CN1978977A - Supersonic guide-wave time reversion detection apparatus and method for defect of pipeline - Google Patents
Supersonic guide-wave time reversion detection apparatus and method for defect of pipeline Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to pipeline defect ultrasound guided wave time reversal detection device and method. The method includes the following steps: selecting detecting frequency according to the detected pipeline corresponding free hollow column structure group velocity dispersion curve; inputting the frequency into the arbitrary function generator to generate center frequency used as single sound signal; sending the signal to each passage of exciting/receiving set to transducer unit; exciting longitudinal axis symmetry guided wave modal; sending the reflected signal to the computer and gaining reversal excitation signal by time reversal; repeatedly exciting guided signal to detect. The invention realize space and time focus for guided wave detection, greatly improve detection capability for little defect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of supersonic guide-wave time reversion detection apparatus and method of defect of pipeline, belong to the non-destructive inspection field.
Background technique
Pipeline is being brought into play irreplaceable effect as the important component part of production system, transportation and manufacturing equipment in industries such as machinery, oil, chemical industry, food and town water supplies.Yet pipeline is through long service, and the pipeline leakage that causes owing to reasons such as burn into wearing and tearing, accidental injuries happens occasionally, and causes great loss to the country and people.Therefore, it is extremely urgent to greatly develop the pipe detection technology.
Supersonic guide-wave has along path of propagation decay little, the characteristics that propagation length is far away, and the Global Information between can also comprising in testing signal from the point of excitation to the acceptance point is fit to long-distance pipe very much, and the defect of pipeline of water-filling, band clad detects.Existing guided wave detects and adopts detection device as shown in Figure 2 usually, this device comprises a signal excitation passage that is made of arbitrary-function generator, power amplifier module and change-over switch module, the output terminal of this passage is that change-over switch module can link to each other with the some sensor units in the longitudinal sensor array, also can link to each other with each sensor unit simultaneously.Simultaneously, change-over switch module also links to each other with oscillograph, computer successively.
When selecting for use as shown in Figure 2 device to detect, detecting method is as follows:
Choose the detection frequency at first according to the corresponding free open column shape structure group speed dispersion curve of external diameter, wall thickness, density calculation and the detected pipeline of detected pipeline, and according to this curve.Then with selected detection frequency input arbitrary-function generator, arbitrary-function generator generates single audio signal, this signal is after power amplifier module amplifies, transfer to one or more sensor units in the longitudinal wave guide sensor array simultaneously by change-over switch module again, excitation longitudinal shaft symmetry guided wave modal in pipeline.If defectiveness exists, serious MODAL TRANSFORMATION OF A phenomenon takes place after then encouraging guided wave modal to run into ducted defective, and the reflection Flaw echo.By the sensor unit in the longitudinal wave guide sensor array end face echo and flaw echoes that receive, that comprise different guided wave modals, successively the change-over switch module in the signal excitation passage, oscillograph, send computer 6 etc. pending.In computer 6, the signal that each sensor unit is received directly superposes, and obtains final detection waveform.
Because this device has only a signal excitation passage, this has just determined to have only at one time identical signal to be encouraged by one or more sensor units, and this motivational techniques have greatly limited the flexibility of guided wave detecting method.
Existing guided wave detecting method adopts the guided wave of the approximate single mode of excitation to be used for defects detection usually, but because guided wave has multi-modal characteristic, also energy can be disperseed in the MODAL TRANSFORMATION OF A phenomenon that fault location takes place, make the amplitude of each mode defect waves bag all smaller, cause difficulty little defect recognition.If improve detected energy by the periodicity that increases excitation pulse merely, then can extend, and bring the difficulty of waveform identification owing to dispersion phenomenon is gone up the reflected back wave-wave time that wraps in.Have not yet to see pertinent literature this problem is proposed resolution policy preferably.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency that exists in the existing guided wave detection technology, propose a kind of defect of pipeline supersonic guide-wave nondestructive detecting method based on theory time reversal.This detecting method is utilized the concentrated characteristic of time reversal on time, space, and detected energy is focused on defective locations, improves the ability that detects of little defective.
