CN1982928B - 单模光纤 - Google Patents

单模光纤 Download PDF

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CN1982928B
CN1982928B CN2006101445366A CN200610144536A CN1982928B CN 1982928 B CN1982928 B CN 1982928B CN 2006101445366 A CN2006101445366 A CN 2006101445366A CN 200610144536 A CN200610144536 A CN 200610144536A CN 1982928 B CN1982928 B CN 1982928B
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inner cladding
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CN1982928A (zh
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路易·阿内·德蒙莫里永
皮特尔·马特蒂日瑟
帕斯卡勒·努希
德尼·莫兰
玛丽安娜·比戈·阿斯特吕克
皮埃尔·西亚尔
弗朗斯·戈奥伊热尔
伊沃·弗拉梅尔
伊夫·吕米内奥
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
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    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
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    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
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    • G02B6/03661Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 4 layers only

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种光传输光纤,包括:中心核,其具有与外光包层的折射率差Δn1;第一内包层,其具有与外光包层的折射率差Δn2;以及第二埋置内包层,其与外光包层的折射率差Δn3小于-3×10-3。第二埋置内包层进一步包含重量浓度为0.5%到7%之间的锗。光纤显示出减少的弯曲和微弯损耗,同时展示出标准单模光纤(SSMF)的光性能。

Description

单模光纤
技术领域
本发明涉及光纤传输领域,以及更具体地,涉及具有减少的弯曲损耗和微弯损耗的线路光纤。 
背景技术
对于光纤,通常相对于显示将光纤的折射率与光纤的半径相关联的函数的曲线图,来限定折射率分布。传统地,沿着横坐标轴来示出到光纤中心的距离,并且沿纵坐标轴示出该折射率与光纤包层的折射率之间的差异。因此,将折射率分布描述为用于分别示出台阶形、梯形或者矩形形状的曲线图的“台阶形”、“梯形”或者“矩形”。这些曲线通常表示光纤的理论或者组分布,其中光纤制造的应力可能会导致基本上不同的分布。 
光纤传统上由光纤核和光纤包层组成,其中光纤核的功能是传输和可选地放大光信号,而光纤包层的功能是将光信号限制在核内。为此,使得核的折射率nc和包层的折射率ng为nc>ng。众所周知,光信号在单模光纤中的传播分解为在核中导向的基本模式以及在核-包层组合中特定距离上导向并且称为包层模式的辅助模式。 
作为用于光纤传输系统的线路光纤,通常使用单模光纤(SMF)。这些光纤显示出满足特定通信标准的色散和色散斜率。 
为了在不同制造商的光系统之间兼容的需要,国际电信联盟(ITU)已经制定出标准参考ITU-T G..652,其中标准单模光纤(SSMF)必须满足该标准。 
传输光纤的该G..652标准特别推荐在1310nm波长处的模场直径(MFD)的范围为[8.6;9.5μm];光缆截止波长最大值为1260nm;表示为λ0的色散消除波长为[1300;1324nm];色散斜率最大值为 0.093ps/nm2-km。光缆截止波长通常测量为在光纤的22米上传播之后光信号不再是单模的波长,例如在标准IEC 60793-1-44下由国际电子技术委员会的子委员会86A所定义的那样。 
