CN203515710U - 用于控制在内燃发动机中的电荷交换的阀系统 - Google Patents

用于控制在内燃发动机中的电荷交换的阀系统 Download PDF

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CN203515710U
CN203515710U CN201320081478.2U CN201320081478U CN203515710U CN 203515710 U CN203515710 U CN 203515710U CN 201320081478 U CN201320081478 U CN 201320081478U CN 203515710 U CN203515710 U CN 203515710U
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nitrocarburizing
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阿尔维德·莱尔卡普
亚历山大·普克
马蒂亚斯·福格尔桑
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Abstract

本实用新型涉及一种用于控制在内燃发动机中的电荷交换的阀系统（1），所述阀系统包括阀座环（2）和具有阀座（4）的阀（3），所述阀座与所述阀座环（2）形成密封系统。

Description

用于控制在内燃发动机中的电荷交换的阀系统
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种用于控制在内燃发动机中的电荷交换的阀系统，所述阀系统包括阀座环和具有阀座的阀，所述阀座与所述阀座环一起形成密封系统。 
背景技术
用于控制在内燃发动机中的电荷交换的形成为进气或排气系统的阀系统，在下文中称为阀系统，除了进气阀也包括排气阀。阀系统确定何时以及有多少新鲜气体被引入燃烧室中，而且它控制何时燃烧后的气体被排出。对于所有系统组件，特别是阀座环以及与阀座环相关联的阀座，提出非常高的材料要求。因此，这些部件必须具有高疲劳强度和必须是机械和热高度耐抗，必须具有高的耐磨损性。为了这个目的，根据要求规范，不同的材料可以彼此组合以及相应的积极材料属性可以用来优化支持的阀系统的各个组成部分。因此，为了减少磨损和增加使用寿命，阀系统可以以特定要求的方式进一步优化，例如通过硬化阀座或用特殊的表面硬化合金进行堆焊，借助于该合金对阀座进行表面硬化。为了提高阀杆的磨损性能，阀杆经常硝化或镀铬。 
从US6318327B1已知用于内燃发动机的阀系统，它包括阀座和与所述阀座相关联的阀元件，其中所述阀座具有基础元件，所述基础元件包括铁基烧结合金的基质和分散在其中的从硅-铬-钼-钴基的金属间化合物的粉末，所述粉末具有的硬度为600-1000HV，平均粒径为20-70μm，并且以基于所述基础元件的总质量的10至50％的质量被包含在基体中。阀系统的特征在于，该阀元件具有基础元件，所述基础元件包括马氏体钢的 基质和形成在基体元件的阀表面上渗氮扩散层，渗氮扩散层具有的硬度超过500HV渗氮扩散层和厚度超过20μm。 
在已知的阀系统中，利用在阀元件上的渗氮扩散层，实现了改进的耐磨损性，但是不能避免阀座和阀座环的临时粘接或分别按期焊接。 
发明内容
本实用新型的一个目的是提供一种用于控制在内燃发动机中的电荷交换的阀系统，所述阀系统包括阀座环和具有阀座的阀，所述阀座与所述阀座环一起形成密封系统，并且，在考虑由阀座和阀座环之间的相互作用引起的磨损的情况下，其能降低总磨损。 
该目的通过一种用于控制在内燃发动机中的电荷交换的阀系统实现，所述阀系统包括阀座环和具有阀座的阀，所述阀座与所述阀座环形成密封系统，其特征在于所述阀座被氮碳共渗。 
因此，本实用新型有意背离现有技术，从现有技术已知的渗氮阀的基础以及因此无渗氮物层的阀座。由于在阀座和阀杆之间的同心度公差要求，在渗氮后研磨阀座并且因此除去现有的渗氮物层是绝对必要的。 
优选地，所述阀系统的阀还没被弄直因为弄直锻造后的阀在包括阀座的阀体中引入材料应力，在变形形式的渗氮过程中再次缓解该应力。因此，可以有利地实现渗氮阀座的公差要求。弄直应理解为工件的冷或热成形，其目标是消除凸起和挠度或恢复到所需的形状。这特别是在这里应当理解为阀的冷成形，目标是将阀座和阀轴之间的同心度恢复到所期望的形状。 
优选地，除了阀座，整个阀体被氮碳共渗。有利的是，除了座表面，整个阀壳面还通过氮碳共渗，避免氮碳共渗表面至非氮碳共渗表面过渡处的薄弱点。在不变的耐磨性要求的情况下，除了改善阀系统的耐磨损性，这能够减少生产成本。通过在热化学处理中用氮和碳添加到材料的皮肤层，产生阀体的氮碳共渗的表面层，其中，在所述化合物层特别是形成渗 氮铁。通过表面层的氮碳共渗，提高黏附磨损的抵抗性。 
