CN1984568B - 压缩口香糖片 - Google Patents
压缩口香糖片 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1984568B CN1984568B CN2004800435258A CN200480043525A CN1984568B CN 1984568 B CN1984568 B CN 1984568B CN 2004800435258 A CN2004800435258 A CN 2004800435258A CN 200480043525 A CN200480043525 A CN 200480043525A CN 1984568 B CN1984568 B CN 1984568B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- chewing gum
- tablet
- module
- gum tablet
- matrix
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229940112822 chewing gum Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 278
- 235000015218 chewing gum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 278
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 124
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 62
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 37
- -1 acidulant Substances 0.000 description 36
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 29
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 28
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 20
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 108010011485 Aspartame Proteins 0.000 description 15
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000605 aspartame Substances 0.000 description 15
- 235000010357 aspartame Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- IAOZJIPTCAWIRG-QWRGUYRKSA-N aspartame Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)OC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IAOZJIPTCAWIRG-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229960003438 aspartame Drugs 0.000 description 15
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 14
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 12
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UTLUCORTSA-N (+)-Neomenthol Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UTLUCORTSA-N 0.000 description 11
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N DL-menthol Natural products CC(C)C1CCC(C)CC1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000001525 mentha piperita l. herb oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229940041616 menthol Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 235000019477 peppermint oil Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 210000000214 mouth Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 235000010358 acesulfame potassium Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000007891 compressed tablet Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 9
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WBZFUFAFFUEMEI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acesulfame k Chemical compound [K+].CC1=CC(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)O1 WBZFUFAFFUEMEI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229960004998 acesulfame potassium Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 239000000619 acesulfame-K Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caffeine Chemical compound CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1N=CN2C RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000001055 chewing effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 235000013355 food flavoring agent Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229940083542 sodium Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 235000015424 sodium Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229960005069 calcium Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000025 natural resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 description 6
- GHXZTYHSJHQHIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorhexidine Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1NC(N)=NC(N)=NCCCCCCN=C(N)N=C(N)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 GHXZTYHSJHQHIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229960003260 chlorhexidine Drugs 0.000 description 5
- KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N d-ephedrine Natural products CNC(C)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 5
- BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N morphine Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H](C=C[C@H]23)O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4O BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WPRPVWTQSA-N (-)-ephedrine Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WPRPVWTQSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl formate Chemical compound OCC(CO)OC=O LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloramine Chemical class ClN QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 244000004281 Eucalyptus maculata Species 0.000 description 4
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanidine Chemical compound NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LPHGQDQBBGAPDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isocaffeine Natural products CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1N(C)C=N2 LPHGQDQBBGAPDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BYBLEWFAAKGYCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Miconazole Chemical compound ClC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1COC(C=1C(=CC(Cl)=CC=1)Cl)CN1C=NC=C1 BYBLEWFAAKGYCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DLRVVLDZNNYCBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Polydextrose Polymers OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)O1 DLRVVLDZNNYCBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001214 Polysorbate 60 Polymers 0.000 description 4
- RJKFOVLPORLFTN-LEKSSAKUSA-N Progesterone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H](C(=O)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 RJKFOVLPORLFTN-LEKSSAKUSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009739 binding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229960001948 caffeine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- VJEONQKOZGKCAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N caffeine Natural products CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1C=CN2C VJEONQKOZGKCAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- HPIGCVXMBGOWTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isomaltol Chemical compound CC(=O)C=1OC=CC=1O HPIGCVXMBGOWTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960002509 miconazole Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AQHHHDLHHXJYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N propranolol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(OCC(O)CNC(C)C)=CC=CC2=C1 AQHHHDLHHXJYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000005586 smoking cessation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229960000414 sodium fluoride Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- MGSRCZKZVOBKFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N thymol Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1O MGSRCZKZVOBKFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 3
- JOROEVAWQLGPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzhydryl-4-methylpiperazine;2-hydroxypropanoic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O.C1CN(C)CCN1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 JOROEVAWQLGPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RFVNOJDQRGSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCO RFVNOJDQRGSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XGRSAFKZAGGXJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-3-cyclohexylpropanoate Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(N)C1CCCCC1 XGRSAFKZAGGXJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NFLLKCVHYJRNRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione 2-(diphenylmethyl)oxy-N,N-dimethylethanamine Chemical compound O=C1N(C)C(=O)N(C)C2=C1NC(Cl)=N2.C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OCCN(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFLLKCVHYJRNRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 240000007154 Coffea arabica Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000016623 Fragaria vesca Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 240000009088 Fragaria x ananassa Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000011363 Fragaria x ananassa Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VHOQXEIFYTTXJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutylene-isoprene copolymer Chemical compound CC(C)=C.CC(=C)C=C VHOQXEIFYTTXJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N Riboflavin Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 240000007651 Rubus glaucus Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000011034 Rubus glaucus Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000009122 Rubus idaeus Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 244000299461 Theobroma cacao Species 0.000 description 3
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930003316 Vitamin D Natural products 0.000 description 3
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N Vitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 159000000013 aluminium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910000329 aluminium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000008122 artificial sweetener Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000021311 artificial sweeteners Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- DERZBLKQOCDDDZ-JLHYYAGUSA-N cinnarizine Chemical compound C1CN(C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCN1C\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 DERZBLKQOCDDDZ-JLHYYAGUSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960000876 cinnarizine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000016213 coffee Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000013353 coffee beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- HCAJEUSONLESMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylsulfamic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)NC1CCCCC1 HCAJEUSONLESMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229940099182 dramamine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940091249 fluoride supplement Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229960002737 fructose Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229960001031 glucose Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229960003088 loratadine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- JCCNYMKQOSZNPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N loratadine Chemical compound C1CN(C(=O)OCC)CCC1=C1C2=NC=CC=C2CCC2=CC(Cl)=CC=C21 JCCNYMKQOSZNPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940063647 marezine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- FJQXCDYVZAHXNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methadone hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C=1C=CC=CC=1C(CC(C)N(C)C)(C(=O)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 FJQXCDYVZAHXNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003605 opacifier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960005489 paracetamol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960003908 pseudoephedrine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WCBMZHEXSA-N pseudoephedrine Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C)[C@@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WCBMZHEXSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960004711 sodium monofluorophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229960003708 sumatriptan Drugs 0.000 description 3
- KQKPFRSPSRPDEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sumatriptan Chemical compound CNS(=O)(=O)CC1=CC=C2NC=C(CCN(C)C)C2=C1 KQKPFRSPSRPDEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 3
- YUOWTJMRMWQJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Sn+4] YUOWTJMRMWQJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003710 vitamin D derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229940046008 vitamin d Drugs 0.000 description 3
- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-JTQLQIEISA-N (+)-α-limonene Chemical compound CC(=C)[C@@H]1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JCPGMXJLFWGRMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropan-1-one Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 JCPGMXJLFWGRMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IHLKQCODTQXANL-UHFFFAOYSA-O 1-[10-(4-amino-2-methylquinolin-1-ium-1-yl)decyl]-2-methylquinolin-1-ium-4-amine;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC=C2[N+](CCCCCCCCCC[N+]3=C4C=CC=CC4=C(N)C=C3C)=C(C)C=C(N)C2=C1 IHLKQCODTQXANL-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100676-05-9 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IYOLBFFHPZOQGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dichloro-3,5-dimethylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=C(Cl)C(C)=C1Cl IYOLBFFHPZOQGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBYFHODQAUBIOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1-carboxyethoxy)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)OC(C)C(O)=O FBYFHODQAUBIOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SPCKHVPPRJWQRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzhydryloxy-n,n-dimethylethanamine;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O.C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OCCN(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 SPCKHVPPRJWQRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenoxyethanol Chemical compound OCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethanol Chemical compound OCCC1=CC=CC=C1 WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WXNZTHHGJRFXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WXNZTHHGJRFXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-FOQJRBATSA-N 59096-14-9 Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1[14C](O)=O BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-FOQJRBATSA-N 0.000 description 2
- USSIQXCVUWKGNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(CC(C)N(C)C)(C(=O)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 USSIQXCVUWKGNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- APKFDSVGJQXUKY-KKGHZKTASA-N Amphotericin-B Natural products O[C@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1C=CC=CC=CC=CC=CC=CC=C[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)CC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)C[C@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]2C(O)=O)O[C@H]2C1 APKFDSVGJQXUKY-KKGHZKTASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000099147 Ananas comosus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007119 Ananas comosus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aspirin Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229940123208 Biguanide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000167854 Bourreria succulenta Species 0.000 description 2
- YDNKGFDKKRUKPY-JHOUSYSJSA-N C16 ceramide Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)[C@H](O)C=CCCCCCCCCCCCCC YDNKGFDKKRUKPY-JHOUSYSJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZKLPARSLTMPFCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cetirizine Chemical compound C1CN(CCOCC(=O)O)CCN1C(C=1C=CC(Cl)=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZKLPARSLTMPFCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-Lyxoflavin Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010000437 Deamino Arginine Vasopressin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 239000004386 Erythritol Substances 0.000 description 2
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erythritol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ULGZDMOVFRHVEP-RWJQBGPGSA-N Erythromycin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](C)C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@]([C@H](O)[C@@H](C)C(=O)[C@H](C)C[C@@](C)(O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](C)O2)N(C)C)O)[C@H]1C)(C)O)CC)[C@H]1C[C@@](C)(OC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 ULGZDMOVFRHVEP-RWJQBGPGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011201 Ginkgo Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000008100 Ginkgo biloba Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000194101 Ginkgo biloba Species 0.000 description 2
- FAEKWTJYAYMJKF-QHCPKHFHSA-N GlucoNorm Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C(OCC)=CC(CC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)N2CCCCC2)=C1 FAEKWTJYAYMJKF-QHCPKHFHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004378 Glycyrrhizin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PWWVAXIEGOYWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isophenergan Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(CC(C)N(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 PWWVAXIEGOYWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005913 Maltodextrin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002774 Maltodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N Maltose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000014749 Mentha crispa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000078639 Mentha spicata Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pteroyl-L-glutaminsaeure Natural products C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CRJGESKKUOMBCT-VQTJNVASSA-N N-acetylsphinganine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)NC(C)=O CRJGESKKUOMBCT-VQTJNVASSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-guanidine Natural products CNC(N)=N CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RCEAADKTGXTDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N OS(O)(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC[Na] Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC[Na] RCEAADKTGXTDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001100 Polydextrose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZTHYODDOHIVTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propyl gallate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 ZTHYODDOHIVTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YASAKCUCGLMORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Rosiglitazone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=NC=1N(C)CCOC(C=C1)=CC=C1CC1SC(=O)NC1=O YASAKCUCGLMORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 2
- SKZKKFZAGNVIMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Salicilamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O SKZKKFZAGNVIMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 108010073771 Soybean Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UEDUENGHJMELGK-HYDKPPNVSA-N Stevioside Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@]12C(=C)C[C@@]3(C1)CC[C@@H]1[C@@](C)(CCC[C@]1([C@@H]3CC2)C)C(=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O UEDUENGHJMELGK-HYDKPPNVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004376 Sucralose Substances 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MUMGGOZAMZWBJJ-DYKIIFRCSA-N Testostosterone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 MUMGGOZAMZWBJJ-DYKIIFRCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005844 Thymol Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEFQLINVKFYRCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triclosan Chemical compound OC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl XEFQLINVKFYRCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000078534 Vaccinium myrtillus Species 0.000 description 2
- TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylitol Natural products OCCC(O)C(O)C(O)CCO TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002494 Zein Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WHMDKBIGKVEYHS-IYEMJOQQSA-L Zinc gluconate Chemical compound [Zn+2].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O WHMDKBIGKVEYHS-IYEMJOQQSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000021736 acetylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006640 acetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960001138 acetylsalicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- MKUXAQIIEYXACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aciclovir Chemical compound N1C(N)=NC(=O)C2=C1N(COCCO)C=N2 MKUXAQIIEYXACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004150 aciclovir Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- APKFDSVGJQXUKY-INPOYWNPSA-N amphotericin B Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)CC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)C[C@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]2C(O)=O)O[C@H]2C1 APKFDSVGJQXUKY-INPOYWNPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003942 amphotericin b Drugs 0.000 description 2
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 description 2
- BLFLLBZGZJTVJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzocaine Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 BLFLLBZGZJTVJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N beta-maltose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004283 biguanides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229960002685 biotin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000020958 biotin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011616 biotin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004204 candelilla wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013868 candelilla wax Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940073532 candelilla wax Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000004203 carnauba wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- ULDHMXUKGWMISQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carvone Chemical compound CC(=C)C1CC=C(C)C(=O)C1 ULDHMXUKGWMISQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 2
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940106189 ceramide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ZVEQCJWYRWKARO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceramide Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)C(=O)NC(CO)C(O)C=CCCC=C(C)CCCCCCCCC ZVEQCJWYRWKARO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960001803 cetirizine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019693 cherries Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019219 chocolate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960001380 cimetidine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- CCGSUNCLSOWKJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cimetidine Chemical compound N#CNC(=N/C)\NCCSCC1=NC=N[C]1C CCGSUNCLSOWKJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OROGSEYTTFOCAN-DNJOTXNNSA-N codeine Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@H](N(CC[C@@]112)C)C3)=C[C@H](O)[C@@H]1OC1=C2C3=CC=C1OC OROGSEYTTFOCAN-DNJOTXNNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000001896 cresols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000002925 dental caries Diseases 0.000 description 2
- YNKFCNRZZPFMEX-XHPDKPNGSA-N desmopressin acetate trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.CC(O)=O.C([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)N1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(N)=O)=O)CCC(=O)N)C1=CC=CC=C1 YNKFCNRZZPFMEX-XHPDKPNGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ORYOIBJWFDNIPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetyl 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(=O)C(O)C(O)C(=O)OC(C)=O ORYOIBJWFDNIPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229950010569 dichloroxylenol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- PXLWOFBAEVGBOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydrochalcone Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1C1=C(O)C=CC(C(=O)CC(O)C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)=C1O PXLWOFBAEVGBOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000520 diphenhydramine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- AUZONCFQVSMFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfiram Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(CC)CC AUZONCFQVSMFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DLNKOYKMWOXYQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dl-pseudophenylpropanolamine Natural products CC(N)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 DLNKOYKMWOXYQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001253 domperidone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- FGXWKSZFVQUSTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N domperidone Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2NC(=O)N1CCCN(CC1)CCC1N1C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2NC1=O FGXWKSZFVQUSTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002472 eletriptan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OTLDLQZJRFYOJR-LJQANCHMSA-N eletriptan Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@@H]1CC1=CN=C2[C]1C=C(CCS(=O)(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=C2 OTLDLQZJRFYOJR-LJQANCHMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960002179 ephedrine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960004943 ergotamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- XCGSFFUVFURLIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ergotaminine Natural products C1=C(C=2C=CC=C3NC=C(C=23)C2)C2N(C)CC1C(=O)NC(C(N12)=O)(C)OC1(O)C1CCCN1C(=O)C2CC1=CC=CC=C1 XCGSFFUVFURLIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N erythritol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019414 erythritol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940009714 erythritol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000686 essence Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229960001596 famotidine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- XUFQPHANEAPEMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N famotidine Chemical compound NC(N)=NC1=NC(CSCCC(N)=NS(N)(=O)=O)=CS1 XUFQPHANEAPEMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- MDQRDWAGHRLBPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroamine Chemical compound FN MDQRDWAGHRLBPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000304 folic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019152 folic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960004580 glibenclamide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZNNLBTZKUZBEKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyburide Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1C(=O)NCCC1=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC2CCCCC2)C=C1 ZNNLBTZKUZBEKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960005150 glycerol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000010985 glycerol esters of wood rosin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LPLVUJXQOOQHMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycyrrhetinic acid glycoside Natural products C1CC(C2C(C3(CCC4(C)CCC(C)(CC4C3=CC2=O)C(O)=O)C)(C)CC2)(C)C2C(C)(C)C1OC1OC(C(O)=O)C(O)C(O)C1OC1OC(C(O)=O)C(O)C(O)C1O LPLVUJXQOOQHMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004949 glycyrrhizic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UYRUBYNTXSDKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycyrrhizic acid Natural products CC1(C)C(CCC2(C)C1CCC3(C)C2C(=O)C=C4C5CC(C)(CCC5(C)CCC34C)C(=O)O)OC6OC(C(O)C(O)C6OC7OC(O)C(O)C(O)C7C(=O)O)C(=O)O UYRUBYNTXSDKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019410 glycyrrhizin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- LPLVUJXQOOQHMX-QWBHMCJMSA-N glycyrrhizinic acid Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1C([C@H]2[C@]([C@@H]3[C@@]([C@@]4(CC[C@@]5(C)CC[C@@](C)(C[C@H]5C4=CC3=O)C(O)=O)C)(C)CC2)(C)CC1)(C)C)C(O)=O)[C@@H]1O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O LPLVUJXQOOQHMX-QWBHMCJMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- IUJAMGNYPWYUPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hentriacontane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IUJAMGNYPWYUPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ACGUYXCXAPNIKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexachlorophene Chemical compound OC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1CC1=C(O)C(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1Cl ACGUYXCXAPNIKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004068 hexachlorophene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008123 high-intensity sweetener Substances 0.000 description 2
- JYGXADMDTFJGBT-VWUMJDOOSA-N hydrocortisone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 JYGXADMDTFJGBT-VWUMJDOOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008172 hydrogenated vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- CGIGDMFJXJATDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indomethacin Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(O)=O)C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2N1C(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 CGIGDMFJXJATDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N insulin Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)CN)C(C)CC)CSSCC(C(NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CSSCC(NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2NC=NC=2)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)CNC2=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)N3C(CCC3)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C)C(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C1CSSCC2NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)CC1=CN=CN1 NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000832 lactitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010448 lactitol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-JVCRWLNRSA-N lactitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]([C@H](O)CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-JVCRWLNRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003451 lactitol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000010449 maltitol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000845 maltitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-WUJBLJFYSA-N maltitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]([C@H](O)CO)O[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-WUJBLJFYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940035436 maltitol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940035034 maltodextrin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001797 methadone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OVXRPXGVKBHGQO-UYWIDEMCSA-N methyl (1r,4ar,4br,10ar)-1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound C1CC(C(C)C)=CC2=CC[C@H]3[C@@](C(=O)OC)(C)CCC[C@]3(C)[C@H]21 OVXRPXGVKBHGQO-UYWIDEMCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960004503 metoclopramide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- TTWJBBZEZQICBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N metoclopramide Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCNC(=O)C1=CC(Cl)=C(N)C=C1OC TTWJBBZEZQICBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960005181 morphine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- RHFUXPCCELGMFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(6-cyano-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3,4-dihydrochromen-4-yl)-n-phenylmethoxyacetamide Chemical compound OC1C(C)(C)OC2=CC=C(C#N)C=C2C1N(C(=O)C)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 RHFUXPCCELGMFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960005254 naratriptan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UNHGSHHVDNGCFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N naratriptan Chemical compound C=12[CH]C(CCS(=O)(=O)NC)=CC=C2N=CC=1C1CCN(C)CC1 UNHGSHHVDNGCFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVGIYYKRAMHVLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N newbouldiamide Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(CO)NC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC VVGIYYKRAMHVLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013615 non-nutritive sweetener Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VLTOSDJJTWPWLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-2-ynal Chemical class CCC#CC=O VLTOSDJJTWPWLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenolphthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)O1 KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229960005323 phenoxyethanol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- DLNKOYKMWOXYQA-APPZFPTMSA-N phenylpropanolamine Chemical compound C[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 DLNKOYKMWOXYQA-APPZFPTMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000395 phenylpropanolamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000013856 polydextrose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001259 polydextrose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940035035 polydextrose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229960003387 progesterone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000186 progesterone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960003712 propranolol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960002354 repaglinide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960002477 riboflavin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960000581 salicylamide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229950000975 salicylanilide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019710 soybean protein Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229940013618 stevioside Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OHHNJQXIOPOJSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N stevioside Natural products CC1(CCCC2(C)C3(C)CCC4(CC3(CCC12C)CC4=C)OC5OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C5OC6OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C6O)C(=O)OC7OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C7O OHHNJQXIOPOJSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019202 steviosides Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019408 sucralose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BAQAVOSOZGMPRM-QBMZZYIRSA-N sucralose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](Cl)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@]1(CCl)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CCl)O1 BAQAVOSOZGMPRM-QBMZZYIRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N theophylline Chemical compound O=C1N(C)C(=O)N(C)C2=C1NC=N2 ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000790 thymol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetin Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(OC(C)=O)COC(C)=O URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 229960003500 triclosan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014101 wine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005019 zein Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940093612 zein Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013904 zinc acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011670 zinc gluconate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011478 zinc gluconate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960000306 zinc gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-D-glucopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCHFTSOMWOSFHM-WPRPVWTQSA-N (+)-Pilocarpine Chemical compound C1OC(=O)[C@@H](CC)[C@H]1CC1=CN=CN1C QCHFTSOMWOSFHM-WPRPVWTQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMAYWYJOQHXEEK-OZXSUGGESA-N (2R,4S)-ketoconazole Chemical compound C1CN(C(=O)C)CCN1C(C=C1)=CC=C1OC[C@@H]1O[C@@](CN2C=NC=C2)(C=2C(=CC(Cl)=CC=2)Cl)OC1 XMAYWYJOQHXEEK-OZXSUGGESA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKQJVOJUSQJZPX-QMMMGPOBSA-N (2S)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(ethylamino)propanoic acid Chemical compound CCN[C@@H](Cc1ccc(O)c(O)c1)C(O)=O NKQJVOJUSQJZPX-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FELGMEQIXOGIFQ-CYBMUJFWSA-N (3r)-9-methyl-3-[(2-methylimidazol-1-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1h-carbazol-4-one Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1C[C@@H]1C(=O)C(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)N2C)=C2CC1 FELGMEQIXOGIFQ-CYBMUJFWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KVHQNWGLVVERFR-ACMTZBLWSA-N (3s)-3-amino-4-[[(2s)-1-methoxy-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid;6-methyl-2,2-dioxooxathiazin-4-one Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)[NH2+]S(=O)(=O)O1.