同样,对于给定光纤,所谓的MAC值被定义为光纤在1550nm处的模场直径与有效截止波长λcoff(也称为截止波长)的比率。截止波长通常测量为在光纤的2米上传播之后光信号不再是单模的波长,例如在标准IEC 60793-1-44下由国际电子技术委员会的子委员会86A所定义的那样。MAC值用来评估光纤性能,特别是找到模场直径、有效截止波长和弯曲损耗之间的折衷。 
图1描述了申请人的实验结果,给出了相对于波长1550nm处的MAC值,在标准SSMF光纤中弯曲半径为15mm并且波长为1625处的弯曲损耗。可以看出,MAC值影响光纤的弯曲损耗,并且可以通过减少MAC值来减少这些弯曲损耗。 
但是,通过减少模场直径和/或通过增加有效截止波长来减少MAC值可能会导致超出(overstep)G.652标准,使得光纤商业上与一些传输系统不相兼容。 
符合G652标准并且减少弯曲损耗对于入户光纤系统(称为光纤入户系统(FTTH))或者到路边或者到建筑物光纤系统(所谓的光纤到路边(FFTC))的光纤应用来说是一个真正的挑战。 
的确,通过光纤的传输系统包括存储盒,其中提供过长的光纤,以便未来应急;这些过长光纤缠绕在盒中。因为意图在于使得用于FTTH或者FTTC应用的这些盒小型化,所以在该上下文中的单模光纤将缠绕在越来越小的直径上(以便达到15mm或者11mm的弯曲半径)。而且,在FTTH或者FTTC应用的范围内,光纤的风险是受制于比较长距离处的应用更严厉的安装约束,即存在与安装的低成本和环境相关的意外弯曲。必须为出现等于7.5mm或者甚至5mm的意外弯曲半径提供预备。因此,为了满足与存储盒相关的约束和安装约束,绝对必要的是:用于FTTH或者FTTC应用的单模光纤限制弯曲损耗。即使这样,应当理解,这种弯曲损耗的减少不应当导致信号单模特性损耗(这将严重地降低信号) 的不利影响,或者引入极大的接合光损耗的不利影响。 
S.Matsuo等人的出版物“Bend-insensitive and Low Splice-LossOptical Fiber for Indoor Wiring in FTTH”,OFC‘04 Proceedings,paper Th13(2004)描述了用于单模光纤(SMF)的折射率分布,使得能够减少弯曲损耗。但是,这种光纤显示出10.2ps/nm-km和14.1ps/nm-km之间的色散,这位于G.652标准之外。 
I.Sakabe等人的出版物“Enhanced Bending Loss InsensitiveFiber and New Cables for CWDM Access Network”,53rd IWCS Proceedings,pp.112-118(2004)提出了减少模场直径以减少弯曲损耗。但是,这种模场直径的减少导致超出了G.653标准。 
k.Bandou等人的出版物“Development of Premise Optical WiringComponents Using Hole-Assisted Fiber”53rd IWCS Proceedings,pp.119-122(2004)提出了一种具有SSMF光纤的光特性的孔光纤,具有减少的弯曲损耗。制造所述光纤的成本以及当前高的衰减度(>0.25dB/km)使得它很难商业使用在FTTH系统中。 
T.Yokoawa等人的出版物“Ultra-Low Loss and Bend InsensitivePure-Silica-Core Fiber Complying with G.652 C/D and itsApplications to a Loose Tube Cable”53rd IWCS Proceedings,pp.150-155(2004)提出了一种纯硅核光纤PSCF,具有减少的传输和弯曲损耗,但是具有位于G.652标准之外的减少的模场直径。 
US6771865描述了一种具有减少的弯曲损耗的传输光纤的分布。该光纤具有中心核、环状内包层和光外包层。环状包层同时掺杂有锗和氟。在该文献中给出的信息没有提供确定光纤是否满足G.652标准所制定的规范。 
US4852968描述了具有减少的弯曲损耗的传输光纤的分布。但是,该光纤具有不满足G.652标准的规范的色散:G.652标准要求在1300nm和1324nm之间波长处的色散消除,但US4852962中所描述的光纤显示了在1400nm和1800nm之间的波长处的色散消除。 