The supersonic guide-wave time reversion detecting method that the present invention proposes, its basic principle is:
According to huyghens principle, during the guided wave defects detection, the existence of a defective is just as a new passive guided wave source, and it also can produce many new conversion mode in reflection excitation guided wave modal.If defective locations is defined as (z
o, θ
o, r
o), as shown in Figure 1, at pipeline (z
i, θ
i, r
i) locate to receive, the wave field that is produced by this passive wave source of defective can be described as: P
(zo, θ o, ro)(z
i, θ
i, r
i, t).Because ripple communication satisfaction reciprocal theorem in pipeline, therefore, it is equivalent to same wave source and is positioned at (z
i, θ
i, θ
i), Check point is positioned at (z
o, θ
o, r
o) time wave field that receives: P
(zi, θ i, ri)(Z
o, θ
o, r
i, t).That is:
P to received signal
(zo, θ o, ro)(z
i, θ
i, r
i, t) in time T, carry out obtaining time reversal: P
(zo, θ o, ro)(z
i, θ
i, r
i, T-t is then at (z
i, θ
i, r
i) locate to encourage this reverse signal again, at (z
o, θ
o, r
o) locate to receive.The waveform that receives is described as:
a
i(z
o, θ
o, r
o, t) reach peak value during for T in the propagation time.Be that energy will focus on defective locations after the time reverse signal is encouraged again.
The present invention has adopted following technological scheme.This device mainly includes longitudinal wave guide sensor array 4, oscillograph 5, computer 6, guided wave multichannel excitation/reception unit 7.Guided wave multichannel excitation/reception unit 7 includes N identical passage, and each passage has included arbitrary-function generator 1, power amplifier module 2, change-over switch module 3, and arbitrary-function generator 1 links to each other with change-over switch module 3 by power amplifier module 2.Computer 6 links to each other with the input end of the arbitrary-function generator 1 of each passage respectively; The output terminal of each passage is that the sensor I/O end of change-over switch module 3 and each sensor unit in the longitudinal wave guide sensor array 4 connect one to one, unit number in the longitudinal wave guide sensor array 4 is identical with passage number N, the output of the change-over switch module 3 of each passage links to each other successively with certain passage of oscillograph 5, and oscillograph 5 is connected with computer 6.
The function of each module is as follows:
Each sensor unit output that guided wave multichannel excitation/reception unit 7 can be in the longitudinal sensor array 4 is identical, or different separately excitation pulses.Wherein arbitrary-function generator module 1 can have the excitation pulse in certain CF center frequency and cycle according to the pipe parameter of input and automatic generation of energizing frequency of selection, also exportable default excitation pulse from computer, form by high-performance single-chip microcomputer and high speed D/A switch chip, also can constitute by dsp chip.The waveform that power amplifier module 2 is produced arbitrary-function generator module 1 carries out signal and amplifies, and is made of preamplifier and integrated power amplifier.The function of change-over switch module 3 then is in testing process, to reach certain sensor unit in the longitudinal sensor array 4 through the high voltage guided wave excitation pulse more than the 70V that power amplifier module 2 amplifies by concentric cable, and the light current that this unit is received presses reflected signal to give oscillograph 5 to show and preserve.
Oscillograph 5 is signal reception, demonstration and puocessing module with computer 6.Oscillograph 5 shows the signal that receives, preserve, and is transferred to computer 6; Computer 6 generates the counter-rotating excitation pulse according to the algorithm of time reversal on the one hand, and be transferred to function generator 1, can analyze detected time domain waveform on the other hand, judge according to having or not of defect reflection echo whether defective exists, and further determine the position of defective according to the time of defect reflection echo.
The supersonic guide-wave time reversion detecting method that the present invention proposes, this kind method is carried out according to the following steps:
1) determines external diameter, wall thickness, the density of detected pipeline, calculate and the corresponding free open column shape structure group speed dispersion curve of detected pipeline, and be used for detecting according to group velocity dispersion curve optional energizing frequency in 50～400kHz scope.