[O-]C(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)OC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 KVHQNWGLVVERFR-ACMTZBLWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NUFKRGBSZPCGQB-FLBSXDLDSA-N (3s)-3-amino-4-oxo-4-[[(2r)-1-oxo-1-[(2,2,4,4-tetramethylthietan-3-yl)amino]propan-2-yl]amino]butanoic acid;pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C)C(=O)NC1C(C)(C)SC1(C)C.OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C)C(=O)NC1C(C)(C)SC1(C)C NUFKRGBSZPCGQB-FLBSXDLDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKSZLDSPXIWGFO-BLOJGBSASA-N (4r,4ar,7s,7ar,12bs)-9-methoxy-3-methyl-2,4,4a,7,7a,13-hexahydro-1h-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-7-ol;phosphoric acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O.C([C@H]1[C@H](N(CC[C@@]112)C)C3)=C[C@H](O)[C@@H]1OC1=C2C3=CC=C1OC.C([C@H]1[C@H](N(CC[C@@]112)C)C3)=C[C@H](O)[C@@H]1OC1=C2C3=CC=C1OC DKSZLDSPXIWGFO-BLOJGBSASA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULDHMXUKGWMISQ-VIFPVBQESA-N (S)-(+)-Carvone Natural products CC(=C)[C@H]1CC=C(C)C(=O)C1 ULDHMXUKGWMISQ-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWTSXDURSIMDCE-QMMMGPOBSA-N (S)-amphetamine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 KWTSXDURSIMDCE-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHTVZRBIWZFKQO-AWEZNQCLSA-N (S)-chloroquine Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C2C(N[C@@H](C)CCCN(CC)CC)=CC=NC2=C1 WHTVZRBIWZFKQO-AWEZNQCLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DYXBSXBXZNSAPO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,1-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-ium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C[N+]1(C)CCCC1 DYXBSXBXZNSAPO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZXSQEZNORDWBGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydropyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-2-one Chemical compound C1=CN=C2NC(=O)CC2=C1 ZXSQEZNORDWBGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMZHZAAOEWVPSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydroxypropyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(O)CO KMZHZAAOEWVPSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBHXKZDTQCSVPM-JRQHNPQYSA-N 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-[(2r,3s,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@@H]1OC[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC=2C(C3=C(O)C=C(OCCO)C=C3OC=2C=2C=C(O)C(O)=CC=2)=O)O1 MBHXKZDTQCSVPM-JRQHNPQYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZKLPARSLTMPFCP-OAQYLSRUSA-N 2-[2-[4-[(R)-(4-chlorophenyl)-phenylmethyl]-1-piperazinyl]ethoxy]acetic acid Chemical compound C1CN(CCOCC(=O)O)CCN1[C@@H](C=1C=CC(Cl)=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZKLPARSLTMPFCP-OAQYLSRUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKQVYJRZBVRXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-2-(methylamino)propanenitrile Chemical compound CNC(C)(C)C#N NKQVYJRZBVRXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MPPQGYCZBNURDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propionyl-6-dimethylaminonaphthalene Chemical compound C1=C(N(C)C)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)CC)=CC=C21 MPPQGYCZBNURDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQGYMIIFOSJQSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 22205-05-6 Chemical compound Cl.C1C2=CC=C(O)C=C2C2(C)C(C)C1N(CC=C(C)C)CC2 OQGYMIIFOSJQSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIDXCONKKJTLDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dimethylcyclopentane-1,2-dione Chemical compound CC1CC(C)C(=O)C1=O MIDXCONKKJTLDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWYLAEYXIQKAOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-butanone Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC(OC)=C1C(=O)CCCN1CCCC1 OWYLAEYXIQKAOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004377 Alitame Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000035285 Allergic Seasonal Rhinitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WKEMJKQOLOHJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Almogran Chemical compound C1=C2C(CCN(C)C)=CNC2=CC=C1CS(=O)(=O)N1CCCC1 WKEMJKQOLOHJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 244000144725 Amygdalus communis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011437 Amygdalus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000226021 Anacardium occidentale Species 0.000 description 1
- NNDHDYDFEDRMGH-CAEIVAEBSA-N Anthranoyllycoctonine Chemical compound C([C@]12CN(C3[C@@]4(O)[C@]5(O)[C@H]6[C@@H](OC)[C@@H]([C@H](C5)OC)C[C@H]6[C@@]3([C@@H]1[C@@H]4OC)[C@@H](OC)CC2)CC)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1N NNDHDYDFEDRMGH-CAEIVAEBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930003347 Atropine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- WMRRSVVFVYSOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCC(=O)O)(=O)O.C(CCCCCCC)SCCCCCCCC Chemical compound C(CCC(=O)O)(=O)O.C(CCCCCCC)SCCCCCCCC WMRRSVVFVYSOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940127291 Calcium channel antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010076119 Caseins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000218645 Cedrus Species 0.000 description 1
- WJLVQTJZDCGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorhexidine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1NC(N)=NC(N)=NCCCCCCN=C(N)N=C(N)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WJLVQTJZDCGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UDKCHVLMFQVBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-M Choline salicylate Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO.OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O UDKCHVLMFQVBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000037364 Cinnamomum aromaticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014489 Cinnamomum aromaticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000207199 Citrus Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000183685 Citrus aurantium Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007716 Citrus aurantium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000560 Citrus x paradisi Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LKDRXBCSQODPBY-OEXCPVAWSA-N D-tagatose Chemical compound OCC1(O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O LKDRXBCSQODPBY-OEXCPVAWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010001682 Dextranase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- PYGXAGIECVVIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl decanedioate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCC PYGXAGIECVVIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019739 Dicalciumphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004150 EU approved colour Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010073178 Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004366 Glucose oxidase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010015776 Glucose oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heparin Chemical compound OC1C(NC(=O)C)C(O)OC(COS(O)(=O)=O)C1OC1C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(O3)C(O)=O)OS(O)(=O)=O)C(CO)O2)NS(O)(=O)=O)C(C(O)=O)O1 HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000801619 Homo sapiens Long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ACSBG1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920001908 Hydrogenated starch hydrolysate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LHFKHAVGGJJQFF-UEOYEZOQSA-N Hydroxy-alpha-sanshool Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C\C=C/CC\C=C\C(=O)NCC(C)(C)O LHFKHAVGGJJQFF-UEOYEZOQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKUNBYITZUJHSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hyosciamin-hydrochlorid Natural products CN1C(C2)CCC1CC2OC(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 RKUNBYITZUJHSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HEFNNWSXXWATRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ibuprofen Chemical compound CC(C)CC1=CC=C(C(C)C(O)=O)C=C1 HEFNNWSXXWATRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000003325 Ilex Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000209035 Ilex Species 0.000 description 1
- 108090001061 Insulin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004877 Insulin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229920001202 Inulin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UXOXDDUEWZOAIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Inuline Natural products CCN1CC2(CC(=O)Oc3ccccc3N)CCC(OC)C45C6CC7C(CC(O)(C6C7OC)C(O)(C(OC)C24)C15)OC UXOXDDUEWZOAIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKXZASYAUGDDCJ-SZMVWBNQSA-N LSM-2525 Chemical compound C1CCC[C@H]2[C@@]3([H])N(C)CC[C@]21C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C3 MKXZASYAUGDDCJ-SZMVWBNQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lidocaine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000161 Locust bean gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102100033564 Long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ACSBG1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- MQHWFIOJQSCFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium salicylate Chemical compound [Mg+2].OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O.OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O MQHWFIOJQSCFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000220225 Malus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011430 Malus pumila Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015103 Malus silvestris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YJPIGAIKUZMOQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Melatonin Natural products COC1=CC=C2N(C(C)=O)C=C(CCN)C2=C1 YJPIGAIKUZMOQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000246386 Mentha pulegium Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016257 Mentha pulegium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000004357 Mentha x piperita Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NPPQSCRMBWNHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Meprobamate Chemical compound NC(=O)OCC(C)(CCC)COC(N)=O NPPQSCRMBWNHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000276489 Merlangius merlangus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- DUGOZIWVEXMGBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylphenidate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C(=O)OC)C1CCCCN1 DUGOZIWVEXMGBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBAQFPQHRJAVAV-ULAWRXDQSA-N Miglitol Chemical compound OCCN1C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1CO IBAQFPQHRJAVAV-ULAWRXDQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000009421 Myristica fragrans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000270834 Myristica fragrans Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000009023 Myrrhis odorata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007265 Myrrhis odorata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QZTLGJIUZACNEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N NCl.N1C=CC=C1 Chemical class NCl.N1C=CC=C1 QZTLGJIUZACNEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMWTZPSULFXXJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naproxen Natural products C1=C(C(C)C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(OC)=CC=C21 CMWTZPSULFXXJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 description 1
- ZSJRKTHYEVAUEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC1=CC=2C3(C)C(C)C(CC2C=C1)N(CC=C(C)C)CC3.C(C)(=O)O Chemical compound OC1=CC=2C3(C)C(C)C(CC2C=C1)N(CC=C(C)C)CC3.C(C)(=O)O ZSJRKTHYEVAUEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108090000526 Papain Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000012550 Pimpinella anisum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Poloxamer Chemical compound C1CO1.CC1CO1 RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001213 Polysorbate 20 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000241413 Propolis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010009736 Protein Hydrolysates Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000009827 Prunus armeniaca Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000018633 Prunus armeniaca Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000220324 Pyrus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000206572 Rhodophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000017848 Rubus fruticosus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ABBQHOQBGMUPJH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium salicylate Chemical compound [Na+].OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O ABBQHOQBGMUPJH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010023197 Streptokinase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GUGOEEXESWIERI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terfenadine Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C(O)CCCN1CCC(C(O)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)CC1 GUGOEEXESWIERI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPWHTZKZQNXVAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetracaine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CCCCNC1=CC=C(C(=O)OCCN(C)C)C=C1 PPWHTZKZQNXVAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004098 Tetracycline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009470 Theobroma cacao Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000007303 Thymus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002657 Thymus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N Trehalose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003095 Vaccinium corymbosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017537 Vaccinium myrtillus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009499 Vanilla fragrans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000263375 Vanilla tahitensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012036 Vanilla tahitensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930003471 Vitamin B2 Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930003448 Vitamin K Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000006886 Zingiber officinale Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000273928 Zingiber officinale Species 0.000 description 1
- DOQPXTMNIUCOSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl]-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-methylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [H+].[Cl-].C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1CCN(C)CCCC(C#N)(C(C)C)C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 DOQPXTMNIUCOSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001785 acacia senegal l. willd gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- LZBCVRCTAYKYHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;chloroethene Chemical compound ClC=C.CC(O)=O LZBCVRCTAYKYHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019409 alitame Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010009985 alitame Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OFCNXPDARWKPPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N allopurinol Chemical compound OC1=NC=NC2=C1C=NN2 OFCNXPDARWKPPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003459 allopurinol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020224 almond Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002133 almotriptan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N alpha,alpha-trehalose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-LECHCGJUSA-N alpha-D-xylose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1CO[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-LECHCGJUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AWUCVROLDVIAJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-glycerophosphate Natural products OCC(O)COP(O)(O)=O AWUCVROLDVIAJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UTUUIUQHGDRVPU-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum;2-aminoacetate;dihydroxide;hydrate Chemical compound O.[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3].NCC([O-])=O UTUUIUQHGDRVPU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- JIFPTBLGXRKRAO-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum;magnesium;hydroxide;sulfate Chemical compound [OH-].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O JIFPTBLGXRKRAO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940025084 amphetamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNRZCPPHNPEBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthranoyllycoctonine Natural products CCN1CC2(COC(=O)c3ccccc3N)CCC(OC)C45C2C(OC)C(O)(C14)C6(O)CC(OC)C7CC5(O)C6C7OC VNRZCPPHNPEBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940124433 antimigraine drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003420 antiserotonin agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004046 apomorphine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VMWNQDUVQKEIOC-CYBMUJFWSA-N apomorphine Chemical compound C([C@H]1N(C)CC2)C3=CC=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C1C2=CC=C3 VMWNQDUVQKEIOC-CYBMUJFWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019413 aspartame-acesulfame salt Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004754 astemizole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GXDALQBWZGODGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N astemizole Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1CCN1CCC(NC=2N(C3=CC=CC=C3N=2)CC=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)CC1 GXDALQBWZGODGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000396 atropine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RKUNBYITZUJHSG-SPUOUPEWSA-N atropine Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@H]2CC[C@@H](C1)N2C)C(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 RKUNBYITZUJHSG-SPUOUPEWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003851 azoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960000686 benzalkonium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001950 benzethonium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UREZNYTWGJKWBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzethonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OCCOCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 UREZNYTWGJKWBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(dimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[NH+](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002876 beta blocker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930006722 beta-pinene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000021029 blackberry Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021014 blueberries Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 1
- OJGDCBLYJGHCIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromhexine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N(C)CC1=CC(Br)=CC(Br)=C1N OJGDCBLYJGHCIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003870 bromhexine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000725 brompheniramine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZDIGNSYAACHWNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N brompheniramine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=NC=1C(CCN(C)C)C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 ZDIGNSYAACHWNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010634 bubble gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001705 buclizine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MOYGZHXDRJNJEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N buclizine Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1CN1CCN(C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CC1 MOYGZHXDRJNJEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001415 buflomedil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RMRJXGBAOAMLHD-IHFGGWKQSA-N buprenorphine Chemical compound C([C@]12[C@H]3OC=4C(O)=CC=C(C2=4)C[C@@H]2[C@]11CC[C@]3([C@H](C1)[C@](C)(O)C(C)(C)C)OC)CN2CC1CC1 RMRJXGBAOAMLHD-IHFGGWKQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001736 buprenorphine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SNPPWIUOZRMYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bupropion Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NC(C)C(=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 SNPPWIUOZRMYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001058 bupropion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019282 butylated hydroxyanisole Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000480 calcium channel blocker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001714 calcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013736 caramel Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020226 cashew nut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960001927 cetylpyridinium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YMKDRGPMQRFJGP-UHFFFAOYSA-M cetylpyridinium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 YMKDRGPMQRFJGP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YZIYKJHYYHPJIB-UUPCJSQJSA-N chlorhexidine gluconate Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O.C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1NC(=N)NC(=N)NCCCCCCNC(=N)NC(=N)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 YZIYKJHYYHPJIB-UUPCJSQJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003333 chlorhexidine gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004504 chlorhexidine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003677 chloroquine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WHTVZRBIWZFKQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroquine Natural products ClC1=CC=C2C(NC(C)CCCN(CC)CC)=CC=NC2=C1 WHTVZRBIWZFKQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003291 chlorphenamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SOYKEARSMXGVTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorphenamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=NC=1C(CCN(C)C)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 SOYKEARSMXGVTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002688 choline salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005233 cineole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DCSUBABJRXZOMT-IRLDBZIGSA-N cisapride Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@@H](CC1)NC(=O)C=2C(=CC(N)=C(Cl)C=2)OC)OC)N1CCCOC1=CC=C(F)C=C1 DCSUBABJRXZOMT-IRLDBZIGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005132 cisapride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DCSUBABJRXZOMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cisapride Natural products C1CC(NC(=O)C=2C(=CC(N)=C(Cl)C=2)OC)C(OC)CN1CCCOC1=CC=C(F)C=C1 DCSUBABJRXZOMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ASARMUCNOOHMLO-WLORSUFZSA-L cobalt(2+);[(2r,3s,4r,5s)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2s)-1-[3-[(1r,2r,3r,4z,7s,9z,12s,13s,14z,17s,18s,19r)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2 Chemical compound [Co+2].[N-]([C@@H]1[C@H](CC(N)=O)[C@@]2(C)CCC(=O)NC[C@H](C)OP([O-])(=O)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]3CO)N3C4=CC(C)=C(C)C=C4N=C3)O)\C2=C(C)/C([C@H](C\2(C)C)CCC(N)=O)=N/C/2=C\C([C@H]([C@@]/2(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=N\C\2=C(C)/C2=N[C@]1(C)[C@@](C)(CC(N)=O)[C@@H]2CCC(N)=O ASARMUCNOOHMLO-WLORSUFZSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960004126 codeine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001012 codeine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004415 codeine phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002808 connective tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940109275 cyclamate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000625 cyclamic acid and its Na and Ca salt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001677 cyclizine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UKPBEPCQTDRZSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclizine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1CN(C)CCN1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 UKPBEPCQTDRZSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108700027018 deaminooxytocin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GTYWGUNQAMYZPF-QPLNMOKZSA-N demoxytocin Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSCCC(=O)N1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(N)=O)=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 GTYWGUNQAMYZPF-QPLNMOKZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000477 demoxytocin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940023487 dental product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004281 desmopressin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001985 dextromethorphan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K dicalcium phosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940038472 dicalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000390 dicalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001259 diclofenac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DCOPUUMXTXDBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diclofenac Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1NC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl DCOPUUMXTXDBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001275 dimeticone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HYPPXZBJBPSRLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenoxylate Chemical compound C1CC(C(=O)OCC)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCN1CCC(C#N)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 HYPPXZBJBPSRLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004192 diphenoxylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002563 disulfiram Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005178 doxylamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HCFDWZZGGLSKEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N doxylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=NC=1C(C)(OCCN(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 HCFDWZZGGLSKEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002183 duodenal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950003246 ecabet Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- OFKDAAIKGIBASY-VFGNJEKYSA-N ergotamine Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2[C@]2(O)O[C@@](C(N21)=O)(C)NC(=O)[C@H]1CN([C@H]2C(C3=CC=CC4=NC=C([C]34)C2)=C1)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 OFKDAAIKGIBASY-VFGNJEKYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005450 eritrityl tetranitrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SNFOERUNNSHUGP-ZXZARUISSA-N erythrityl tetranitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OC[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNFOERUNNSHUGP-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003276 erythromycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SUBDBMMJDZJVOS-DEOSSOPVSA-N esomeprazole Chemical compound C([S@](=O)C1=NC2=CC=C(C=C2N1)OC)C1=NC=C(C)C(OC)=C1C SUBDBMMJDZJVOS-DEOSSOPVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004770 esomeprazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002168 ethanoic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LUJQXGBDWAGQHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl acetate;phthalic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O LUJQXGBDWAGQHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLVVKKSPKXTQRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC=C GLVVKKSPKXTQRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004945 etoricoxib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MNJVRJDLRVPLFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N etoricoxib Chemical compound C1=NC(C)=CC=C1C1=NC=C(Cl)C=C1C1=CC=C(S(C)(=O)=O)C=C1 MNJVRJDLRVPLFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CAHCBJPUTCKATP-FAWZKKEFSA-N etorphine Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@@]2(OC)C=C[C@@]34C[C@@H]2[C@](C)(O)CCC)C2=C5[C@]41CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C2O CAHCBJPUTCKATP-FAWZKKEFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950004155 etorphine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000144992 flock Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940077441 fluorapatite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052587 fluorapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- FTSSQIKWUOOEGC-RULYVFMPSA-N fructooligosaccharide Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@](CO)(OC[C@@]2(OC[C@@]3(OC[C@@]4(OC[C@@]5(OC[C@@]6(OC[C@@]7(OC[C@@]8(OC[C@@]9(OC[C@@]%10(OC[C@@]%11(O[C@H]%12O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%12O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]%11O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]%10O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]9O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]8O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]7O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]6O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]5O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O FTSSQIKWUOOEGC-RULYVFMPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940107187 fructooligosaccharide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001002 functional polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000008397 ginger Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001381 glipizide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZJJXGWJIGJFDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glipizide Chemical compound C1=NC(C)=CN=C1C(=O)NCCC1=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC2CCCCC2)C=C1 ZJJXGWJIGJFDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940116332 glucose oxidase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019420 glucose oxidase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021312 gluten Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001087 glyceryl triacetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013773 glyceryl triacetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MFWNKCLOYSRHCJ-BTTYYORXSA-N granisetron Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)N[C@H]3C[C@H]4CCC[C@@H](C3)N4C)=NN(C)C2=C1 MFWNKCLOYSRHCJ-BTTYYORXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003727 granisetron Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002897 heparin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000669 heparin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000001050 hortel pimenta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OROGSEYTTFOCAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrocodone Natural products C1C(N(CCC234)C)C2C=CC(O)C3OC2=C4C1=CC=C2OC OROGSEYTTFOCAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000890 hydrocortisone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XSEOYPMPHHCUBN-FGYWBSQSSA-N hydroxylated lecithin Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)COC(=O)CCCCCCC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CCCCCCCC XSEOYPMPHHCUBN-FGYWBSQSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQDWXGKKHFNSQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyzine Chemical compound C1CN(CCOCCO)CCN1C(C=1C=CC(Cl)=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZQDWXGKKHFNSQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000930 hydroxyzine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000905 indomethacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940125396 insulin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JYJIGFIDKWBXDU-MNNPPOADSA-N inulin Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)OC[C@]1(OC[C@]2(OC[C@]3(OC[C@]4(OC[C@]5(OC[C@]6(OC[C@]7(OC[C@]8(OC[C@]9(OC[C@]%10(OC[C@]%11(OC[C@]%12(OC[C@]%13(OC[C@]%14(OC[C@]%15(OC[C@]%16(OC[C@]%17(OC[C@]%18(OC[C@]%19(OC[C@]%20(OC[C@]%21(OC[C@]%22(OC[C@]%23(OC[C@]%24(OC[C@]%25(OC[C@]%26(OC[C@]%27(OC[C@]%28(OC[C@]%29(OC[C@]%30(OC[C@]%31(OC[C@]%32(OC[C@]%33(OC[C@]%34(OC[C@]%35(OC[C@]%36(O[C@@H]%37[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%37)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%36)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%35)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%34)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%33)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%32)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%31)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%30)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%29)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%28)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%27)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%26)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%25)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%24)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%23)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%22)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%21)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%20)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%19)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%18)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%17)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%16)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%15)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%14)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%13)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%12)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%11)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%10)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O9)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O8)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O7)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O6)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O5)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O4)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O3)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 JYJIGFIDKWBXDU-MNNPPOADSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940029339 inulin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004903 invert sugar Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004164 isoxsuprine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJHIKXHVCXFQLS-PQLUHFTBSA-N keto-D-tagatose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C(=O)CO BJHIKXHVCXFQLS-PQLUHFTBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004125 ketoconazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DKYWVDODHFEZIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ketoprofen Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)C1=CC=CC(C(=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 DKYWVDODHFEZIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000991 ketoprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003174 lansoprazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MJIHNNLFOKEZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lansoprazole Chemical compound CC1=C(OCC(F)(F)F)C=CN=C1CS(=O)C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2N1 MJIHNNLFOKEZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001508 levocetirizine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004194 lidocaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010420 locust bean gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000711 locust bean gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000994 lumiracoxib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KHPKQFYUPIUARC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lumiracoxib Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC(C)=CC=C1NC1=C(F)C=CC=C1Cl KHPKQFYUPIUARC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004018 magaldrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940072082 magnesium salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010025482 malaise Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960002160 maltose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000320 mechanical mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003987 melatonin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DRLFMBDRBRZALE-UHFFFAOYSA-N melatonin Chemical compound COC1=CC=C2NC=C(CCNC(C)=O)C2=C1 DRLFMBDRBRZALE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004815 meprobamate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XZWYZXLIPXDOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N metformin Chemical compound CN(C)C(=N)NC(N)=N XZWYZXLIPXDOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003105 metformin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940117841 methacrylic acid copolymer Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920003145 methacrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960005189 methadone hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WHLATLJVYMNVTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl n-(1,2,3,10-tetramethoxy-9-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5h-benzo[a]heptalen-7-yl)carbamate Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(=O)C=C2C(NC(=O)OC)CCC3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C3C2=C1 WHLATLJVYMNVTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001344 methylphenidate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000282 metronidazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VAOCPAMSLUNLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N metronidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=C([N+]([O-])=O)N1CCO VAOCPAMSLUNLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004200 microcrystalline wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001110 miglitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940028441 minirin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003443 monoxerutin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000030194 mouth disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004719 nandrolone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NPAGDVCDWIYMMC-IZPLOLCNSA-N nandrolone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@@H]2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 NPAGDVCDWIYMMC-IZPLOLCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002009 naproxen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CMWTZPSULFXXJA-VIFPVBQESA-N naproxen Chemical compound C1=C([C@H](C)C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(OC)=CC=C21 CMWTZPSULFXXJA-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001597 nifedipine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HYIMSNHJOBLJNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nifedipine Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OC)C1C1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O HYIMSNHJOBLJNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004872 nizatidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SGXXNSQHWDMGGP-IZZDOVSWSA-N nizatidine Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\C=C(/NC)NCCSCC1=CSC(CN(C)C)=N1 SGXXNSQHWDMGGP-IZZDOVSWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001702 nutmeg Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000988 nystatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VQOXZBDYSJBXMA-NQTDYLQESA-N nystatin A1 Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/CC/C=C/C=C/[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)CC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]2C(O)=O)O[C@H]2C1 VQOXZBDYSJBXMA-NQTDYLQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethyltrisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001117 oleyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960005343 ondansetron Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940006093 opthalmologic coloring agent diagnostic Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002895 organic esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- AHLBNYSZXLDEJQ-FWEHEUNISA-N orlistat Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC[C@H](OC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC=O)C[C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@H]1CCCCCC AHLBNYSZXLDEJQ-FWEHEUNISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001243 orlistat Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940055729 papain Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019834 papain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021017 pears Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- VOKSWYLNZZRQPF-GDIGMMSISA-N pentazocine Chemical class C1C2=CC=C(O)C=C2[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](C)[C@@H]1N(CC=C(C)C)CC2 VOKSWYLNZZRQPF-GDIGMMSISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DDBREPKUVSBGFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenobarbital Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(CC)C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O DDBREPKUVSBGFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002695 phenobarbital Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001802 phenylephrine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SONNWYBIRXJNDC-VIFPVBQESA-N phenylephrine Chemical compound CNC[C@H](O)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1 SONNWYBIRXJNDC-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZRPKIZLIFYYKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyltoloxamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC1=CC=CC=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 IZRPKIZLIFYYKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001526 phenyltoloxamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SHUZOJHMOBOZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N phylloquinone Natural products CC(C)CCCCC(C)CCC(C)CCCC(=CCC1=C(C)C(=O)c2ccccc2C1=O)C SHUZOJHMOBOZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002702 piroxicam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QYSPLQLAKJAUJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N piroxicam Chemical compound OC=1C2=CC=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)N(C)C=1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=N1 QYSPLQLAKJAUJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000419 plant extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000502 poloxamer Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008389 polyethoxylated castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003996 polyglycerol polyricinoleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010958 polyglycerol polyricinoleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011185 polyoxyethylene (40) stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001194 polyoxyethylene (40) stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002744 polyvinyl acetate phthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005205 prednisolone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OIGNJSKKLXVSLS-VWUMJDOOSA-N prednisolone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 OIGNJSKKLXVSLS-VWUMJDOOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004618 prednisone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N prednisone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C(=O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- SSOLNOMRVKKSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N proguanil Chemical compound CC(C)\N=C(/N)N=C(N)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 SSOLNOMRVKKSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003910 promethazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,1-diol Chemical class CCC(O)O ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940069949 propolis Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000473 propyl gallate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010388 propyl gallate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940075579 propyl gallate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000620 ranitidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VMXUWOKSQNHOCA-LCYFTJDESA-N ranitidine Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)/C=C(/NC)NCCSCC1=CC=C(CN(C)C)O1 VMXUWOKSQNHOCA-LCYFTJDESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002151 riboflavin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019192 riboflavin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004170 rice bran wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019384 rice bran wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000425 rizatriptan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- TXHZXHICDBAVJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N rizatriptan Chemical compound C=1[C]2C(CCN(C)C)=CN=C2C=CC=1CN1C=NC=N1 TXHZXHICDBAVJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000371 rofecoxib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RZJQGNCSTQAWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N rofecoxib Chemical compound C1=CC(S(=O)(=O)C)=CC=C1C1=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)OC1 RZJQGNCSTQAWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004586 rosiglitazone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UNAANXDKBXWMLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sibutramine Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1C1(C(N(C)C)CC(C)C)CCC1 UNAANXDKBXWMLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004425 sibutramine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002639 sildenafil citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DEIYFTQMQPDXOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N sildenafil citrate Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O.CCCC1=NN(C)C(C(N2)=O)=C1N=C2C(C(=CC=1)OCC)=CC=1S(=O)(=O)N1CCN(C)CC1 DEIYFTQMQPDXOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver acetate Chemical compound [Ag+].CC([O-])=O CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940071536 silver acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LKZMBDSASOBTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver carbonate Substances [Ag].[O-]C([O-])=O LKZMBDSASOBTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001958 silver carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AWUCVROLDVIAJX-GSVOUGTGSA-N sn-glycerol 3-phosphate Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)COP(O)(O)=O AWUCVROLDVIAJX-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960004025 sodium salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RCVIHORGZULVTN-YGJXXQMASA-M sodium;(1r,4as,10ar)-1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-6-sulfo-2,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].OC(=O)[C@@](C)([C@@H]1CC2)CCC[C@]1(C)C1=C2C=C(C(C)C)C(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1 RCVIHORGZULVTN-YGJXXQMASA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005202 streptokinase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001631 strontium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AHBGXTDRMVNFER-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Sr+2] AHBGXTDRMVNFER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960005137 succinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019605 sweet taste sensations Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WOXKDUGGOYFFRN-IIBYNOLFSA-N tadalafil Chemical compound C1=C2OCOC2=CC([C@@H]2C3=C(C4=CC=CC=C4N3)C[C@H]3N2C(=O)CN(C3=O)C)=C1 WOXKDUGGOYFFRN-IIBYNOLFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002871 tenoxicam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WZWYJBNHTWCXIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tenoxicam Chemical compound O=C1C=2SC=CC=2S(=O)(=O)N(C)C1=C(O)NC1=CC=CC=N1 WZWYJBNHTWCXIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003604 testosterone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002494 tetracaine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002180 tetracycline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930101283 tetracycline Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019364 tetracycline Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003522 tetracyclines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000892 thaumatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010436 thaumatin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000278 theophylline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001585 thymus vulgaris Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005196 titanium dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEZNLOUZAIOMLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolfenamic acid Chemical compound CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O YEZNLOUZAIOMLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002905 tolfenamic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002622 triacetin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002117 triamcinolone acetonide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YNDXUCZADRHECN-JNQJZLCISA-N triamcinolone acetonide Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O YNDXUCZADRHECN-JNQJZLCISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940078499 tricalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000391 tricalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019731 tricalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003688 tropisetron Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UIVFDCIXTSJXBB-ITGUQSILSA-N tropisetron Chemical compound C1=CC=C[C]2C(C(=O)O[C@H]3C[C@H]4CC[C@@H](C3)N4C)=CN=C21 UIVFDCIXTSJXBB-ITGUQSILSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002004 valdecoxib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LNPDTQAFDNKSHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N valdecoxib Chemical compound CC=1ON=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=1C1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 LNPDTQAFDNKSHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000881 verapamil hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019164 vitamin B2 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011716 vitamin B2 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019168 vitamin K Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011712 vitamin K Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003721 vitamin K derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940046010 vitamin k Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005550 wet granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960003487 xylose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960001360 zolmitriptan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UTAZCRNOSWWEFR-ZDUSSCGKSA-N zolmitriptan Chemical compound C=1[C]2C(CCN(C)C)=CN=C2C=CC=1C[C@H]1COC(=O)N1 UTAZCRNOSWWEFR-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N β-Carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTARULDDTDQWMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N β-pinene Chemical compound C1C2C(C)(C)C1CCC2=C WTARULDDTDQWMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G4/00—Chewing gum
- A23G4/18—Chewing gum characterised by shape, structure or physical form, e.g. aerated products
- A23G4/20—Composite products, e.g. centre-filled, multi-layer, laminated
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G4/00—Chewing gum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G4/00—Chewing gum
- A23G4/06—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G4/00—Chewing gum
- A23G4/06—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
- A23G4/068—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds containing plants or parts thereof, e.g. fruits, seeds, extracts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G4/00—Chewing gum
- A23G4/06—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
- A23G4/08—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds of the chewing gum base
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G4/00—Chewing gum
- A23G4/06—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
- A23G4/12—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds containing microorganisms or enzymes; containing paramedical or dietetical agents, e.g. vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G4/00—Chewing gum
- A23G4/18—Chewing gum characterised by shape, structure or physical form, e.g. aerated products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P10/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the products
- A23P10/20—Agglomerating; Granulating; Tabletting
- A23P10/28—Tabletting; Making food bars by compression of a dry powdered mixture
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P20/00—Coating of foodstuffs; Coatings therefor; Making laminated, multi-layered, stuffed or hollow foodstuffs
- A23P20/10—Coating with edible coatings, e.g. with oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/10—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/16—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of tobacco substitutes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
- B30B11/02—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space
- B30B11/08—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space co-operating with moulds carried by a turntable
- B30B11/085—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space co-operating with moulds carried by a turntable for multi-layer articles
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Confectionery (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及包含至少两个粘着的口香糖模块(21、22、23)的口香糖片(20),所述片状口香糖通过压缩口香糖颗粒形成,至少一个所述口香糖模块包含胶基颗粒,所述胶基颗粒包含弹性体系统,所述口香糖片包含至少所述片10重量%的弹性体系统。根据本发明,已经获得的压缩口香糖片的特征是,具有引入完全限定量的口香糖成分的极其引人注目的能力以及可接受的完整片的流变性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及口香糖片。
背景技术
在本领域内已知生产口香糖片的各种方法,这些方法都与应用的基本成分有关并且与最终口香糖片的制造方法有关。
因此,传统的口香糖例如可以通过胶基的初始制备来制造,胶基的初始制备通常通过将水不溶性成分例如弹性体和树脂在压力和升温条件下混合。其次,将口香糖成分通常是水溶性成分和例如香料加入胶基,再次混合。随后可以通过将最终口香糖混合物例如通过一种压缩方式简单成型成期望的口香糖片形状来得到最终片。上述过程可以以连续方式或间歇方式进行。
当定位大范围消费者市场或者进行大规模生产时通常优选这类口香糖,很多原因之一是最终产品具有有利的质地。因此,许多年来普遍优选这种方法。
US 4,847,090描述了这种口香糖的实例,其中至少一个最终口香糖混合物的预处理串与其它不同成份特性的层层压或者聚集在一起。
应用的另一种方法与上述基本上完全不同,可以一般地描述为如上所述初始常规混合胶基,然后将得到的胶基混合物造粒。随后可以将得到的胶基与其它口香糖成分混合,例如甜味剂和香料。然后可以将这种最终的颗粒混合物在高压下压缩(通常在应用时,冷却)成口香糖片。
这种类型的口香糖,制成片的或压缩的口香糖,已经被广泛使用,尤其在医用口香糖领域内,这是因为其涉及到相对小心地处理口香糖成分的方式,尤其是通常非常容易受到例如高温损害的活性成分。
本发明涉及最后提到的口香糖类型,即压缩口香糖。
通常,如上所述,已知压缩口香糖非常适合应用易损成分。
上述压缩口香糖的一个问题是,所述口香糖的生产成本可能相对高,而且如果需要进一步的处理例如最终片的包衣,则可能会由于增加的生产成本导致稍微失去最初得到的优点,并且包衣期间应力和温度引起的片弱化甚至可能更糟。
上面提到的压缩口香糖的另一问题是,口香糖成分之间不期望的相互作用限制了所述技术提供的可能变化和应用。
DE 28 08 160公开了上述类型的口香糖片。所公开的口香糖片是通过压缩咀嚼颗粒得到的,然后可以通过咀嚼颗粒与不同成分例如甜味剂或活性成分混合的一些不同层形成片。所公开的片的问题在于,在所有层均基于与不同成分混合的口香糖颗粒生产的意义上,对不同层的混合物的要求受到相当限制。换句话说,在各个层中必须存在显著量的口香糖颗粒,由此限制成分的选择,尤其是可能的浓度。
本发明的目的是得到没有或几乎没有上述缺点的压缩口香糖。
发明内容
根据本发明,已经认识到即使片的不同模块的特征存在显著差别实际上也是可以接受的,这既与制造有关,其次也与质地有关。
根据本发明,已经获得的压缩口香糖片的特征是,具有引入完全限定量的口香糖成分的极其优越的能力以及可接受的完整片的流变性能。
已经令人惊奇地实现了,不仅可以生产多模块压缩口香糖,而且当不同模块被咀嚼成包含不同模块剩余物的混合物的一块时,可以得到不只是可接受的质地和口感。
当使用具有非常不同性质的模块例如口香糖基模块和甜味剂模块时尤其令人感兴趣。
本发明涉及口香糖片10、20、30、40、50,其包含至少两个粘附的口香糖模块11、12;21、22、23;31、32;41、42;51、52,所述制成片的口香糖通过口香糖颗粒的压缩形成,至少一个所述口香糖模块包含胶基颗粒,所述胶基颗粒包含弹性体系统,所述口香糖片包含 弹性体系统,其量为至少0.1克或口香糖片的至少10重量%。
当建立多模块片状口香糖的“构架”时,根据本发明认识到,这种系统首先包含弹性体和弹性体溶剂的系统,并且这种系统应该包含至少0.1克或完整口香糖的10重量%,除了任选的外包衣以外。因此,试验已经显示这种多模块口香糖具有改善的最初咀嚼。
试验已经显示,可以通过在完整口香糖中显著增加有效绝对量的弹性体和弹性体溶剂来得到改善的质地和稠度。因此,甚至高百分比的胶基可以在特定环境下缺乏希望得到的胶基特性。
具体而言,包含足够绝对量的弹性体和弹性体溶剂的口香糖已经显示出吸引人的性能,尤其在使用非常大量的非口香糖层的背景下。
因此,试验已经显示,除了最初可接受的片外观以外,还可以得到改善的最初咀嚼外观。
如本文使用的术语“弹性体系统”包含胶基中的弹性体、弹性体增塑剂和树脂。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述口香糖片包含弹性体系统,其量至少为口香糖片的15重量%,优选至少为口香糖片的20重量%。
根据本发明的实施方案,通过使用不少于约15重量%的片状多模块口香糖可以得到改善的性能。此外已经认识到,弹性体量的增加导致长期香味释放的改善,这是因为强弹性体系统易于吸收较大量的香味并且在更长时期基础上释放这些成分。换句话说,在最初咀嚼期间通过引入胶基或弹性体系统来延迟最初释放成分。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述口香糖片包含弹性体系统的量为口香糖片的至少25重量%。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述口香糖片包含弹性体系统的量为含有模块的弹性体系统的至少15重量%,优选至少30重量%。
试验结果进一步显示,增加弹性体系统的量可以促进对于可得到的质地的有利压缩。当使用相对少量的弹性体系统即少于单个口香糖模块的约15%时,调节含胶基模块的硬度的难度增加。另一方面,当使用的量为含胶基模块的至少15重量%时,通常可以期望所需的质 地,因为增加弹性体系统的量使得到所需质地的过程对施加的压缩压力较不敏感。
在本发明的实施方案中,至少一个口香糖模块包含压缩水果颗粒、压缩水果、压缩脂肪、压缩甘草或其任意组合。
根据本发明的实施方案,可以使用一些非常规的口香糖成分,因为将模块聚集成一个片的方法可能被认为与例如需要例如扩散介质的不同包衣方法相比或与例如关于温度的需求相比是相对无关的。这种方法易于以不期望的方式与存在的结构相互作用,而根据本发明使用的压缩可以被认为基本上无破坏性,既关于存在的结构也关于加入的结构。
在本发明的实施方案中,至少10重量%的弹性体系统包含聚乙酸乙烯酯,优选至少20重量%的弹性体系统,最优选至少约30重量%的弹性体系统包含聚乙酸乙烯酯。
