CN108225632A - A kind of residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection method - Google Patents
A kind of residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108225632A CN108225632A CN201711305855.5A CN201711305855A CN108225632A CN 108225632 A CN108225632 A CN 108225632A CN 201711305855 A CN201711305855 A CN 201711305855A CN 108225632 A CN108225632 A CN 108225632A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/25—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons
- G01L1/255—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons using acoustic waves, or acoustic emission
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0047—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes measuring forces due to residual stresses
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection methods, suitable for field of ultrasonic nondestructive detection, utilize ultrasonic second order and third-order nonlinear optical coefficient and the correspondence of residual stress, it can non-contactly detection means internal residual stress by water coupling or Air Coupling, verification is found after research and testing, this method has correct theoretical foundation, feasible technical solution, effective implementation and reliably repeatable testing result, fundamentally solves the basic demand of the Fast nondestructive evaluation of large-scale component internal residual stress.
Description
First, technical field
The invention belongs to ultrasound detection fields, are related to a kind of residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection method, suitable for structure
The fast checking of part internal residual stress distribution.
2nd, background technology
The non-linear ultrasonic detection mechanism of component is when being propagated in component using ultrasonic wave, with the internal structure in material
Interaction, is distorted ultrasonic wave waveform, generates higher harmonic components, micro- to material using non-linear ultrasonic characteristic parameter
The nonlinear characteristic of the sensitivity characterization material of defect, so as to fulfill the detection to component residual stress.
In existing residual stress detection method, there are damage, half to damage to being divided into whether tested component damage according to it
With not damaged three categories, the method for having damage has:Microtomy, consistency profiles etc., the method for half damage have Blind Hole Method, ring core method, depth
Hole method etc. damages the scope that stress release is belonged to half damage method;Lossless method have X-ray diffraction method, magnetic measurement method and
Supercritical ultrasonics technology etc..In lossless detection method, the detection depth of X ray is extremely shallow, only 10~35 μm, there is certain radiational injury to human body
Evil is mainly used for the detection of the metal material surfaces residual stress such as overlay coating, film.Magnetic measurement method testing result is by a variety of
Factor influences, reliability and low precision, and detected value calibration is difficult, more sensitive to material, and is simply possible to use in ferromagnetic material
Detection.Ultrasonic NDT method is that most have one of residual stress detection method of development potentiality at present.Ultrasound detection residual stress
Method:Vocal cord injection and non-linear ultrasonic etection theory.Xu Chunguang professors, doctor Pan Qinxue etc. detect Vocal cord injection
The theory of residual stress conducts in-depth research, and the research of non-linear ultrasonic detection residual stress is less.
By in Wanfang Database (network address:http://new.wanfangdata.com.cn/) and State Intellectual Property Office
(network address:http://www.pss-system.gov.cn/) carry out patent retrieval and paper inquiry, obtain three related patents and
Paper:1) the paper metal component fatigue damage non-linear ultrasonics method for testing performance research nation manganese industries of Deng Yinzhou etc.
.doi:10.14101/j.cnki.issn.1002-4336.2016.04.026. elaborate that metal component fatigue damage is non-linear
The detection mode of conventional metal member is not only remained in ultrasonic wave performance detection, while applies ultrasonic wave audio frequency acoustic wave analysis skill
Art, infrared analysis technology, satellite Fiber Analysis technology and data analysis technique carry out metal component Analysis of Fatigue.It should
Paper is only analyzed in terms of theoretical and check system two, and there is no propose concrete application method.2) invention of Wu Bin etc. is special
Profit:Method for non-linear ultrasonic online detection of early fatigue damage to metal material, patent No. CN201010119536.7, provides one kind
The method that acoustic emission detection metal material incipient fatigue damage is introduced on the basis of non-linear ultrasonic non-destructive testing, according to
The thickness of test specimen determines pumping signal parameter and inputs arbitrary-function generator generation single audio frequency signal;During according to zero load
Noise signal amplitude determine Acoustic radiating instrument threshold value;Fatigue loading is carried out to test specimen, it is continuously real by acoustic emission sensor
When detect acoustic emission signal, input Acoustic radiating instrument after amplification, when acoustic emission signal amplitude be more than the preset threshold value of Acoustic radiating instrument,
Acoustic radiating instrument judges ring;If Acoustic radiating instrument does not show ring or continuous ringing number is not above empirical value, whens waiting
Between interval detection non-linear ultrasonic signal;If showing that continuous ringing number has been more than empirical value, show there is fatigue crack initiation
And development.This method judges Metal Material Fatigue simply by empirical value, can not be inside quantitative description metal material
Stress state and stress value.3) patent of invention of Li Haiyang etc.:A kind of non-linear ultrasonic on-line monitoring metal material strain becomes
The method of change, application number:CN201710271586.9 provides a kind of non-linear ultrasonic on-line monitoring metal material strain variation
Method, intermediate in test specimen to be measured place probe, the both ends of test specimen to be measured are fixed, one weight of mid-mounting of test specimen to be measured
Object treats test block generation stretching by the gravity of weight and carries out generating fatigue.On-line monitoring strain is made on test specimen to be measured
Supporting rack, ultrasonic transducer is placed in supporting rack.The high energy pulse signal output end of nonlinear acoustics detection device passes through 50
It after ohms impedance match, duplexer, is interacted with ultrasonic transducer, the ultrasonic wave of reflection is received after test specimen to be measured reflection
Signal.Although this method is realized in on-line monitoring metal material stress variation, one weight of mid-mounting to part to be measured is needed
It object and is only capable of reflecting ultrasonic wave information number by receiving and monitoring, complicated for operation, working condition requirement is high, can not by transmiting and having angle
The stress variation of the ultrasonic signal monitoring metal material of degree.