2) by what link to each other with guided wave multichannel excitation/reception unit 7, at the longitudinal wave guide sensor array 4 that the somewhere of pipeline circumference is evenly arranged, excitation L (0,2) mode guided wave is used for defects detection; Wherein, comprise N passage in the guided wave multichannel excitation/reception unit 7, and each sensor unit in each passage and the longitudinal wave guide sensor array 4 connects one to one.Concrete steps are:
With the arbitrary-function generator 1 of each passage in the selected energizing frequency input multichannel excitation/reception unit 7, it is 5～20 cycle single audio signals of selected detection frequency that arbitrary-function generator 1 generates identical CF center frequency.After the power amplifier module 2 that this signal is sent to each passage simultaneously amplifies, transfer to a certain sensor unit in the longitudinal wave guide sensor array 4 that is attached thereto, excitation longitudinal shaft symmetry guided wave modal L (0,2) in pipeline by change-over switch module 3 again.
3) if zero defect does not then have any Flaw echo and exists, detect at this point and finish.If defectiveness exists, serious MODAL TRANSFORMATION OF A phenomenon takes place after then encouraging guided wave modal to run into ducted defective, and the reflection Flaw echo.Therefore, receive by each sensor unit in the longitudinal wave guide sensor array 4, the end face echo and the flaw echoes that comprise different guided wave modals, the change-over switch module 3 of respective channel transfers to oscillograph 5 in guided wave multichannel excitation/reception unit 7, and send computer 6 etc. pending.
4) by the method for time counter-rotating, the testing signal that each passage obtains in 6 pairs of guided wave multichannels of computer excitation/reception unit 7 carries out signal processing respectively, to obtain the counter-rotating excitation pulse.Wherein, obtain the counter-rotating excitation pulse method be to carry out signal processing according to the following steps:
Choose the rectangular window that window width is T, the signal that each passage is obtained all adopts the rectangular window of same window width to intercept, and the start time of intercepting is identical.
In the signal that intercepting passage i receives, field wave bag and the Flaw echo waveform P between the pipeline end face echo ripple bag for the first time
i(t).Then, it is carried out obtaining time reversal waveform P
i(T-t), this waveform will be outputted as counter-rotating excitation pulse f
i(t).Wherein i represents channel number, i=1, and 2 ... N, N are the passage number.
5) the counter-rotating excitation pulse of computer 6 each passage that will obtain is delivered to corresponding passage in the guided wave multichannel excitation/reception unit 7 respectively, encourages guided wave signals to be used for detecting again by the longitudinal wave guide sensor array 4 that is attached thereto: signal f
i(t) deliver to the arbitrary-function generator 1 of passage i after, amplify through power amplifier module 2, transfer to sensor unit i in the longitudinal wave guide sensor array 4 that links to each other with this passage by change-over switch module 3 again, encourage simultaneously by each sensor unit.
6) if defectiveness existence, then the defect detection signal a that receives by longitudinal wave guide sensor unit i
i(t), be sent to the change-over switch module in the respective channel 3 in the multichannel excitation/reception unit 7, transfer to oscillograph 5 then and receive and show, it is pending to deliver to computer 6 etc. by oscillograph 5 again.
7) computer 6 testing signal a that N passage received respectively
i(t) directly superpose, obtain final detection waveform:
8) read wherein L (0 by this detection waveform, 2) field wave bag, Flaw echo ripple bag and pipeline end face echo ripple bag, determine time lag t between Flaw echo and the field wave bag by the crest position, multiply by L (0 under the energizing frequency that obtains by dispersion curve, 2) mode velocity of wave v, can obtain defective apart from the axial distance of longitudinal wave guide sensor array 4 is: l=v*t/2, realize the axially locating of defective.
Comprise N passage in the described guided wave multichannel excitation/reception unit 7, each passage is made up of arbitrary-function generator 1, power amplifier module 2, change-over switch module 3.Described longitudinal wave guide sensor array 4 constitutes along the equally distributed longitudinal wave guide sensor of pipe circumference by N; The passage number is identical with the sensor number, and connects one to one, and number many detections effect more is good more, and N 〉=8.
The rectangular window T of described signal intercepting, window width T should should guarantee that simultaneously this rectangular window can intercept the Flaw echo ripple bag of at least one mode smaller or equal to the time lag between field wave bag and the first time end face echo ripple bag, the big more detection effect of T is good more.