使用例如巧克力、脂肪、水果等成分的问题在于,这些成分在咀嚼期间易于与口香糖胶基反应并且可能发生口香糖“骨架”的溶解或崩解。根据本发明的实施方案,使用显著量的聚乙酸乙烯酯(PVA)可以抵消口香糖片全部或部分的溶解。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述弹性体系统包含弹性体部分和弹性体溶剂部分,其中弹性体溶剂的量大于弹性体的量。
根据本发明的实施方案,弹性体和弹性体溶剂量的适当关系的实例是1:2,即一份弹性体对两份弹性体溶剂。
在本领域内已经非常好地限定了弹性体,但是为了清楚的原因应该注意,弹性体通常是指例如天然或合成树脂。
在本发明实施方案中,所述口香糖片包含乳化剂。
根据本发明实施方案,乳化剂可以用于软化弹性体系统的目的,以改善例如活性成分从胶基或弹性体系统的释放。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述口香糖片包含与弹性体系统混合的乳化剂。
根据本发明的实施方案,乳化剂尤其适合与弹性体系统例如胶基 预先混合,由此得到改善的胶基质地性能。
在本发明的实施方案中,乳化剂的HLB值小于10,优选小于7。
根据本发明的实施方案,乳化剂可以用于软化弹性体系统的目的。另一方面,为了某些目的可以优选相对低的HLB值,尤其当涉及相对弱的胶基配方,例如具有低弹性体系统浓度的胶基时。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述口香糖片10、20、30、40、50包含胶基的量为片的至少10重量%,优选至少15重量%。
根据本发明的实施方案,含量至少为片的10-15重量%的胶基与本发明的一般必需品组合将提供剩余口香糖的期望质地。
在本发明的实施方案中,至少一个口香糖模块(11、21、31、41)具有含量少于5重量%的胶基。
在本发明的实施方案中,至少一个口香糖模块(11、21、31、41)基本不含胶基。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述基本不含胶基的口香糖包含甜味剂作为主要成分。
在本发明优选的实施方案中,至少一个所述模块包含至少50重量%的甜味剂。
在本发明进一步优选的实施方案中,至少一个所述模块包含至少70重量%的甜味剂,优选至少80重量%的甜味剂。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述口香糖模块包含甜味剂作为主要成分来形成口香糖片的包被,其完全或部分包覆所述片。由此得到了传统包衣方法的替代方案,由此促进干包衣。
在本发明的实施方案中,至少两个所述口香糖模块具有不同的弹性。
在本发明的实施方案中,已经得到的多模块口香糖片的特征是,所述片的不同模块的弹性可以显著不同。
在本发明的实施方案中,所有口香糖模块通过压缩生产。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述口香糖模块通过压缩方式聚集。
因此,口香糖模块的聚集尤其有利,因为这种聚集可以使聚集的 结构之间的相互作用最小化。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述口香糖模块具有不同的胶基浓度或胶基组成。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述口香糖模块具有不同的口香糖成分浓度或口香糖成分组成。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述模块是薄片状层。
在本发明的实施方案中,不同口香糖模块包含在所述片中趋向分离的成分。
在本发明的实施方案中,至少两个口香糖模块通过至少一个隔离层分离。
在本发明的实施方案中,至少一个所述基本不含胶基的层的厚度超过所述片的最小宽度至少20(二十)分之一。
在本发明的实施方案中,至少一个所述基本不含胶基的层的厚度超过0.5mm,优选0.7mm。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述模块具有不同形状。
当应用不同形状模块时,其在不同压缩阶段形成可能是有利的。
在本发明的实施方案中,在可压缩口香糖组分的基础上制造所述口香糖模块。
在本发明的实施方案中,在可压缩口香糖组分的基础上制造所述口香糖模块,并且其中将不可压缩组分加入可压缩口香糖组分中。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述口香糖片具有口香糖包衣。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述胶基颗粒的平均直径为0.1mm-2.5mm,更优选为0.5mm-1.6mm。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述口香糖颗粒的平均直径为0.1mm-2.5mm,更优选为0.5mm-1.6mm。
根据本发明的优选实施方案,显著量的口香糖颗粒包含甜味剂例如填充甜味剂,其通常非常适合压缩。
此外,本发明涉及根据权利要求1-30中任一项制成的口香糖片的方法,由此弹性体系统形成胶基颗粒的一部分,并且由此所述胶基颗 粒通过与其它胶基颗粒或口香糖颗粒压缩而聚集。
根据本发明的优选实施方案,所述弹性体应该通过压缩包含弹性体系统的胶基颗粒而被引入片状口香糖中。
在本发明的实施方案中,在压缩其它口香糖模块之前的步骤中压缩口香糖片中最厚的口香糖模块。
根据本发明的实施方案,将最大的口香糖模块在最初压缩步骤制成,这样当随后处理加入其它口香糖层时,使得口香糖模块的处理更简单。
在本发明的实施方案中,通过将模块压缩在另一个模块上来聚集所述口香糖模块。
在本发明的实施方案中,当聚集所述口香糖模块时,压缩至少一个口香糖模块。
在本发明的实施方案中,至少一个口香糖模块包含活性成分,从而避免所述片的口香糖模块之间的物理或化学相互作用。
在本发明的实施方案中,在至少约1℃的温度下进行制片。
根据本发明的实施方案,优选应该将多模块片状口香糖在至少1℃的温度下制成片,这是因为当不能得到可接受的温度时,不同模块之间的互相聚集易于削弱。应该注意到,在冷却时可以非常频繁地制造胶基颗粒。
附图说明
以下将参考附图描述本发明,其中:
图1a-1b示出根据本发明的实施方案的两层压缩片,
图2a-2b示出根据本发明的实施方案的三层压缩片,
图3a-3b示出根据本发明的实施方案的另外的两层压缩片,
图4a-4b示出根据本发明的实施方案的另外的两层压缩片,和
图5a-5b示出根据本发明的实施方案的另外的两层压缩片。
具体实施方式
口香糖片的压缩
通常,通过适当的压缩方式对一定量粉末施加压力来制造口香糖片。下面将披露和解释适当的压缩方式。然后将所述粉末压缩成紧密粘附的片。
所述粉末例如可以包含所谓的初级微粒或聚集的初级微粒,也称为颗粒。当将这些颗粒压缩时,微粒或颗粒之间建立了连结,从而赋予压缩片一定的机械强度。
应该注意到,上述术语:粉末、初级微粒和颗粒可能在某种程度上令人误解,经常是由于使用者的不同背景造成对初级微粒和颗粒之间的差异的不同理解。一些可能例如被认为是甜味剂,例如山梨糖醇,尽管实际上其是初级微粒,但是由于通常山梨糖醇在送到消费者手中之前经过了预处理而被认为是某种颗粒。在本发明的描述中采用的定义是,颗粒指的是包含或多或少的预处理初级微粒的大微粒。然而,应该注意到,这种术语的采用只涉及背景技术的描述并且不强制限定本发明的范围。
当对粉末原材料施加压力时,减少了松体积并且增加了空气的量。在此过程期间消耗能量。由于在体积减少过程中所述微粒彼此接近,因此在微粒或颗粒之间可以建立连结。由于释放能量,连结的形成与系统能量的减少相关。
体积减少是通过各种机制发生的,根据施加的压力和颗粒或微粒的特性可以在微粒或颗粒之间建立不同类型的连结。
在压缩粉末时发生的第一件事是,所述颗粒在低压制压力下重排,形成靠近的堆积结构。具有规则形状的颗粒表现为比具有不规则形状的颗粒更容易重排。当压力升高时,防止进一步重排并且随后通过塑性变形和弹性变形和/或片颗粒的分裂引起体积减少。易碎颗粒很可能分裂,即原来的颗粒破碎成小单元。塑性变形是导致颗粒形状永久改变的不可逆过程,而所述颗粒在弹性变形之后恢复其原始形状。显然,当压缩口香糖片时塑性变形和弹性变形都可以发生。
这几年来已经进行了一些关于压缩片中连结类型的研究,通常是在制药领域,并且提供了在可用粉末基础上得到压缩片的技术。这些研究非常关注于当体积减少时发生什么和如何为了特定目的使最终产物最优化。已经作出一些关于压缩片的改进,例如为了使最终压缩片得到足够的强度同时保持可接受的特性例如释放特性而在片原材料中加入粘合剂。
这几年来,尤其制药工业已经逐步引进了以口香糖作为在口腔中得到有效成分释放的手段。传统上,制药工业在制造口香糖上优选压缩技术。如上所述,涉及压缩技术的问题是,口香糖颗粒的性质与纯药物常规的片剂粉末的性质非常不同。此外,甚至更明显的问题是,所要求的质地基本上与易于在使用者口中完全溶解的片剂质地完全不同。因此,由于用此技术得到的口香糖的基础质地特性,因而这种压缩技术已经被认为是差的技术。
然而,在过去几年内,所述技术已经迅速得到改进,尤其是关于易于压缩的胶基颗粒的开发。在PCT/DK02/00461和PCT/DK02/00462中描述了这种胶基颗粒的实例,通过引用并入本文。
根据本发明现在已经认识到,包含多个粘附的口香糖模块的多模块口香糖实际上可以形成具有超过可接受质地的口香糖单片,包括最初咀嚼,不考虑不同模块具有非常不同的关于塑性和弹性特性的事实。因此,即使期望例如包含甜味剂例如山梨糖醇的口香糖模块作为所述模块的单独或主要组分,在最初咀嚼期间所述模块或多或少将分裂,已经得到了引人注目的结果。
此外,再次不考虑不同模块具有非常不同的关于塑性和弹性特性的事实,还认识到包含两种不同模块的压缩口香糖事实上可以通过压缩制成。因此,即使应该期望例如包含胶基的弹性模块将影响其它表现出非常小弹性的层的压缩,但是现在已经实现的是,最终口香糖片事实上可以在一个压缩过程中和在一个或几个压缩步骤中制成。
所述包含根据本发明的口香糖模块的胶基通常可以在压缩胶基颗粒的基础上制成。
所述胶基颗粒在胶基的基础上制成。如本文所用“胶基”通常指口香糖的不溶于水的部分,其通常构成总口香糖配方的10-90重量%,包含15-50重量%。口香糖胶基配方通常包含可以是合成或天然来源的一种或多种弹性体化合物、合成或天然来源的一种或多种树脂质化合物填料、软化剂和少量混杂成分例如抗氧化剂和着色剂等。
与以下限定的口香糖成分混合的口香糖胶基配方的组成可以基本上根据待制备的颗粒状产物和最终产物期望的咀嚼和其它感官特征而改变。然而,上述胶基成分的典型范围(wt%)为:5-50wt%的弹性体化合物、5-55wt%的弹性体增塑剂、0-50wt%的填料/组织形成剂、5-35wt%的软化剂和0-1wt%的混杂成分例如抗氧化剂和着色剂等。
根据传统方法或例如在通过引用并入本文的PCT/DK02/00461和PCT/DK02/00462中描述的方法可以制造胶基颗粒。
口香糖成分
在本说明书中,口香糖成分包括填充型甜味剂、高甜度甜味剂、香料、软化剂、乳化剂、色素、粘合剂、酸化剂、填料、抗氧化剂和其它成分,如药物或生物活性物质,其赋予最终口香糖产品以期望的性质。
下面列出了适合的甜味剂的实例。
合适的填充型甜味剂包括例如糖类和非糖类成分。填充型甜味剂通常构成口香糖的约5-约95重量%,更一般地为约20-约80重量%,如30-60重量%。
有用的糖类甜味剂为口香糖领域普遍公知的含糖化合物组分,包括但不限于蔗糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖、糊精、海藻糖、D-塔格糖、干燥的转化糖、果糖、左旋糖、半乳糖、玉米糖浆固体等,单独或组合使用。
山梨糖醇可用作非糖类甜味剂。其它有用的非糖甜味剂包括,但不限于其它糖醇,如甘露醇、木糖醇、氢化淀粉水解物、麦芽糖醇、异麦芽酚、赤藻糖醇、乳糖醇等,单独或组合使用。
高甜度人造甜味剂也可单独使用或与上述甜味剂组合使用。优选的高甜度甜味剂包括但不限于,三氯蔗糖(sucralose)、阿斯巴甜、双甜 (Twinsweet)、环己氨基磺酸及其盐、阿力甜、糖精及其盐、纽甜(neotam)、环拉酸及其盐、甘草甜素、二氢查耳酮、索马甜(thaumatin)、莫内林、甜菊苷等,单独或组合使用。为了提供更长效的甜味和香味感觉,可能需要用包被或其它方法来控制至少一部分人造甜味剂的释放。同样地,包被可用于稳定成分的目的。可用来得到期望释放特性的技术包括湿法造粒、蜡造粒、喷雾干燥、喷雾冷冻、流化床包衣、凝聚、酵母泡腔包被和纤维挤出。也可例如使用其它口香糖组分例如树脂质化合物作为包被剂来提供甜味剂的包被。
人造甜味剂用量的变化显著依赖于诸如甜味剂的效力、释放速度、产品的期望甜度、所用香料量和类型以及成本考虑等因素。因此,人造甜味剂的有效用量可在约0.01重量%-约8重量%之间变化。当包括用来包被的载体时,被包被的甜味剂的用量比例会更高。根据本发明,可在口香糖配方中组合使用糖类和/或非糖类甜味剂。另外,软化剂也会提供额外的甜度,如糖或多羟糖醇水溶液。
如果想得到低热量的口香糖,可以采用低热量的添加剂。低热量添加剂的实例包括:聚葡萄糖、Raftilose(低聚果糖)、Raftilin(菊粉)、Inuline、寡聚果糖()、低聚帕拉金糖、水解瓜尔胶(如Sun )或不可消化的糊精(如)。然而,也可使用其它低热量添加剂。
可以包括在本方法所加工的口香糖混合物中的其它口香糖添加剂包括表面活性剂和/或增溶剂,特别是当药物、化妆品或生物活性物质存在时。根据本发明,口香糖组合物中用作增溶剂的表面活性剂类型的例子可参考H.P.Fiedler,Lexikon der Hilfstoffe für Pharmacie,Kosmetikund Angrenzende Gebiete,63-64页(1981)和各国批准的食品用乳化剂名单。可使用阴离子、阳离子、两性或非离子增溶剂。合适的增溶剂包括卵磷脂、聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯、聚氧乙烯山梨聚糖脂肪酸酯、脂肪酸盐、食用脂肪酸单和二甘油酯的单和二乙酰基酒石酸酯、食用脂肪酸单和二甘油酯的柠檬酸酯、脂肪酸蔗糖酯、脂肪酸聚甘油酯、内酯化蓖麻油酸的聚甘油酯(E476)、硬脂酰基乳酰乳酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠和山梨聚糖 脂肪酸酯与聚氧乙烯化氢化蓖麻油(例如以商品名CREMOPHOR销售的产品)、氧化乙烯与氧化丙烯的嵌段共聚物(例如以商品名PLURONIC和POLOXAMER销售的产品)、聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚、聚氧乙烯山梨聚糖脂肪酸酯、脂肪酸山梨聚糖酯和聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯。
特别适用的增溶剂为聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯,例如聚氧乙烯(8)硬脂酸酯和聚氧乙烯(40)硬脂酸酯;以商品名TWEEN销售的聚氧乙烯山梨聚糖脂肪酸酯,例如TWEEN20(单月桂酸酯)、TWEEN80(单油酸酯)、TWEEN40(单棕榈酸酯)、TWEEN60(单硬脂酸酯)或TWEEN65(三硬脂酸酯);食用脂肪酸单和二甘油酯的单和二乙酰基酒石酸酯、食用脂肪酸单和二甘油酯的柠檬酸酯;硬脂酰基乳酰乳酸钠;十二烷基硫酸钠;聚氧乙烯化氢化蓖麻油;氧化乙烯和氧化丙烯的嵌段共聚物与聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚。所述增溶剂可为单一化合物或几种化合物的组合。本文中表述的“增溶剂”用来描述两种可能性,所用增溶剂必须适用于食品和/或药品中。
在活性成分存在下,所述口香糖还可以优选包含本领域已知的载体。
本方法的一个显著优点是,整个操作过程中的温度可以保持在相对低的水平。因此,在本发明的实施方案中,在至少约1℃的温度下进行制片。多模块片状口香糖应该优选在至少1℃的温度下成片,因为当得不到可接受的方法时,不同模块之间的相互聚集易于弱化。
这是关于保存加入的风味组分的香味的优点,所述香味在较高温度下易于退化和/蒸发。通过本方法生产的口香糖中有用的香味剂和增味剂是例如天然和合成香料(包含天然香料),其形式为冻干天然植物组分、香精油、香精、提取物、粉末、包含酸和能够影响口味特色的其它物质。液体和粉末香料的实例包含椰子、咖啡、巧克力、香草、葡萄柚、柑桔、酸橙、薄荷醇、甘草、焦糖味、蜂蜜味、花生、胡桃、腰果、核桃、杏仁、菠萝、草莓、覆盆子、热带水果、樱桃、桂皮、薄荷油、冬青、留兰香、桉树和薄荷、果香香精例如来自苹果、梨、桃、草莓、杏、覆盆子、樱桃、菠萝和李子香精。所述香精油包含薄 荷油、留兰香、薄荷醇、桉树、丁香油、月桂油、大茴香、百里香、雪松叶油、肉豆蔻和上述水果的油。
在一个优选实施方案中,香料为一种或多种冻干的天然香味剂,优选形态为粉末、薄片或碎片或其组合。该香味剂粒子尺寸可小于3mm,如小于2mm,更优选为小于1mm,以粒子的最长尺寸来计算。天然香料的形态也可为粒子尺寸从约3μm至2mm,例如从4μm至1mm。优选的天然香料包括来自例如,草莓、黑莓和覆盆子的水果种子。
根据本发明也可使用如混合水果香味的各种合成香料。如上所指出,香味剂的用量小于传统用量。香味剂和/或香料用量为最终产品重量的约0.01-约30%,这取决于期望的香味强度和/或所采用的香料。优选地,香味剂/香料的含量范围为总组合物重量的0.2-3%。
根据本发明,可在压缩前将包被的香料或活性成分添加到最终共混物中。
包被香料或活性成分的不同方法可包括如喷雾干燥、喷雾冷冻、薄膜包被、凝聚、双乳液法(挤出技术)或造粒,其中的香料或活性成分指混入胶基的香料或活性成分,以及压缩到口香糖中的香料或活性成分。
用于上述包被方法的材料可包括,例如明胶、小麦蛋白、大豆蛋白、酪蛋白酸钠、酪蛋白、阿拉伯胶、改性淀粉、水解淀粉(麦芽糊精)、藻酸盐、果胶、角叉菜胶、黄原胶、槐豆胶、壳聚糖、蜂蜡、小烛树腊、棕榈蜡、氢化植物油、玉米蛋白和/或蔗糖。
可将活性成分添加到口香糖中。优选地,在任何重要的加热或混合过程之后加入该活性成分。换言之,优选就在压缩成最终片剂之前立即将活性成分加入。
参照所述方法,在最终压缩成片前,加入的活性成分可以小心地和预先混合好的胶基颗粒以及其它所需添加剂立即共混。
下面列出适合的活性成分的实例。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,口香糖包含药学、化妆品或生物学上的活性物质。这类活性物质实例的综合列表可在WO00/25598中查到,其通过引用并入本文,包括药品、食品添加物、防腐剂、pH-调节剂、戒 烟剂,以及护理或治疗口腔和牙齿的物质,如过氧化氢和能够在咀嚼过程中释放尿素的化合物。防腐剂形式的有用活性物质的实例包括胍和双胍的盐及衍生物(例如,乙酸氯己定),以及具有有限水溶性的下述类型的物质:季铵化合物(如神经酰胺(ceramine)、氯二甲酚、结晶紫、氯胺)、醛(如多聚甲醛)、特快灵(dequaline)衍生物、polynoxyline、酚类(如麝香草酚、p-氯酚和甲酚)、六氯酚、水杨酸苯胺化合物、三氯生、卤素类(碘、碘消灵、氯胺、二氯氰尿酸盐)、醇类(3,4-二氯苯甲醇、苯甲醇、苯氧乙醇、苯乙醇),还参见Martindale,The ExtraPharmacopoeia,28th edition,page547-578;可以包括具有有限水溶性的金属盐、配位化合物和化合物,如铝盐(例如硫酸铝钾AIK(SO4)2,12H2O)和下列物质的盐、配位化合物和化合物:硼、钡、锶、铁、钙、锌、(乙酸锌、氯化锌、葡萄糖酸锌)、铜(氯化铜、硫酸铜)、铅、银、镁、钠、钾、锂、钼、钒;护理口腔和牙齿的其它组分,例如含氟(如氟化钠、单氟磷酸钠、氨基氟化物、氟化锡)、磷酸盐、碳酸盐和硒的盐、配位化合物和化合物。其它活性物质可以在J.Dent.Res.Vol.28No.2,page160-171,1949中查到。
调节口腔中pH的试剂形式的活性物质的实例包含:酸,例如己二酸、丁二酸、延胡索酸或其盐,或柠檬酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、乙酸、乳酸、磷酸和戊二酸的盐,和可接受的碱,例如碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、磷酸盐、硫酸盐或钠、钾、铵、镁或钙的氧化物,尤其是镁和钙的氧化物。
活性成分可以包含下面的化合物或其衍生物,但不限于此:对乙酰氨基酚、乙酰水杨酸、丁丙诺啡、溴己新、塞来昔布、可待因、苯海拉明、双氯芬酸、依托昔布、布洛芬、吲哚美辛、酮洛芬、氯美昔布、吗啡、奈普生、美沙酮、帕瑞昔布、吡罗昔康、伪麻黄碱、罗非昔布、替诺昔康、曲马多、戊地昔布、碳酸钙、氢氧化镁铝、二硫化四乙基萩兰姆、安非他酮、尼古丁、阿奇雷素、克拉霉素、克雷唑、红霉素、四环素、格拉司琼、恩丹西酮、异丙嗪(Prometazin)、托烷司琼、溴苯那 敏、西替利嗪(Ceterizin)、左西替利嗪(Leco-Ceterizin)、氯环嗪、扑尔敏、多西拉敏、非诺非那定(Fenofenadin)、愈创甘油醚、、氯雷他定(Loratidin)、右氯雷他定(des-Loratidin)、苯托沙敏、嘧啶、特非那定、羟乙芦丁、甲基多巴、哌醋甲酯、苯扎氯铵、苄索氯铵、西吡氯铵、氯乙定、依卡倍特钠、氟哌啶醇、别嘌醇、秋冰仙碱(Colchinine)、茶碱、普萘洛尔、强的松龙、强的松、氟化物、脲、咪康唑、爱妥糖(Actot)、格列本脲、格列吡嗪、甲福明、米格列醇、瑞格列奈(Repaglinide)、罗格列酮、阿朴吗啡、西力士(Cialis)、西地那非、瓦地那非、地芬诺酯、二甲硅油、西咪替丁、法莫替丁、雷尼替丁、阿司匹林、苯佐卡因、右甲吗喃、麻黄碱、苯丙醇胺、伪麻黄碱、西沙比利、多潘立酮、甲氧氯普胺、无环鸟苷(Acyclovir)、二辛基硫琥珀酸、酚酞、阿莫曲坦、依来曲普坦、麦角胺、托芬那酸(Migea)、那拉曲坦、雷扎曲坦、舒马曲坦Sumatriptan、佐米曲坦、铝盐、钙盐、亚铁盐、银盐、锌盐、两性霉素B、氯己定、咪康唑、曲安奈德、褪黑激素、苯巴比妥、咖啡因、苯二氮平、羟嗪、甲丙氨酯、吩噻嗪、布克利嗪、布洛他嗪、桂利嗪、赛克利嗪、茶苯海明、丁咯地尔、安非他明、咖啡因、麻黄碱、奥利司他、苯福林、苯丙醇胺、伪麻黄碱、西布曲明、酮康唑、硝酸甘油、制霉菌素、黄体酮、睾酮、维生素B12、维生素C、维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、毛果芸香碱、甘羟铝、西咪替丁、埃索美拉唑、法莫替丁、兰索拉唑、氧化镁、尼扎替丁和雷替尼丁。
本发明适合增加或加速活化剂的释放,所述活化剂从下列组中选择:食用添加剂、口腔和牙齿组合物、防腐剂、pH调节剂、戒烟剂、甜味剂、调味品、香味剂或药品。其中一些将在下面描述。
与本发明联用的活性剂可以是需要从口香糖中释放的任意物质。需要控制和/或加快释放速度的活性剂主要是具有有限水溶性的物质,其水溶性通常低于10g/100ml,包括完全不溶于水的物质。实例有药物、食用添加剂、口腔组合物、戒烟剂、高效甜味剂、pH-调节剂、香料等。
其它的活性成分有,例如,扑热息痛、苯佐卡因、桂利嗪、薄荷醇、香芹酮、咖啡因、乙酸氯己定、盐酸赛克利嗪、1,8-桉油醇、南诺龙、咪康唑、Mystatine、阿斯巴甜、氟化钠、尼古丁、糖精、西吡氯胺、其它季铵化合物、维生素E、维生素A、维生素D、格列苯脲或其衍生物、黄体酮、乙酰水杨酸、茶苯海明、赛克利嗪、甲硝唑、碳酸氢钠、银杏的活性组分、蜂胶的活性组分、人参的活性组分、美沙酮、薄荷油、水杨酰胺、氢化可的松或阿斯咪唑。
例如,食用添加物形式的活性成分是具有营养作用的下列盐和化合物:维生素B2(核黄素)、B12、叶酸、烟酸、生物素、水溶性差的甘油磷酸酯、氨基酸、维生素A、D、E和K、含钙、磷、镁、铁、锌、铜、碘、锰、铬、硒、钼、钾、钠或钴的盐、配位化合物和化合物形式的矿物质。
另外,还可参考不同国家权威人士所接受的营养品列表,例如美国联邦法规实施细则(US code of Federal Regulations),Title21,Section182.5013.1825997和182.8013-182.8997。
用于护理或治疗口腔和牙齿的化合物形式的活性剂的实例有束缚态(bound)过氧化氢和能够在咀嚼过程中释放尿素的化合物。
防腐剂形式的活性剂的实例有胍和双胍的盐与化合物(例如乙酸氯乙定),以及下述类型的具有有限水溶性的物质:季铵化合物(例如神经酰胺(ceramine)、氯二甲酚、结晶紫、氯胺)、醛(如多聚甲醛)、特快灵(dequaline)衍生物、polynoxyline、酚类(如麝香草酚、p-氯酚和甲酚)、六氯酚、水杨酸苯胺化合物、三氯生、卤素类(碘、碘消灵、氯胺、二氯氰尿酸盐)、醇类(3,4-二氯苯甲醇、苯甲醇、苯氧乙醇、苯乙醇),还参见Martindale,The Extra Pharmacopoeia,28th edition,page
547-578;可以包括具有有限水溶性的金属盐、配位化合物和化合物,如铝盐(例如硫酸铝钾AlK(SO4)2,12H2O)和下列物质的盐、复合物与化合物:硼、钡、锶、铁、钙、锌、(乙酸锌、氯化锌、葡萄糖酸锌)、铜(氯化铜、硫酸铜)、铅、银、镁、钠、钾、锂、钼、钒;护理口腔和牙齿的 其它组分,例如含氟(如氟化钠、单氟磷酸钠、氨基氟化物、氟化锡)、磷酸盐、碳酸盐和硒的盐、配位化合物和化合物。
还参见J.Dent.Res.Vol.28No.2,Page160-171,1949,其中提到了许多受试化合物。
调节口腔中pH的试剂形式的活性剂的例子包括:如:可接受的酸,如己二酸、琥珀酸、延胡索酸或其盐,或柠檬酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、乙酸、乳酸、磷酸和戊二酸的盐;与可接受的碱,如碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、磷酸盐、硫酸盐或钠、钾、铵、镁或钙的氧化物,尤其是镁和钙的氧化物。
戒烟剂形式的活性剂的例子包括:如:尼古丁、烟草粉末或银盐,例如乙酸银、碳酸银和硝酸银。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,蔗糖脂肪酸酯也可以用于增加甜味剂的释放,所述甜味剂如糖精、环已氨基磺酸盐、阿斯巴甜、索马甜、二氢查耳酮、甜菊苷、甘草甜素或其盐或化合物。对于增加甜味剂的释放来说,蔗糖脂肪酸酯优选具有至少40%,如50%的棕榈酸酯含量。
活性剂的其它实例是任意类型的药物。
药物形式的活性剂的例子包括咖啡因、水杨酸、水杨酰胺和相关物质(乙酰水杨酸、水杨酸胆碱、水杨酸镁、水杨酸钠)、扑热息痛、戊唑辛盐(盐酸戊唑辛和乙酸戊唑辛)、盐酸似普罗啡、盐酸可待因和磷酸可待因、吗啡和吗啡盐(盐酸盐、硫酸盐和酒石酸盐)、盐酸美沙酮、酚派丙酮与酚派丙酮的盐(盐酸盐)、β阻断剂(普萘洛尔)、钙拮抗剂、盐酸维拉帕米、硝苯地平,以及Pharm.Int.,Nov.85,pages267-271,Barney H.Hunter and Robert L.Talbert中提到的物质及其盐,硝酸甘油、丁四硝酯、马钱子碱及其盐、利多卡因、盐酸丁卡因、盐酸埃托啡、阿托品、胰岛素、酶(例如木瓜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、淀粉葡萄糖苷酶、葡萄糖氧化酶、链激酶、链道酶、葡聚糖酶、α-淀粉酶)、多肽(催产素、促性腺激素释放因子(LH.RH)、乙酸去氨加压素(DDAVP)、盐酸异克舒令、麦角胺化合物、氯喹(磷酸盐、硫酸盐)、异山梨酯、去氨缩宫素、肝素。
其它活性成分包含β-羽扇醇、、Sildenafil柠檬酸酯及其衍生物。
牙科产品包括尿素、CPP酪蛋白磷酸肽;氯己定;乙酸氯己定;盐酸氯己定、葡萄糖酸氯己定;Hexetedine、氯化锶、氯化钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠、含氟成分、氟化物、氟化钠、氟化铝。
氟化铵、氟化钙、氟化锡、其它含氟成分氟硅酸铵、氟硅酸钾、氟硅酸钠、单氟磷酸铵、单氟磷酸钙、单氟磷酸钾、单氟磷酸钠、油烯基(octadecentyl)氟化铵、硬脂基三羟乙基丙烯二胺二羟基氟化物。
维生素,包括A、B1、B2、B6、B12、叶酸、烟酸、Pantothensyre、生物素、C、D、E、K,矿物质,包括钙、磷、镁、铁、锌、铜、碘、锰、Crom、硒、钼。其它的活性成分包括:、酶、天然药物,包括银杏、姜和鱼油。本发明还涉及使用抗偏头痛药物,如诸如舒马曲坦、佐米曲普坦、那拉曲坦、利扎曲普坦、依来曲普坦的5-羟色胺拮抗剂;抗晕动药物,如赛克利嗪、桂利嗪、茶苯海明、苯海拉明;抗花粉热药物,如西替利嗪(Ceterizin)、氯雷他定(Loratidin);疼痛缓解药物,如似普罗啡、曲马多;抗口腔疾病药物,如米康唑、两性霉素B、Triamcinolonaceton;和药物Cisapid、多潘立酮、甲氧氯普胺。
上述的活性成分和/或香料可以预混在胶基中或淡然可以加入引入非-或低CG层。
当胶基颗粒包含预混的活性成分时,活性成分的控释可以借助至少双活性成分缓冲剂获得,第一缓冲剂包含在压缩之前直接共混到最终混合物中的活性成分,第二缓冲剂包含在将胶基和胶基添加剂共混之前共混到胶基中的活性成分。
根据本发明,口香糖组分包括约0-约75重量%的、包被在口香糖芯上的外包衣。在本说明书中,适当的外包衣是相对于未包被的同样组分口香糖来说能够延长以上限定的压缩口香糖产品的存储稳定性的任意包衣。因此,适当的包衣类型包括目前用于包被口香糖、药品和糖果的 任意组分硬包衣、膜包衣和软包衣。
根据本发明的一个优选实施方案,将膜包衣应用在压缩的口香糖片上。
一个目前优选的外包衣类型是硬包衣,其术语使用其常规含义,包括糖包衣和无糖包衣及其组合。硬包衣的目的是获得甜而易碎的层,其为消费者所欣赏,并出于各种原因保护口香糖芯。在为口香糖芯提供保护性糖包衣的典型过程中,在具有可结晶糖如蔗糖或葡萄糖的水溶液的适当包覆设备中对芯进行连续处理,依赖于所达到的包覆阶段,可以包含其它的功能成分,例如填料、色素等。在本说明书中,糖包衣可以包含其它的功能性或活性化合物,包括香料化合物、药学上的活性化合物和/或聚合物降解物质。
在口香糖的生产中,优选将包衣中的生龋的糖化合物替换成其它可结晶的、不具有生龋效应的甜味化合物。在本领域中,这类包衣通常指无糖包衣。目前优选的非生龋性硬包衣物质包括多元醇,如山梨醇、麦芽糖醇、甘露醇、木糖醇、赤藻糖醇、乳糖醇、异麦芽酚、塔格糖,其通过工业方法分别将D-葡萄糖、麦芽糖、果糖、木糖、赤藻糖、乳糖、异麦芽酮糖和D-半乳糖氢化而获得。
在典型的硬包衣加工过程中,如下文将详细描述的,将包含可结晶糖和/或多元醇的糖浆涂到胶芯上,通过吹暖而干燥的空气将其中所含的水分蒸发。该循环可以重复数次,典型为10~80次,以达到所需的膨胀。术语“膨胀,,指在包衣操作结束时和开始时相比产品重量的增加,和包覆产品的终重量相关。根据本发明,包衣层占最终口香糖组分的约0至约75重量%,如约10至约60重量%,包括约15至50重量%。
在本发明的另一个有用实施方案中,口香糖组分的外包衣是经历膜包衣加工过程的组分,因此包含一种或多种成膜聚合物试剂和任选的一种或多种辅助化合物,例如增塑剂、颜料和遮光剂。膜包衣是包被在任意上述形式的口香糖芯上的一层薄的聚合物基包衣。这种包衣的厚度通常为20-100μm。一般来说,使口香糖芯通过喷涂区而获得膜包衣,所述 喷涂区具有溶于适当液体或有机溶媒中的包衣材料的雾化滴,随后将附着在芯上的材料干燥,再接受另一部分的包衣。重复该循环,直至完成包被。
在本说明书中,适当的成膜聚合物包括食用纤维素衍生物,例如纤维素醚,包括甲基纤维素(MC)、羟乙基纤维素(HEC)、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)和羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)。其它有用的成膜试剂是丙烯酸聚合物和共聚物,如甲基丙烯酸酯-氨基酯共聚物或纤维素衍生物与丙烯酸聚合物的混合物。一类特别的成膜聚合物,还称为功能性聚合物,是除了具有成膜特性之外,还赋予口香糖配方中的活性成分以不同释放性能的聚合物。该释放改进聚合物包括甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物、乙基纤维素(EC)和设计用来对抗酸性胃环境使易溶于十二指肠的肠溶性聚合物。后者的聚合物包括:邻苯二甲酸纤维素乙酸酯(CAP)、邻苯二甲酸聚乙酸乙烯酯(PVAP)、虫胶、甲基丙烯酸共聚物、偏苯三酸纤维素乙酸酯(CAT)和HPMC。应该理解根据本发明的外膜包衣可以含有上述成膜聚合物的任意组合。
在其它实施方案中,根据本发明的口香糖组分的膜包衣层包含能改变聚合物的物理性质、使其更有效作为成膜材料行使功能的增塑剂。通常,由于增塑剂分子进入各个聚合物链之间,阻断聚合物-聚合物相互作用,增塑剂的作用是使聚合物更软更韧。用于膜包衣的增塑剂大部分为无定形的或具有极低结晶度。在本说明书中,适合的增塑剂包括如:丙三醇、丙二醇、聚乙二醇,例如其200-6000的级分、有机酯,如磷酸酯、癸二酸二丁酯、柠檬酸酯、和thiacetin,油/甘油酯包括蓖麻油、乙酰单甘油酯和分级椰油。
用于本发明口香糖组分的膜包衣的成膜聚合物和增塑剂的选择应考虑透过膜的水分和气体的溶解和扩散,以获得最佳可能的包衣隔离性质。
口香糖组分的膜包衣还可以含有一种或多种着色剂或遮光剂。除了提供期望的色调之外,这些试剂还可以保护该压缩口香糖不进 行咀嚼前反应,特别是通过形成隔离层来隔绝水分和气体。合适的着色剂/遮光剂包括有机染料和其色淀颜料、无机染料,例如二氧化钛和天然颜料,如β-胡罗卜素。
此外,膜包衣可以含有一种或多种辅助物质,如香料和蜡或糖类化合物如聚葡萄糖、糊精包括麦芽糊精、乳糖、改性淀粉、蛋白质如明胶或玉米蛋白、植物胶以及其任意组合。
膜或硬包衣的优点是它是透明的,并且因此根据本发明的多层片的层是可见的,从而使所述片看起来吸引人和令人动心。
本发明还有一个方面是口香糖组分的外包衣可含有一种或多种药用或化妆品用成分,包括在上文中所提及的成分。
因此,在其它实施方案中,上述本发明的带有硬包衣或膜包衣的口香糖组分为这样一种组分,其中外包衣包括选自粘合剂、吸湿成分、成膜剂、分散剂、防粘剂成分、填料、香味剂、着色剂、药用或化妆品用活性成分、脂类成分、蜡成分、糖和酸的至少一种添加剂成分。如果希望直到咀嚼口香糖时外包衣中的任意此种添加剂成分的效果才显现,那么根据本发明该成分可以采用任意传统包覆剂进行包覆,例如,蛋白质包括明胶和大豆蛋白、纤维素衍生物包括任意的上述纤维素衍生物、淀粉衍生物、食用合成聚合物和脂类物质,后者任选是脂质体包覆形式。
在本发明的其它实施方案中,口香糖组分具有本领域通常所述形式的外包衣,即软包衣。这种软包衣采用传统方法应用并且可以有利地包含糖或任意上述非生龋齿性无糖甜味化合物和淀粉水解物的混合物。
再次应该注意的是上述包衣为可选的,或可以推迟到其适合制造工艺的最终部分,这是由于该应用的隔离层还起到阻止环境中水分进入片剂的全部或至少部分屏障的作用。
通常对于适用在本发明范围内的胶基配方来说,有用的合成弹性体包括,但不限于,列于食品与药品管理局,CFR,Title21,Section172,615,the Masticatory Substances,Synthetic中的合成弹性体,如聚异丁烯,例 如气相压力色谱(GPC)平均分子量为约10,000-约1,000,000,包括50,000-80,000的聚异丁烯;异丁烯-异戊二烯共聚物(丁基弹性体);苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物,例如具有苯乙烯-丁二烯比例为约1:3-3:1;聚乙酸乙烯酯(PVA),例如GPC平均分子量范围为约2,000-约90,000,如3,000-80,000,包括30,000-50,000的聚乙酸乙烯酯,其中高分子量的聚乙酸乙烯酯通常用于泡泡糖胶基中;聚异戊二烯、聚乙烯、乙酸乙烯酯-月桂酸乙烯酯共聚物,例如月桂酸乙烯酯含量为共聚物重量的约5-约50%,如10-45%的共聚物,及其组合。
工业上,通常在胶基中混合高分子量和低分子量合成弹性体。目前优选的合成弹性体组合包括但不限于:聚异丁烯和苯乙烯-丁二烯;聚异丁烯和聚异戊二烯;聚异丁烯和异丁烯-异戊二烯共聚物(丁基橡胶);和聚异丁烯、苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物和异丁烯-异戊二烯共聚物的组合;上述各合成聚合物分别与聚乙酸乙烯酯、乙酸乙烯酯-月桂酸乙烯酯共聚物的组合,及其混合物。
能够有利地应用到根据本发明工艺中的特别令人感兴趣的弹性体或树脂聚合物包括与目前所用的弹性体和树脂不同的聚合物,其能够使得用过的口香糖在环境中物理、化学或酶法降解,从而比基于非降解聚合物的口香糖产生更少的环境污染,因为用过的可降解口香糖残渣将最终分解和/或可通过物理或化学手段从其被丢弃的位置轻易地清除。
根据本发明,此处所用的口香糖胶基组分可以包括一种或多种有助于获得所需咀嚼性质并用作胶基组分中弹性体增塑剂的树脂化合物。在本说明书中,有用的弹性体增塑剂包括,但不限于天然松香树脂,通常称为脂胶,包括例如部分氢化的松香甘油酯、聚合松香甘油酯、部分二聚化的松香甘油酯、塔罗油松香甘油酯、部分氢化的松香季戊四醇酯、松香甲酯、部分氢化的松香甲酯或松香季戊四醇酯。其它有用的树脂化合物包括合成树脂,如衍生自α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、和/或d-苎烯的萜烯树脂,以及天然萜烯树脂;以及上述树脂的任意适当组合。弹性体增塑剂的选择将随特定应用和所用聚合物类型而变化。
如有必要,口香糖胶基配方可包括一种或多种填料/组织形成剂,例如包括碳酸镁和碳酸钙、硫酸钠、重质碳酸钙、硅酸盐化合物如硅酸镁和硅酸铝、高岭土和粘土、氧化铝、二氧化硅、滑石、氧化钛、磷酸钙、磷酸二钙和磷酸三钙、纤维素聚合物如木材,以及其组合物。
填料/组织形成剂还可包括天然有机纤维如水果植物纤维、谷类、稻米、纤维素及其组合。
根据本发明,胶基配方包括一种或多种软化剂,例如蔗糖聚酯,包括WO00/25598所公开的蔗糖聚酯,通过引用并入本文;牛脂;氢化脂肪,包括动物脂;氢化或部分氢化植物油、可可油、单硬脂酸甘油酯、三乙酸甘油酯、卵磷脂、甘油一、二和三酸酯、乙酰化甘油单酯、脂肪酸(例如硬脂酸、棕榈酸、油酸和亚油酸),以及其组合。此处所用术语“软化剂”指软化胶基和口香糖配方并且包含蜡、脂肪、油、乳化剂、表面活性剂和增溶剂的成分。
为了进一步软化胶基,并使其具有结合水的性质,使胶基具有令人愉悦的平滑表面并降低其粘附性质,通常在组合物中加入一种或多种乳化剂,典型用量为胶基的0-18重量%,优选为0-12重量%。可加入口香糖胶基的常用乳化剂的实例有食用脂肪酸的甘油单酯和二酯、食用脂肪酸甘油单酯和二酯的乳酸酯和乙酸酯、乙酰化甘油单酯和二酯、食用脂肪酸的糖酯、硬脂酸Na、K、Mg和Ca、卵磷脂、羟基化卵磷脂等。存在以下所限定的生物或药物活性物质时,配方可包含某些特定的乳化剂和/或增溶剂,以增强活性成分的分散和释放。
制备口香糖胶基时,通常使用蜡和脂肪来调节稠度并软化口香糖胶基。本发明中,可使用任意常用和适用类型的蜡和脂肪,例如米糠蜡、聚乙烯蜡、石油蜡(精制石蜡和微晶蜡)、石蜡、蜂蜡、棕榈蜡、小烛树腊、可可油、脱脂可可粉和任何合适的油或脂肪,例如完全或部分氢化的植物油或完全或部分氢化的动物脂肪。
此外,根据本发明,胶基配方可以包括色素和增白剂,如FD&C-型染料和色淀颜料、水果和植物提取物、二氧化钛及其组合。其它有用 的口香糖组分包括抗氧化剂,例如丁基化羟基甲苯(BHT)、丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)、丙基没食子酸和维生素E,以及防腐剂。
图1a描述根据本发明并在图1b中描述的压缩多模块口香糖片的横截面。
所描述的口香糖片10包含两个口香糖模块11和12。
根据描述的实施方案,各个模块简单地包含在层中。在本实施方案中所述多-模块片可以看作两层口香糖片10。
所描述的口香糖片10例如可以重约1.5克并且包含非-GB口香糖模块11和含GB模块12。在本文中胶基称作“GB”。
所描述的非-GB口香糖模块11重约0.2克,含胶基模块12重约1.3克。
所描述片的大概直径为16mm,中心最厚点的厚度为约7mm。
口香糖模块12,在此形成承载所述口香糖部分的胶基,所述胶基包含:
16%预混物(包含12%薄荷醇和88%胶基),
57.4%山梨糖醇粉末,
1%微珠,
0.15%阿斯巴甜,
0.15%安赛蜜,
1.3%薄荷油粉末和
24%胶基。
所述胶基可以例如包含:
弹性体:19重量%
天然树脂:20重量%
合成树脂:20重量%
脂肪/填料:26重量%
蜡:15重量%
口香糖模块11包含:
85%山梨糖醇
3%薄荷醇粉末
2%桉树粉末
10%甘草。
两个模块11和12彼此粘合。不同目的可以使用不同方法。然而,根据本发明的优选实施方案,通过将一个模块11压缩到另一个模块12上来得到两层之间的相互粘合。
根据本发明的实施方案,所描述的口香糖片10可以具有包衣,例如膜包衣。
应该注意到,在本发明的范围内不同模块(在此:层)中可以使用各种浓度的胶基。此外,应该注意到,根据本发明的优选实施方案,引入非GB的口香糖层应该基本上不含任何胶基,即如上所述。
引入非GB(或低GB份额)的模块可以例如包含可压缩的口香糖成分,例如甜味剂和香料,或多或少促进真正压缩的预处理。如果引入非-或低GB的层必须包含不可压缩的成分,例如可以引入可压缩材料或通过已知技术加工。
在此强调的其它任选成分可以例如包含药用成分。
在其它应用中,例如为了建立不同的释放曲线,不同模块可以包含不同量(即浓度)的胶基。
所述片可以另外包含(未显示)一个或几个阻挡层,适于在互相反应的成分某些酸和香料之间建立阻挡层。
图2a描述了根据本发明并在图2b中描述的压缩多模块口香糖片的横截面。
所描述的实施方案20包含三个口香糖模块,其中最下层23包含引入具有一定胶基浓度的口香糖模块的胶基,中间层22包含引入与模块23中胶基浓度不同的口香糖模块的胶基,最后的模块21包含基本上不含胶基的口香糖模块。
引入非GB的口香糖模块23可以例如包含压缩口香糖成分,例如甜味剂、香料、冻干水果、脂肪等或如图1a中描述的层11。
两个含GB模块22和23可以例如包含不同浓度的胶基,例如为了提供变化,尤其提供后释放,而模块21主要确定咀嚼时片的最初释放。
图3a示出根据本发明并在图3b中描述的压缩多模块口香糖片的横截面。
所描述的口香糖片30包含引入口香糖模块32的胶基,口香糖模块32上放置引入非GB的口香糖胶基。
图4a示出根据本发明并在图4b中描述的另外的压缩多模块口香糖片的横截面。
所述片40与其它描述的片稍微不同,其中所述片包含形成口香糖芯的压缩引入GB的口香糖模块42。所述模块42被周围基本引入非GB的模块41所包被。
图5a示出根据本发明并在图5b中描述的压缩多模块口香糖片的横截面。
根据描述的实施方案,显示了环形的两层片50,基础口香糖模块52包含特定浓度的胶基,而其它层包含包括模块51的非GB。
作为选择,所述口香糖模块51可以包含不同于口香糖模块52的胶基含量,从而有利于口香糖在一片中提供至少两种不同释放曲线。
片剂
所述片和单个片的尺寸可以在片与片之间显著不同。
片(1.1克)的实例可以是17mm×7mm×8mm.
