CN103389339A - Large-caliber thick-wall pipeline defect location method based on time-reversal circumferential Lamb waves - Google Patents

Large-caliber thick-wall pipeline defect location method based on time-reversal circumferential Lamb waves Download PDF

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CN103389339A
CN103389339A CN2013103093906A CN201310309390A CN103389339A CN 103389339 A CN103389339 A CN 103389339A CN 2013103093906 A CN2013103093906 A CN 2013103093906A CN 201310309390 A CN201310309390 A CN 201310309390A CN 103389339 A CN103389339 A CN 103389339A
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defect
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reversal
circumferential
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CN103389339B (en
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刘增华
徐庆龙
龚裕
何存富
吴斌
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Beijing University of Technology
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Beijing University of Technology
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Abstract

The invention relates to a large-caliber thick-wall pipeline defect location method based on time-reversal circumferential Lamb waves. According to the method, a defect in a pipeline is regarded as a wave source, and scattered signals generated by interaction of the circumferential Lamb waves and the defect are regarded to be sent by the wave source. The scattered signals are secondarily excited by a multi-channel sensor after the scattered signals are accepted, intercepted and inverted by the multi-channel sensor, thereby achieving detection of small defects in a large-caliber thick-wall pipeline. Bu utilization of the time-reversal focusing principle, the signals surely focus on the position of the wave source (namely the defect), and therefore defect echo signals with high amplitudes are generated, and existence of the defect can be determined based on the defect echo signals. Meanwhile, according to compensation characteristics of time reversal to circumferential Lamb wave frequency dispersion and multimoding effects, the direct signals will focus partly, and defect circumferential location of the large-caliber thick-wall pipeline is achieved by using the time for direct signal focusing as the time reference. The process can be achieved by two manners as follows: detection by utilization of a sensor array and a multichannel signal excitation reception system; and detection by utilization of a pair of sensors and a single-channel signal excitation reception system. The method solves problems, namely difficulty in finding the time reference, difficulty in locating defects, and the like, in time-reversal ultrasonic detection.

Description

The heavy caliber thick wall pipeline defect positioning method of the circumferential Lamb ripple of a kind of time-based counter-rotating
Technical field
The present invention relates to heavy caliber thick wall pipeline defects detection localization method, belong to the Ultrasonic Nondestructive field.Relate in particular to the heavy caliber thick wall pipeline defect positioning method of the circumferential Lamb ripple of a kind of time-based counter-rotating.
Background technology
The ratio that thick-walled pipe refers to external diameter and wall thickness is less than 20 tubular steel structure.Large-sized heavy-wall tube is widely used in fields such as oil, chemical industry and thermal power generation, because pipeline is operated in high temperature and high pressure environment and the easy contact corrosion medium of pipe inside and outside wall, various ways in use easily occurring lost efficacy and caused leakage accident, causes serious environmental pollution accident and heavy economic losses.Therefore, find a kind of reliable, efficient, low-cost defect detecting technique that is applicable to the heavy caliber thick wall pipeline, in time find tiny flaw in posted sides pipeline, avoid or reduce relevant accident seeming very important.
Ultrasonic guided wave detection technology has that sensing range is large, the efficiency high, is particularly suitable for the health detection on a large scale of the waveguides such as plate, pipe, bar.Wherein, the pipeline longitudinal wave guide take longitudinal mode and mode of flexural vibration as representative is widely applied in small-bore long distance pipeline detects, and it effectively detects distance can reach tens of rice.Yet, longitudinal wave guide also is not suitable for the detection of large-sized heavy-wall tube road: on the one hand,, in order to motivate comparatively pure longitudinal mode, usually need to circumferentially uniformly-spaced be arranged symmetrically with the sensor of some quantity along tube wall, detecting large-diameter pipe needs a large amount of sensors, and testing cost is high; On the other hand, the longitudinal wave guide quickening that decays in posted sides pipeline, propagation distance is had a greatly reduced quality.Circumferential wave guide is a kind of new technology for pipe detection of rising in recent years, is particularly useful for large diameter pipeline and detects.Circumferentially the Lamb ripple is a kind of of circumferential wave guide, and by along pipeline, circumferentially propagating, the maximum detection distance of its single is one week of pipeline.For the large diameter pipeline of all long number rice, detection efficiency is considerable, with traditional lossless detection method, compares very large advantage is arranged.Yet while utilizing the sensor that is coupling in heavy caliber thick wall pipeline outside surface to detect, circumferentially the Lamb ripple is to the tube wall tiny flaw, and especially the identification of the little defect of inwall is lower.
