CN103389339B - A kind of large-diameter thick-walled pipeline defect positioning method based on circumference Lamb wave time reversal - Google Patents
A kind of large-diameter thick-walled pipeline defect positioning method based on circumference Lamb wave time reversal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of large-diameter thick-walled pipeline defect positioning method based on circumference Lamb wave time reversal, ducted defect is considered as a wave source by it, the scattered signal produced that circumferential Lamb wave and defect interacted is considered as being sent by this wave source, scattered signal is received by multichannel sensor, intercept and again by secondary excitation after overturning, achieve the little defects detection of large-diameter thick-walled pipeline inwall; Utilize time-reversal focusing principle, signal will focus in wave source (i.e. defect) position, thus produces the flaw echoes with higher magnitude, can judge the existence of defect with this; Simultaneously according to the compensation characteristic of time reversal to circumferential Lamb wave frequency dispersion and multi-modal effect, generating portion also focuses on by direct signal, as time reference, achieves the circumference location of large diameter pipeline defect.This process is realized: application sensors array and multi channel signals excitation receiving system detect by following two kinds of modes; Application pair of sensors and single channel signal excitation receiving system detect.This method solve the problems such as time reference difficulty in Ultrasonic Detection time reversal is looked for, the difficult location of defect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to large-diameter thick-walled pipeline defects detection localization method, belong to Ultrasonic Nondestructive field.Particularly relate to a kind of large-diameter thick-walled pipeline defect positioning method based on circumference Lamb wave time reversal.
Background technology
The tubular steel structure that the ratio that thick-walled pipe refers to external diameter and wall thickness is less than 20.Large-sized heavy-wall tube is widely used in fields such as oil, chemical industry and thermal power generation, because pipeline to be operated in high temperature and high pressure environment and the easy contact corrosion medium of pipe inside and outside wall, in use easily there is various ways lost efficacy and caused leakage accident, cause Heavy environmental pollution accident and heavy economic losses.Therefore, find a kind of reliable, efficient, the low cost defect detecting technique that are applicable to large-diameter thick-walled pipeline, tiny flaw in Timeliness coverage posted sides pipeline, avoid or reduce related accidents seeming very important.
Ultrasonic guided wave detection technology has that sensing range is large, efficiency high, is particularly suitable for the health detection on a large scale of the waveguides such as plate, pipe, bar.Wherein, the pipeline longitudinal wave guide being representative with longitudinal mode and mode of flexural vibration is widely applied in small-bore long distance pipeline detects, and its effective detecting distance can reach tens of rice.But, longitudinal wave guide is not also suitable for large-diameter thick-walled pipeline detection: on the one hand, in order to motivate comparatively pure longitudinal mode, usually needs the sensor being arranged symmetrically with some quantity along tube wall circumference at equal intervals, detect large-diameter pipe and need a large amount of sensors, testing cost is high; On the other hand, longitudinal wave guide is decayed quickening in posted sides pipeline, and propagation distance is had a greatly reduced quality.Circumferential wave guide is a kind of new technology for pipe detection of rising in recent years, is particularly useful for large diameter pipeline and detects.Circumference Lamb wave is the one of circumferential wave guide, and by propagating along pipeline circumference, the maximum detecting distance of its single is pipeline one week.For the large diameter pipeline of all long number rice, detection efficiency is considerable, has very large advantage compared with conventional lossless detection method.But when utilizing the sensor being coupling in large-diameter thick-walled pipeline outside surface to detect, circumferential Lamb wave is to tube wall tiny flaw, and especially the identification of the little defect of inwall is lower.
