CN107345937A - A kind of blower fan main shaft surface defect supersonic array in-situ detection method - Google Patents
A kind of blower fan main shaft surface defect supersonic array in-situ detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107345937A CN107345937A CN201710481885.5A CN201710481885A CN107345937A CN 107345937 A CN107345937 A CN 107345937A CN 201710481885 A CN201710481885 A CN 201710481885A CN 107345937 A CN107345937 A CN 107345937A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/041—Analysing solids on the surface of the material, e.g. using Lamb, Rayleigh or shear waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/26—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor
- G01N29/262—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor by electronic orientation or focusing, e.g. with phased arrays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/263—Surfaces
- G01N2291/2634—Surfaces cylindrical from outside
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of blower fan main shaft surface defect supersonic array in-situ detection method.Piezoelectricity array element is arranged to make up piezoelectric sensor array by circular fashion and is fixed on blower fan main shaft end face by the present invention, and blower fan main shaft detection zone inner main axis surface all standing is realized using the acoustic beam in piezoelectricity array element angle of flare；Encourage the piezoelectricity array element in piezoelectric sensor array successively using electronic scanning mode, make it to detection zone inner main axis surface emissivity ultrasonic wave, and receive ultrasound echo signal, by the identification to ultrasonic echo feature, so as to positioning spindle surface defect.The present invention is detected by array way to blower fan main shaft, realizes the in situ detection of the blower fan main shaft surface defect of unartificial scanning mode.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of blower fan main shaft surface defect supersonic array in-situ detection method, belong to field of non destructive testing.
Background technology
Wind energy has been to be concerned by more and more people as a kind of regenerative resource of cleaning.With the big rule of wind-power electricity generation
Mould is popularized, the safety and interests of blower fan and its parts running status direct relation national product.Blower fan main shaft is all rotary
Motion, main shaft is main stressed member, because prolonged work generation fatigability defect can not with the situation for wearing corrosion
Avoid.Therefore the generation of prevention security incident is not only facilitated to the safety detection of this class formation, it is unnecessary to avoid
Economic loss.
The main shaft of blower fan is to be fixed on cabin by bearing to be connected between wheel hub storehouse and gear-box, together installed in pylon
On.General after the completion of assembling is difficult that position where being re-introduced into main shaft carries out defects detection；In addition main shaft is mounted in
In wheel hub and axle sleeve (or bearing etc.), it can not directly carry out contact measurement the defects of contact site produces.Such as will be to it
Main shaft is detected, and pylon can only be climbed up by testing staff, into axial fan hub storehouse in spindle end in fan parking state at present
Face carries out scanning using longitudinal wave probe, or main shaft is disassembled from blower fan and detected.But once complete blower fan and exist
The installation of pylon, it is shut down or dismounting is almost difficult to realize, and is taken time and effort, testing cost is very huge.So wind even to this day
The online in situ detection of main shaft can not all be implemented machine --- particularly large fan --- well.To ensure the peace of blower fan
It is complete to use, national product safety is ensured, potential safety hazard is preferably minimized, studies and is detected without personnel close to the defects of blower fan main shaft
Method is very necessary and urgent.
The axle class of blower fan lies substantially in completely enclosed state, and only end face can be exposed to by simply dismantling
Outside, and such workpiece easily occur defect it is local it is general from end face be concentrated mainly on press fitting position farther out, relative main and
Speech belongs to surface defect.It is detected, ultrasonic wave is undoubtedly most suitable and maximally effective detection method.Ultrasonic wave without
Damage detection technique pair determines that the parameters such as the size of internal flaw, position, orientation, buried depth, property have compared with other lossless detection methods
Comprehensive advantage.It is mainly shown as：Detectability is strong, harmless to human body and product and surrounding environment.
Research both at home and abroad to wind power facility Shaft testing is relatively fewer, and the research of motorcycle axle is more.Motorcycle axle one
As be disassembled from locomotive after detected, do not move back wheel under conditions of use low-angle surface feeding sputtering, and angle probe
Detected in the incident method of axle body, the detection method is closely ripe.Although this method design is relatively reasonable feasible, still
Be not directly applicable blower fan main shaft in situ detection, itself main reason is that：In situ detection demand can not still be met, detect premise
Need to split out detection piece from parent, it is impossible to meet the particularity of wind-powered electricity generation industry application；Manual operation ultrasonic probe is needed,
For detection of the blower fan main shaft in highly up to a hundred meters of pylon, its testing conditions is more harsh, and exploitativeness is not strong.
