CN210056194U - 骨钉结构 - Google Patents

骨钉结构 Download PDF

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CN210056194U
CN210056194U CN201920359212.7U CN201920359212U CN210056194U CN 210056194 U CN210056194 U CN 210056194U CN 201920359212 U CN201920359212 U CN 201920359212U CN 210056194 U CN210056194 U CN 210056194U
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bone screw
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曾峰毅
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Wang Tao
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Yu-San Biomedical Ltd
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    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
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    • A61B17/7074Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling
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    • A61B17/7085Tools for guidance or insertion of tethers, rod-to-anchor connectors, rod-to-rod connectors, or longitudinal elements for insertion of a longitudinal element down one or more hollow screw or hook extensions, i.e. at least a part of the element within an extension has a component of movement parallel to the extension's axis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
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    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
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Abstract

本创作为一种骨钉结构,是在钉本体上轴接定位件,并在定位件上一体延伸出把持件,且把持件的侧面为倾斜面,以在进行脊椎固定手术时,可将其中一把持件的弧面靠合相邻的把持件的倾斜面,使这些把持件相叠合,因而可缩减这些把持件在皮肤表面上所占用的面积,故能大幅缩小开口的宽度,以达到伤口范围最小化的需求。

Description

骨钉结构
【技术领域】
本创作是关于一种骨钉结构,特别是一种应用在脊椎的骨钉结构。
【背景技术】
目前人类随着年龄增加,身体容易出现症状,例如,脊椎压迫神经的症状。当发生脊椎压迫神经时,通常医疗机构会采用腰椎脊柱微创手术,以将多个骨钉固定在特定区段的脊椎骨之间,使该区段的脊椎骨不会位移,迫使病人不能再作动该区段的脊椎骨(如不能弯腰),因而该区段的脊椎骨不会再压迫神经。
在进行腰椎脊柱微创手术的过程中,病人是呈趴姿进行手术(如图1所示),再于皮肤表面8上形成一开口80,以将多个骨钉1分别植固在对应的脊椎骨8a,8b,8c上,且这些骨钉1的上侧部10凸出开口80。接着,藉由一连接杆(图略)伸入开口80内以串接所有的骨钉1的下侧部11。之后,移除骨钉1的上侧部10,以缝合伤口(即开口80处)。
惟,现有技术的骨钉1的上侧部10是呈圆柱状,故需以几乎垂直病人所趴的床面的方向进入开口80,以避免相邻的骨钉1的上侧部10相互干涉,故开口80需具有一定的大小(如宽度D至少5cm),因而难以缩小开口80在皮肤表面8上所占用的面积,致使无法达到伤口范围最小化的需求,且即使将骨钉1以倾斜方向进入开口80,骨钉1的倾斜角度仍会受到相邻的骨钉1的圆柱状上侧部10的干涉,而无法有效缩小开口80或缩减伤口范围。
因此,如何克服现有技术的问题,实为一重要课题。
【实用新型内容】
