CN108225632A - A kind of residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection method - Google Patents

A kind of residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108225632A
CN108225632A CN201711305855.5A CN201711305855A CN108225632A CN 108225632 A CN108225632 A CN 108225632A CN 201711305855 A CN201711305855 A CN 201711305855A CN 108225632 A CN108225632 A CN 108225632A
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residual stress
ultrasonic
detection
linear
linear ultrasonic
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徐春广
贺蕾
王秋涛
李培禄
卢钰仁
潘勤学
周世圆
肖定国
郝娟
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/25Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons
    • G01L1/255Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons using acoustic waves, or acoustic emission
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/0047Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes measuring forces due to residual stresses

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection methods, suitable for field of ultrasonic nondestructive detection, utilize ultrasonic second order and third-order nonlinear optical coefficient and the correspondence of residual stress, it can non-contactly detection means internal residual stress by water coupling or Air Coupling, verification is found after research and testing, this method has correct theoretical foundation, feasible technical solution, effective implementation and reliably repeatable testing result, fundamentally solves the basic demand of the Fast nondestructive evaluation of large-scale component internal residual stress.

Description

A kind of residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection method
First, technical field
The invention belongs to ultrasound detection fields, are related to a kind of residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection method, suitable for structure The fast checking of part internal residual stress distribution.
2nd, background technology
The non-linear ultrasonic detection mechanism of component is when being propagated in component using ultrasonic wave, with the internal structure in material Interaction, is distorted ultrasonic wave waveform, generates higher harmonic components, micro- to material using non-linear ultrasonic characteristic parameter The nonlinear characteristic of the sensitivity characterization material of defect, so as to fulfill the detection to component residual stress.
In existing residual stress detection method, there are damage, half to damage to being divided into whether tested component damage according to it With not damaged three categories, the method for having damage has:Microtomy, consistency profiles etc., the method for half damage have Blind Hole Method, ring core method, depth Hole method etc. damages the scope that stress release is belonged to half damage method;Lossless method have X-ray diffraction method, magnetic measurement method and Supercritical ultrasonics technology etc..In lossless detection method, the detection depth of X ray is extremely shallow, only 10~35 μm, there is certain radiational injury to human body Evil is mainly used for the detection of the metal material surfaces residual stress such as overlay coating, film.Magnetic measurement method testing result is by a variety of Factor influences, reliability and low precision, and detected value calibration is difficult, more sensitive to material, and is simply possible to use in ferromagnetic material Detection.Ultrasonic NDT method is that most have one of residual stress detection method of development potentiality at present.Ultrasound detection residual stress Method:Vocal cord injection and non-linear ultrasonic etection theory.Xu Chunguang professors, doctor Pan Qinxue etc. detect Vocal cord injection The theory of residual stress conducts in-depth research, and the research of non-linear ultrasonic detection residual stress is less.