For solving the problem, the present invention proposes a kind of large-diameter thick-walled pipeline defect positioning method based on circumference Lamb wave time reversal.Time reversal is a kind of signal processing method based on experimental implementation, can realize the adapted local cosine transform of multi channel signals.By ultrasonic guided wave signals is focused on defective locations, flaw echoes amplitude can be significantly improved, and then improves the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of signal.In addition, time reversal, method can also compensate the frequency dispersion effect of guided wave, improved ripple bag amplitude further and shortened ripple bag time width, increased the identification of Guided waves signal.At present, there is no the open research report about circumference Lamb wave time reversal, and time reversal longitudinal wave guide research also focus mostly in flaw echo amplitude lifting aspect, for time reversal, the achievement in research of longitudinal wave guide defect location is very rare, because pumping signal time reversal is very complicated, be difficult to the reference time point finding in order to location defect.Therefore, the defect location based on time-reversal focusing method is urgent problem always.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of large-diameter thick-walled pipeline defect positioning method based on circumference Lamb wave time reversal.Ducted defect is considered as a wave source, circumferential Lamb wave and the defect scattered signal produced that interacts can be considered to be sent by this wave source, and these scattered signals are received by multichannel sensor, intercept and after overturning again by secondary excitation out.According to time-reversal focusing principle, signal will focus in wave source (i.e. defect) position, thus produces the flaw echoes with higher magnitude, can judge the existence of defect thus according to echoed signal.Meanwhile, according to the compensation characteristic of time reversal to circumferential Lamb wave frequency dispersion and multi-modal effect, generating portion also focuses on by direct signal, as time reference, achieves the circumference location of large diameter pipeline defect.
For achieving the above object, the technological means that the present invention adopts is a kind of large-diameter thick-walled pipeline defect positioning method based on circumference Lamb wave time reversal.This method needs by following instrument and equipment: arbitrarily signal generating device, data acquisition system (DAS), computing machine, circumferential Lamb wave excitation receiving sensor (or sensor array) and power amplifier (optional).This process is realized: application sensors array and multi channel signals excitation receiving system detect by following two kinds of situations; Application pair of sensors and single channel signal excitation receiving system detect.In addition, be semi-perimeter with the maximum valid analysing range that the method obtains, as need be checked whole circumference comprehensively, need forward and reversed arrangement sensor and carry out twice detection.
Compared with existing supersonic guide-wave method for detecting pipeline, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, ducted defect is considered as a wave source by the present invention, the scattered signal produced that circumferential Lamb wave and defect interacted is considered as being sent by this wave source, these scattered signals are received by multichannel sensor, intercept and again by secondary excitation after overturning, achieve the adapted local cosine transform of channel ultrasonic guided wave signals.
2, time-reversal focusing principle is utilized, signal will focus in wave source (i.e. defect) position, thus produce the flaw echoes with higher magnitude, the existence of defect can be judged thus according to echoed signal, achieve the detection of the little defect of large-diameter thick-walled pipeline inwall.
3, this detection method proposes a kind of defect positioning method being applicable to large-diameter thick-walled pipeline innovatively, solves the problems such as time reference difficulty in Ultrasonic Detection time reversal is looked for, the difficult location of defect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is multi channel signals excitation receiving system Cleaning Principle figure
Fig. 2 is single channel signal excitation receiving system Cleaning Principle figure
Fig. 3 is defect location schematic diagram
Fig. 4 is the Received signal strength first of inwall axial flaw
Fig. 5 is Received signal strength time reversal of inwall axial flaw
Fig. 6 is the hyperchannel time-reversal focusing signal of inwall axial flaw
Fig. 7 is the hyperchannel time-reversal focusing signal of outer wall corrosion defect
Embodiment
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described.
1, application sensors array and multi channel signals excitation receiving system detect.
(1) multi channel signals excitation receiving system Cleaning Principle figure is illustrated in figure 1, sensor array is arranged along pipe circumference direction, should be greater than the interval of other adjacent sensors in array near the sensors A of defect and the distance of adjacent sensors, the circumferential distance of array and defect to be measured should not exceed the half of pipeline girth.
(2) the unit A in arbitrary signal generation systems driving sensor array produces circumferential Lamb wave signal s
1, meanwhile, the signal s that other sensing unit of multichannel collecting system acquisition receives
2and record in a computer.