For addressing the above problem, the present invention proposes the heavy caliber thick wall pipeline defect positioning method of the circumferential Lamb ripple of a kind of time-based counter-rotating.Be a kind of signal processing method based on experimental implementation time reversal, can realize that the self-adaptation of multi channel signals focuses on.By ultrasonic guided wave signals is focused on defective locations, the flaw echoes amplitude can be significantly improved, and then improves the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of signal.In addition, time reversal, method can also compensate the frequency dispersion effect of guided wave, further improved ripple bag amplitude and shortened ripple bag time width, increased the identification of guided wave detection signal.At present, there is no the open research report about circumferential Lamb ripple time reversal, and time reversal longitudinal wave guide research also focus mostly in flaw echo amplitude lifting aspect, the achievement in research of longitudinal wave guide defect location is very rare for time reversal, due to time reversal pumping signal very complicated, be difficult to find one the reference time in order to location defect point.Therefore, the defect location of time-based counter-rotating focus method is urgent problem always.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the heavy caliber thick wall pipeline defect positioning method of the circumferential Lamb ripple of a kind of time-based counter-rotating.Ducted defect is considered as a wave source, and circumferentially Lamb ripple and the defect scattered signal that produces that interacts can be considered to be sent by this wave source, these scattered signals by the multichannel sensor reception, intercept and overturn after again by secondary excitation out.According to the time-reversal focusing principle, signal will focus in wave source (being defect) position, thereby produces the flaw echoes with higher magnitude, can judge thus the existence of defect according to echoed signal.Simultaneously, according to the compensation characteristic of time reversal to circumferential Lamb ripple frequency dispersion and multi-modal effect, direct signal also divides focusing with generating unit,, as time reference, has realized the circumferential location of large diameter pipeline defect.
For achieving the above object, the technological means of the present invention's employing is the heavy caliber thick wall pipeline defect positioning method of the circumferential Lamb ripple of a kind of time-based counter-rotating.This method need to be by following instrument and equipment: arbitrarily signal generating device, data acquisition system (DAS), computing machine, circumferentially Lamb wave excitation receiving sensor (or sensor array) and power amplifier (optional).Can realize this process by following two kinds of situations: application sensors array and multi channel signals excitation receiving system detect; Application pair of sensors and single channel signal excitation receiving system detect.In addition, be semi-perimeter with the maximum valid analysing range that the method obtains, as need, whole circumference is checked comprehensively, need forward and reversed arrangement sensor and carry out twice detection.
Compare with existing supersonic guide-wave method for detecting pipeline, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, the present invention is considered as a wave source with ducted defect, the scattered signal of circumferential Lamb ripple and defect interaction generation is considered as being sent by this wave source, after being received, intercept and overturn by multichannel sensor, these scattered signals, again by secondary excitation, realized that the self-adaptation of channel ultrasonic guided wave signals focuses on.
2, utilize the time-reversal focusing principle, signal will focus in wave source (being defect) position, thereby produce the flaw echoes with higher magnitude, can judge thus the existence of defect according to echoed signal, realized the detection of the little defect of heavy caliber thick wall pipeline inwall.
3, this detection method proposes a kind of defect positioning method that is applicable to the heavy caliber thick wall pipeline innovatively, has solved the problems such as time reference difficulty in Ultrasonic Detection time reversal is looked for, the difficult location of defect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that multi channel signals excitation receiving system detects schematic diagram
Fig. 2 is that single channel signal excitation receiving system detects schematic diagram
Fig. 3 is the defect location schematic diagram
Fig. 4 is the signal of reception first of inwall axial flaw
Fig. 5 receives signal the time reversal of inwall axial flaw
Fig. 6 is the hyperchannel time-reversal focusing signal of inwall axial flaw
Fig. 7 is the hyperchannel time-reversal focusing signal of outer wall corrosion defect
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below with reference to accompanying drawing.
1, application sensors array and multi channel signals excitation receiving system detect.
