑料薄膜,16-兜住海绵块的无纺布,17-落水管内的阻水海绵块,18-塞子,19-软管,20-屋顶雨水收集槽,21-外墙,22-女儿墙,23-空气阻根层,24-屋顶上的辘轳和滑轮,25-雨水导管。In the figure, 1- potted vegetables or flower seedlings, 2- water-absorbing belt, 3- water-absorbing holes on the water storage plastic pipe, 4- sponge block or flat bagged sawdust on the sidewalk, 5- water storage pipe, 6- potted plants Bottom block, 7-water pipe, 8-reservoir, 9-drip hole on the water pipe, 10-downspout on the outer wall of the building, 11-rainwater collection pipe on the outer wall, 12-angle steel or bracket Support, 13-vertical and oblique stay rope, 14-iron wire or horizontal bar, 15-plastic film, 16-non-woven fabric for the sponge block, 17-water-blocking sponge block in the downpipe, 18-plug, 19-soft Pipe, 20-roof rainwater collection tank, 21-outer wall, 22-parapet wall, 23-air resistance root layer, 24-roof pulley and pulley, 25-rainwater conduit.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面通过具体实施方式对本发明所述雨水利用和减载节水控根的屋顶种植方法做进一步说明。The roof planting method for rainwater utilization, load reduction, water saving, and root control of the present invention will be further described below through specific implementation methods.

实施例1Example 1

一种雨水利用和减载节水控根的屋顶种植方法,在楼顶空间按矩形划分布置若干相互间隔分布的种植单元和人行道,在种植单元中阵列布置盆栽蔬菜或盆栽花卉苗木1,每个盆栽底部设置垫块使得盆栽底部与楼顶地面间保持一定间隙,以与人行道平行方向为列,在每两列盆栽之间布置贯通种植单元的蓄水管5,在楼顶修建用于蓄积雨水的蓄水池8,在排列好的蓄水管同一末端正上方垂直于蓄水管布置与蓄水池连通的输水管7,并在输水管上和蓄水管末端对应位置分别开设滴水孔9和接水孔,保证有水不间断滴入蓄水管中;在蓄水管上对应蓄水管两侧每两个盆栽开设吸水孔3,将两条吸水带一端同时插入该吸水孔中,另一端分别从盆栽下侧部植入盆栽的种植基质内。所述盆栽的种植基质外层为疏松透气材料层,内部为消毒除虫的疏松土,表层为泥化硬化层。A roof planting method for rainwater utilization and load reduction, water saving, and root control, in which a number of planting units and sidewalks spaced apart from each other are arranged in the roof space according to rectangles, and potted vegetables or potted flower seedlings 1 are arranged in arrays in the planting units, each The bottom of the potted plants is provided with pads to keep a certain gap between the bottom of the potted plants and the ground on the roof, and the rows are parallel to the sidewalk, and the water storage pipes 5 that run through the planting units are arranged between every two rows of potted plants, and are built on the roof to accumulate rainwater. The water storage tank 8 of the well-arranged water storage pipe is arranged perpendicular to the water storage pipe 7 connected to the water storage tank directly above the same end of the water storage pipe, and the drip hole 9 is respectively set on the water delivery pipe and the corresponding position at the end of the water storage pipe and the water receiving hole to ensure that there is water continuously dripping into the water storage pipe; on the water storage pipe, two potted plants corresponding to the two sides of the water storage pipe are provided with water absorption holes 3, and one end of the two water absorption belts is inserted into the water absorption hole at the same time. The other ends are respectively implanted into the planting matrix of the potted plant from the lower side of the potted plant. The outer layer of the planting substrate of the potted plant is a loose air-permeable material layer, the inner layer is loose soil for disinfection and deworming, and the surface layer is a muddy hardened layer.

雨水收集措施1:在人行道上铺设吸收降雨的海绵砖4,并在蓄水池上方设置用于降雨后收集放置海绵砖的格栅。Rainwater collection measure 1: Lay sponge bricks 4 for absorbing rainfall on the sidewalk, and set a grille for collecting and placing sponge bricks after rainfall on the top of the reservoir.