(3) determine that multi channel signals intercepts scope at common time reversal, this scope left margin is positioned at the finish time of each passage direct wave bag, right margin is positioned at along before the pipe transmmision echo ripple bag of a week, and the scope that simultaneously intercepts should comprise circumferential Lamb wave and defect in multi channel signals and to interact the ripple bag produced.
(4) in a computer, hyperchannel Received signal strength is intercepted by the scope in (3), and anti-pumping signal s when upset obtains in time domain
3, then be loaded on the sensing unit corresponding with when gathering by multi channel signals excitation system, gather the focus signal s received by unit A simultaneously
4.
(5) signal s
4in will there is obvious defect waves bag, with s
2middle One's name is legion and the minimum flaw echo of amplitude are compared, and the defect waves bag of focusing is enough to distinguish mutually with noise signal, can accurately judge that defect exists, and records this ripple bag peak point time t
2.
(6) s
4in direct signal there is concentration of energy and focusing phenomenon, an amplitude can be found higher than other signals and waveform and original excitation signal s
1very similar ripple bag, records the time t of ripple bag peak point
1.So far, can calculate defect to the distance of unit A according to formula (1) is L, and wherein v is the group velocity of encouraged circumferential Lamb wave mode, and d is the half of voussoir length.
L=(t
2-t
1)*v/2-d (1)
2, application pair of sensors and single channel signal excitation receiving system detect.Based on linear superposition theorem, realize hyperchannel by the excitation of repeatedly single channel with collection and focuses on, and pass through repeatedly movable sensor position to reach the effect identical with sensor array.The method refers in time reversal process, and sensor is used as signal excitation all the time and another one is used as to receive all the time, can omit excitation reception switch, and avoid complicated conversion operations.It is emphasized that: the dedicated trigger passage that should adopt single channel excitation system, guarantee that acquisition system is started working while any waveform signal first point sends, and then synchronism when ensureing that each channel receiving signal merges, the method reduces its complicated operation degree by improving time reversal method.Concrete operation step is as follows.
(1) single channel signal excitation receiving system Cleaning Principle figure is illustrated in figure 2, two sensors are arranged along pipe circumference direction, all the time driver is used as near defect sensors A, another one sensor B is used as inductor all the time, the distance of A and B should meet the requirement of repeatedly equidistantly movement, and two sensors and defect to be measured are positioned at pipeline semi-perimeter scope.
(2) arbitrary signal generation systems driving sensor A produces circumferential Lamb wave signal s
1, meanwhile, the signal that acquisition system pick-up transducers B receives.Movable sensor B in preset range, determines that multi channel signals intercepts scope at common time reversal, and during it requires to encourage receiving system to detect with application sensors array and multi channel signals, (3) step is consistent.
(3) adopt the signal in (2) to intercept scope, implement a single channel defects detection time reversal operation, obtain Received signal strength s first respectively
21, time anti-pumping signal s
31with time reversal connection receive s
41.
(4) equidistant movable sensor B to n-1 diverse location, and operate n-1 time in repeating above-mentioned steps (3), obtain one group of signal: s
2i, s
3iand s
4i, wherein i=2,3 ... n.
(5) hyperchannel time-reversal focusing signal s is calculated by formula (2)
4.
(6) (5) of encouraging receiving system to carry out detecting with computation process and application sensors array and multi channel signals are analyzed identical with (6).