The present invention mainly has the following advantages: the method for (1) time reversal has realized that guided wave detects focusing in time, has removed the frequency dispersion effect of guided wave modal, has improved the readability of signal; (2) method of time reversal has realized that guided wave detects focusing spatially, and the energy of a plurality of guided wave modals is focused on fault location simultaneously, and detected energy is increased, and the ability that detects of little defective is significantly increased; (3) each sensor unit in the longitudinal sensor array all links to each other with excitation/receive path independently, makes the excitation of testing signal have very big flexibility.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 frame of reference schematic representation
Fig. 2 has the detection device schematic diagram now
Fig. 3 detection device schematic diagram of the present invention
Among the figure: 1, arbitrary-function generator, 2, power amplifier module, 3, change-over switch module, 4, the longitudinal wave guide sensor array, 5, oscillograph, 6, computer, 7, guided wave multichannel excitation/reception unit;
Fig. 4 detecting method schematic flow sheet
Fig. 5 hollow cylinder (external diameter 70mm, wall thickness 3.5mm) group velocity dispersion curve
The different situations time-history curves that Fig. 6 numerical experiment obtains
(a) simulate traditional guided wave detecting method, the time-history curves (outer diameter tube 70mm, wall thickness 3.5mm, penetrating shear crack inclination angle 45 degree, long 35mm, wide 2mm, energizing frequency 140kHz) that the axial displacement signal that each sensor of circumference is obtained directly superposes and obtains;
(b) simulate traditional guided wave detecting method, the time-history curves (outer diameter tube 70mm, wall thickness 3.5mm, the long 5mm of penetrating circumference crackle, wide 1mm energizing frequency 140kHz) that the axial displacement signal that each sensor of circumference is obtained directly superposes and obtains;
(c) the testing signal time-history curves that the time reversal of obtaining with the 0.6ms rectangular window, excitation pulse obtained (outer diameter tube 70mm, wall thickness 3.5mm, penetrating shear crack inclination angle 45 degree, long 35mm, wide 2mm, energizing frequency 140kHz);
(d) the testing signal time-history curves (outer diameter tube 70mm, wall thickness 3.5mm, the long 5mm of penetrating circumference crackle, wide 1mm energizing frequency 140kHz) that time reversal, excitation pulse obtained that obtains with the 0.6ms rectangular window;
(e) the testing signal time-history curves that the time reversal of obtaining with the 0.06ms rectangular window, excitation pulse obtained (outer diameter tube 70mm, wall thickness 3.5mm, penetrating shear crack inclination angle 45 degree, long 35mm, wide 2mm, energizing frequency 140kHz);
Fig. 7 acquisition time reverse signal schematic representation
(a) be the signal a ' that the rectangular window of T obtains passage i with window width
i(t) carry out the intercepting of flaw echoes.
(b) intercept signal before each channel time counter-rotating and the counter-rotating excitation pulse schematic representation after time reversal;
Defective L (0, the 2) modal reflectivity (outer diameter tube 70mm, wall thickness 3.5mm, energizing frequency 140kHz) of the different defect detection signals that Fig. 8 numerical experiment obtains, anti-window width is 0.6ms in the time of wherein.
Embodiment
Describe present embodiment in detail below in conjunction with Fig. 1～Fig. 8.
For realizing this method, the present invention adopts detection device as shown in Figure 3.Guided wave multichannel excitation/reception unit 7 comprises N identical passage, and each passage all comprises arbitrary-function generator 1, power amplifier module 2 and change-over switch module 3.Computer 6 links to each other by the input end of the arbitrary-function generator 1 in netting twine and each passage, the output terminal of arbitrary-function generator 1 connects the input end of power amplifier module 2, the output terminal of power amplifier module 2 is connected with the input end of change-over switch module 3, linked to each other with certain unit in the longitudinal wave guide sensor array 4 by the sensor I/O end of change-over switch module 3, wherein the number of unit is identical with N in the longitudinal wave guide sensor array 4 again; The output of change-over switch module 3 then is connected to certain passage of oscillograph 5, and oscillograph 5 is connected by the serial ports of serial ports with computer 6.
Provide following numerical experiment example below in conjunction with content of the present invention:
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 3, the pipeline of simulating in this numerical value experimental example is long 1.8m, external diameter 70mm, the steel pipe of wall thickness 3.5mm.Density is 7932kg/m
3, longitudinal wave velocity is 5960m/s, transverse wave speed is 3260m/s.