为解决上述现有技术的问题,本创作遂揭露一种骨钉结构,包括:钉本体;定位件,具有相对的第一侧与第二侧,且第一侧是设在钉本体的端部;以及把持件,设在定位件的第二侧上,且把持件的侧面为倾斜面。
前述的骨钉结构中,钉本体为螺丝钉状。
前述的骨钉结构中,定位件与钉本体能相对转动。
前述的骨钉结构中,定位件具有容置空间。例如,把持件具有连通容置空间的通道。
前述的骨钉结构中,把持件呈勺状或瓢状。
前述的骨钉结构中,把持件的顶端为封闭式或开放式。
前述的骨钉结构中,还包括连接件,穿设在定位件的周面上。进一步包括固定件,是用以将连接件固定在定位件上,例如,固定件是螺接定位件且压制连接件。
由上可知,本创作的骨钉结构中,主要藉由把持件的倾斜面的设计,以在进行脊椎固定手术时,可将其中一把持件靠合相邻的把持件的倾斜面,使这些把持件相叠合而缩小这些把持件之间的夹角,因而可缩减这些把持件在皮肤表面上所占用的面积,故相较于现有技术的骨钉,使用本创作的骨钉结构可在手术部位上大幅缩小开口的宽度,以达到伤口范围最小化的需求。
本创作所采用的具体技术,将通过以下的实施例及附呈图式作进一步的说明。
【附图说明】
图1为现有技术的骨钉之应用的侧面透视示意图;
图2A为本创作的骨钉结构的前置组件的前视立体示意图;
图2A’为本发明另一实施例的骨钉结构的前置组件的前视立体示意图;
图2B为本创作的骨钉结构的前置组件的后视立体示意图;
图2C为本创作的骨钉结构的侧面示意图;
图2D为本创作的骨钉结构的固定组件的立体示意图;
图3A至图3E为本创作的骨钉结构的应用流程的侧面透视示意图;以及
图4为本创作的骨钉结构的把持件信道的形式示意图。
主要元件符号说明:
1 骨钉
10 上侧部
11 下侧部
2 骨钉结构
2a 前置组件
2b 固定组件
20 钉本体
20a 头端部
20b 尖端部
21 定位件
21a 第一侧
21b 第二侧
21c 周面
210 凹口
22 把持件
22a,22a’ 顶端
22b 底端
22c 倾斜面
22d 弧面
220 通道
221 凹槽
23 连接件
24 固定件
25 切口
8,9 皮肤表面
80,90 开口
8a,8b,8c,9a,9b,9c 脊椎骨
91 缝线
S 容置空间
P1,P2 螺纹
D,R 宽度
L,H 长度
【具体实施方式】
以下藉由特定的具体实施例说明本创作的实施方式,熟悉此技艺的人士可由本说明书所揭示的内容轻易的了解本创作的其他优点及功效。
须知,本说明书所附图式所绘示的结构、比例、大小等,均仅用以配合说明书所揭示的内容,以供熟悉此技艺的人士的了解与阅读,并非用以限定本创作可实施的限定条件,故不具技术上的实质意义,任何结构的修饰、比例关系的改变或大小的调整,在不影响本创作所能产生的功效及所能达成之目的下,均应仍落在本创作所揭示的技术内容得能涵盖的范围内。同时,本说明书中所引用的如「内」、「顶」、「底」、「上」、「下」及「一」等的用语,亦仅为便于叙述的明了,而非用以限定本创作可实施的范围,其相对关系的改变或调整,在无实质变更技术内容下,当亦视为本创作可实施的范畴。
图2A为本创作的骨钉结构2的立体示意图。在本实施例中,所述的骨钉结构2是应用在脊椎上。
如图2A及图2B所示,骨钉结构2包括:一钉本体20、一定位件21以及一把持件22,且钉本体20、定位件21及把持件22是作为前置组件2a。
所述的钉本体20为金属螺丝钉状,如尖尾螺丝型,其具有相对的头端部20a与尖端部20b。应可理解的,钉本体20可依需求设计成各种型式,并不限于上述。
定位件21具有相对的第一侧21a与第二侧21b,且定位件21以其第一侧21a接合钉本体20的头端部20a。
在本实施例中,定位件21为合金材制成大致呈圆筒状或帽状,其具有一容置空间S,且钉本体20的球状头端部20a是轴接在容置空间S的底部,使定位件21能相对钉本体20转动(或钉本体20能相对定位件21转动)。
再者,容置空间S的内表面具有螺纹P1,且容置空间S的侧面形成有一连通第二侧21b的凹口210,使凹口210横向(如图2A所示的坐标的X轴向)贯通定位件21的两侧面,例如,定位件21的前视或后视状态是呈「凹」字形。
把持件22是以合金材一体成形在定位件21的第二侧21b上,且把持件22呈勺状或瓢状。
在本实施例中,把持件22的设计是由中空圆柱状变成片体,由上视角观之,圆柱的中空圆范围为直径10mm~16mm,以利于不同施力需求的大小不同器具匹配。例如,把持件22的圆筒状周面具有相对的两侧,其中一侧为倾斜面22c,倾斜面22c是由圆柱上端对角裁切至圆柱下端靠近定位件21的第二侧21b而成,而另一侧为弧面22d,且在倾斜面22c上形成凹槽221,使把持件22变成勺状或瓢状片体。
再者,把持件22的长度L大于定位件21的长度H,长度L的范围在16mm~200mm之间。长度H在5~70mm之间。
又,凹槽221的底部也具有螺纹P2,且在凹槽221上形成有一连通容置空间S(即凹口210)的通道220(如图2B所示),使凹槽221与通道220横向(如图2A所示的坐标的X轴向)贯通把持件22的周面。
另外,把持件22的顶端22a为封闭式,但在其它实施例中,把持件22的顶端22a’亦可为开放式,如图2A’所示。