By in Wanfang Database (network address:http://new.wanfangdata.com.cn/) and State Intellectual Property Office (network address:http://www.pss-system.gov.cn/) carry out patent retrieval and paper inquiry, obtain three related patents and Paper:1) the paper metal component fatigue damage non-linear ultrasonics method for testing performance research nation manganese industries of Deng Yinzhou etc. .doi:10.14101/j.cnki.issn.1002-4336.2016.04.026. elaborate that metal component fatigue damage is non-linear The detection mode of conventional metal member is not only remained in ultrasonic wave performance detection, while applies ultrasonic wave audio frequency acoustic wave analysis skill Art, infrared analysis technology, satellite Fiber Analysis technology and data analysis technique carry out metal component Analysis of Fatigue.It should Paper is only analyzed in terms of theoretical and check system two, and there is no propose concrete application method.2) invention of Wu Bin etc. is special Profit:Method for non-linear ultrasonic online detection of early fatigue damage to metal material, patent No. CN201010119536.7, provides one kind The method that acoustic emission detection metal material incipient fatigue damage is introduced on the basis of non-linear ultrasonic non-destructive testing, according to The thickness of test specimen determines pumping signal parameter and inputs arbitrary-function generator generation single audio frequency signal;During according to zero load Noise signal amplitude determine Acoustic radiating instrument threshold value;Fatigue loading is carried out to test specimen, it is continuously real by acoustic emission sensor When detect acoustic emission signal, input Acoustic radiating instrument after amplification, when acoustic emission signal amplitude be more than the preset threshold value of Acoustic radiating instrument, Acoustic radiating instrument judges ring;If Acoustic radiating instrument does not show ring or continuous ringing number is not above empirical value, whens waiting Between interval detection non-linear ultrasonic signal;If showing that continuous ringing number has been more than empirical value, show there is fatigue crack initiation And development.This method judges Metal Material Fatigue simply by empirical value, can not be inside quantitative description metal material Stress state and stress value.3) patent of invention of Li Haiyang etc.:A kind of non-linear ultrasonic on-line monitoring metal material strain becomes The method of change, application number:CN201710271586.9 provides a kind of non-linear ultrasonic on-line monitoring metal material strain variation Method, intermediate in test specimen to be measured place probe, the both ends of test specimen to be measured are fixed, one weight of mid-mounting of test specimen to be measured Object treats test block generation stretching by the gravity of weight and carries out generating fatigue.On-line monitoring strain is made on test specimen to be measured Supporting rack, ultrasonic transducer is placed in supporting rack.The high energy pulse signal output end of nonlinear acoustics detection device passes through 50 It after ohms impedance match, duplexer, is interacted with ultrasonic transducer, the ultrasonic wave of reflection is received after test specimen to be measured reflection Signal.Although this method is realized in on-line monitoring metal material stress variation, one weight of mid-mounting to part to be measured is needed It object and is only capable of reflecting ultrasonic wave information number by receiving and monitoring, complicated for operation, working condition requirement is high, can not by transmiting and having angle The stress variation of the ultrasonic signal monitoring metal material of degree.
The studies above achievement is not related to of the present invention detecting residual stress using non-linear ultrasonic method Particular content, therefore, the right point of the present patent application has complete innovative.
3rd, invention content
The present invention relates to a kind of residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection methods, suitable for field of ultrasonic nondestructive detection, utilize The correspondence of ultrasonic second order and third-order nonlinear optical coefficient and residual stress can be examined non-contactly by water coupling or Air Coupling Component inside residual stress is surveyed, verification after research and testing finds that this method has correct theoretical foundation, feasible technology Scheme, effective implementation and reliable and repeatable testing result, fundamentally solving large-scale component internal residual should The basic demand of the Fast nondestructive evaluation of power.
The present invention is based on the non-linear ultrasonic testing principle of residual stress, residual stress size will influence ultrasonic second order coefficient The size of β and three level number δ components, and have certain correspondence therewith;To certain material, in ultrasound non-linear coefficient with connecing After quantitative relationship between collection of letters fundamental voltage amplitude, harmonic amplitude, by ultrasonic second order nonlinear coefficient and third-order nonlinear optical coefficient Non-linear ultrasonic comprehensive parameters are combined as to calculate residual stress.It can meet residual inside the widely used large-scale component of aerospace Fast checking detection, pipeline internal residual stress and the high ferro rail interiors residual stress and large size of residue stress distribution are rolled The Fast nondestructive evaluation of system and forge piece internal residual stress, it will be on active service in investigation in the safety of national Grand Equipments structural member Extensive use.
4th, it illustrates
Fig. 1 residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detecting systems form schematic diagram substantially;
The tangential residual stress non-linear ultrasonic oblique incidence rayleigh waves inspection schematic diagram in Fig. 2 surface layers;
Fig. 3 normal direction residual stress non-linear ultrasonic reflection detection method schematic diagrames;
Fig. 4 normal direction residual stress non-linear ultrasonic transmits detection method schematic diagram.