雨水收集措施2:在每个种植单元正上方一定高度空间,沿盆栽列向牵引铁丝14并固定于女儿墙上,将塑料薄膜15搭在铁丝上,两侧边缘固定在种植单元边缘处,形成雨水收集膜,并在其底部的楼顶地面设置与蓄水池连通的雨水收集槽。塑料薄膜在冬季也可作为保温棚。Rainwater collection measure 2: in a certain height space directly above each planting unit, pull the iron wire 14 along the row of potted plants and fix it on the parapet, put the plastic film 15 on the iron wire, and fix the edges on both sides to the edge of the planting unit to form The rainwater collection membrane is provided with a rainwater collection tank connected to the reservoir on the roof floor at the bottom. The plastic film can also be used as a thermal insulation shed in winter.

雨水收集措施3:在建筑物外墙上设置雨水收集管路系统,包括与建筑物落水管10连通,分流建筑物落水管中的水的雨水导管25和多根雨水收集管11,多根雨水收集管用绳索缠绕连接成软梯,软梯用绳索沿建筑物外墙悬挂,且位于最高程上的一根雨水收集管位于雨水导管下方,收集来自雨水导管的雨水,每相邻两根雨水收集管末端用两端带塞子18的软管19联通,使雨水在整体软梯中的流路呈S形。为了能使雨水导管顺利分流落水管中的雨水,在建筑物落水管与雨水导管的连接处(接头)下方设置海绵块对落水管进行一定程度的阻水,用于减缓落水管中的雨水下流,从而有利于向雨水导管中分流集水。为防止海绵块下落,可用无纺布兜住。多根雨水收集管形成的软梯最下方设置固定在外墙上的托架12用以支撑软梯,并从楼顶女儿墙到托架上牵引固定两根垂向绳索13将软梯贴墙束缚,从楼顶女儿墙到软梯左右两侧牵引固定两根与软梯呈一定角度的斜向绳索13,将软梯沿垂向和侧向束缚。在女儿墙内侧楼顶上设置辘轳和滑轮24,用于牵引绳索提升外墙上的蓄水管至屋顶。Rainwater collection measure 3: set the rainwater collection pipeline system on the outer wall of the building, including the rainwater conduit 25 that communicates with the building downpipe 10, diverts the water in the building downpipe and multiple rainwater collection pipes 11, and the multiple rainwater collection pipes are used The ropes are wound and connected to form a soft ladder. The soft ladder is hung along the outer wall of the building with ropes, and a rainwater collection pipe on the highest elevation is located under the rainwater conduit to collect rainwater from the rainwater conduit. Two adjacent rainwater collection pipe ends are connected with two The hose 19 with plug 18 at the end communicates, so that the flow path of rainwater in the overall soft ladder is S-shaped. In order to enable the rainwater conduit to smoothly divert the rainwater in the downpipe, a sponge block is placed under the connection (joint) between the downspout and the rainwater conduit of the building to block the water to a certain extent, which is used to slow down the downflow of rainwater in the downpipe, which is beneficial Diverts catchment water into storm sewers. In order to prevent the sponge block from falling, it can be wrapped with non-woven fabric. A bracket 12 fixed on the outer wall is set at the bottom of the ladder formed by a plurality of rainwater collection pipes to support the ladder, and two vertical ropes 13 are drawn and fixed from the parapet on the roof to the bracket to bind the ladder against the wall. Top parapet draws and fixes two oblique ropes 13 that are at a certain angle with the ladder to the left and right sides of the ladder, and the ladder is bound vertically and laterally. A potter's wheel and a pulley 24 are arranged on the inner roof of the parapet wall, and are used for traction ropes to promote the water storage pipe on the outer wall to the roof.