The studies above achievement is not related to of the present invention detecting residual stress using non-linear ultrasonic method
Particular content, therefore, the right point of the present patent application has complete innovative.
3rd, invention content
The present invention relates to a kind of residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection methods, suitable for field of ultrasonic nondestructive detection, utilize
The correspondence of ultrasonic second order and third-order nonlinear optical coefficient and residual stress can be examined non-contactly by water coupling or Air Coupling
Component inside residual stress is surveyed, verification after research and testing finds that this method has correct theoretical foundation, feasible technology
Scheme, effective implementation and reliable and repeatable testing result, fundamentally solving large-scale component internal residual should
The basic demand of the Fast nondestructive evaluation of power.
The present invention is based on the non-linear ultrasonic testing principle of residual stress, residual stress size will influence ultrasonic second order coefficient
The size of β and three level number δ components, and have certain correspondence therewith;To certain material, in ultrasound non-linear coefficient with connecing
After quantitative relationship between collection of letters fundamental voltage amplitude, harmonic amplitude, by ultrasonic second order nonlinear coefficient and third-order nonlinear optical coefficient
Non-linear ultrasonic comprehensive parameters are combined as to calculate residual stress.It can meet residual inside the widely used large-scale component of aerospace
Fast checking detection, pipeline internal residual stress and the high ferro rail interiors residual stress and large size of residue stress distribution are rolled
The Fast nondestructive evaluation of system and forge piece internal residual stress, it will be on active service in investigation in the safety of national Grand Equipments structural member
Extensive use.
4th, it illustrates
Fig. 1 residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detecting systems form schematic diagram substantially;
The tangential residual stress non-linear ultrasonic oblique incidence rayleigh waves inspection schematic diagram in Fig. 2 surface layers;
Fig. 3 normal direction residual stress non-linear ultrasonic reflection detection method schematic diagrames;
Fig. 4 normal direction residual stress non-linear ultrasonic transmits detection method schematic diagram.
Residual stress non-linear ultrasonic on Fig. 5 any angle а directions tiltedly transmits detection method
Fig. 6 ultrasonic excitation signals trains of pulse
5th, specific embodiment
Residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection method is described in detail below:
1. residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detecting system should at least have following function:Set of frequency, ultrasonic action voltage
Control, high low-pass filtering, ultrasonic gain acceptance in control, algorithm of harmonics analysis, signal time position are shown and residual-stress value
It calculates.Typical non-linear ultrasonic detecting system forms block diagram, as shown in Figure 1.
2. material members internal residual stress is that have position (or depth), the trivector of size and Orientation, to meet
The needs of different directions residual stress detection, the detection of residual stress non-linear ultrasonic are divided into following four kinds of modes:Residual stress is non-
Linear ultrasound oblique incidence detection mode, residual stress non-linear ultrasonic reflection detection method, residual stress non-linear ultrasonic are just
Transmission detection method, any angle residual stress non-linear ultrasonic tiltedly transmit detection method.
3. in the side surface for being detected component, received using fundamental frequency transmitting longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer and 2 times or 3 frequencys multiplication super
Sonic transducer generates or receives the longitudinal wave or surface wave propagated in surface layer along surface layer in specified incident and receiving angle, can be with
Tangential residual stress in acquisition surface layer, detection method, as shown in Figure 2;Change wavelength by changing detection frequency to realize not
With the residual stress detection in depth bounds, emit by changing and receive the spacing of energy converter to adjust detection range or sensitive
Degree.