With detect apart from pipeline excitation end 720mm place, long 35mm, wide 2mm, and the angle of pipeline axial direction be that the testing process of 45 ° shear crack defective is an example, be described as follows.
1), calculates the group velocity dispersion curve, as shown in Figure 5 according to pipe parameter.Choosing 140kHz is energizing frequency, by adding the sinusoidal axial displacement load of Hanning window on nearer 48 nodes of pipe end of defective, loading 5 cycles simultaneously, simulate 48 passage guided wave multichannel excitation/reception units 7, and in the longitudinal wave guide sensor array 4 that is attached thereto along equally distributed each the longitudinal wave guide sensor of circumference, realize the excitation of L (0,2) mode.Simulation receives axial displacement signal a ' along the equally distributed guided wave sensor array 4 of circumference on 48 nodes of circumference of distance excitation place 3mm
i(t) be used for analyzing.
2) in computer 6, with each axial displacement signal a ' of 48 nodes receptions
i(t) directly superpose, obtain to utilize former testing signal A ' that traditional guided wave detecting method obtains (t), shown in Fig. 6 (a).
3) calculate former testing signal A ' (t) in the field wave bag be about 0.6ms with time lag between the end face echo ripple bag for the first time, the rectangular window of selecting T=0.60ms begins to intercept defect reflection echo signal the signal of 48 nodes receptions from identical start time.Shown in Fig. 7 (a), each intercept signal f '
i(t) comprised L (0,2) reflected back wave-wave bag and great majority conversion modal waves bag in, wherein i refers to that signal is taken at i node.
4) shown in Fig. 7 (b), to each intercept signal f '
i(t) reverse by the method for time counter-rotating, excitation pulse f obtains reversing
i(t), f
i(t)=f '
i(T-t).
The excitation pulse f that respectively reverses that 5) will obtain
i(t) excitation simultaneously once more on the node i of correspondence again, anti-ballistic ripple detects during simulated time; On 48 nodes of circumference of distance excitation place 3mm, receive axial displacement signal a again
i(t) be used for analyzing.
6) each axial displacement signal a that 48 nodes are received again
i(t) directly superpose, obtain final testing signal A (t), shown in Fig. 6 (c).By the time lag between testing signal L (0,2) field wave bag crest and the defect waves bag crest, L when multiply by 140kHz (0,2) mode group velocity can obtain the distance of defective apart from the excitation end divided by 2 again.
7) number of winning the confidence A ' (t) in defect reflection echo ripple bag maximum amplitude obtain defective L (0, the 2) modal reflectivity of former testing signal divided by field wave bag maximum amplitude; Defect reflection echo ripple bag maximum amplitude obtains defective L (0, the 2) modal reflectivity of testing signal time reversal among the number of the winning the confidence A (t) divided by field wave bag maximum amplitude.
In order to last method in the same pipeline, apart from pipeline excitation end 720mm place, long 35mm, wide 2mm circumference crack defect, axial crack defective; Long 5mm, wide 1mm circumference crack defect detects respectively, and calculates corresponding reflectivity, and the result is as shown in Figure 8.Numerical result shows with after time reversal, method was applied to the guided wave detection little defective is had the detection effect that obviously is better than traditional guided wave detecting method.
Embodiment 2:
From embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 as can be seen, method can be optimized guided wave and detected effect time reversal, and optimized effect along with the increase of signal intercepting rectangle window width and strengthen.
Claims (5)
1, the supersonic guide-wave time reversion detection apparatus of defect of pipeline, mainly include longitudinal wave guide sensor array (4), oscillograph (5), computer (6), it is characterized in that: also include guided wave multichannel excitation/reception unit (7), guided wave multichannel excitation/reception unit (7) includes N identical passage, each passage has included arbitrary-function generator (1), power amplifier module (2), change-over switch module (3), and arbitrary-function generator (1) links to each other with change-over switch module (3) by power amplifier module (2); Computer (6) links to each other with the input end of the arbitrary-function generator (1) of each passage respectively, the output terminal of each passage is that the sensor I/O end of change-over switch module (3) and each sensor unit in the longitudinal wave guide sensor array (4) connect one to one, unit number in the longitudinal wave guide sensor array (4) is identical with passage number N, the output of the change-over switch module of each passage (3) links to each other with oscillograph 5, and oscillograph 5 is connected with computer 6.
