CN110887898A - Square tube detection method and device based on ultrasonic guided waves - Google Patents
Square tube detection method and device based on ultrasonic guided waves Download PDFInfo
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- CN110887898A CN110887898A CN201911239980.XA CN201911239980A CN110887898A CN 110887898 A CN110887898 A CN 110887898A CN 201911239980 A CN201911239980 A CN 201911239980A CN 110887898 A CN110887898 A CN 110887898A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/043—Analysing solids in the interior, e.g. by shear waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/042—Wave modes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/044—Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects
Abstract
The invention discloses a square tube detection method and a device based on ultrasonic guided waves, wherein the method comprises the following steps: calculating a phase velocity and group velocity dispersion curve of the square tube by a semi-analytic finite element method, and selecting an excitation mode and an excitation frequency according to the phase velocity and group velocity dispersion curve; arranging an ultrasonic sensor at one end of the square tube, wherein the ultrasonic sensor is an excitation sensor and a receiving sensor; the signal generator generates a pulse signal with the excitation frequency as the central frequency, the pulse signal is input into the excitation sensor through the power amplifier and the change-over switch, and ultrasonic guided waves with the required mode and frequency are excited in the square tube; the frequency ultrasonic guided wave is transmitted in the square tube, reaches the end face, is reflected and then is received by the receiving sensor, and is transmitted to the oscilloscope for displaying, so that a signal waveform display image is obtained; and comparing the waveform display graph of the tested square tube with the waveform display graph of the undamaged square tube. The invention can detect the surface defects of the sample and can also detect and evaluate the internal damage of the sample.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a detection method of a square tube, in particular to a square tube detection method and device based on ultrasonic guided waves.
Background
The square tube can be used for construction, machine manufacturing, projects such as steel construction, shipbuilding, solar power generation supports, steel structure engineering, electric power engineering, power plants, agricultural and chemical machinery, glass curtain walls, automobile chassis, airports, boiler construction, highway railings, house construction, pressure vessels, oil storage tanks, bridges, power station equipment, hoisting and transportation machinery and other welding structural parts with higher load, and the like. Square pipe mainly is used in bearing structure and support, guardrail isotructure, plays the supporting role, if there is the defect, and can not do in time detect, and the fracture accident can take place, causes huge economic loss. Therefore, the detection of the square tube is particularly necessary and urgent.
At present, the detection method of the square tube is few, for example, an ultrasonic opposite inner wall reflection method is proposed in the document 'ultrasonic detection method of the CFRP composite material with the square tube structure with the small section', such as high dawn, Zhou jin Shuai, Zhang Ferfu and the like. The method adopts a liquid immersion mode for coupling, is a detection method for the composite material square tube, is suitable for smaller test pieces, and is difficult if the length is longer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a square tube detection method and device based on ultrasonic guided waves, wherein the energy of the guided waves can be rapidly transmitted along with the square tube structure in a long distance in the square tube detection process, the defects of the prior art based on an ultrasonic longitudinal wave detection method are overcome, and the detection efficiency is greatly improved compared with the traditional ultrasonic longitudinal wave detection method.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a square tube detection method based on ultrasonic guided waves comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating a frequency dispersion curve of a phase velocity and a group velocity of a tested square tube test piece by a semi-analytic finite element method according to physical parameters and geometric parameters of the tested square tube test piece;
s2, selecting an excitation mode and an excitation frequency in a relatively straight range on the dispersion curve according to the dispersion curve calculated in the step S1;
s3, arranging an ultrasonic sensor at one end of the tested square tube test piece, wherein the ultrasonic sensor is used as an excitation sensor and a receiving sensor;
s4, generating a periodic pulse signal with the excitation frequency as the center frequency through a signal generator, and inputting the periodic pulse signal into an excitation sensor through a power amplifier and a change-over switch, so that ultrasonic guided waves with required modes and frequencies are excited in the tested square tube test piece, wherein the excited ultrasonic guided waves are transmitted in the tested square tube test piece, and are received by a receiving sensor after being reflected by the end face of the tested square tube test piece;
s5, transmitting the signals received by the receiving sensor to an oscilloscope for displaying to obtain a waveform display image of the detected square tube;
s6, comparing the waveform display image of the detected square tube with the waveform display image of a lossless square tube of the same type, and if no other reflected echo appears before the first end face reflected echo, indicating that the interior of the detected square tube is free of defects; if another reflected echo appears before the first end face reflected echo, the square tube to be detected has a defect.
The method utilizes the reflection characteristic of ultrasonic guided waves to compare the waveform display graph of the detected square tube with the waveform display graph of the nondestructive square tube so as to realize the detection and evaluation of the internal defects of the detected square tube.
And selecting a proper ultrasonic sensor to excite the ultrasonic guided wave in the square tube structure according to the wave structure of the selected excitation point.