在另一实施例中,如图2C所示,骨钉结构2还包括一连接件23,穿设在定位件21的周面21c上。例如,连接件23为金属制直杆状或弯曲杆状,其可经由凹口210或通道220横向(如图2A或图2C所示的坐标的X轴向)穿过定位件21或把持件22,以沿一由通道220与凹口210所形成的路径(如图2A或图2C所示的坐标的Z轴向)而位移在凹槽221与容置空间S中。进一步,如图2D所示,骨钉结构2还包括一固定件24,是用以将连接件23固定在定位件21上。例如,固定件24为金属制螺丝,其沿凹槽221的螺纹P2螺接位移至定位件21的容置空间S的螺纹P1且压制连接件23在容置空间S中。
再者,请参考图4,把持件22的通道220具有至少三种不同的样式,包括长条状、扇状或者圆形和长条的结合状,其中,长条状的宽度a在5.5mm~7.5mm之间,扇状具有一宽部b在7.0mm~9.5mm之间,具有一窄部c在5.5mm~7.5mm之间,圆形和长条的结合状,圆形的直径d在7.0mm~9.5mm之间,长条的宽度e在5.5mm~7.5mm之间。
在进行脊椎固定手术时(例如,以人工方式或机器手臂方式进行手术),如图3A所示,先在一欲固定位置(即脊椎骨9a,9b,9c)所对应的皮肤表面9上形成一开口90,以令使用者(如医师)能观看到多个脊椎骨9a,9b,9c,再将至少两个前置组件2a以其钉本体20分别植固在对应的脊椎骨9a,9b,9c上,其中,钉本体20连同定位件21可沿相对皮肤表面9倾斜的方向进入开口90以植入所对应的脊椎骨9a,9b,9c,故开口90的大小不需对应欲固定位置的脊椎骨9a,9b,9c的投影范围,即开口90不需太大。
如图3B所示,由于定位件21与钉本体20能相对转动,且定位件21与把持件22是相固定接合(如一体成形),故当所有预定的钉本体20(如图3B所示的三个前置组件2a)已植入至适当位置(如钻入脊椎骨9a,9b,9c中)后,转动这些把持件22的方位,使相邻的把持件22中,其中一把持件22的弧面22d会靠合另一把持件22的倾斜面22c,使这些把持件22呈叠加状态,较佳的,部分弧面22d(或顶端22a)会容置在凹槽221中。
接着,如图3C至图3D所示,将一弯曲杆状连接件23在几乎垂直倾斜面22c的状态下穿过这些把持件22的通道220,再沿着通道220向下移动,以在部分通过凹口210后,逐渐转动连接件23而使其完全进入开口90中,再沿左右方向(如图2A或图3D所示的坐标的X轴向)调整连接件23至适当的位置,使其大致呈平放状态(如沿图3D所示的坐标的X轴向),令连接件23得以位在这些定位件21的容置空间S中而抵靠这些钉本体20的头端部20a,藉此串接所有的定位件21。
之后,如图3D所示,将多个固定件24沿凹槽221进入开口90中以分别对应螺接至各定位件21上,以下压抵靠连接件23而固定住连接件23。
最后,如图3E所示,移除或断开这些把持件22,以缝合(如缝线91)伤口(即开口90处),即完成脊椎固定手术,此时,这些钉本体20、这些定位件21、连接件23及固定件24是构成一固定组件2b(如图2D所示的态样),使这些脊椎骨9a,9b,9c不会位移,因而病患不能再作动这些脊椎骨9a,9b,9c(如不能弯腰)。
因此,藉由本创作的骨钉结构2的把持件22的倾斜面22c的设计,以在进行脊椎固定手术时,可将其中一把持件22的弧面22d靠合相邻的把持件22的倾斜面22c,使这些把持件22相叠合以缩小这些把持件22之间的夹角,因而能缩减这些把持件22在皮肤表面9上所占用的面积(如开口90的大小),故相较于现有技术,在手术部位上能形成较小的开口90(其最大宽度R约3cm,如图3E所示),以符合伤口范围达最小伤害的需求。
再者,可在定位件21与把持件22之间配置有切口25,如图2C所示的定位件21的第二侧21b与把持件22的底端22b之间,以利于移除或折断把持件22;又,切口25的形状为一角度在40~50度之间的夹角,切口25从定位件21或者把持件22的外围侧到内壁侧(或者切口25夹角中心部到内壁侧)的厚度范围以0.1~0.15mm为最佳,此厚度和角度的结构,使把持件22最容易从定位件21下折断,且不易残余毛边。
又,当手术过程中,医师认为开口90视线不够清楚时,可采用图2A’所示的顶端22a’为开放式的把持件22,以提供更宽广的手术视野。另一方面,亦可将把持件22的封闭式顶端22a配置有切口(图略),故在手术进行中,医师可依临场需求折断封闭式顶端22a而变成开放式顶端22a’,以提供更宽广的手术视野而利于将连接件23引入开口90中。又,把持件22的封闭式顶端22a的切口的形状为一角度在40~50度之间的夹角,切口夹角中心部到把持件22的内壁侧的厚度范围以0.1~0.15mm为最佳,此厚度和角度的结构,使封闭式顶端22a最容易从把持件22下折断,且不易残余毛边。
虽然本创作的实施例揭露如上所述,然并非用以限定本创作,任何熟习相关技艺者,在不脱离本创作的精神和范围内,举凡依本创作权利要求所述的形状、构造、特征、方法及数量当可做些许的变更,因此本创作的专利保护范围须视本说明书所附的权利要求范围所界定者为准。