(1) be illustrated in figure 1 as multi channel signals excitation receiving system and detect schematic diagram, sensor array is arranged along the pipe circumference direction, in array, the distance of the sensors A of close defect and adjacent sensors should be greater than the interval of other adjacent sensors, and the circumferential distance of array and defect to be measured should not surpass half of pipeline girth.
(2) the unit A in arbitrary signal generation systems driving sensor array produces circumferential Lamb ripple signal s 1, simultaneously, the signal s that other sensing unit of multichannel collecting system acquisition receives 2And be recorded in computing machine.
(3) determine that multi channel signals intercepts scope common time reversal, this scope left margin is positioned at the finish time of each passage direct wave bag, right margin is positioned at along before the echo ripple bag in one week of pipe transmmision, and the scope that intercepts simultaneously should comprise in multi channel signals the interact ripple bag of generation of circumferentially Lamb ripple and defect.
(4) in computing machine, hyperchannel is received signal by the intercepting of the scope in (3), and the anti-pumping signal s while obtaining that overturns on time domain 3, then by the multi channel signals excitation system, be loaded on sensing unit corresponding when gathering, gather simultaneously the focus signal s that is received by unit A 4.
(5) signal s 4In obvious defect waves bag will appear, with s 2The minimum flaw echo of middle One's name is legion and amplitude is compared, and the defect waves bag of focusing is enough to distinguish mutually with noise signal, can judge accurately that defect exists, and records this ripple bag peak point time t 2.
(6) s 4In direct signal concentration of energy occurs and focus on phenomenon, can find an amplitude higher than other signals and waveform and original excitation signal s 1Very similar ripple bag, record the time t of ripple bag peak point 1.So far, can calculate defect according to formula (1) is L to the distance of unit A, and wherein v is the group velocity of the circumferential Lamb mode state that encourages, and d is half of voussoir length.
L=(t 2-t 1)*v/2-d (1)
2, application pair of sensors and single channel signal excitation receiving system detect.Based on linear superposition theorem, can realize that hyperchannel focuses on by the excitation of single channel repeatedly and collection, and by movable sensor position repeatedly to reach the effect identical with sensor array.The method refers in the time reversal process, sensor all the time as the signal excitation another one, all the time as receiving, can omit excitation and receive and use switch, and avoid the conversion operations of complexity.It is emphasized that: the dedicated trigger passage that should adopt the single channel excitation system, guarantee that acquisition system is started working when first point of waveform signal sends arbitrarily, and then the synchronism while guaranteeing that each channel receiving signal merges, the method reduces its complicated operation degree by improving the time reversal method.Concrete operation step is as follows.
(1) be illustrated in figure 2 as single channel signal excitation receiving system and detect schematic diagram, two sensors are arranged along the pipe circumference direction, all the time be used as driver near the defect sensors A, another one sensor B is all the time as inductor, the distance of A and B should meet repeatedly equidistantly mobile requirement, and two sensors and defect to be measured are positioned at pipeline semi-perimeter scope.
(2) arbitrary signal generation systems driving sensor A produces circumferential Lamb ripple signal s 1, simultaneously, the signal that acquisition system pick-up transducers B receives.Movable sensor B in preset range, determine that multi channel signals intercepts scope common time reversal, its require with during application sensors array and multi channel signals excitation receiving system detect (3) go on foot consistent.
(3) adopt the signal in (2) to intercept scope, implement a single channel defects detection time reversal operation, obtain respectively and receive first signal s 21, the time anti-pumping signal s 31With the time reversal connection receive s 41.
(4) equidistantly movable sensor B, to n-1 diverse location, and repeats that above-mentioned steps (3) is middle to be operated n-1 time, obtains one group of signal: s 2i, s 3iAnd s 4i, i=2 wherein, 3 ... n.
(5) by formula (2) calculate hyperchannel time-reversal focusing signal s 4.
s 4 = Σ i = 1 n s 4 i - - - ( 2 )
(6) analysis and computation process and application sensors array and multi channel signals excitation receiving system (5) detected are identical with (6).