WO-A-2004/092794描述了具有减少的弯曲损耗的传输光纤的分布。 该光纤具有中心核、第一内包层、第二埋置内包层以及外光包层。在该文献中所描述的光纤例子中的一些也满足G.652标准的规范。该文献中所描述的光纤通过气相轴向积淀(VAD)或者化学蒸汽积淀(CVD)类型的技术来制造。但是,在该文献中描述的光纤并没有识别微弯损耗问题。 
因此,需要一种可以满足G.652标准的规范的传输光纤,即该光纤可以商业上使用在FTTH或者FTTC类型的传输系统中,并且显示出减少的弯曲损耗和减少的微弯损耗。在FTTH或者FTTC应用中,与长距离传输应用中相比,光纤经受较高的弯曲和微弯应力。的确,在FFTH或者FTTC应用中,过长的光纤通常缠绕在越来越小型化的存储盒中,而且光纤将经受与其安装环境有关的极大的弯曲应力。 
发明内容
为此,本发明提出了一种光纤分布,包括中心核、第一内包层、深埋第二内包层、以及外包层。第二内包层包含锗。 
即使锗是搀杂物,其效果是增加硅的折射率,但是在深埋包层中锗的存在使得可以增加埋置包层的弹性光系数。因此,当应力施加到光纤时,特别是当光纤经受弯曲或者微弯时,包含锗的深埋包层的存在允许限制应力对光纤折射率的变化的影响。因此,当这种应力施加到具有包含锗的第二深埋包层时减少了光损耗。 
更具体地,本发明提出一种光传输光纤,包括: 
-中心核,具有与外光包层的折射率差Δn1; 
-第一内包层,具有与外包层的折射率差Δn2; 
-第二埋置内包层,其与外包层的折射率差Δn3小于-3×10-3,并且包含重量浓度为0.5%到7%之间的锗。 
根据一个特性,第二内包层与外包层的折射率差Δn3大于-15×10-3。 
根据另一个特性,中心核和第一内包层之间的折射率差(Δn1-Δn2)在3.9×10-3到5.9×10-3之间。 
根据另一个特性,第二埋置包层半径为12μm到25μm之间。 
根据另一个特性,中心核的半径为3.5μm到4.5μm之间,并且显示出与外包层的折射率差为4.2×10-3到6.1×10-3之间。 
根据另一个特性,第一内包层的半径为7.5μm到14.5μm之间,并且显示出与外包层的折射率差为-1.2×10-3到1.2×10-3之间。 
根据另一个特性,中心核的积分定义为: 
I 1 = ∫ 0 r 1 Δn ( r ) dr ≈ r 1 × Δ n 1 ,
该积分在17×10-3μm到24×10-3μm之间。 
根据另一个特性,在1310nm波长处,本发明的光纤显示出0.0093ps/nm2-km或者更小的色散斜率。 
根据另一个特性,本发明的光纤在1300nm到1324nm之间的波长处显示出色散消除。 
根据另一个特性,本发明的光纤具有1260nm或者更小的光缆截止波长。 
根据另一个特性,在1625nm波长处,对于围绕15mm弯曲半径100圈的绕组,本发明的光纤显示出弯曲损耗为1dB或者更小。 
根据另一个特性,在1625nm波长处,对于围绕11mm弯曲半径1圈的缠绕,本发明的光纤显示出弯曲损耗为0.5dB或者更小。 
根据另一个特性,在1625nm波长处,对于围绕5mm弯曲半径1圈的缠绕,本发明的光纤显示出弯曲损耗为2dB或者更小。 
根据另一个特性,一直到1625nm波长,本发明的光纤显示出通过所谓的固定直径鼓方法测量的微弯损耗为0.8dB/km或者更小。 
本发明还涉及一种用于制造本发明的光传输光纤的方法,该方法包括步骤: 
-提供硅管并将所述硅管定位在车床上; 
-将氧O2、硅SiCl4、氟C2F6以及锗GeO2的气体混合物注入该管中; 
-通过微波加热来离子化所述气体混合物以获得等离子体,以便积淀形成第二埋置内包层的掺杂硅层; 
-连续注入气体混合物并且离子化所述混合物,以积淀形成第一内包层和中心核的掺杂硅层。 
本发明进一步涉及光纤入户(FTTH)或者光纤到路边(FTTC)光纤系统,至少包括根据本发明的光模块或者存储盒。 
附图说明
通过阅读作为例子并且参考附图给出的本发明实施例的详细说明,本发明的其它特性和优势将变得更加明显,其中: 
图1是先前说明的一个示意图,描述了相对于1500nm波长处的MAC值,在标准单模光纤(SSMF)中弯曲半径为15mm并且1625nm波长处的弯曲损耗; 
图2是显示根据本发明的一个实施例的单模光纤(SMF)的组分布; 