优选地，在盐浴中通过氮碳共渗方法产生氮碳共渗的表面层。因此可以使用低渗氮的温度和较短的处理时间。因此，在500-550℃的温度下，经过一段40-90分钟，已经实现非常好效果。此外，在工件的表面到深度的渗氮硬度曲线的下降不如只用氮富集的钢那样陡，因此已被纯粹渗氮处理，因为这是适用于，例如，以等离子体渗氮的钢。有利的是，硬度下降的这个小梯度阻止氮碳共渗的层碎裂。硬度下降的梯度的平坦化是由碳造成的，该碳扩散到材料中并位于氮富集层的下方。 
在的盐浴中通过渗氮，在马氏体钢中形成厚度为>15μm的扩散层和厚度达至3μm化合物层；在奥氏体钢的情况下，形成厚度>5μm的扩散层和厚度可达至3μm的化合物层。 
扩散层由在非常富含氮的层和在下面的高碳层组成。在氮碳共渗过程中氮和碳的扩散到阀钢中。明显更富含氮的层，即所谓的化合物层，形成在扩散层之上。化合物层由阀钢的元素，特别是Fe，Ni和Cr，与所引入的氮的化学化合物构成。马氏体钢的化合物层本身能够分为具有多孔区域的外化合物层以及分为紧凑的，白色的，至少明亮的化合物层。在奥氏体钢的情况下，化合物层作为灰色区出现。化合物层已不再具有金属的特征，而是具有陶瓷特征。这确保阀元件的接触的金属表面的化学分离，特别是在阀座和阀座环，阀杆和阀导承，阀槽和阀夹头，阀杆端面和致动器元件。 
通过这些表面的分离，减小或防止黏附磨损，即表面的微焊接，具有随后从相应的接触阀部分中撕下附近表面的颗粒。同样地，由于渗氮层高的表面硬度，减小在阀座中的磨损。 
通过这一点，根据本实用新型，有效地减少或防止所述阀座或阀座环的零件粘接。通过这一点，在根据本实用新型的阀系统上的磨损对于进气系统可减少达85％的并且对于排气系统可减小高达90％。此外，减小根据本实用新型的用于控制电荷交换的阀系统的总磨损。除了阀的座良好耐 磨损性，为了获得足够的硬度，优选地使用合金阀钢。 
在根据本实用新型的阀系统的一个特别优选的实施例中，至少阀钢是Cr-Mn-Ni合金奥氏体阀钢，其中，包括阀座和阀杆的氮碳共渗阀的达到3μm厚的化合物层由至少Fe-N-Cr-Mn-Ni-C化合物层构成，该Fe-N-Cr-Mn-Ni-C化合物层由10-65％重量的Fe，0.4％-40％重量的N，10-22％重量的Cr和0.1-10％重量的Mn，0.1-5.5％重量的Ni和0.45％-16％重量的C组成。在化合物层的下面形成>15μm厚的扩散层。 
在根据本实用新型的阀系统的另一特别优选的实施例中，至少包括阀座的阀由Cr-Si合金的马氏体阀钢制成，其中，氮碳共渗阀，特别是阀座和阀杆的高达3μm厚的化合物层由至少Fe-N-Cr-Ni化合物层构成,该Fe-N-Cr-Ni化合物层由10-90％重量的Fe，10％至30％重量的N，2.5-10％重量的Cr，0.5-10％重量的Ni组成。在化合物层下面，阀钢具有>15μm厚的扩散层。 
阀钢优选是X45CrSi9-3，X50CrMnNiNb21-9或NIREVA3015（UNS-＃66315）。表面硬化的材料例如是X180Fe-CoNiMo50-28125。上述阀钢通过氮碳共渗能够特别适合于实现的耐磨表面层，因为它们包含至少一个前者如Fe和Cr的渗氮物。 
一个有利的配置提供的氮碳共渗表面层的硬度为400-1200HV。这样的氮碳共渗表面的硬度实现在黏附磨损方面非常高的抵抗性。 
附图说明
图1示出了根据本实用新型的用于控制在内燃机中的电荷交换的阀系统。 
具体实施方式
本实用新型的原理和其他的特征从下面的描述中更详细出现。此外，示出其他的实施例中，所述其他实施例单独或组合产生根据本实用 新型的技术方案。本实用新型的阀系统1具有阀座环2和带有阀座4的阀3。阀座4与阀座环2一起形成了密封系统。阀座4具有基本上旋转对称的形状，并根据本实用新型被氮碳共渗。 
在封闭的阀位置中，阀座4抵靠在阀座环2并因此关闭燃烧室，这在图中未示出。在图1所示的阀系统1，特别是在阀3，完全由基于钢粉末的烧结材料制成。阀3是锻造的零件，使得在生产过程中满足严密的公差，必要地可避免弄直。在最后的加工操作中，通过磨削和车削所有阀表面，其中根据本实用新型主要地阀杆端面，阀槽，阀杆和阀座4在功能方面是相关的，整个阀3在盐浴中被氮碳共渗并且最后测量和检查。 
然后，所述阀准备被安装用于发动机运转。在个别情况下，阀杆进行抛光以减少粗糙度。然而，在渗氮后没有完全去除渗氮层的生产过程发生。 
该阀例如由Cr-Mn-Ni合金的奥氏体钢或Cr-Si合金钢，可选地具有其他渗氮物组成。阀座环材料，合金元素可以混合诸如，例如Fe，铜Au，Ni，Cr，Mo，Co，W，V，C，Mn或Si。 