4. in the side surface for being detected component, the fundamental frequency longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer of Vertical Launch and 2 times or 3 frequencys multiplication are utilized
Ultrasonic transducer is received, in component surface normal direction by couplant generation or the longitudinal wave of receiving member internal communication, can be obtained
Component normal direction residual stress, residual stress non-linear ultrasonic reflection detection method, as shown in Figure 3.
5. emit longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer in the both side surface for being detected component respectively using fundamental frequency and 2 or 3 frequencys multiplication receive
Ultrasonic transducer is respectively perpendicular the both sides for being placed on tested component and forms ultrasound transmission detection pattern, Vertical Launch and reception
Transmission ultrasonic longitudinal wave can such as be schemed with normal direction residual stress in obtain component, residual stress non-linear ultrasonic regular transmission detection method
Shown in 4.
6. emit longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer in the both side surface for being detected component respectively using fundamental frequency and 2 or 3 frequencys multiplication receive
Ultrasonic transducer places transmitting probe and receiving transducer according to the incident angle of design (а) respectively, in the two sides of tested component
Ultrasound tiltedly transmission detection pattern is formed, oblique incidence ultrasonic longitudinal wave and mitered are received transmission ultrasonic longitudinal wave, can be obtained in α incident angles
Refraction angle direction on residual stress numerical value, residual stress non-linear ultrasonic tiltedly transmits detection method, as shown in Figure 5.
7. pumping signal requires both have higher amplitude in non-linear ultrasonic detection (usual driving voltage is more than 200V)
Higher frequency (usual frequency is more than 1MHz), usually chooses train of pulse as pumping signal, usual burst periods quantity
Between 5-15, as shown in Figure 6.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection method, the non-linear ultrasonic testing principle based on residual stress, remnants should
Power size will influence the size of ultrasound second order coefficient β and three level number δ components, and have certain correspondence therewith;To certain
Material, it is in ultrasound non-linear coefficient and after receiving quantitative relationship between signal fundamental voltage amplitude, harmonic amplitude, ultrasonic second order is non-
Linear coefficient and third-order nonlinear optical coefficient are combined as non-linear ultrasonic comprehensive parameters to calculate residual stress.
2. residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Residual stress size will
The size of ultrasound second order coefficient β and three level number δ components is influenced, and has certain correspondence therewith.
3. residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:To certain material,
After quantitative relationship between ultrasound non-linear coefficient and reception signal fundamental voltage amplitude, harmonic amplitude, by ultrasonic second nonlinear system
Number and third-order nonlinear optical coefficient are combined as non-linear ultrasonic comprehensive parameters to calculate residual stress.
4. residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection method according to claim 1, characteristics of detection system are:Remnants should
Power non-linear ultrasonic detecting system should at least have following function:Set of frequency, ultrasonic action voltage control, high low-pass filtering,
Ultrasonic gain acceptance in control, algorithm of harmonics analysis, signal time position is shown and the calculating of residual-stress value.
5. residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection method according to claim 1, characteristics of detection system are:Material structure
Part internal residual stress is that have position (or depth), the trivector of size and Orientation, to meet different directions residual stress
The needs of detection, the detection of residual stress non-linear ultrasonic are divided into following four kinds of modes:Residual stress nonlinear ultrasonic oblique incidence
It is detection mode, residual stress non-linear ultrasonic reflection detection method, residual stress non-linear ultrasonic regular transmission detection method, arbitrary
Angle residual stress non-linear ultrasonic tiltedly transmits detection method.
6. residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection method according to claim 5, residual stress nonlinear ultrasonic
Oblique incidence detection is characterized in that:In the side surface for being detected component, emit longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer and 2 times or 3 using fundamental frequency
Frequency multiplication receives ultrasonic transducer, and the longitudinal wave or table propagated in surface layer along surface layer are generated or receive in specified incident and receiving angle
Surface wave can obtain tangential residual stress, detection method in surface layer;Change wavelength by changing detection frequency to realize difference
Residual stress detection in depth bounds emits by changing and receives the spacing of energy converter to adjust detection range or sensitive
Degree.
7. residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection method according to claim 5, residual stress non-linear ultrasonic are anti-
Detection is penetrated to be characterized in that:In the side surface for being detected component, using the fundamental frequency longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer of Vertical Launch and 2 times or
3 frequencys multiplication receive ultrasonic transducer, can in component surface normal direction by couplant generation or the longitudinal wave of receiving member internal communication
With obtain component normal direction residual stress, residual stress non-linear ultrasonic reflection detection method.
8. residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection method according to claim 5, residual stress non-linear ultrasonic is just
Transmission detection is characterized in that:Respectively in the both side surface for being detected component, emit longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer and 2 or 3 using fundamental frequency
Frequency multiplication receives ultrasonic transducer, is respectively perpendicular the both sides for being placed on tested component and forms ultrasound transmission detection pattern, vertical to send out
Transmission ultrasonic longitudinal wave is penetrated and receives, it can be with normal direction residual stress in obtain component, the detection of residual stress non-linear ultrasonic regular transmission
Method.
9. residual stress non-linear ultrasonic detection method according to claim 5, the remnants on any angle а directions
Stress non-linear ultrasonic tiltedly transmits detection and is characterized in that:Respectively in the both side surface for being detected component, emit longitudinal wave using fundamental frequency
Ultrasonic transducer and 2 or 3 frequencys multiplication receive ultrasonic transducer, place transmitting probe according to the incident angle of design (а) respectively and connect
Probe is received, ultrasonic tiltedly transmission detection pattern is formed in the two sides of tested component, it is super that oblique incidence ultrasonic longitudinal wave and mitered receive transmission
Sound longitudinal wave, can obtain the residual stress numerical value on the refraction angle direction of α incident angles, and residual stress non-linear ultrasonic is oblique
Transmit detection method.
10. ultrasonic action voltage control according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:Letter is encouraged in non-linear ultrasonic detection
Number requirement had both had higher amplitude (usual driving voltage is more than 200V) and higher frequency (usual frequency is more than 1MHz), led to
Train of pulse is often chosen as pumping signal, usual burst periods quantity is between 5-15.
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CN111208196A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-05-29 | 郑州国电机械设计研究所有限公司 | Nonlinear ultrasonic detection method for early fatigue damage of high-strength bolt |
CN111460702A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-07-28 | 扬州大学 | Structural part damage identification method based on forward and reverse damage feature fusion |
CN111521312A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-08-11 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | Method for calibrating residual stress of optical fiber measurement material based on blind hole method |
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CN112097972A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-12-18 | 佛山方竹科技有限公司 | Method for rapidly measuring internal stress of building ceramic plate and application |
CN112609067A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-04-06 | 北京理工大学 | In-situ low-stress welding method for large three-dimensional complex aluminum alloy component |
CN112880895A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-06-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Nonlinear ultrasonic wave-based large-scale high-speed rotation equipment blade residual stress measurement method |
CN113899487A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2022-01-07 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Spatial three-dimensional residual stress ultrasonic detection method |
CN114061804A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-02-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Air coupling ultrasonic stress detection system based on collinear frequency mixing technology and detection method thereof |
CN114061805A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-02-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Air coupling Lamb wave nonlinear ultrasonic stress detection method, system and device for fiber reinforced composite material |
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CN111208196A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-05-29 | 郑州国电机械设计研究所有限公司 | Nonlinear ultrasonic detection method for early fatigue damage of high-strength bolt |
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CN112880895A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-06-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Nonlinear ultrasonic wave-based large-scale high-speed rotation equipment blade residual stress measurement method |
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CN111460702B (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2023-06-20 | 扬州大学 | Structural member damage identification method based on forward and reverse damage feature fusion |
CN111521312A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-08-11 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | Method for calibrating residual stress of optical fiber measurement material based on blind hole method |
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CN112097972B (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2022-04-05 | 佛山方竹科技有限公司 | Method for rapidly measuring internal stress of building ceramic plate and application |
CN112083080A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-12-15 | 中南大学 | Nonlinear pulse reflection measuring device, and device and method for checking probe in nonlinear pulse reflection measuring device |
CN112083080B (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2022-03-18 | 中南大学 | Nonlinear pulse reflection measuring device, and device and method for checking probe in nonlinear pulse reflection measuring device |
CN112609067A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-04-06 | 北京理工大学 | In-situ low-stress welding method for large three-dimensional complex aluminum alloy component |
CN113899487A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2022-01-07 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Spatial three-dimensional residual stress ultrasonic detection method |
CN114061804A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-02-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Air coupling ultrasonic stress detection system based on collinear frequency mixing technology and detection method thereof |
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CN114878047A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-09 | 北京工业大学 | Water immersion type lamb wave collinear mixing detection system and method for residual stress detection in metal plate |
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