图3a到图3c是若干示意图,描述了对于不同的标准单模光纤(SSMF)和对于本发明的不同光纤,相对于波长150nm处的MAC值,对于不同弯曲半径在波长1625nm处的弯曲损耗;以及 
图4a和4b是描述通过微弯的损耗的示意图。 
具体实施方式
本发明的光纤具有中心核、第一内包层和第二埋置内包层。通过埋置包层意味着折射率低于外包层折射率的光纤径向部分。第二埋置内包层与外包层的折射率差为小于-3×10-3,并且可达到-15×10-3。同样,埋置包层包含重量浓度为0.5%到7%之间的锗。 
正如本身所知道的,通过拉制预制棒(preform)来获得光纤。例如,预制棒可以是高质量的玻璃管(纯硅),其形成外包层的一部分并且包围光纤的中心核和内包层;然后可以在进行拉制塔(draw tower)中的拉制操作之前给该管装上套筒或者再填充该管,以增加其直径。为了制造该预制棒,通常水平地安装该管,并通过车床中的玻璃杆在其两端处将该管保持在适当位置;然后旋转该管并且局部地加热该管,以积淀确定预制棒的组成的组分。该组成确定未来光纤的光特性。 
通常将在管中积淀组分称为“掺杂”,即将“杂质”添加到硅上,以修正其折射率。因而,锗(Ge)或者磷(P)增加了硅的折射率;它 们常常用于掺杂光纤的中心核。同样,氟(F)或者硼(B)降低了硅的折射率;它们常常用于形成埋置包层或者当期望弥补在光敏包层中折射率的增加时作为与锗同时掺杂。 
具有埋置包层的预制棒很难制造。当加热超过特定温度时,氟不容易并入硅中,而为了制造玻璃要求高温。玻璃制造所要求的高温与促进合适的氟并入的低温之间的折衷使得不能获得比硅的折射率明显低的折射率。 
提出了使用PCVD技术(等离子体化学蒸汽积淀)来制造本发明光纤的预制棒,因为它通过离子化反应组分允许在比传统技术(CVD、VAD、OVD)低的温度处反应。在文献US RE 30635和US 4314833中描述了所述制造技术;它允许较多的氟并入硅中,以便形成深埋包层。 
使用PCVD技术制造本发明的光纤也使得可以将锗添加到埋置包层中。正如上面所述的,锗增加了硅的折射率;因此通常不建议将锗并入寻求获得比硅低的折射率的光纤部分。但是,PCVD使得产生大量的高度反应氟离子;然后可以将锗添加到反应中,并且如此获得埋置内包层。 
因此,本发明的光纤在内包层的组合中包括锗,其中内包层包括折射率小于-3×10-3的包层。锗存在于埋置包层中修正了硅的粘度以及所述包层中的弹性光系数。 
图2描述了本发明的传输光纤的折射率分布。图示的分布是一个组分布,即它表示光纤的理论分布,该光纤实际上是在从可能给出基本上不同分布的预制棒进行拉制之后获得的。 
本发明的单模传输光纤包括:中心核,具有与外包层的折射率差Δn1,所述外包层用作光包层;第一内包层,具有与外包层的折射率差Δn2;第二内包层,被深埋并且具有与外包层的折射率差Δn3。中心核、第一包层和第二内包层中的折射率在它们的整个宽度上基本上是恒定的;因此,该组分布真正是单模光纤。核的宽度由其半径r1定义,以及包层的宽度由它们各自的外径r2和r3定义。 
为了定义光纤的一组折射率分布,通常采用外包层的折射率作为参考。然后给出中心核、埋置包层和环的折射率值作为折射率差Δn1,2,3。 通常,外包层由硅形成,但是可以向该外包层掺杂,以增加或者减少其折射率,例如,修正信号传播特性。 
因此,可以使用将折射率变化与每个光纤部分的半径相关联的积分来定义光纤分布的每部分。 
因此,对于本发明的光纤可以定义三个积分,其代表内核表面I1、第一内包层表面I2、以及第二埋置内包层表面I3。表达“表面”不是从几何上来解释,而是对应于考虑尺寸的值。这三个积分可以表达为: 
I 1 = ∫ 0 r 1 Δn ( r ) dr ≈ r 1 × Δ n 1
I 2 = ∫ r 1 r 2 Δn ( r ) dr ≈ ( r 2 - r 1 ) × Δ n 2
I 3 = ∫ r 2 r 3 Δn ( r ) dr ≈ ( r 3 - r 2 ) × Δ n 3
下面的表I给出了半径和折射率差的极限值以及积分I1的极限值,它们被要求使得光纤显示出减少的弯曲损耗和微弯损耗,同时满足用于传输光纤的G.652标准的光传播规范。在表中给出的值对应于光纤的组分布。 
表I 
  r1  (μm)   r2  (μm)   r3  (μm)   r1/r2   Δn1  (×103)   Δn2  (×103)   Δn3  (×103)   Δn1-  Δn2   I1(μm  ×103)
  3.5   7.5   12.0   0.27   4.2   -1.2   -15   3.9   17