Claims (12)

1.一种骨钉结构,其特征在于,所述骨钉结构包含:
钉本体;
定位件,具有相对的第一侧与第二侧,且所述第一侧是设在所述钉本体的端部,所述定位件的高度在16mm~200mm之间;以及
把持件,设在所述定位件的第二侧上,且所述把持件的侧面为倾斜面,所述把持件的高度在5~70mm之间,其中,所述把持件为一中空圆柱,所述把持件的中空圆的直径介于10mm~16mm之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的骨钉结构,其特征在于,其中所述钉本体为螺丝钉状。
3.根据权利要求1所述的骨钉结构,其特征在于,其中所述定位件与所述钉本体能相对转动。
4.根据权利要求1所述的骨钉结构,其特征在于,其中所述定位件具有容置空间。
5.根据权利要求4所述的骨钉结构,其特征在于,其中所述把持件具有连通所述容置空间的通道。
6.根据权利要求5所述的骨钉结构,其特征在于,其中所述把持件呈勺状或瓢状。
7.根据权利要求6所述的骨钉结构,其特征在于,其中所述把持件与所述定位件间具有一切口,所述切口为一夹角,所述夹角范围为40度~50度,所述切口夹角中心部与所述把持件一内壁的厚度为0.1mm~0.15mm之间。
8.根据权利要求7所述的骨钉结构,其特征在于,其中所述把持件的顶端为封闭式或开放式,其中,所述把持件的顶端为封闭式时,所述把持件的顶端与底端之间具有一切口,所述切口为一夹角,所述夹角范围为40度~50度,所述切口夹角中心部与所述把持件一内壁的厚度为0.1mm~0.15mm之间。
9.根据权利要求1所述的骨钉结构,其特征在于,其中还包括连接件,穿设在所述定位件的周面上。
10.根据权利要求9所述的骨钉结构,其特征在于,其中还包括固定件,用以将所述连接件固定在所述定位件上。
11.根据权利要求10所述的骨钉结构,其特征在于,其中所述固定件是螺接所述定位件且压制所述连接件。
12.根据权利要求5或7所述的骨钉结构,其特征在于,其中所述通道为长条状、扇状或者圆形和长条的结合状,其中,所述长条状的宽度在5.5mm~7.5mm之间,所述扇状具有一宽部在7.0mm~9.5mm之间,具有一窄部在5.5mm~7.5mm之间,所述圆形和长条的结合状,所述圆形的直径在7.0mm~9.5mm之间,所述长条的宽度在5.5mm~7.5mm之间。
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