Be illustrated in figure 3 as the defect location schematic diagram, for convenience of description, tubular-shaped structures be reduced to plate structure, sensor arrangement as shown in the figure.Wherein, circumferentially frequency dispersion and the multi-modal effect of Lamb ripple are affected by two aspect factors: defect and diffusion path length.In figure, have two travel paths between sensors A and B: direct wave path 1 and defect reflection echo path 2(wherein are contained among path 2 in path 1 fully).In the time reversal process, the flaw echo of propagating along path 2 is reloaded in sensors A after by time reversal, flaw echo ripple bag during when the part of returning along original route 2 in the signal that produces has formed, reversal connection is collected mail number, the frequency dispersion that is produced by travel path obtains full remuneration, and realizes multi-modal signal focus; And for 1 part of propagating along path, the frequency dispersion that is produced by travel path obtains partial-compensation, has realized equally signal section focusing.Therefore, have the two obvious focus wave bags in place in hyperchannel receives signal time reversal, it is characterized in that ripple bag amplitude is large, signal waveform and the original excitation signal similarity higher., according to above-mentioned 2 points, be easy to accurately pick out two places and focus on, and the mistiming Δ t of two place's focal positions is corresponding to the range difference 2 Δ L of two travel paths, so can calculate L according to formula (1).
Below in conjunction with instance analysis, this inventive method is verified.
Detected object is long 630mm, external diameter 430mm, and the steel pipe of wall thickness 32mm, be processed with dissimilar defect.Detection system is comprised of DPO4054 digital oscilloscope, AFG3021B AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator), AG1016 power amplifier and industrial computer, possesses single channel excitation receiving function, therefore this example is all undertaken by the step that application pair of sensors and single channel signal excitation receiving system detect: the time-reversal focusing of simulation 5 passages; The moving interval of receiving sensor is 10mm, altogether mobile 40mm.For the synchronism that guarantees that the excitation of each passage receives, the dedicated trigger passage of AFG3021B has all been used in following test, i.e. trigger out connector TTL Output, but not adopt signalling channel to trigger; Pumping signal adopts the sinusoidal signal of the tone burst(window modulation in 5 cycles)., for different defects, provide respectively following detection example.
1, the inwall axial flaw of long 25mm, wide 1mm, dark 3mm, L=320mm.
(1) adopt " the defect detecting system general switching software of time-based inverting method " to control AFG3021B and motivate the 5 cycle sinusoidal modulation signals of 500kHz, through AG1016, be amplified to peak value 80V, with this signal loading in sensors A.Use simultaneously the reception signal of DPO4054 pick-up transducers B, and by this software, signal is uploaded to computing machine.
(2) sensor B is moved in the 40mm scope apart from the sensors A highest distance position, determine to intercept time reversal scope this moment.
(3) in software, the signal in the intercepting scope overturn and be sent to AFG3021B, and then again loading on sensors A, using equally the reception signal of DPO4054 pick-up transducers B, and by this software, signal being uploaded to computing machine.So far, single channel operation time reversal is completed.
(4) take 10mm as stepping, movable sensor B four times, keep the sensors A invariant position, and repeating step 1 and 3.Be illustrated in figure 4 as the signal of reception first of inwall axial flaw, two dotted lines in figure represent to intercept scope time reversal.Receive signal the time reversal that is illustrated in figure 5 as the inwall axial flaw.
(5) calculated the hyperchannel time-reversal focusing signal of Fig. 6 inwall axial flaw by formula (2).So far, the operation of hyperchannel time-reversal focusing is completed.
(6) as shown in Figure 6, have two obvious focus wave bags in hyperchannel time-reversal focusing signal, waveform is similar to 5 cycles.Two ripple bag peak point times were respectively t 1=196.1 μ s and t 2=398.7 μ s, the circumferential Lamb mode state velocity of wave that encourages is v=3.47mm/ μ s, and the length of the voussoir that adopts is 2d=34mm, and the distance that is calculated defect and sensors A by formula (1) is 334.5mm, actual range 320mm, positioning error 4.5%.
2, the outer wall corrosion defect of diameter 20mm, dark 2mm, L=200mm
Adopt said method to detect the outer wall corrosion defect, the hyperchannel time-reversal focusing signal of outer wall corrosion defect as shown in Figure 7.Equally, the high-visible two obvious focus wave bags in place in signal, waveform is similar to 5 cycles.Two ripple bag peak point times were respectively t 1=245.2 μ s and t 2=374.1 μ s, velocity of wave are v=3.47mm/ μ s, and the length of the voussoir that adopts is 2d=34mm, and the distance that is calculated defect and sensors A by formula (1) is 206.6mm, actual range 200mm, positioning error 3.3%.