2, the supersonic guide-wave time reversion detecting method of defect of pipeline, this method realizes according to the following steps:
1) determines external diameter, wall thickness, the density of detected pipeline, calculate and the corresponding free open column shape structure group speed dispersion curve of detected pipeline, and select an energizing frequency to be used for detecting according to the group velocity dispersion curve;
2) with the arbitrary-function generator (1) of each passage in the selected detection frequency input guided wave multichannel excitation/reception unit (7), it is 5～20 cycle single audio signals of selected detection frequency that arbitrary-function generator (1) generates same CF center frequency, after this signal is delivered to power amplifier module (2) in each passage simultaneously and is amplified, transfer to a certain sensor unit in the longitudinal wave guide sensor array (4) that is attached thereto by change-over switch module (3) again, excitation longitudinal shaft symmetry guided wave modal L (0,2) in pipeline;
3) if zero defect does not then have any Flaw echo and exists, detect at this point and finish; If defectiveness exists, then receive end face echo and the flaw echoes that comprises different guided wave modals by each sensor unit in the longitudinal wave guide sensor array (4), the change-over switch module (3) of this signal respective channel in guided wave multichannel excitation/reception unit (7) transfers to oscillograph (5), and send computer (6) etc. pending;
It is characterized in that this method has also been carried out following processing:
4) by the method for time counter-rotating, computer (6) carries out signal processing respectively to the testing signal that each passage obtains, to obtain the counter-rotating excitation pulse; Wherein, the method for obtaining the counter-rotating excitation pulse is carried out according to the following steps:
Choose the rectangular window that window width is T, the signal that each passage is obtained all adopts the rectangular window of this window width to carry out the signal intercepting, and the start time of intercepting is identical;
Field wave bag in the signal that intercepting passage i receives and the Flaw echo waveform P between the pipeline end face echo ripple bag for the first time
i(t), then, it is carried out obtaining time reversal waveform P
i(T-t), this waveform will be outputted as counter-rotating excitation pulse f
i(t); Wherein i represents channel number, i=1, and 2 ... N, N are the passage number;
5) the counter-rotating excitation pulse f of computer (6) each passage that will obtain
i(t) deliver to corresponding passage in the guided wave multichannel excitation/reception unit (7) respectively, encourage guided wave signals to be used for detecting again by the longitudinal wave guide sensor array (4) that is attached thereto, i.e. signal f
i(t) deliver to the arbitrary-function generator (1) of passage i, again after power amplifier module (2) amplifies, transfer to the sensor unit i in the longitudinal wave guide sensor array (4) that links to each other with this passage by change-over switch module (3), each sensor unit encourages simultaneously;
6) if defectiveness existence, then the defect detection signal a that receives by longitudinal wave guide sensor unit i
i(t), be sent to the change-over switch module (3) in the respective channel in the multichannel excitation/reception unit (7), transfer to oscillograph (5) then and receive and show, it is pending to deliver to computer (6) etc. by oscillograph (5) again; Wherein: i=1,2 ... N, N are the passage number;
7) computer (6) testing signal a that N passage received respectively
i(t) directly superpose, obtain final detection waveform:
8) read wherein L (0 by this detection waveform, 2) field wave bag, Flaw echo ripple bag and pipeline end face echo ripple bag, determine time lag t between Flaw echo and the field wave bag by the crest position, multiply by the L (0 under selected detection frequency that obtains by dispersion curve, 2) mode velocity of wave v can obtain defective and apart from the axial distance of longitudinal wave guide sensor array (4) is: l=v*t/2.
3, the supersonic guide-wave time reversion detecting method of defect of pipeline according to claim 1 is characterized in that: passage number N 〉=8 in the described guided wave multichannel excitation/reception unit (7).
4, the supersonic guide-wave time reversion detecting method of defect of pipeline according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described sensor is piezoelectric supersonic probe, electromagnetism guided wave probe or single crystal probe.
5, the supersonic guide-wave time reversion detecting method of defect of pipeline according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the window width T of described rectangular window should guarantee simultaneously that smaller or equal to field wave bag and time lag between the end face echo ripple bag for the first time this rectangular window can intercept the Flaw echo ripple bag of at least one mode.
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