在楼顶设置与自来水管网连通,用于雨水少的季节向蓄水管中补水的补水龙头。The top of the building is connected with the tap water pipe network, which is used to replenish water to the water storage pipe in the season when there is little rain.

实施例2Example 2

一种雨水利用和减载节水控根的屋顶种植方法,在楼顶空间按矩形划分布置若干相互间隔分布的种植单元和人行道,在种植单元中阵列布置盆栽蔬菜或盆栽花卉苗木1,每个盆栽底部设置垫块使得盆栽底部与楼顶地面间保持一定间隙,以与人行道平行方向为列,或在每列盆栽下布置垫块6预留出空间,供蓄水管穿过布置在该列盆栽下;在楼顶修建用于蓄积雨水的蓄水池8,在排列好的蓄水管同一末端正上方垂直于蓄水管布置与蓄水池连通的输水管7,并在输水管上和蓄水管末端对应位置分别开设滴水孔9和接水孔,使输水管中的水滴入蓄水管中;对应于每个盆栽底部中心开设吸水孔,将吸水带一端插入吸水孔中,另一端从盆栽底部植入盆栽的种植基质内。所述盆栽的种植基质外层为疏松透气材料层,内部为消毒除虫的疏松土,表层为泥化硬化层。A roof planting method for rainwater utilization and load reduction, water saving, and root control, in which a number of planting units and sidewalks spaced apart from each other are arranged in the roof space according to rectangles, and potted vegetables or potted flower seedlings 1 are arranged in arrays in the planting units, each Set pads at the bottom of the potted plants to keep a certain gap between the bottom of the potted plants and the ground on the roof, and make a row parallel to the sidewalk, or arrange pads 6 under each row of potted plants to reserve space for the water storage pipe to pass through and arrange in this row Under the potted plant; Build the reservoir 8 that is used to accumulate rainwater on the roof, arrange the water delivery pipe 7 that is connected with the storage reservoir perpendicular to the storage pipe arrangement directly above the same end of the arranged storage pipe, and on the water delivery pipe and Drip holes 9 and water receiving holes are respectively provided at the corresponding positions of the ends of the water storage pipes, so that the water in the water delivery pipes drips into the water storage pipes; corresponding to the bottom center of each potted plant, a water absorption hole is opened, and one end of the water absorption belt is inserted into the water absorption hole, and the other end is inserted into the water absorption hole. Insert from the bottom of the pot into the planting medium of the pot. The outer layer of the planting substrate of the potted plant is a loose air-permeable material layer, the inner layer is loose soil for disinfection and deworming, and the surface layer is a muddy hardened layer.

雨水收集措施1:在人行道上铺设吸收降雨的海绵砖4,并在蓄水池上方设置用于降雨后收集放置海绵砖的格栅。Rainwater collection measure 1: Lay sponge bricks 4 for absorbing rainfall on the sidewalk, and set a grille for collecting and placing sponge bricks after rainfall on the top of the reservoir.

雨水收集措施2:在每个种植单元正上方一定高度空间,沿盆栽列向牵引铁丝14并固定于女儿墙上,将塑料薄膜15搭在铁丝上,两侧边缘固定在种植单元边缘处,形成雨水收集膜,并在其底部的楼顶地面设置与蓄水池连通的雨水收集槽。塑料薄膜在冬季也可作为保温棚。Rainwater collection measure 2: in a certain height space directly above each planting unit, pull the iron wire 14 along the row of potted plants and fix it on the parapet, put the plastic film 15 on the iron wire, and fix the edges on both sides to the edge of the planting unit to form The rainwater collection membrane is provided with a rainwater collection tank connected to the reservoir on the roof floor at the bottom. The plastic film can also be used as a thermal insulation shed in winter.