The content of the invention
The invention provides a kind of array detection process based on ultrasonic longitudinal wave, using compressional wave piezoelectricity array element, passes through electronics
Main shaft circumferential surface defects detection can be achieved in formula scanning, avoids the cumbersome technique of artificial scanning during conventional detection, phase
Than in the other method of shaft-like workpiece end surface measurement, the present invention is more beneficial for realizing the in situ detection to main shaft circumferential surface.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that a kind of blower fan main shaft surface defect supersonic array is former
Position detecting method, realizing the detection means of detection method includes computer 1, ultrasonic action receiving device 2, multi-channel gating device 3, its
In, computer 1 is connected with ultrasonic action receiving device 2, and ultrasonic action receiving device 2 is connected with multi-channel gating device 3, this method tool
Body implementation steps include：
Step 1: according to the material of blower fan main shaft and need to detect the size Q of defect, in selecting according to ultrasound detection principle
Frequency of heart f, diameter d piezoelectricity array element, be calculated the piezoelectricity array element acoustic beam half-angle of spread size θ, f scope for 1MHz~
5MHz；The half-angle of spread passes throughCalculate, wherein：cLFor the longitudinal wave velocity of spindle material；
Step 2: the piezoelectricity array element acoustic beam half-angle of spread size θ being calculated according to step 1, and detected main shaft need
Detection zone is calculated in detection zone piezoelectricity array element acoustic beam section radius r, in the single piezoelectricity of detection zone apart from end face depth H
Array element (6) acoustic beam section radius r is calculated by r=H × tan θ；
Step 3: the piezoelectricity array element acoustic beam covering radius r being calculated according to step 2 and detected main shaft need detection zone
The diameter D in domain, required piezoelectricity array element quantity N is calculated, rounded up if N is decimal, and piezoelectricity array element central point distance
The vertical range R of spindle centerline, rounded up if R is decimal：
Step 4: according to the vertical range R for the piezoelectricity array element centre distance spindle centerline being calculated in step 3, with
And the quantity N of piezoelectricity array element, the piezoelectricity array element that quantity is N is arranged in annulus using spindle centerline as symmetry axis, R is that radius is equal
It is even to be arranged in detection main shaft end face composition piezoelectric sensor array；
Step 5: the piezoelectricity array element that quantity in piezoelectric sensor array is N is fixed on into main shaft end face, and press clock scale
Mode successively to piezoelectricity array element number, the zero point moment position be numbering 1 piezoelectricity array element；
Step 6: it is corresponding that the lead-out wire of each piezoelectricity array element in piezoelectric sensor array is respectively connecting into multi-channel gating device
Channel interface, complete piezoelectric sensor array arrangement and electrically crosslinking；
Multi-channel gating device is set to gate successively Step 7: sending detection instruction control ultrasonic action receiving device by computer
Each numbering piezoelectricity array element enters row energization, and receives its echo-signal；
Step 8: the echo-signal received every time is acquired and is sent to computer by ultrasonic action receiving device,
The echo-signal of each numbering piezoelectricity array element of computer record；
Step 9: ultrasonic action receiving device is completed the excitation of N piezoelectricity array element, received, after data transfer, in computer
On defective locations are judged by the identification to each numbering piezoelectricity array element echo character, complete the detection of this main shaft.Echo character
Whether the time difference and each passage time echo for being identified by echo and main shaft bottom ripple occur being judged.Specific judgment mode
For：The echo occurred before the ripple of bottom regards as suspected defects echo, the suspicious echo that each numbering piezoelectricity array element time occurs
For structural return, the echo of only a certain numbering or the adjacent numbering appearance of the numbering, then flaw echo is regarded as；
Step 10: according to there is the numbering and echo depth of the piezoelectricity array element of echo, defective locations i.e. channel number is determined, it is deep
Degree；
Compared with prior art, the present invention has if any beneficial effect.