Be illustrated in figure 3 defect location schematic diagram, for convenience of description, tubular-shaped structures be reduced to plate structure, sensor arrangement as shown in the figure.Wherein, the frequency dispersion of circumferential Lamb wave and multi-modal effect affect by two aspect factors: defect and diffusion path length.In figure, between sensors A and B, have two travel paths: direct wave path 1 and defect reflection echo path 2(are wherein contained among path 2 in path 1 completely).In time reversal process, the flaw echo propagated along path 2 is reloaded in sensors A after time reversal, flaw echo ripple bag when the part returned along original route 2 in the signal produced defines in anti-Received signal strength, the frequency dispersion produced by travel path obtains full remuneration, and realizes multi-modal signal focus; And for the part propagated along path 1, the frequency dispersion produced by travel path obtains partial-compensation, achieve signal section equally and focus on.Therefore, in hyperchannel Received signal strength time reversal, there are the two obvious focus wave bags in place, it is characterized in that ripple bag amplitude is large, signal waveform and original excitation signal similarity higher.According to above-mentioned 2 points, be easy to accurate recognition and go out the focusing of two places, and the mistiming Δ t of two place's focal positions corresponds to the range difference 2 Δ L of two travel paths, so can calculate L according to formula (1).
Below in conjunction with instance analysis, this inventive method is verified.
Detected object is long 630mm, external diameter 430mm, and the steel pipe of wall thickness 32mm is processed with dissimilar defect.Detection system is made up of DPO4054 digital oscilloscope, AFG3021B AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator), AG1016 power amplifier and industrial computer, possess single channel excitation receiving function, therefore the step that this example is all undertaken detecting by application pair of sensors and single channel signal excitation receiving system is carried out: the time-reversal focusing of simulating 5 passages; The moving interval of receiving sensor is 10mm, altogether mobile 40mm.For ensureing the synchronism that each channel actuation receives, following test all employs the dedicated trigger passage of AFG3021B, i.e. trigger out connector TTL Output, but not adopts signalling channel to trigger; The sinusoidal signal that pumping signal adopts the toneburst(window in 5 cycles to modulate).For different defect, provide following detection example respectively.
1, the inwall axial flaw of long 25mm, wide 1mm, dark 3mm, L=320mm.
(1) adopt " the defect detecting system general switching software based on method time reversal " control AFG3021B to motivate the 5 cycle sinusoidal modulation signals of 500kHz, be amplified to peak value 80V through AG1016, by this signal loading in sensors A.Use the Received signal strength of DPO4054 pick-up transducers B simultaneously, and by this software, signal is uploaded to computing machine.
(2) sensor B is moved to distance sensors A highest distance position within the scope of 40mm, now determine that time reversal intercepts scope.
(3) in software the signal within the scope of intercepting overturn and be sent to AFG3021B, and then again loading on sensors A, the same Received signal strength with DPO4054 pick-up transducers B, and by this software, signal being uploaded to computing machine.So far, single channel has operated time reversal.
(4) take 10mm as stepping, movable sensor B tetra-times, keep sensors A invariant position, and repeat step 1 and 3.Be illustrated in figure 4 the Received signal strength first of inwall axial flaw, two dotted lines in figure represent that time reversal intercepts scope.Be illustrated in figure 5 Received signal strength time reversal of inwall axial flaw.
(5) the hyperchannel time-reversal focusing signal of Fig. 6 inwall axial flaw is calculated by formula (2).So far, hyperchannel time-reversal focusing has operated.
(6) as shown in Figure 6, there are two obvious focus wave bags in hyperchannel time-reversal focusing signal, waveform is similar to 5 cycles.Two ripple bag peak point times were respectively t
1=196.1 μ s and t
2=398.7 μ s, the circumferential Lamb wave mode velocity of wave encouraged is v=3.47mm/ μ s, adopt the length of voussoir to be 2d=34mm, the distance being calculated defect and sensors A by formula (1) is 334.5mm, actual range 320mm, positioning error 4.5%.
2, the outer wall corrosion defect of diameter 20mm, dark 2mm, L=200mm
Adopt said method to detect outer wall corrosion defect, the hyperchannel time-reversal focusing signal of outer wall corrosion defect as shown in Figure 7.Equally, the high-visible two obvious focus wave bags in place in signal, waveform is similar to 5 cycles.Two ripple bag peak point times were respectively t
1=245.2 μ s and t
2=374.1 μ s, velocity of wave is v=3.47mm/ μ s, adopt the length of voussoir to be 2d=34mm, the distance being calculated defect and sensors A by formula (1) is 206.6mm, actual range 200mm, positioning error 3.3%.