雨水收集措施3:在建筑物外墙上设置雨水收集管路系统,包括与建筑物落水管10连通,分流建筑物落水管中的水的雨水导管25和多根雨水收集管11,多根雨水收集管用绳索缠绕连接成软梯,软梯用绳索沿建筑物外墙悬挂,且位于最高程上的一根雨水收集管位于雨水导管下方,收集来自雨水导管的雨水,每相邻两根雨水收集管末端用两端带塞子18的软管19联通,使雨水在整体软梯中的流路呈S形。为了能使雨水导管顺利分流落水管中的雨水,在建筑物落水管与雨水导管的连接处下方设置海绵块对落水管进行一定程度的阻水,用于减缓落水管中的雨水下流,从而有利于向雨水导管中分流集水。为防止海绵块下落,可用无纺布兜住。多根雨水收集管形成的软梯最下方设置固定在外墙上的托架12用以支撑软梯,并从楼顶女儿墙到托架上牵引固定两根垂向绳索13将软梯贴墙束缚,从楼顶女儿墙到软梯左右两侧牵引固定两根与软梯呈一定角度的斜向绳索13,将软梯沿垂向和侧向束缚。在女儿墙内侧楼顶上设置辘轳和滑轮,用于牵引绳索提升外墙上的蓄水管至屋顶。Rainwater collection measure 3: set the rainwater collection pipeline system on the outer wall of the building, including the rainwater conduit 25 that communicates with the building downpipe 10, diverts the water in the building downpipe and multiple rainwater collection pipes 11, and the multiple rainwater collection pipes are used The ropes are wound and connected to form a soft ladder. The soft ladder is hung along the outer wall of the building with ropes, and a rainwater collection pipe on the highest elevation is located under the rainwater conduit to collect rainwater from the rainwater conduit. Two adjacent rainwater collection pipe ends are connected with two The hose 19 with plug 18 at the end communicates, so that the flow path of rainwater in the overall soft ladder is S-shaped. In order to enable the rainwater conduit to smoothly divert the rainwater in the downpipe, a sponge block is placed under the connection between the downspout and the rainwater conduit of the building to block the water to a certain extent, which is used to slow down the rainwater in the downpipe. Central diversion catchment. In order to prevent the sponge block from falling, it can be wrapped with non-woven fabric. A bracket 12 fixed on the outer wall is set at the bottom of the ladder formed by a plurality of rainwater collection pipes to support the ladder, and two vertical ropes 13 are drawn and fixed from the parapet on the roof to the bracket to bind the ladder against the wall. Top parapet draws and fixes two oblique ropes 13 that are at a certain angle with the ladder to the left and right sides of the ladder, and the ladder is bound vertically and laterally. A potter's wheel and a pulley are set on the roof inside the parapet wall to pull the rope to lift the water storage pipe on the outer wall to the roof.

在楼顶设置与自来水管网连通,用于雨水少的季节向蓄水管中补水的补水龙头。The top of the building is connected with the tap water pipe network, which is used to replenish water to the water storage pipe in the season when there is little rain.

Claims (10)