1. the present invention realizes the inspection of main shaft surface defect using the ultrasonic wave of piezoelectric sensor array radiation in main shaft end face
Survey, detection process realizes the in situ detection of main shaft surface defect, this method is being implemented just without main shaft is split out from blower fan
It is with the obvious advantage in terms of profit and economy.
2. the present invention instead of artificial scanning mode using electronic scanning mode, main shaft end face is entered without testing staff
The axial fan hub storehouse at place carries out detection operation；For the quality testing of such component, more particularly to it is difficult to the inspection close to component
Survey, the present invention proposes a kind of new approaches for solving technical problem.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the blower fan main shaft surface defect ultrasound situ detection system structural representation used in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the physical dimension and detection zone of main shaft in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the single piezoelectricity array element half-angle of spread harmony beam radius schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is spindle end face pressure electricity array element arrangement schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 5 a are to contain defective echo waveform figure in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 b are flawless echo waveform figures in the embodiment of the present invention；
Embodiment
The present invention is elaborated with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
For blower fan main shaft, can its quality meet or exceed design requirement, and quality testing is very crucial.Practice
Show, for blower fan main shaft during long-term use, its surface easily produces the crackle towards the growth of main shaft center portion, the direct shadow of the crackle
Ring main shaft military service performance and service life.
The blower fan main shaft that the present embodiment uses is main shaft 5 to be measured in Fig. 1, spindle material 42CrMo4, the material ultrasonic wave
Longitudinal wave velocity is 5900m/s.Its physical dimension and detection zone are as shown in Fig. 2 detection faces are the upper surface of main shaft.
The detecting system that the present embodiment uses includes a computer, ultrasonic action receiving device, a multichannel
Gate, specific implementation step are as follows：
Step 1: the material of blower fan main shaft lacks for 42CrMo4, it is necessary to detect surfaces of the Q more than or equal to 5mm in the present embodiment
Fall into, select centre frequency 5MHz according to ultrasound detection rule, diameter of phi 20mm piezoelectricity array element, piezoelectricity array element is calculated
Acoustic beam half-angle of spread θ=4.13 °；
Step 2: piezoelectricity array element acoustic beam half-angle of spread θ=4.13 ° being calculated according to step 1, and it is detected master
Axle needs detection zone apart from depth H=800mm of end face, calculates in detection zone piezoelectricity array element acoustic beam section radius r=
57.8mm as shown in Figure 3；
Step 3: the piezoelectricity array element acoustic beam covering radius r=57.8mm and detected main shaft that are calculated according to step 2
The diameter D=560mm of detection zone is needed, piezoelectricity array element quantity N=24.2 (taking 25) needed for calculating, and piezoelectricity array element central point
Apart from the vertical range R=222.2mm (taking 223) of spindle centerline；
Step 4: the vertical range R=according to the piezoelectricity array element centre distance spindle centerline being calculated in step 3
223mm, and the quantity 25 of piezoelectricity array element, the piezoelectricity array element that quantity is 25 is arranged in annulus using spindle centerline to be symmetrical
Axle, R=223mm are that radius is evenly arranged in detection main shaft end face composition piezoelectric sensor array, as shown in Figure 4；
Step 5: the piezoelectricity array element that quantity in piezoelectric sensor array is 25 is fixed on into main shaft end face, and carved by clock
Degree mode pin successively to piezoelectricity array element number, the zero point moment position be numbering 1 piezoelectricity array element, as shown in Figure 4；
Step 6: it is corresponding that the lead-out wire of each piezoelectricity array element in piezoelectric sensor array is respectively connecting into multi-channel gating device
Channel interface, complete piezoelectric sensor array arrangement and electrically crosslinking；
Multi-channel gating device is set to gate successively Step 7: sending detection instruction control ultrasonic action receiving device by computer
The piezoelectricity array element of 25 numberings enters row energization, and receives its echo-signal；
Step 8: the echo-signal received every time is acquired and is sent to computer by ultrasonic action receiving device,
The echo-signal of each numbering piezoelectricity array element of computer record；
Step 9: ultrasonic action receiving device is completed No. 25 piezoelectricity array element excitation, received, after data transfer, calculating
Defective locations are judged by the identification to each numbering piezoelectricity array element echo character on machine, complete the detection of this main shaft.In computer
Shown in No. 18 such as Fig. 5 (a) of waveform corresponding to piezoelectricity array element of upper storage, waveform such as Fig. 5 corresponding to remaining numbering piezoelectricity array element
(b) shown in.By judging, Fig. 5 (a) is the echo waveform in the presence of a defect；
Step 10: by piezoelectricity array element numbering 18 and echo depth corresponding to Fig. 5 (a), determine that the defect is located at main shaft
Apart from end face 833mm positions below No. 18 array elements.