另一种尺寸和形状可以是圆形片(1.5克),其直径为16mm,中心厚度为7.1mm,周边厚度为4.1mm。
所述片和模块可以具有很多不同的形状。优选的形状是图1a和1b中描述的形状,即薄片状模块。由于相对易于处理和加工,优选这种模块形状。然而,在本发明范围内当然可以使用其它模块形状。
此外,根据本发明的多模块片还可以包含三个或更多模块。
其中的几个示于图3a和3b中。
其它实施例
提供多模块片的不同实施例。最初通过所述片中胶基的量来评价片。然后,根据弹性体系统来检测所述片。
下面实施例中的多模块片状口香糖包含两层通过压缩制成的口香糖。全部两层片重3克,并且片被膜包衣。两层口香糖包含两个模块,一个1.5克的包含胶基的模块,一个1.5克的不含胶基的模块。
根据实施例1-3的包含胶基的模块包含:
5%胶基,
93.4%山梨糖醇粉末,
0.15%阿斯巴甜,
0.15%安赛蜜,和
1.3%薄荷油粉末
根据实施例4-6的包含胶基的模块包含:
10%胶基
88.4%山梨糖醇粉末,
0.15%阿斯巴甜,
0.15%安赛蜜,和
1.3%薄荷油粉末
根据实施例7-9的包含胶基的模块包含:
20%胶基,
78.4%山梨糖醇粉末,
0.15%阿斯巴甜,
0.15%安赛蜜,和
1.3%薄荷油粉末
根据实施例10-12的包含胶基的模块包含:
30%胶基,
68.4%山梨糖醇粉末,
0.15%阿斯巴甜,
0.15%安赛蜜,和
1.3%薄荷油粉末
根据实施例13-15的包含胶基的模块包含:
40%胶基,
58.4%山梨糖醇粉末,
0.15%阿斯巴甜,
0.15%安赛蜜,和
1.3%薄荷油粉末
根据实施例16-18的包含胶基的模块包含:
50%胶基,
48.4%山梨糖醇粉末,
0.15%阿斯巴甜,
0.15%安赛蜜,和
1.3%薄荷油粉末
根据实施例2、5、8、11、14和17的胶基包含:
弹性体: 14重量%
天然树脂: 18重量%
合成树脂: 18重量%
脂肪/填料: 32.5重量%
蜡: 14重量%
薄荷醇: 3重量%
阿斯巴甜: 0.5重量%
根据实施例1、4、7、10、13和16的胶基包含:
弹性体: 8.4重量%
天然树脂: 10.8重量%
合成树脂: 10.8重量%
脂肪/填料: 52.5重量%
蜡: 14重量%
薄荷醇: 3重量%
阿斯巴甜: 0.5重量%
根据实施例3、6、9、12、15和18的胶基包含:
弹性体: 19.6重量%
天然树脂: 25.2重量%
合成树脂: 25.2重量%
脂肪/填料: 12.5重量%
蜡: 14重量%
薄荷醇: 3重量%
阿斯巴甜: 0.5重量%
所述不含胶基模块包含:
85%山梨糖醇
3%薄荷醇粉末
2%桉树粉末
10%甘草粉末
通过下列方法压缩实施例1-18的片状口香糖。
胶基的制备包括下列步骤,将弹性体、天然树脂、合成树脂、脂肪/填充剂、蜡、薄荷醇和阿斯巴甜成分加入混合釜,并且在加热期间机械混合。降低温度,将胶基在造粒机中造粒来制备包含胶基的颗粒,其平均直径为0.5mm-1.3mm。
包含胶基的颗粒与口香糖成分混合,口香糖成分为山梨糖醇(购自CERESTAR Scandinavia A/S,Denmark)、阿斯巴甜(购自ZHUNYONGXINRONG BIOCHEMICAL PRODUCTS CO.,LTD,China)、安赛蜜(Sunett,颗粒尺寸A,购自Nutrinova GmbH,Germany)、薄荷油粉末(购自I.P.Callisons-Sons)。在此混合的含胶基组分在制片机中制片。
本实施例的片在配备有两站点的Fette3090制片机(购自FetteGmbH,Germany)上生产。模具的环形横截面的直径为16mm,并且形成中空凹孔来提供凹或弯曲的片。
将形成第一层的包含胶基的颗粒放入制片机的模具中,使用2kN的力预压缩,得到预压缩的第一层,厚度为约3.5mm。
将不含胶基的层放入制片机模具中的第一预压缩层上来形成第二层,不含胶基层是山梨糖醇粉末、薄荷醇粉末、桉叶粉末和甘草粉末的均匀混和物。
然后用13kN的力压缩第一和第二层来形成层状片。
作为选择,可以使用GB1484832中公开和说明的方法,相关压缩方法通过引用并入本文。
考虑造粒方法时,包含胶基的颗粒可以在造粒机A5PAC6(购
自GALA GmbH,Germany)中制成,如欧洲专利申请no.03388031.1中所述。
评估上述实施例,在下面的表1和2中列出结果。所述评估表示为Nac=不可接受,Acc=可接受,Ok=OK。
注意到,所有评估的口香糖均具有可接受的片外观,制备的片是机械上稳定的。此外注意到,当使用的弹性体系统占整个片的约10重量%时,在弹性体系统约0.3克的情况下片质地是可以接受的。另外注意到,当弹性体系统达到口香糖片的约15重量%时,质地得到进一步改善。
Ex.1 | Ex.2 | Ex.3 | Ex.4 | Ex.5 | Ex.6 | Ex.7 | Ex.8 | Ex.9 | |
GB含量 (GB模块) | 5% | 5% | 5% | 10% | 10% | 10% | 20% | 20% | 20% |
弹性体系统%(总) | 1.5 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 3.0 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 10 | 14 |
弹性体系统克(总) | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.30 | 0.42 |
片外观 | Ok | Ok | Ok | Ok | Ok | Ok | Ok | Ok | Ok |
片结构 | Nac | Nac | Nac | Nac | Nac | Nac | Nac | Acc | Acc |
表1:3克两层片
Ex.10 | Ex.11 | Ex.12 | Ex.13 | Ex.14 | Ex.15 | Ex.16 | Ex.17 | Ex.18 | |
GB含量 (GB模块) | 30% | 30% | 30% | 40% | 40% | 40% | 50% | 50% | 50% |
弹性体系统%(总) | 9 | 15 | 21 | 12 | 20 | 28 | 15 | 25 | 35 |
弹性体系统克(总) | 0.27 | 0.45 | 0.63 | 0.36 | 0.60 | 0.84 | 0.45 | 0.75 | 1.05 |
片外观 | Ok | Ok | Ok | Ok | Ok | Ok | Ok | Ok | Ok |
片结构 | Nac | Acc | Ok | Ok | Ok | Ok | Ok | Ok | Ok |
表2:3克两层片
下面的实施例19-36中提供了其它和优选的多模块片状口香糖。基本上,实施例19-36的胶基和口香糖配方对应于实施例1-18。然而,现在已经减少了片重量并且修改了片的层之间的关系。下面说明了这种修改。
现在,所述口香糖片包含通过压缩制成的两层口香糖片。整个两层片重量为1.3克并且被膜包衣。两层口香糖包含两个模块,一个包含胶基的模块为约0.9克,一个不含胶基的模块为约0.4克。下面表3和4中列出评估结果。
再次注意到,所有评估的口香糖具有可接受的片外观,制备的片是机械上稳定的。此外注意到,当使用的弹性体系统占整个片的约10重量%时,在弹性体系统约0.1克的情况下片质地是可以接受的。另外注意到,当弹性体系统达到口香糖片的约15重量%时,在此为0.2克评估的片,质地得到进一步改善。
Ex.19 | Ex.20 | Ex.21 | Ex.22 | Ex.23 | Ex.24 | Ex.25 | Ex.26 | Ex.27 | |
GB含量 (GB模块) | 5% | 5% | 5% | 10% | 10% | 10% | 20% | 20% | 20% |
弹性体系统%(总) | 1.5 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 3.0 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 10 | 14 |
弹性体系统克(总) | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.18 |
片外观 | Ok | Ok | Ok | Ok | Ok | Ok | Ok | Ok | Ok |
片结构 | Nac | Nac | Nac | Nac | Nac | Nac | Nac | Acc | Acc |
表3:1.3克两层片
Ex.28 | Ex.29 | Ex.30 | Ex.31 | Ex.32 | Ex.33 | Ex.34 | Ex.35 | Ex.36 | |
GB含量 (GB模块) | 30% | 30% | 30% | 40% | 40% | 40% | 50% | 50% | 50% |
弹性体系统%(总) | 9 | 15 | 21 | 12 | 20 | 28 | 15 | 25 | 35 |
弹性体系统克(总) | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.27 | 0.16 | 0.26 | 0.36 | 0.20 | 0.33 | 0.46 |
片外观 | Ok | Ok | Ok | Ok | Ok | Ok | Ok | Ok | Ok |
片结构 | Acc | Ok | Ok | Acc | Ok | Ok | Ok | Ok | Ok |
表4:1.3克两层片
Claims (35)
1.一种口香糖片(10、20、30、40、50),其包含至少两个粘着的口香糖模块(11、12;21、22、23;31、32;41、42;51、52),所述口香糖片通过压缩口香糖颗粒而形成,
至少一个所述口香糖模块包含胶基颗粒,
所述胶基颗粒包含弹性体系统,所述口香糖片包含弹性体系统的量为所述口香糖片的至少10重量%,其中至少10重量%的弹性体系统包含聚乙酸乙烯酯。
2.根据权利要求1的口香糖片,其中所述口香糖片包含弹性体系统的量为口香糖片的至少15重量%。
3.根据权利要求1的口香糖片,其中所述口香糖片包含弹性体系统的量为口香糖片的至少25重量%。
4.根据权利要求1的口香糖片,其中所述口香糖片包含弹性体系统的量为包含弹性体系统的模块的15重量%。
5.根据权利要求1的口香糖片,其中至少一个口香糖模块包含压缩水果、压缩脂肪、压缩甘草或其任意组合。
6.根据权利要求1的口香糖片,其中至少20重量%的弹性体系统包含聚乙酸乙烯酯。
7.根据权利要求1的口香糖片,其中所述弹性体系统包含弹性体部分和弹性体溶剂部分,并且其中弹性体溶剂的量大于弹性体的量。
8.根据权利要求1的口香糖片,其中所述口香糖片包含乳化剂。
9.根据权利要求1的口香糖片,其中所述口香糖片包含与弹性体系统混合的乳化剂。
10.根据权利要求8的口香糖片,其中所述乳化剂的HLB值小于10。
11.根据权利要求1的口香糖片,其中所述口香糖片(10、20、30、40、50)包含至少10重量%的胶基。
12.根据权利要求1的口香糖片,其中至少一个口香糖模块(11、21、31、41)的胶基含量少于5重量%。
13.根据权利要求1的口香糖片,其中至少一个口香糖模块(11、21、31、41)不含胶基。
14.根据权利要求13的口香糖片,其中所述不含胶基的口香糖模块包含甜味剂作为主要成分。
15.根据权利要求1的口香糖片,其中至少两个所述口香糖模块具有不同的弹性。
16.根据权利要求1的口香糖片,其中所有口香糖模块通过压缩制成。
17.根据权利要求1的口香糖片,其中所述口香糖模块通过压缩而聚集。
18.根据权利要求1的口香糖片,其中所述口香糖模块具有不同的胶基浓度或胶基组成。
19.根据权利要求1的口香糖片,其中所述口香糖模块是薄片状层。
20.根据权利要求1的口香糖片,其中不同口香糖模块包含易于在所述口香糖片中分离的成分。
21.根据权利要求1的口香糖片,其中至少两个所述口香糖模块通过至少一个隔离层而分离。
22.根据权利要求13的口香糖片,其中所述模块是具有一定厚度的薄片状层,其中至少一个不含胶基的层的厚度超过所述片最小宽度的至少20(二十)分之一。
23.根据权利要求13的口香糖片,其中所述模块是具有一定厚度的薄片状层,其中至少一个不含胶基的层的厚度超过0.5mm。
24.根据权利要求1的口香糖片,其中所述口香糖模块在可压缩的口香糖组分的基础上制造。
25.根据权利要求1的口香糖片,其中所述口香糖片具有口香糖包衣。
26.根据权利要求1的口香糖片,其中所述胶基颗粒的平均直径为0.1mm-2.5mm。
27.根据权利要求1的口香糖片,其中所述口香糖颗粒的平均直径为0.1mm-2.5mm。
28.根据权利要求1的口香糖片,其中所述胶基颗粒包含香料。
29.根据权利要求1的口香糖片,其中所述胶基颗粒包含活性成分。
30.根据权利要求1的口香糖片,其中所述胶基颗粒包含弹性体,所述弹性体的量为所述胶基颗粒的5-50重量%。
31.使根据权利要求1-30中任一项的口香糖片成片的方法,其中所述弹性体系统形成部分胶基颗粒,并且由此使所述胶基颗粒通过压缩与其它胶基颗粒或口香糖颗粒聚集。
32.根据权利要求31的口香糖片成片的方法,其中在压缩其它口香糖模块之前的加工步骤中压缩口香糖片中最厚的口香糖模块。
33.根据权利要求31的口香糖片成片的方法,其中所述口香糖模块通过将模块压缩在另一个模块上而聚集。
34.根据权利要求31的口香糖片成片的方法,其中当口香糖模块聚集时,压缩至少一个口香糖模块。
35.根据权利要求31的口香糖片成片的方法,其中所述成片在至少1℃的温度下进行。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DK2004/000484 WO2006002622A1 (en) | 2004-07-06 | 2004-07-06 | Compressed chewing gum tablet |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1984568A CN1984568A (zh) | 2007-06-20 |
CN1984568B true CN1984568B (zh) | 2011-09-28 |
Family
ID=34957950
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN2004800435258A Expired - Lifetime CN1984568B (zh) | 2004-07-06 | 2004-07-06 | 压缩口香糖片 |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US8734763B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1765304B2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4875616B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101168348B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1984568B (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE418328T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2004321251A1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2572639C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE602004018691D1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK1765304T4 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2319191T3 (zh) |
MX (1) | MXPA06015133A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2006002622A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (34)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ATE468757T1 (de) * | 2006-08-17 | 2010-06-15 | Gumlink As | Harzverkapselter intensivsüsstoff |
WO2008145120A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 | 2008-12-04 | Gumlink A/S | Environmental chewing gum |
WO2009007769A1 (en) * | 2007-07-06 | 2009-01-15 | Gumlink A/S | Multi-modular chewing gum tablet |
WO2009007771A1 (en) * | 2007-07-06 | 2009-01-15 | Gumlink A/S | High volume compressed chewing gum tablet |
WO2009007768A1 (en) * | 2007-07-06 | 2009-01-15 | Gumlink A/S | Compressed tablet comprising polyol |
DK2178521T3 (da) * | 2007-07-11 | 2014-04-28 | Fertin Pharma As | Stabilt medicinsk tyggegummi omfattende cyclodextrin-inklusionskompleks |
EP2178522A1 (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2010-04-28 | Fertin Pharma A/S | Compressed chewing gum tablet comprising taste-masking agent |
DK2229157T3 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2016-12-05 | Fertin Pharma As | Compressed chewing gum tablet |
WO2009080032A1 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2009-07-02 | Fertin Pharma A/S | Compressed chewing gum comprising a systemically active small peptide |
WO2009080025A1 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2009-07-02 | Fertin Pharma A/S | Compressed chewing gum comprising metformin |
WO2009080023A1 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2009-07-02 | Fertin Pharma A/S | Compressed chewing gum comprising peptide |
WO2009080020A1 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2009-07-02 | Fertin Pharma A/S | Chewing gum tablet and method of dosing pharmaceutically active ingredients in such chewing gum tablet |
WO2009080022A1 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2009-07-02 | Fertin Pharma A/S | Compressed chewing gum tablet |
WO2009080024A1 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2009-07-02 | Fertin Pharma A/S | Compressed chewing gum comprising an incretin mimetic |
DK2296486T3 (en) * | 2008-05-26 | 2015-07-13 | Fertin Pharma As | Film-coated compressed gum |
AU2010292073B2 (en) * | 2009-09-10 | 2015-10-22 | Regents Of University Of Minnesota | Chewing gum compositions |
US9204667B2 (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2015-12-08 | R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Smokeless tobacco pastille and injection molding process for forming smokeless tobacco products |
AU2012225286B2 (en) | 2011-03-09 | 2015-03-12 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Chewing gums and gum bases comprising multi-block copolymers |
EP2793849A1 (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2014-10-29 | Fertin Pharma A/S | Method of releasing nicotine from chewing gum |
CN102754908B (zh) | 2012-01-20 | 2015-06-10 | 奥驰亚客户服务公司 | 口腔用烟草产品 |
WO2014026122A2 (en) | 2012-08-10 | 2014-02-13 | Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company | Chewing gums and gum bases comprising block copolymers having crystallizable hard blocks |
US20150320077A1 (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2015-11-12 | Okono A/S | Chewing Gum With Tobacco Fibres In The Gum Base |
BR112015020657B1 (pt) * | 2013-03-14 | 2020-12-08 | Intercontinental Great Brands Llc | produto de goma de mascar multi-texturizado |
US20160044955A1 (en) | 2014-08-13 | 2016-02-18 | R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Smokeless tobacco products |
CN106572679A (zh) * | 2014-08-14 | 2017-04-19 | 洲际大品牌有限责任公司 | 改善的咀嚼型胶基糖组合物及其制备方法 |
US20180177214A1 (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2018-06-28 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | New orange color for edible coatings |
USD796775S1 (en) | 2015-09-09 | 2017-09-12 | Intercontinental Great Brands Llc | Confection |
US11291683B2 (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2022-04-05 | Access Business Group International Llc | Bilayer tablets of B vitamins and process for preparing the same |