1. A roof planting method for utilizing rainwater and reducing load, saving water and controlling roots is characterized in that a plurality of planting units and sidewalks which are distributed at intervals are arranged in a roof space according to rectangular division, potted vegetables or potted flower seedlings (1) are arranged in the planting units in an array mode, a cushion block (6) is arranged at the bottom of each pot plant to enable the bottom of the pot plant and the roof ground to keep a certain distance to form an air root blocking layer (23), water storage pipes (5) penetrating through the planting units are arranged between every two rows of pot plants in a row in a direction parallel to the sidewalks, or water storage pipes are arranged between the bottom of each row of pot plants and the roof ground; a reservoir (8) for storing rainwater is built on the roof, a water delivery pipe (7) communicated with the reservoir is arranged vertically above the arranged water storage pipes, and a water dripping hole (9) and a water receiving hole which are butted with each other are respectively formed in the positions, corresponding to the water storage pipes, on the water delivery pipe, so that water in the water delivery pipe drips into the water storage pipes; the water storage pipe is provided with a water suction hole (3) corresponding to the position of the potted plant, one end of a water suction belt (2) is inserted into the water suction hole, the other end of the water suction belt is placed into the potted plant planting matrix near the water storage pipe, the water is supplied, a rainwater collecting facility communicated with the water storage tank is arranged on the roof, and the collected rainwater is added into the water storage tank.
2. The roof planting method for utilizing rainwater and reducing load, saving water and controlling roots according to claim 1, wherein the rainwater collection facility is arranged by paving sponge bricks (4) for absorbing rainfall on a sidewalk and arranging a grid for collecting and placing sponge bricks for squeezing water after rainfall above a reservoir.
3. A roof planting method for utilizing rainwater, reducing load, saving water and controlling roots according to claim 1, wherein the rainwater collection facility is arranged in a space with a certain height right above each planting unit, an iron wire or a cross bar (14) is drawn along the direction of the potted plant and fixed on the parapet, a plastic film (15) is lapped on the iron wire, two side edges are fixed at the edges of the planting units to form a rainwater collection film, and a rainwater collection tank (20) communicated with a reservoir is arranged at the bottom of the rainwater collection facility.
4. the roof planting method for utilizing rainwater and reducing load, saving water and controlling roots according to claim 1, wherein a refill tap for refilling water into the reservoir is provided on the roof in communication with a tap water network.
5. The roof planting method for utilizing rainwater and reducing load, saving water and controlling roots according to claim 1, wherein the rainwater collection facility is arranged by arranging a rainwater collection pipeline system on the outer wall of the building, and the rainwater collection pipeline system comprises a rainwater guide pipe (25) which is communicated with a building downpipe (10) and divides the water in the building downpipe and a plurality of rainwater collection pipes (11); a plurality of rainwater collecting pipes are wound by ropes to form a rope ladder, the rope ladder is hung along the outer wall of a building, one rainwater collecting pipe located on the highest range is located below the rainwater guide pipe to collect rainwater from the rainwater guide pipe, and the tail ends of every two adjacent rainwater collecting pipes are communicated by a hose (19) with plugs (18) at two ends, so that a flow path of the rainwater in the whole rope ladder is S-shaped.
6. A roof planting method for utilizing rainwater, reducing load, saving water and controlling roots according to claim 5, characterized in that a bracket (12) fixed on an outer wall is arranged at the lowest part of a rope ladder formed by a plurality of rainwater collecting pipes for supporting the rope ladder, two vertical ropes (13) are fixedly pulled from a roof parapet to the bracket to bind the rope ladder to the wall, two inclined ropes (13) forming a certain angle with the rope ladder are fixedly pulled from the roof parapet to the left and right sides of the rope ladder to bind the rope ladder vertically and laterally.
7. A roof planting method for utilizing rainwater and reducing load, saving water and controlling roots according to claim 5, characterized in that a windlass and pulleys (24) are arranged on the roof at the inner side of the parapet wall and used for pulling ropes to lift the water storage pipes on the outer wall to the roof.
8. The roof planting method for rainwater utilization and load reduction, water conservation and root control as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water storage pipe is arranged between each two rows of potted plants, the water suction holes are arranged at the corresponding positions of the two potted plants at both sides of the water storage pipe, one end of each of the two water suction belts is simultaneously inserted into the water suction holes, and the other end of each of the two water suction belts is respectively planted into the planting substrate of the potted plants from the lower side part of the potted plants.
9. The roof planting method for utilizing rainwater, reducing load, saving water and controlling roots as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water storage pipe is arranged in a space below the potted plants, a water suction hole is formed corresponding to the center of the bottom of each potted plant, one end of the water suction belt is inserted into the water suction hole, and the other end of the water suction belt is planted in the planting substrate of the potted plant from the bottom of the potted plant.
10. The roof planting method for rainwater utilization and load reduction, water conservation and root control as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer layer of the planting substrate of the potted plant is a loose and air permeable material layer, the inner part is loose soil for disinfection and deinsectization, and the surface layer is a hardened layer of argillization.
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