Claims (2)
- A kind of 1. blower fan main shaft surface defect supersonic array in-situ detection method, it is characterised in that：Realize the detection of detection method Device includes computer (1), ultrasonic action receiving device (2), multi-channel gating device (3), wherein, computer (1) and ultrasonic action Receiving device (2) is connected, and ultrasonic action receiving device (2) is connected with multi-channel gating device (3), this method specific implementation step bag Include：Step 1: according to the material of blower fan main shaft and needing to detect the size Q of defect, center frequency is selected according to ultrasound detection principle Rate f, diameter d piezoelectricity array element, the scope that the piezoelectricity array element acoustic beam half-angle of spread size θ, f is calculated is 1MHz~5MHz；Half Angle of flare passes throughCalculate, wherein：cLFor the longitudinal wave velocity of spindle material；Step 2: the piezoelectricity array element acoustic beam half-angle of spread size θ being calculated according to step 1, and detected main shaft need to detect Region distance end face depth H, calculate in detection zone piezoelectricity array element acoustic beam section radius r, in the single piezoelectricity array element of detection zone (6) acoustic beam section radius r is calculated by r=H × tan θ；Step 3: the piezoelectricity array element acoustic beam covering radius r being calculated according to step 2 and detected main shaft need detection zone Diameter D, required piezoelectricity array element quantity N is calculated, rounded up if N is decimal, and piezoelectricity array element central point is apart from main shaft The vertical range R of center line, rounded up if R is decimal：<mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>&pi;</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mi>D</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mi>r</mi> </mfrac> </mrow><mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mi>D</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mi>r</mi> </mrow>Step 4: according to the vertical range R for the piezoelectricity array element centre distance spindle centerline being calculated in step 3, and pressure The quantity N of electric array element, the piezoelectricity array element that quantity is N is arranged in annulus using spindle centerline as symmetry axis, R is the uniform cloth of radius Put in detection main shaft end face composition piezoelectric sensor array；Step 5: the piezoelectricity array element that quantity in piezoelectric sensor array is N is fixed on into main shaft end face, and press clock graduated manner Successively to piezoelectricity array element number, the zero point moment position be numbering 1 piezoelectricity array element；Step 6: the lead-out wire of each piezoelectricity array element in piezoelectric sensor array is respectively connecting to lead to corresponding to multi-channel gating device Pipeline joint, complete piezoelectric sensor array arrangement and electrically crosslinking；Multi-channel gating device is set to gate each volume successively Step 7: sending detection instruction control ultrasonic action receiving device by computer Number piezoelectricity array element enters row energization, and receives its echo-signal；Step 8: the echo-signal received every time is acquired and is sent to computer by ultrasonic action receiving device, calculate The echo-signal of each numbering piezoelectricity array element of machine record；Step 9: ultrasonic action receiving device is completed the excitation of N piezoelectricity array element, received, after data transfer, lead on computers Cross the identification to each numbering piezoelectricity array element echo character and judge defective locations, complete the detection of this main shaft；The identification of echo character Whether occur being judged by echo and the time difference of main shaft bottom ripple and each passage time echo；Specifically judgment mode is： The echo occurred before the ripple of bottom regards as suspected defects echo, and the suspicious echo that each numbering piezoelectricity array element time occurs is knot The echo that structure echo, only a certain numbering or the adjacent numbering of the numbering occur, then regard as flaw echo；Step 10: according to there is the numbering and echo depth of the piezoelectricity array element of echo.
- A kind of 2. blower fan main shaft surface defect supersonic array in-situ detection method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that： Determine defective locations i.e. channel number, depth.
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| CN201710481885.5A CN107345937B (en) | 2017-06-22 | 2017-06-22 | Ultrasonic array in-situ detection method for surface defects of fan main shaft |
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| CN109164034A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-01-08 | 河南科技大学 | A kind of wheat seed quality detection device and its detection method |
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