The square tube detection device adopted by the method comprises an upper computer, a signal generator, a power amplifier, a change-over switch, an oscilloscope and an ultrasonic sensor; the upper computer sends out required excitation modes and frequencies, transmits the excitation modes and the frequencies to the signal generator, amplifies the excitation modes and the frequencies through the power amplifier, couples the excitation modes and the frequencies into the detected square tube through the ultrasonic sensor serving as the excitation sensor, generates an ultrasonic guided wave packet in the detected square tube, reflects the ultrasonic guided wave packet back after the ultrasonic guided wave is transmitted to the end face of the detected square tube, and is received by the ultrasonic sensor serving as the receiving sensor, and the received signals are transmitted to the oscilloscope for display and subsequent processing after being amplified through the power amplifier.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the embodiment of the invention provides a square tube detection method based on ultrasonic guided waves, which selects a guided wave mode with small frequency dispersion as an excitation signal according to a phase velocity and group velocity frequency dispersion curve of a square tube, excites the ultrasonic guided waves in the square tube, compares a waveform display image of the square tube to be detected with a waveform display image of a lossless square tube, and realizes the detection of the square tube. Compared with the traditional point-to-point longitudinal wave ultrasonic detection method, the square tube detection method based on the ultrasonic guided waves has the advantages of high efficiency, high detection speed, low detection cost, high detection accuracy and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a detection apparatus of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a square tube;
FIG. 3 is a phase velocity and group velocity dispersion curve diagram of a tested square tube specimen which is made of 20# steel, has the dimensions of 60x60mm, has the thickness of 2mm and the length of 3m and is calculated by a semi-analytic finite element method;
FIG. 4 is a waveform display diagram of a lossless square tube;
FIG. 5 is a waveform display of a defective square tube under inspection.
Detailed Description
An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a square tube detection method and device based on ultrasonic guided waves, wherein the device comprises an upper computer 1, a signal generator 2, a power amplifier 3, a change-over switch 4, an oscilloscope 5 and an ultrasonic sensor 7; the upper computer 1 sends out required excitation modes and frequencies, transmits the excitation modes and the frequencies to the signal generator 2, amplifies the excitation modes and the frequencies through the power amplifier 3, couples the excitation modes and the frequencies into the square tube 6 through the excitation sensor 7, generates an ultrasonic guided wave packet 8 in the square tube 6, reflects the ultrasonic guided wave back after the ultrasonic guided wave is transmitted to the end face of the square tube and is received by the receiving sensor 7, and the received signals are amplified through the amplifier 3 and then are sent to the oscilloscope 5 for display and subsequent processing. A schematic of the square tube cross-section 9 in figure 1 is shown in figure 2.
The invention discloses a square tube detection method based on ultrasonic guided waves, which comprises the following steps:
s1, the tested square tube test piece is made of 20# steel, the size is 60x60mm, the thickness is 2mm, the length is 3m, and a phase velocity and group velocity dispersion curve (shown in a figure 3) of the square tube is calculated by a semi-analytic finite element method;
s2, according to the frequency dispersion curve calculated in S1, selecting 64KHz as an excitation frequency in a relatively straight range (such as a square box mark in figure 3) on the frequency dispersion curve;
s3, arranging an ultrasonic sensor at one end of the tested square tube test piece, wherein the ultrasonic sensor is an excitation sensor and a receiving sensor; the ultrasonic sensor is a piezoelectric wafer ultrasonic sensor, the specific length is 30mm, the width is 5mm, the piezoelectric wafer is used as the ultrasonic sensor due to the piezoelectric effect, the piezoelectric effect comprises an inverse piezoelectric effect and a positive piezoelectric effect, the inverse piezoelectric effect can convert an electric signal into a mechanical signal, ultrasonic waves can be transmitted, and the positive piezoelectric effect converts the mechanical signal into the electric signal, so that the ultrasonic waves can be received. According to the method, a proper ultrasonic sensor is selected to excite ultrasonic guided waves in a square tube structure according to the wave structure of a selected excitation point, the mode of the waves under the frequency with gentle group speed change is selected according to a dispersion curve graph, the cycle number of the waves is 20, Hamming window windowing processing is carried out, and the experimental result of the waves with the cycle number of 20 is best after the experimental comparison of the cycle numbers of 5, 10 and 20; the piezoelectric wafer sensor is adopted, so that ultrasonic waves can be transmitted and received, and through test comparison, the more the piezoelectric wafers are, the greater the amplitude of the received reflection echo is, the more the pipe diameter perimeter is synthesized, and the best piezoelectric wafer is selected from 24 piezoelectric wafers.