Residual stress non-linear ultrasonic on Fig. 5 any angle а directions tiltedly transmits detection method
Fig. 6 ultrasonic excitation signals trains of pulse
5th, specific embodiment
Residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection method is described in detail below:
1. residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detecting system should at least have following function:Set of frequency, ultrasonic action voltage Control, high low-pass filtering, ultrasonic gain acceptance in control, algorithm of harmonics analysis, signal time position are shown and residual-stress value It calculates.Typical non-linear ultrasonic detecting system forms block diagram, as shown in Figure 1.
2. material members internal residual stress is that have position (or depth), the trivector of size and Orientation, to meet The needs of different directions residual stress detection, the detection of residual stress non-linear ultrasonic are divided into following four kinds of modes:Residual stress is non- Linear ultrasound oblique incidence detection mode, residual stress non-linear ultrasonic reflection detection method, residual stress non-linear ultrasonic are just Transmission detection method, any angle residual stress non-linear ultrasonic tiltedly transmit detection method.
3. in the side surface for being detected component, received using fundamental frequency transmitting longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer and 2 times or 3 frequencys multiplication super Sonic transducer generates or receives the longitudinal wave or surface wave propagated in surface layer along surface layer in specified incident and receiving angle, can be with Tangential residual stress in acquisition surface layer, detection method, as shown in Figure 2;Change wavelength by changing detection frequency to realize not With the residual stress detection in depth bounds, emit by changing and receive the spacing of energy converter to adjust detection range or sensitive Degree.
4. in the side surface for being detected component, the fundamental frequency longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer of Vertical Launch and 2 times or 3 frequencys multiplication are utilized Ultrasonic transducer is received, in component surface normal direction by couplant generation or the longitudinal wave of receiving member internal communication, can be obtained Component normal direction residual stress, residual stress non-linear ultrasonic reflection detection method, as shown in Figure 3.
5. emit longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer in the both side surface for being detected component respectively using fundamental frequency and 2 or 3 frequencys multiplication receive Ultrasonic transducer is respectively perpendicular the both sides for being placed on tested component and forms ultrasound transmission detection pattern, Vertical Launch and reception Transmission ultrasonic longitudinal wave can such as be schemed with normal direction residual stress in obtain component, residual stress non-linear ultrasonic regular transmission detection method Shown in 4.
6. emit longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer in the both side surface for being detected component respectively using fundamental frequency and 2 or 3 frequencys multiplication receive Ultrasonic transducer places transmitting probe and receiving transducer according to the incident angle of design (а) respectively, in the two sides of tested component Ultrasound tiltedly transmission detection pattern is formed, oblique incidence ultrasonic longitudinal wave and mitered are received transmission ultrasonic longitudinal wave, can be obtained in α incident angles Refraction angle direction on residual stress numerical value, residual stress non-linear ultrasonic tiltedly transmits detection method, as shown in Figure 5.
7. pumping signal requires both have higher amplitude in non-linear ultrasonic detection (usual driving voltage is more than 200V) Higher frequency (usual frequency is more than 1MHz), usually chooses train of pulse as pumping signal, usual burst periods quantity Between 5-15, as shown in Figure 6.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection method, the non-linear ultrasonic testing principle based on residual stress, remnants should Power size will influence the size of ultrasound second order coefficient β and three level number δ components, and have certain correspondence therewith;To certain Material, it is in ultrasound non-linear coefficient and after receiving quantitative relationship between signal fundamental voltage amplitude, harmonic amplitude, ultrasonic second order is non- Linear coefficient and third-order nonlinear optical coefficient are combined as non-linear ultrasonic comprehensive parameters to calculate residual stress.
2. residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Residual stress size will The size of ultrasound second order coefficient β and three level number δ components is influenced, and has certain correspondence therewith.
3. residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:To certain material, After quantitative relationship between ultrasound non-linear coefficient and reception signal fundamental voltage amplitude, harmonic amplitude, by ultrasonic second nonlinear system Number and third-order nonlinear optical coefficient are combined as non-linear ultrasonic comprehensive parameters to calculate residual stress.
4. residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection method according to claim 1, characteristics of detection system are:Remnants should Power non-linear ultrasonic detecting system should at least have following function:Set of frequency, ultrasonic action voltage control, high low-pass filtering, Ultrasonic gain acceptance in control, algorithm of harmonics analysis, signal time position is shown and the calculating of residual-stress value.
5. residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection method according to claim 1, characteristics of detection system are:Material structure Part internal residual stress is that have position (or depth), the trivector of size and Orientation, to meet different directions residual stress The needs of detection, the detection of residual stress non-linear ultrasonic are divided into following four kinds of modes:Residual stress nonlinear ultrasonic oblique incidence It is detection mode, residual stress non-linear ultrasonic reflection detection method, residual stress non-linear ultrasonic regular transmission detection method, arbitrary Angle residual stress non-linear ultrasonic tiltedly transmits detection method.
6. residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection method according to claim 5, residual stress nonlinear ultrasonic Oblique incidence detection is characterized in that:In the side surface for being detected component, emit longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer and 2 times or 3 using fundamental frequency Frequency multiplication receives ultrasonic transducer, and the longitudinal wave or table propagated in surface layer along surface layer are generated or receive in specified incident and receiving angle Surface wave can obtain tangential residual stress, detection method in surface layer;Change wavelength by changing detection frequency to realize difference Residual stress detection in depth bounds emits by changing and receives the spacing of energy converter to adjust detection range or sensitive Degree.
7. residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection method according to claim 5, residual stress non-linear ultrasonic are anti- Detection is penetrated to be characterized in that:In the side surface for being detected component, using the fundamental frequency longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer of Vertical Launch and 2 times or 3 frequencys multiplication receive ultrasonic transducer, can in component surface normal direction by couplant generation or the longitudinal wave of receiving member internal communication With obtain component normal direction residual stress, residual stress non-linear ultrasonic reflection detection method.
8. residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection method according to claim 5, residual stress non-linear ultrasonic is just Transmission detection is characterized in that:Respectively in the both side surface for being detected component, emit longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer and 2 or 3 using fundamental frequency Frequency multiplication receives ultrasonic transducer, is respectively perpendicular the both sides for being placed on tested component and forms ultrasound transmission detection pattern, vertical to send out Transmission ultrasonic longitudinal wave is penetrated and receives, it can be with normal direction residual stress in obtain component, the detection of residual stress non-linear ultrasonic regular transmission Method.
9. residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection method according to claim 5, the remnants on any angle а directions Stress non-linear ultrasonic tiltedly transmits detection and is characterized in that:Respectively in the both side surface for being detected component, emit longitudinal wave using fundamental frequency Ultrasonic transducer and 2 or 3 frequencys multiplication receive ultrasonic transducer, place transmitting probe according to the incident angle of design (а) respectively and connect Probe is received, ultrasonic tiltedly transmission detection pattern is formed in the two sides of tested component, it is super that oblique incidence ultrasonic longitudinal wave and mitered receive transmission Sound longitudinal wave, can obtain the residual stress numerical value on the refraction angle direction of α incident angles, and residual stress non-linear ultrasonic is oblique Transmit detection method.
10. ultrasonic action voltage control according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:Letter is encouraged in non-linear ultrasonic detection Number requirement had both had higher amplitude (usual driving voltage is more than 200V) and higher frequency (usual frequency is more than 1MHz), led to Train of pulse is often chosen as pumping signal, usual burst periods quantity is between 5-15.