Claims (5)

1. the heavy caliber thick wall pipeline defect positioning method of the circumferential Lamb ripple of time-based counter-rotating, it is characterized in that: realize by following dual mode, application sensors array and multi channel signals excitation receiving system detect; All sensors is arranged on same tested circumference, and sensor and other sensor nearest apart from defect keep relatively large distance, and all the other sensor pitch arrangement, and guarantee that this spacing is as far as possible little; In the time reversal process, apart from the nearest sensor of defect and all the other sensors, be in all the time different mode of operation (excitation or receive); Application pair of sensors and single channel signal excitation receiving system detect; Two sensors is arranged on same tested circumference, and the sensor near apart from defect maintains static and always work in incentive mode, and another sensor along the circumferential direction moves a plurality of positions and always works in receiving mode; Whole process need guarantee that another sensor is mobile in more among a small circle, and between two sensors, distance is relatively large.
2. require the heavy caliber thick wall pipeline defect positioning method of the circumferential Lamb ripple of described a kind of time-based counter-rotating according to right 1, it is characterized in that: application sensors array and multi channel signals excitation receiving system detect; Realize the time-reversal focusing of hyperchannel circumferential wave guide with sensor array, in array, number of sensors is greater than 2; The unit that the method comprises in following steps (1) sensor array excites circumferential wave guide, and remaining element receives guided wave signals simultaneously; (2) determine the intercepting scope of time-reversal signal, as common window time reversal of multi channel signals; (3) part of multi channel signals in the intercepting scope overturn in time domain, reload in corresponding sensing unit, the signal exciting unit in (1) is used for receiving the hyperchannel focus signal at this moment simultaneously; (4) analyze focus signal, judge whether defect exists, and further determine defective locations.
3. the heavy caliber thick wall pipeline defect positioning method of the circumferential Lamb ripple of a kind of time-based counter-rotating described according to claim 1, is characterized in that: adopt single channel signal excitation receiving system and only use pair of sensors; Adopt the dedicated trigger passage of AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator), i.e. trigger out connector TTL Output, the synchronism when guaranteeing that each channel receiving signal merges; The method includes the steps of (1) determines the intercepting scope of time-reversal signal, as common window time reversal of multi channel signals; (2) implement operation time reversal of a single channel; (3) change the receiving sensor position n time, and the repetition single channel operates same number, n time reversal〉0; (4) a plurality of single channel is received signal plus time reversal, obtain hyperchannel time-reversal focusing signal; (5) analyze focus signal, judge whether defect exists and further determine defective locations.
4. the heavy caliber thick wall pipeline defect positioning method of the according to claim 1 and 2 or 3 circumferential Lamb ripples of described a kind of time-baseds counter-rotating is characterized in that: hyperchannel intercepts scope time reversal from before the echo ripple bag in end one week to it along pipe transmmision of each passage direct wave bag; The intercepting scope should comprise in multi channel signals the interact ripple bag of generation of circumferentially Lamb ripple and defect.
5. the heavy caliber thick wall pipeline defect positioning method of according to claim 1 and 2 or the 3 or 4 circumferential Lamb ripples of described a kind of time-based counter-rotating, is characterized in that: identify two place's obvious time-reversal focusing ripple bags in signal, calculate the time to peak t of ripple bag 1And t 2, (t 2-t 1)/2 are exactly that circumferential Lamb ripple propagates into the required time of defect from sensors A; Velocity of wave v and half d of voussoir length by the corresponding mode of circumferential Lamb ripple can calculate the distance of defect to sensors A; The amplitude of first focus wave bag is maximum, and wave period number and original excitation signal approximately equal; After second focus wave contracts out present direct wave, circumferentially echo (circumferential wave guide is propagated the waveform that is received after a circle along the pipe circumference) before, except direct wave and circumferential echo, this ripple bag amplitude is maximum, and wave period number and original excitation signal approximately equal; If the implementation that adopts application pair of sensors and single channel signal excitation receiving system to detect, another of this ripple bag is characterised in that in receiving signal the time reversal of each passage, this ripple contracts out present same time location, and waveform similarity.
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