S4, generating a 20-period pulse signal with excitation frequency of 64KHz as a central frequency by a signal generator, inputting the pulse signal into an excitation sensor through a power amplifier, and exciting ultrasonic guided waves with required modes and frequencies in a square tube; when the frequency ultrasonic guided wave is transmitted in the tested square tube test piece, reflection and scattering can be generated when the frequency ultrasonic guided wave meets defects, and the frequency ultrasonic guided wave is received by a receiving sensor when being transmitted to a receiving end;
s5, the receiving sensor transmits the received signal to an oscilloscope for displaying to obtain a signal waveform display image; and comparing the waveform display graph of the tested square tube with the waveform display graph of the undamaged square tube. The method utilizes the reflection characteristic of ultrasonic guided waves to compare the waveform display graph of the detected square tube with the waveform display graph of the nondestructive square tube so as to realize the detection and evaluation of the internal defects of the detected square tube. Wherein, fig. 4 is a waveform display diagram of a nondestructive square tube, and fig. 5 is a waveform display diagram of a detected square tube with a defect, which is referred to a square mark (the defect is located at the middle position 1.5m of the square tube);
s6, comparing the waveform display image of the detected square tube with the waveform display image of a lossless square tube of the same type, and if no other reflected echo appears before the first end face reflected echo, indicating that the interior of the detected square tube is free of defects; if another reflected echo appears before the first end face reflected echo, the square tube to be detected has a defect. The end face reflection echo is triggered by original excitation wave, and is reflected at one end without a sensor to be received by the sensor, namely the end face reflection echo, and then is transmitted and played, and is reflected by the end without the sensor to be received by the sensor, and the peak values of the end face reflection echo are reduced in sequence. The invention only studies the waveform display graph between the original excitation wave and the first time end face reflection echo.
According to the invention, a guided wave mode with small frequency dispersion is selected as an excitation signal according to the phase velocity and group velocity frequency dispersion curve of the square tube, ultrasonic guided waves are excited in the square tube, and the waveform display image of the square tube to be detected is compared with the waveform display image of the nondestructive square tube, so that the square tube is detected. Compared with the traditional point-to-point longitudinal wave ultrasonic detection method, the square tube detection method based on the ultrasonic guided waves has the advantages of high efficiency, high detection speed, low detection cost, high detection accuracy and the like.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and any changes that can be made by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A square tube detection method based on ultrasonic guided waves is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, calculating a frequency dispersion curve of a phase velocity and a group velocity of a tested square tube test piece by a semi-analytic finite element method according to physical parameters and geometric parameters of the tested square tube test piece;
s2, selecting an excitation mode and an excitation frequency in a relatively straight range on the dispersion curve according to the dispersion curve calculated in the step S1;
s3, arranging an ultrasonic sensor at one end of the tested square tube test piece, wherein the ultrasonic sensor is used as an excitation sensor and a receiving sensor;
s4, generating a periodic pulse signal with the excitation frequency as the center frequency through a signal generator, and inputting the periodic pulse signal into an excitation sensor through a power amplifier and a change-over switch, so that ultrasonic guided waves with required modes and frequencies are excited in the tested square tube test piece, wherein the excited ultrasonic guided waves are transmitted in the tested square tube test piece, and are received by a receiving sensor after being reflected by the end face of the tested square tube test piece;
s5, transmitting the signals received by the receiving sensor to an oscilloscope for displaying to obtain a waveform display image of the detected square tube;
s6, comparing the waveform display image of the detected square tube with the waveform display image of a lossless square tube of the same type, and if no other reflected echo appears before the first end face reflected echo, indicating that the interior of the detected square tube is free of defects; if another reflected echo appears before the first end face reflected echo, the square tube to be detected has a defect.
2. The square tube detection method based on the ultrasonic guided waves according to claim 1, wherein the method utilizes the reflection characteristics of the ultrasonic guided waves to compare the waveform display of the detected square tube with the waveform display of the nondestructive square tube, so as to detect and evaluate the internal defects of the detected square tube.
3. The square tube detection method based on the ultrasonic guided waves according to claim 1, wherein an appropriate ultrasonic sensor is selected to excite the ultrasonic guided waves in the square tube structure according to the wave structure of the selected excitation point.
4. The square tube detection method based on the ultrasonic guided waves according to claim 1, wherein the square tube detection device adopted by the method comprises an upper computer (1), a signal generator (2), a power amplifier (3), a change-over switch (4), an oscilloscope (5) and an ultrasonic sensor (7); the upper computer (1) sends out required excitation modes and frequencies, transmits the excitation modes and the frequencies to the signal generator (2), amplifies the excitation modes and the frequencies through the power amplifier (3), couples the excitation modes and the frequencies into the detected square tube (6) through the ultrasonic sensor (7) serving as an excitation sensor, generates an ultrasonic guided wave packet (8) in the detected square tube (6), and transmits the ultrasonic guided wave to the end face of the detected square tube (6) to be reflected back when the ultrasonic guided wave is transmitted and received by the ultrasonic sensor (7) serving as a receiving sensor at the same time, and transmits the received signals to the oscilloscope (5) for display and subsequent processing after the received signals are amplified through the power amplifier (3).
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| CN113009554A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-06-22 | 国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司华南分公司 | Method and device for detecting bolt group connection loosening condition based on SH guided waves |
| CN113295766A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-08-24 | 杭州申昊科技股份有限公司 | System and method for detecting rail defects based on guided waves |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111812207A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-10-23 | 大连理工大学 | Non-reference damage diagnosis imaging method based on ultrasonic guided wave conversion mode extraction |
| CN113009554A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-06-22 | 国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司华南分公司 | Method and device for detecting bolt group connection loosening condition based on SH guided waves |
| CN113295766A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-08-24 | 杭州申昊科技股份有限公司 | System and method for detecting rail defects based on guided waves |
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