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Cited By (11)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111208196A (en) * 2019-11-28 2020-05-29 郑州国电机械设计研究所有限公司 Nonlinear ultrasonic detection method for early fatigue damage of high-strength bolt
CN111460702A (en) * 2020-03-09 2020-07-28 扬州大学 Structural part damage identification method based on forward and reverse damage feature fusion
CN111521312A (en) * 2020-05-08 2020-08-11 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 Method for calibrating residual stress of optical fiber measurement material based on blind hole method
CN112083080A (en) * 2020-09-22 2020-12-15 中南大学 Nonlinear pulse reflection measuring device, and device and method for checking probe in nonlinear pulse reflection measuring device
CN112097972A (en) * 2020-08-12 2020-12-18 佛山方竹科技有限公司 Method for rapidly measuring internal stress of building ceramic plate and application
CN112609067A (en) * 2020-11-30 2021-04-06 北京理工大学 In-situ low-stress welding method for large three-dimensional complex aluminum alloy component
CN112880895A (en) * 2019-11-29 2021-06-01 哈尔滨工业大学 Nonlinear ultrasonic wave-based large-scale high-speed rotation equipment blade residual stress measurement method
CN113899487A (en) * 2021-09-06 2022-01-07 哈尔滨工业大学 Spatial three-dimensional residual stress ultrasonic detection method
CN114061804A (en) * 2021-10-26 2022-02-18 哈尔滨工业大学 Air coupling ultrasonic stress detection system based on collinear frequency mixing technology and detection method thereof
CN114061805A (en) * 2021-10-27 2022-02-18 哈尔滨工业大学 Air coupling Lamb wave nonlinear ultrasonic stress detection method, system and device for fiber reinforced composite material
CN114878047A (en) * 2022-04-29 2022-08-09 北京工业大学 Water immersion type lamb wave collinear mixing detection system and method for residual stress detection in metal plate

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111208196A (en) * 2019-11-28 2020-05-29 郑州国电机械设计研究所有限公司 Nonlinear ultrasonic detection method for early fatigue damage of high-strength bolt
CN112880895B (en) * 2019-11-29 2022-09-20 哈尔滨工业大学 Nonlinear ultrasonic wave-based large-scale high-speed rotation equipment blade residual stress measurement method
CN112880895A (en) * 2019-11-29 2021-06-01 哈尔滨工业大学 Nonlinear ultrasonic wave-based large-scale high-speed rotation equipment blade residual stress measurement method
CN111460702A (en) * 2020-03-09 2020-07-28 扬州大学 Structural part damage identification method based on forward and reverse damage feature fusion
CN111460702B (en) * 2020-03-09 2023-06-20 扬州大学 Structural member damage identification method based on forward and reverse damage feature fusion
CN111521312A (en) * 2020-05-08 2020-08-11 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 Method for calibrating residual stress of optical fiber measurement material based on blind hole method
CN112097972A (en) * 2020-08-12 2020-12-18 佛山方竹科技有限公司 Method for rapidly measuring internal stress of building ceramic plate and application
CN112097972B (en) * 2020-08-12 2022-04-05 佛山方竹科技有限公司 Method for rapidly measuring internal stress of building ceramic plate and application
CN112083080A (en) * 2020-09-22 2020-12-15 中南大学 Nonlinear pulse reflection measuring device, and device and method for checking probe in nonlinear pulse reflection measuring device
CN112083080B (en) * 2020-09-22 2022-03-18 中南大学 Nonlinear pulse reflection measuring device, and device and method for checking probe in nonlinear pulse reflection measuring device
CN112609067A (en) * 2020-11-30 2021-04-06 北京理工大学 In-situ low-stress welding method for large three-dimensional complex aluminum alloy component
CN113899487A (en) * 2021-09-06 2022-01-07 哈尔滨工业大学 Spatial three-dimensional residual stress ultrasonic detection method
CN114061804A (en) * 2021-10-26 2022-02-18 哈尔滨工业大学 Air coupling ultrasonic stress detection system based on collinear frequency mixing technology and detection method thereof
CN114061805A (en) * 2021-10-27 2022-02-18 哈尔滨工业大学 Air coupling Lamb wave nonlinear ultrasonic stress detection method, system and device for fiber reinforced composite material
CN114878047A (en) * 2022-04-29 2022-08-09 北京工业大学 Water immersion type lamb wave collinear mixing detection system and method for residual stress detection in metal plate
CN114878047B (en) * 2022-04-29 2023-12-01 北京工业大学 Water immersion type lamb wave collinear mixing detection system and method for detecting residual stress in metal plate

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Application publication date: 20180629