Claims (5)
1. based on a large-diameter thick-walled pipeline defect positioning method for circumference Lamb wave time reversal, it is characterized in that: realized by following two kinds of modes, application sensors array and multi channel signals excitation receiving system detect; All sensors is arranged in same circumferentially tested, and the sensor nearest apart from defect and other sensors keep relatively large distance, and all the other sensor pitch arrangement, and guarantee that this spacing is little as far as possible; In time reversal process, the sensor nearest apart from defect is in different mode of operations all the time from all the other sensors and namely encourages or receive; Application pair of sensors and single channel signal excitation receiving system detect; Two sensors is arranged in same circumferentially tested, and the sensor near apart from defect maintains static and always work in incentive mode, and another sensor along the circumferential direction moves multiple position and always works in receiving mode; Whole process need guarantee that another sensor is mobile in more among a small circle, and the spacing of two sensors is relatively large.
2. a kind of large-diameter thick-walled pipeline defect positioning method based on circumference Lamb wave time reversal according to claim 1, is characterized in that: application sensors array and multi channel signals excitation receiving system detect; Realize the time-reversal focusing of hyperchannel circumferential wave guide with sensor array, in array, number of sensors is greater than 2; The unit that the method comprises in following steps (1) sensor array excites circumferential wave guide, and remaining element receives guided wave signals simultaneously; (2) the intercepting scope of time-reversal signal is determined, as window time reversal that multi channel signals is common; (3) part of multi channel signals within the scope of intercepting overturn in the time domain, reload in corresponding sensing unit, the signal exciting unit simultaneously in (1) is now used for receiving hyperchannel focus signal; (4) analyze focus signal, judge whether defect exists, and determine defective locations further.
3. a kind of large-diameter thick-walled pipeline defect positioning method based on circumference Lamb wave time reversal according to claim 1, is characterized in that: adopt single channel signal excitation receiving system and only use pair of sensors; Adopt the dedicated trigger passage of AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator), i.e. trigger out connector, to ensure synchronism when each channel receiving signal merges; The method includes the steps of (1) determines the intercepting scope of time-reversal signal, as window time reversal that multi channel signals is common; (2) operation time reversal of a single channel is implemented; (3) change receiving sensor position n time, and repeat single channel and operate same number time reversal, n>0; (4) multiple single channel Received signal strength time reversal is added, obtains hyperchannel time-reversal focusing signal; (5) analyze focus signal, judge whether defect exists and determine defective locations further.
4. a kind of large-diameter thick-walled pipeline defect positioning method based on circumference Lamb wave time reversal according to claim 1, is characterized in that: hyperchannel to intercept time reversal the end of scope from each passage direct wave bag to it along the pipe transmmision echo ripple bag of a week before; Intercepting scope should comprise circumferential Lamb wave and defect in multi channel signals and to interact the ripple bag produced.
5. a kind of large-diameter thick-walled pipeline defect positioning method based on circumference Lamb wave time reversal according to claim 1, is characterized in that: identify two place's obvious time-reversal focusing ripple bags in signal, calculates the time to peak t of ripple bag
1and t
2, (t
2-t
1to be exactly circumferential Lamb wave propagate into time needed for defect from sensors A in)/2; The distance of defect to sensors A can be calculated by the velocity of wave v of the corresponding mode of circumferential Lamb wave and voussoir length half d; The amplitude maximum of first focus wave bag, and wave period number and original excitation signal approximately equal; After second focus wave contracts out present direct wave, before the waveform that circumferential echo and circumferential wave guide are received after pipe circumferential propagation one circle, except direct wave and circumferential echo, this ripple bag amplitude maximum, and wave period number and original excitation signal approximately equal; If adopt application pair of sensors and single channel signal excitation receiving system to carry out the implementation that detects, another of this ripple bag is characterised in that time reversal at each passage is in Received signal strength, and this ripple contracts out present same time location, and waveform similarity.
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