  4.5   14.5   25.0   0.5   6.2   1.2   -3   5.9   24
中心核的积分I1的值影响光纤中信号的基本传播模式。17×103μm到24×103μm的中心核积分值特别使得可以维持符合G.652标准的模场直径。 
下面的表II给出了对于根据本发明的传输光纤的可能折射率分布。第一栏给每个分布分配了参考。下面各栏给出了每部分(r1到r3)的半径值,以及接下来各栏给出了每部分与外包层的折射率差值(Δn1到Δn3)。在633nm 波长处测量折射率值。 
表II 
  例子   r1(μm)   r2(μm)   r3(μm)   Δn1(×103)   Δn2(×103)   Δn3(×103)
  1   2.86   6.90   13.24   5.41   2.00   -3.70
  2   3.86   9.50   15   5.16   0.69   -5.0
  3   4.02   9.55   15   5.31   0.45   -5.0
  4   3.86   8.66   15   5.41   0.85   -5.0
具有诸如上述折射率分布的本发明的传输光纤在有用的波长处显示出减少的弯曲损耗和微弯损耗。 
另外,本发明的光纤满足G.652标准的规范。 
下面的表III和IV描述了对于对应于表II的折射率分布的传输光纤的模拟光特性。 
在表III中,第一栏再现了表II的参考。对于每个光纤分布,下面各栏给出了有效截止波长λCoff、光缆截止波长λCC、对于1310nm波长和1550nm波长的模场直径2W02、色散消除波长λ0、在λ0处的色散斜率P0、对于1550nm波长和1625nm波长的色散C。 
在表IV中,第一栏再现了表III的参考。下面的栏给出在1550nm波长处的MAC值。接下来三栏给出了在1625nm波长处对于各个弯曲半径5、11和15mm的弯曲损耗BL的值。接下来的栏对于15mm的半径给出了相对于在1550nm波长处具有相同MAC值的SSMF光纤的标准弯曲损耗进行了标准化的相对弯曲损耗。倒数第二栏给出了在1550nm波长处利用针脚阵列测试(1.5mm中有10个针脚)获得的微弯损耗。 
该测试使用直径为1.5mm并且间隔1cm的10个抛光针的阵列。光纤正交于针的轴而穿过阵列,光纤和阵列被压紧在覆盖有大约3mm的高密度聚乙烯泡沫的两个硬板之间。水平定位组合层(板、阵列、光纤),并且组合被覆盖有250g的重量。最后一栏表示在1625nm波长处使用固定直径鼓方法测量的微弯损耗。在国际电子技术委员会(在参考IEC TR-62221下的子委员会)的技术推荐中描述了该方法。所使用的鼓的直径为60cm;鼓覆盖有超细的砂纸。表示出了在1625nm波长处的弯曲损耗BL的值。 
表III 
  N0   λCoff  (μm)   λCC(μm)   2W02  1310nm  (μm2)   2W02  1550nm  (μm2)   λ0  (nm)   P0  (ps/μm2-km)   C  1550nm  (ps/μm-km)   C  1625nm  (ps/μm  -km)
  1   1.13   <1.26   9.10   10.18   1308   0.097   19.2   23.9
  2   1.23   <1.26   9.16   10.36   1312   0.091   18.1   22.9
  3   1.25   <1.26   9.01   10.13   1318   0.089   17.3   22.0
  4   1.25   <1.26   9.00   10.08   1318   0.091   17.8   22.5
表IV 
  N0   MAC  155  0nm   BL  R=5mm  1625nm  (dB/圈)   BL  R=11mm  1625nm  (dB/圈)   BL  R=15mm  1625nm  (dB/100圈)   BLrel  R=15mm  1625nm   BLμ  针脚阵列  测试  1550nm  (dB)   BLμ  鼓方法  1625nm  (dB/km)
  1   9.0   ≤5   ≤2     1/5    
  2   8.4   2   ≤0.5   ≤1   1/5   0.025   ≤0.8