EP4268623A3 (en) | 2016-09-27 | 2024-05-01 | Altria Client Services LLC | Tobacco beads |
US11071710B2 (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2021-07-27 | Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company | Licorice extract synergy with menthol for breath freshening in a confectionary product |
WO2018191808A1 (en) | 2017-04-20 | 2018-10-25 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Optical pulse clipper for lidar |
US10980831B2 (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2021-04-20 | Fertin Pharma A/S | Solid pharmaceutical tablet |
US20210298322A1 (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2021-09-30 | Samyang Corporation | Chewing gum comprising functional sweetener |
JP2024105737A (ja) * | 2021-03-30 | 2024-08-07 | 日本たばこ産業株式会社 | 口腔用パウチ製品、及び口腔用パウチ製品の製造方法 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20020071858A1 (en) * | 1999-03-25 | 2002-06-13 | Luo Shiuh John | Oral care chewing gums and confections |
WO2004006686A3 (en) * | 2002-07-15 | 2004-03-11 | Nestle Sa | Tabletted chewing gum sweet and method for manufacturing the same |
Family Cites Families (53)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2007965A (en) | 1929-06-29 | 1935-07-16 | Ellis Foster Co | Edible synthetic ester resins |
US2353927A (en) | 1942-10-05 | 1944-07-18 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Chewing gum material |
US2635964A (en) | 1951-01-23 | 1953-04-21 | American Chicle Co | Chewing gum base material |
US3262784A (en) | 1963-12-02 | 1966-07-26 | Frank H Fleer Corp | Chewing gum product and method of making same |
JPS4819950B1 (zh) | 1970-12-30 | 1973-06-18 | ||
JPS5716773B2 (zh) | 1974-05-17 | 1982-04-07 | ||
US4139589A (en) | 1975-02-26 | 1979-02-13 | Monique Beringer | Process for the manufacture of a multi-zone tablet and tablet manufactured by this process |
LU71919A1 (zh) | 1975-02-26 | 1977-01-06 | ||
DE2808160A1 (de) | 1978-02-25 | 1979-08-30 | Nordstroem Rabbe | Neuartige tablette und das verfahren zur herstellung eines solchen presslings |
US4238510A (en) * | 1979-02-21 | 1980-12-09 | Life Savers, Inc. | Sugarless coating for chewing gum and confections and method |
US4525363A (en) | 1983-06-29 | 1985-06-25 | Nabisco Brands, Inc. | Single compatibilizing agents for elastomer-resin combination gum base |
US4971806A (en) | 1984-01-31 | 1990-11-20 | Warner-Lambert Company | Multi-layered chewing gum composition having different rates of flavor release |
US4753805A (en) * | 1984-01-31 | 1988-06-28 | Warner-Lambert Company | Tabletted chewing gum composition and method of preparation |
CA1240875A (en) | 1984-01-31 | 1988-08-23 | Subraman R. Cherukuri | Tableted chewing gum composition and method of preparation |
IE58110B1 (en) | 1984-10-30 | 1993-07-14 | Elan Corp Plc | Controlled release powder and process for its preparation |
EP0235159B1 (de) | 1984-12-27 | 1990-08-08 | Gerhard Dr. Gergely | Kaugummi und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
ZA867327B (en) | 1985-11-04 | 1987-05-27 | Warner Lambert Co | Flavored tableted chewing gum |
CA1295874C (en) | 1986-06-19 | 1992-02-18 | Zdravko Dokuzovic | Flavor emulsions and chewing gum compositions containing the same |
US4847090A (en) * | 1986-11-07 | 1989-07-11 | Warner-Lambert Company | Confection product and method for making same |
US4731435A (en) | 1986-11-10 | 1988-03-15 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Elastomers |
DE3732677A1 (de) | 1987-09-28 | 1989-04-06 | Lingner & Fischer Gmbh | Kaugummi |
EP0370296B1 (en) | 1988-11-25 | 1994-01-19 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Chewing gum |
DK365389D0 (da) * | 1989-07-24 | 1989-07-24 | Fertin Lab As | Antifungalt tyggegummipraeparat |
AR243329A1 (es) | 1989-08-25 | 1993-08-31 | Warner Lambert Co | Comestible recubierto con sorbitol, mejorado, y metodo de preparacion |
US5087459A (en) | 1989-10-04 | 1992-02-11 | Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company | Non-tack chewing gum base |
JP2955130B2 (ja) | 1992-07-30 | 1999-10-04 | 鐘紡株式会社 | 組合せチューインガム |
WO1994016575A1 (en) | 1992-12-23 | 1994-08-04 | Yatka Robert J | Chewing gum containing guar gum hydrolyzate |
US5545415A (en) | 1993-12-30 | 1996-08-13 | Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company | Low moisture chewing gum compositions containing erythritol |
US5536511A (en) | 1994-05-06 | 1996-07-16 | Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company | Chewing gum pellet coated with a hard coating containing erythritol and xylitol |
IT1274034B (it) | 1994-07-26 | 1997-07-14 | Applied Pharma Res | Composizioni farmaceutiche a base di gomma da masticare e procedimento per la loro preparazione |
US5866179A (en) | 1996-05-03 | 1999-02-02 | Avant-Garde Technologies & Products S.A. | Medicated chewing gum and a process for preparation thereof |
WO2000035296A1 (en) | 1996-11-27 | 2000-06-22 | Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company | Improved release of medicament active agents from a chewing gum coating |
DE19751330A1 (de) | 1997-11-19 | 1999-05-20 | Hosokawa Bepex Gmbh | Formgebungsverfahren für bei Raumtemperatur knetbare, insbesondere zähelastische, klebrige Massen |
US6599542B1 (en) * | 1998-08-11 | 2003-07-29 | Warner-Lambert Company | Non-stick chewing gum base |
US6344222B1 (en) * | 1998-09-03 | 2002-02-05 | Jsr Llc | Medicated chewing gum delivery system for nicotine |
WO2000019977A1 (en) | 1998-10-08 | 2000-04-13 | Biovail Technologies Ltd. | Composition and method for medicated chewing gum delivery system |
AU1031500A (en) | 1998-11-03 | 2000-05-22 | Dandy A/S | Sucrose fatty acid esters for use as increased release of active ingredients |
US6200608B1 (en) | 1999-03-19 | 2001-03-13 | L. A. Dreyfus Co. | Process of producing chewing gum base in particle form and product thereof |
US6322806B1 (en) | 1999-04-06 | 2001-11-27 | Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company | Over-coated chewing gum formulations including tableted center |
KR20030068162A (ko) | 2000-11-30 | 2003-08-19 | 다이셀 가가꾸 고교 가부시끼가이샤 | 지방족 폴리에스테르 공중합체 및 그 제조방법, 지방족폴리에스테르계 생분해성 수지 성형물, 및 락톤함유 수지 |
IT1320136B1 (it) | 2000-12-22 | 2003-11-18 | Atp Avant Garde Technologies P | Procedimento per la preparazione di gomme medicate contenenti principiattivi labili all'umidita'. |
WO2002069729A1 (en) | 2001-03-05 | 2002-09-12 | L.A. Dreyfus Co. | Gum base and gum manufacturing using particulated gum base ingredients |
WO2002071860A1 (en) | 2001-03-13 | 2002-09-19 | L.A. Dreyfus Co. | Gum base and gum manufacturing using particulated gum base ingredients |
GB0107954D0 (en) | 2001-03-29 | 2001-05-23 | Nestle Sa | Chewing gum-containing tablet |
JP5133499B2 (ja) | 2002-07-02 | 2013-01-30 | ガムリンク エー/エス | 樹脂調整圧縮成形チューインガム |
US20050175733A1 (en) | 2002-07-02 | 2005-08-11 | Bitten Thorengaard | Compressed resin moderated chewing gum |
ES2623143T3 (es) * | 2002-07-02 | 2017-07-10 | Fertin Pharma A/S | Tableta II de goma de mascar comprimida |
EP1517617B1 (en) | 2002-07-02 | 2007-01-17 | Gumlink A/S | Compressed chewing gum |
AU2003214016A1 (en) | 2003-02-04 | 2004-08-30 | Gumlink A/S | Compressed chewing gum tablet |
US20060051455A1 (en) | 2003-02-04 | 2006-03-09 | Lone Andersen | Compressed chewing gum tablet |
EP1449525A1 (en) | 2003-02-20 | 2004-08-25 | Cross Chem Llc | chewing gum in the form of multi-layer tablets |
ATE405170T1 (de) | 2003-05-06 | 2008-09-15 | Gumlink As | Methode zur herstellung von kaugummigranulat und komprimierten kaugummiprodukten, sowie ein kaugummigranuliersystem |
JP4819550B2 (ja) | 2006-03-31 | 2011-11-24 | Necカシオモバイルコミュニケーションズ株式会社 | 撮像装置、及び、プログラム |
-
2004
- 2004-07-06 MX MXPA06015133A patent/MXPA06015133A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2004-07-06 WO PCT/DK2004/000484 patent/WO2006002622A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-07-06 CA CA2572639A patent/CA2572639C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-06 KR KR1020077002861A patent/KR101168348B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2004-07-06 AU AU2004321251A patent/AU2004321251A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-07-06 AT AT04738981T patent/ATE418328T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-07-06 JP JP2007519613A patent/JP4875616B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-06 CN CN2004800435258A patent/CN1984568B/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-06 DK DK04738981.2T patent/DK1765304T4/da active
- 2004-07-06 DE DE602004018691T patent/DE602004018691D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-06 US US11/631,801 patent/US8734763B2/en active Active
- 2004-07-06 EP EP04738981.2A patent/EP1765304B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-06 ES ES04738981T patent/ES2319191T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2014
- 2014-04-15 US US14/253,375 patent/US9445612B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20020071858A1 (en) * | 1999-03-25 | 2002-06-13 | Luo Shiuh John | Oral care chewing gums and confections |
WO2004006686A3 (en) * | 2002-07-15 | 2004-03-11 | Nestle Sa | Tabletted chewing gum sweet and method for manufacturing the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1984568A (zh) | 2007-06-20 |
WO2006002622A1 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
DE602004018691D1 (de) | 2009-02-05 |
US9445612B2 (en) | 2016-09-20 |
KR20070055496A (ko) | 2007-05-30 |
DK1765304T3 (da) | 2009-04-06 |
MXPA06015133A (es) | 2007-03-27 |
US8734763B2 (en) | 2014-05-27 |
JP2008504828A (ja) | 2008-02-21 |
CA2572639C (en) | 2013-03-12 |
CA2572639A1 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
US20080063609A1 (en) | 2008-03-13 |
AU2004321251A1 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
KR101168348B1 (ko) | 2012-07-27 |
DK1765304T4 (da) | 2019-06-03 |
EP1765304A1 (en) | 2007-03-28 |
EP1765304B1 (en) | 2008-12-24 |
US20140227388A1 (en) | 2014-08-14 |
JP4875616B2 (ja) | 2012-02-15 |
ES2319191T3 (es) | 2009-05-05 |
EP1765304B2 (en) | 2019-02-27 |
ATE418328T1 (de) | 2009-01-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN1984568B (zh) | 压缩口香糖片 | |
CN100459873C (zh) | 压缩口香糖片ⅱ | |
CN100367869C (zh) | 压缩口香糖 | |
CN100374035C (zh) | 压缩口香糖片 | |
CN101035437B (zh) | 糖果产品 | |
CN102481257A (zh) | 用于控释活性成分的颗粒材料 | |
JP5133499B2 (ja) | 樹脂調整圧縮成形チューインガム | |
CN101253920B (zh) | 压缩口香糖片 | |
JP2010252816A (ja) | 圧縮チューインガムタブレット | |
RU2305948C2 (ru) | Таблетка прессованной жевательной резинки и способ ее производства | |
RU2355184C2 (ru) | Таблетка прессованной жевательной резинки и способ ее получения | |
KR100880203B1 (ko) | 압축 츄잉 검 | |
JP2014158484A (ja) | 圧縮チューインガムタブレット |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20170112 Address after: Vejle, Denmark Patentee after: FERTIN PHARMA A/S Address before: Vejle, Denmark Patentee before: GUMLINK A/S |
|
CX01 | Expiry of patent term |
Granted publication date: 20110928 |
|
CX01 | Expiry of patent term |