Claims (7)

1.一种用于控制在内燃发动机中的电荷交换的阀系统(1)，所述阀系统包括阀座环(2)和具有阀座(4)的阀(3)，所述阀座与所述阀座环(2)形成密封系统，其特征在于，所述阀座(4)被氮碳共渗。 
2.根据权利要求1中所述的阀系统，其特征在于，阀系统(1)中的阀(3)不是直线型的。 
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2中所述的阀系统，其特征在于，除了所述阀座(4)，整个阀体氮碳共渗。 
4.根据权利要求3中所述的阀系统，其特征在于，在盐浴中通过氮碳共渗方法的装置能够产生氮碳共渗表面层。 
5.根据权利要求4中所述的阀系统，其特征在于，所述氮碳共渗表面层具有硬度为400至1200HV。 
6.根据权利要求1中所述的阀系统，其特征在于，阀钢是一种Cr-Mn-Si合金的奥氏体阀钢，氮碳共渗阀座(4)的3μm厚的化合物层由至少Fe-N-Cr-Mn-Ni-C化合物层构成。 
7.根据权利要求1中所述的阀系统，其特征在于，所述阀钢是一种Cr-Si合金的马氏体阀钢，氮碳共渗阀座(4)的3μm厚的化合物层由至少Fe-N-Cr-Ni化合物层构成。 
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