  3   8.1   1   ≤0.1   ≤0.4   1/5   ≤0.025   ≤0.8
  4   8.1   1   ≤0.1   ≤0.4   1/5   ≤0.025   ≤0.8
在表III中可以看到,例子2到4确实符合G.652标准,例子1显示出稍微位于G.652标准之外的色散斜率P0。 
特别地,在例子2到4中的光纤显示出对于1300nm到1324nm之间 波长的色散消除;这是符合G.652标准的。在例子2到4中的光纤也显示出对于1310nm波长的色散斜率为0.093ps/nm2-km或者更小,这符合G.652标准。同样在例子2到4中的光纤显示出光缆截止波长为1260nm或更小,这符合G.652标准的规范,该标准要求光缆截止波长为1260nm或者更小。 
另外,在表IV中可以看到,例子2到4展示出相对于标准SSMF传输光纤的损耗明显改善的弯曲损耗。也改善了微弯损耗。 
在图3a、3b和3c中的示意图显示了对于根据本发明制造的光纤和标准光纤,在1625nm波长处弯曲半径为R=5mm、R=11mm和R=15mm时所获得的弯曲损耗测量结果。在一个圈的结束(对于R=5mm和R=11mm)或者在100圈的结束(对于R=15mm)处给出了在此的弯曲损耗。 
图4a显示了根据本发明制造的光纤的微弯损耗,其特征为:对于不同的SSFM光纤和本发明的光纤,相对于在1500nm波长处的MAC值,采用针脚测试并在1500nm波长处进行测量。 
图4b显示了对于具有在1550nm波长处MAC值分别为8.11和8.31的SSM光纤和本发明光纤,相对于波长,使用固定直径鼓测试的微弯损耗。 
同样,图4a和4b中的示意图明确地显示了本发明光纤对于微弯的灵敏度相对于SSMF对于微弯的灵敏度明显减少。在图4a中可以看到,对于在1550nm波长处MAC值为8.44的本发明光纤所测量的微弯损耗(针脚阵列测试)为0.025dB,而它们比具有相同MAC值的SSMF光纤高十倍。在图4b中也可以看到,与对于在1550nm波长处具有较大MAC值的SSMF光纤的微弯损耗相比,对于本发明光纤的微弯损耗随波长明显更慢地增加。在该示意图中,可以看到,本发明的光纤保证了对于微弯损耗的灵敏度一直到长的波长,即大于1650nm,其等效于可以为SSMF光纤保证的灵敏度,直到1550nm波长。 
可以通过拉制具有上述折射率分布之一的预制棒来制造本发明的传输光纤。例如可以由硅套筒来制作所述预制棒分布,在硅套筒中积淀有掺杂硅层。通过上面提及的等离子体化学蒸汽积淀(PCVD)型积淀方法来进行积淀。通过等离子体激励的蒸汽形式的化学积淀特别适合于获得本发明光纤的埋置内包层,该埋置包层包含重量浓度为0.5%到7%之间的锗。锗的重量浓度优选地为0.5%到1.5%之间,因为这一方面允许在制造的较低成本和更容易性之间进行最佳平衡,以及另一方面允许良好光纤特性。
提供纯硅管,并且将其安装在车床上。然后,使管旋转,并且将硅石和掺杂剂的气体混合物注入管中。该管通过微波空腔,在该空腔中,局部地加热气体混合物。微波加热通过离子化注入管中的气体来产生等离子体,并且离子化的掺杂剂与硅颗粒强烈地反应,以使得在管的内侧上积淀掺杂硅层。 
通过微波加热的掺杂剂的强烈反应使得可以在硅层并入高浓度掺杂剂。特别对于氟(其很难利用局部燃烧器加热来并入硅),PCVD技术允许硅层掺杂有高浓度的氟,以形成深埋层。 
在本发明的范围内,通过积淀掺杂有氟和锗的硅层来获得第二埋置包层;将包括包含氧的O2、包含硅的SiCl4、包含氟的C2F6以及包含锗的GeO2的气体混合物注入管中。在PCVD安装的微波空腔中离子化气体混合物,将氟和锗离子并入在硅颗粒中。 
监控注入气体的比例,使得获得掺杂硅层,包含重量浓度为0.5%到7%的锗,以及获得目标折射率所要求的浓度的氟。 
高浓度的氟确保了所要求的埋置包层折射率的减少,并且低浓度的锗导致粘度和弹性光系数的变化,其被要求来减少所获得的光纤的弯曲损耗和微弯损耗。 
根据本发明的传输光纤可以使用在FTTH或者FTTC系统的传输和接收模块中或者使用在高速并且长距离光传输光缆中。本发明的光缆与市场上的系统相兼容,因为它符合G.652标准。具体地,根据本发明的过长的光纤可以缠绕在与FTTH或者FTTC系统的光模块相关联的存储盒中,根据本发明的光纤可以利用小于15mm的弯曲半径缠绕,或者甚至小于5mm,没有导致强的光损耗。根据本发明的光纤也可适合于支持与在各个家庭中的安装相关的偶然弯曲,具有范围低至5mm的弯曲半径。 
明显地,本发明不局限于作为例子描述的实施例。特别地,如果不同于PCVD的制造方法允许根据所要求保护的比例和折射率差来在埋置层中并入锗,则可以考虑该方法。另外,根据本发明的光纤也可以使用在不同于FTTH或者FTTC的应用中。 

Claims (17)

1.一种光传输光纤,包括:
中心核,具有与外光包层的折射率差Δn1
第一内包层,具有与所述外光包层的折射率差Δn2
第二埋置内包层,其与所述外光包层的折射率差Δn3小于-3×10-3
其特征在于,
所述第二内包层包含重量浓度为0.5%到7%之间的锗,其中所述第二埋置包层的半径r3为12μm到25μm之间,
所述中心核的半径r1为3.5μm到4.5μm之间,并且与所述外光包层的折射率差Δn1为4.2×10-3到6.1×10-3之间,
所述第一内包层的半径r2为7.5μm到14.5μm之间,并且与所述外光包层的折射率差Δn2为-1.2×10-3到1.2×10-3之间,
所述第二内包层与所述外包层的折射率差Δn3大于-15×10-3
所述中心核和所述第一内包层之间的折射率差(Δn1-Δn2)在3.9×10-3到5.9×10-3之间,
所述中心核的积分定义为:
Figure FFW00000044672800011
该积分在17×10-3μm到24×10-3μm之间,以及
所述中心核的半径r1/所述第一内包层的半径r2在0.27到0.5之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光纤,其特征在于:在1310nm波长处,该光纤具有0.093ps/nm2-km或者更小的色散斜率。
3.根据权利要求1所述的光纤,其特征在于:所述光纤在1300nm到1324nm之间的波长处展示出色散消除。
4.根据权利要求1所述的光纤,其特征在于:所述光纤具有1260nm或者更小的光缆截止波长。
5.根据权利要求1所述的光纤,其特征在于:在1625nm波长处,对于围绕15mm弯曲半径100圈的缠绕,所述光纤显示出1dB或者更小的弯曲损耗。
6.根据权利要求1所述的光纤,其特征在于:在1625nm波长处,对于围绕11mm弯曲半径一圈的缠绕,所述光纤显示出0.5dB或者更小的弯曲损耗。
7.根据权利要求1所述的光纤,其特征在于:在1625nm波长处,对于围绕5mm弯曲半径一圈的缠绕,所述光纤显示出2dB或者更小的弯曲损耗。
8.根据权利要求1所述的光纤,其特征在于:一直到1625nm波长,所述光纤显示出通过所谓的固定直径鼓方法测量的微弯损耗为0.8dB/km或者更小。
9.根据权利要求1所述的光纤,其特征在于:所述第二埋置内包层包含重量浓度为0.5%到1.5%之间的锗。
10.一种光模块,包括一个箱室,用于至少容纳根据权利要求1到12任意一个所述的光纤的缠绕部分。
11.根据权利要求10的光模块,其中以小于15mm的弯曲半径卷起所述光纤。
12.根据权利要求10的光模块,其中以小于11mm的弯曲半径缠绕所述光纤。
13.一种存储盒,用于至少容纳根据权利要求1到12任意一个所述的光纤的缠绕部分。
14.根据权利要求13的存储盒,其中以小于15mm的弯曲半径卷起所述光纤。
15.根据权利要求13的存储盒,其中以小于11mm的弯曲半径缠绕所述光纤。
16.一种光纤入户或者光纤到路边光系统,包括至少一个根据权利要求10到12任意一个所述的光模块。
17.一种光纤入户或者光纤到路边光系统,包括至少一个根据权利要求13到15任意一个所述的存储盒。
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CN1982928A (zh) 2007-06-20
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ATE467142T1 (de) 2010-05-15
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US8837889B2 (en) 2014-09-16
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EP1785754A1 (en) 2007-05-16
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FR2893149B1 (fr) 2008-01-11
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