CN1973980A - 包含固体/聚醚/聚酯的分散剂 - Google Patents
包含固体/聚醚/聚酯的分散剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1973980A CN1973980A CNA2006101486652A CN200610148665A CN1973980A CN 1973980 A CN1973980 A CN 1973980A CN A2006101486652 A CNA2006101486652 A CN A2006101486652A CN 200610148665 A CN200610148665 A CN 200610148665A CN 1973980 A CN1973980 A CN 1973980A
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/16—Amines or polyamines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/02—Emulsion paints including aerosols
- C09D5/024—Emulsion paints including aerosols characterised by the additives
- C09D5/027—Dispersing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
- C09B67/0071—Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dehydrating agents; Dispersing agents; Dustfree compositions
- C09B67/0084—Dispersions of dyes
- C09B67/0085—Non common dispersing agents
- C09B67/009—Non common dispersing agents polymeric dispersing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/03—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
- C09D11/32—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents
- C09D11/324—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents containing carbon black
- C09D11/326—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents containing carbon black characterised by the pigment dispersant
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/03—Powdery paints
- C09D5/033—Powdery paints characterised by the additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
本发明提供了通过如下物质的完全或部分反应可以获得的固体分散剂:A)一种或多种氨基官能化的固体与B)一种或多种通式(I)/(Ia)的聚酯 T-C(O)-[O-A-C(O)] x-OH (I) T-O-[C(O)-A-O-] y-Z (Ia)和/或C)一种或多种通式(II)/(IIa)的聚醚 T-C(O)-B-Z (II)T-O-B-Z (IIa)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新型的分散剂、它们的制备以及它们用于分散固体的用途。
背景技术
对于固体(例如填料、染料或颜料)在液体介质中的分散,为了获得固体的有效分散,降低分散所需的机械剪切力并且同时实现非常高程度的填充,习惯的做法是使用分散剂。当分散剂作为表面活性材料湿润和/或覆盖要分散的颗粒的表面时,分散剂帮助团块的分裂,并且稳定所述颗粒使之不会进行不需要的重新团聚。
在油漆、清漆、印刷油墨和其它涂覆材料的制备中,分散剂便于固体(例如作为重要的配方成分是这种系统的视觉外观和物理化学性质的实质决定因素的填料和颜料)的结合。最优的使用需要首先在配制品中均匀地分配这些固体,其次一旦获得配制品后稳定分配状态。
大量不同的物质现在用作固体的分散剂。除了非常简单的、低分子量的化合物,例如卵磷脂、脂肪酸和它们的盐、以及烷基酚乙氧基化物外,还使用更复杂的高分子量结构作为分散剂。此处特别是发现氨基官能化的和酰氨基官能化的系统的广泛用途。
举例来说,US-A-4 224 212、EP-B-0 208 041、WO-A-00/24503和WO-A-01/21298描述了基于聚酯改性的聚胺的分散剂。DE-B-19732 251描述了聚胺盐及其用作颜料和填料的分散剂的用途。
但是,使用这些产品也伴有许多缺点:当它们用于颜料糊剂中时,经常需要高水平的分散添加剂;糊剂中颜料化的可实现水平是令人不满意的低;糊剂的稳定性及因此它们的粘度一致性是不足的;以及不能总是避免絮凝和聚集。在许多情况下,糊剂缺乏在储存后的色度的一致性,并且缺乏与各种粘合剂的相容性。在许多情况中,使用已知的分散添加剂还不利地影响涂覆材料的耐水性或光稳定性,并且另外它们还稳定了在制备和加工过程中产生的不需要的泡沫。另外,由于在大量的调漆载色剂(letdown vehicles)中缺乏分散剂的相容性,通常不利地影响光泽度。
因此,存在对与现有技术相比表现出进一步改善的性质的固体分散剂增长的需求。需求对于大量不同的固体具有非常高稳定作用的分散剂。
例如,通过更有效的分散剂,可以降低所用高价颜料的水平而不用必须接受色强度的降低。
另外,糊剂、油漆、清漆、印刷油墨和包括染料、固体例如填料和/或颜料的其它涂覆材料的粘度特性决定性地由所用的分散剂共同决定。此处的要求特别是针对于在液体油漆和清漆中产生非常低的粘度并且还保持这种粘度,优选是牛顿粘度行为的分散剂。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供表现出改善的分散性能并且对包含固体的配制品的粘度和流变能力具有正面影响的固体分散剂。
令人惊奇地,现在已经发现通过如下物质的完全或部分反应可以获得的新型固体分散剂实现了上述目的:
A)一种或多种氨基官能化的固体与
B)一种或多种通式(I)/(Ia)的聚酯
T-C(O)-[O-A-C(O)]x-OH (I)
T-O-[C(O)-A-O-]y-Z (Ia)
和/或
C)一种或多种通式(II)/(IIa)的聚醚
T-C(O)-B-Z (II)
T-O-B-Z (IIa)
其中,
T是氢和/或具有1-24个碳原子的取代的或未取代的、直链或支链的芳基、芳烷基、烷基或者烯基,
A是选自直链、支链、环状和芳香烃中的至少一种二价基团,
Z是选自磺酸、硫酸、膦酸、磷酸、羧酸、异氰酸酯、环氧化物、特别是磷酸和(甲基)丙烯酸中的至少一种的基团,
B是通式(III)的基团
-(C1H21O)a-(CmH2mO)b-(CnH2nO)c-(SO)d- (III)
a、b和c彼此独立地是
0-100的值,
条件是a+b+c之和大于等于0,优选为5-35,特别优选为10-20,并且a+b+c+d之和大于0,
d≥0,优选为1-5,
l、m和n彼此独立地大于等于2,优选为2-4,并且
x和y彼此独立地大于等于2。
反应产物可以是酰胺和/或相应盐的形式。在残基“Z”具有重键的情况下,例如可以是从醇开始制备的聚醚和聚酯,其中端基OH基团已经用例如(甲基)丙烯酸的不饱和酸酯化的情况,借助NH官能团对双键的迈克尔加成发生键合。
氨基官能化的固体的实例是氨基官能化的纳米级粉末。
根据本发明存在的氨基官能化的固体的特性和来源不受限制。但是,优选可以从金属、金属氧化物、金属硼化物、金属碳化物、金属碳酸盐、金属氮化物、金属磷酸盐、金属硫属化物、金属硫酸盐和/或金属卤化物形式的固体制备氨基官能化的固体。
金属可以优选是Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs、Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Sc、Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、O、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ag、Cd、Hg、B、Al、Ga、In、Te、Se、Tl、Si、Ge、Sn、Pb、P、As、Sb和/或Bi。对于本发明来说,本发明还应该包括非金属B、Si或P。
特别地,可以从包含元素Si、Al、Ti、Fe、Ce、In、Sb、Zn、Sn、Y和/或Zr的金属氧化物制备所述氨基官能化的固体。举例来说如在EP-A-1 284 485或EP A-1 468 962中所述,如果从例如混合金属氧化物的固体,例如氧化铟锡、氧化锑锡和具有基质畴结构的混合氧化物制备氨基官能化的固体会是特别有利的。
特别地,例如在WO-A-00/14017中所述,氨基官能化的固体还可以包括通过沉淀制备的金属氧化物。
通过在室温下用表面改性剂对氧化物进行喷雾,然后使混合物在50-400℃的温度下接受热处理1-6小时的时间,可以完成固体的氨基官能化表面改性来形成氨基改性的固体。
可选的方法是:通过用蒸气形式的表面改性剂处理氧化物,然后在50-800℃的温度下使混合物接受热处理0.5-6小时的时间,可以完成氧化物表面改性。
热处理可以在惰性气体,举例来说如氮气中进行。
表面改性可以在具有喷雾装置的可加热的加热器和干燥器中连续或者分批地完成。适当的设备例如包括下面的设备:犁铧式混合器、板式干燥器、沸腾床干燥器或者流化床干燥器。
可以使用下面列举的所有表面改性剂,以及这些表面改性剂的混合物。所用的表面改性剂还可以是下面列举的氨基官能化的聚合物。
作为表面改性剂,优选可以使用氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-(2-氨基乙基)-3-氨丙基-甲基二甲氧基硅烷和3-氨基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷,并且特别优选地可以使用氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷和氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷作为表面改性剂。
a) (RO)3Si(CH2)m-R’型有机硅烷
R 烷基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基,
m 0.1-20,
R’ -NH2、
-NH-CH2-CH2-NH2
-N-(CH2-CH2-CH2)2、
-NH-CH2-CH2-NH-CH2-CH2-NH2,
b) (R”)x(RO)ySi(CH2)m-R’型有机硅烷
R 烷基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基,
R” 烷基、环烷基,
x+y 3,
x 1、2,
y 1、2,
R’ -NH2、
-NH-CH2-CH2-NH2、
-N-(CH2-CH2-NH2)2、
-NH-CH2-CH2-NH-CH2-CH2-NH2,
c) X3Si(CH2)m-R’型卤代有机硅烷
X Cl、Br,
m 0.1-20,
R’ -NH2、
-NH-CH2-CH2-NH2、
-N-(CH2-CH2-NH2)2、
-NH-CH2-CH2-NH-CH2-CH2-NH2,
d) (R)2Xy Si(CH2)m-R’型卤代有机硅烷
X Cl、Br,
z+y 3,
z 1、2,
y 1、2,
R 烷基、环烷基,
m 0.1-20,
R’ -NH2、
-NH-CH2-CH2-NH2、
-N-(CH2-CH2-NH2)2、
-NH-CH2-CH2-NH-CH2-CH2-NH2。
反应产物可以是酰胺和/或相应盐的形式。在残基“Z”具有重键的情况下,例如可以是从醇开始制备的聚醚和聚酯,其中端基OH基团已经用例如(甲基)丙烯酸的不饱和酸酯化的情况下,借助NH官能团对双键的迈克尔加成发生键合。
氨基官能化聚合物的实例是氨基官能化的聚氨基酸,例如购自Aldrich Chemical Co.的聚赖氨酸;以商品名TegomerASi 2122购自Degussa AG的氨基官能化的硅氧烷;以商品名Polypox、Aradur或“Starburst”树枝状高分子购自Aldrich Chemical Co.的聚酰氨基胺;以商品名PAA购自Nitto Boseki的聚烯丙胺和聚(N-烷基)烯丙胺;以商品名Lupamin购自BASF AG的聚乙烯胺;以商品名Epomin(Nippon Shokubai Co.,Ltd.)和Lupasol(BASF AG)购得的聚亚烷基亚胺,例如聚乙烯亚胺;以及以商品名Astramol购自DSM AG的聚丙烯亚胺。氨基官能化聚合物的其它实例包括与胺反应性基团交联的上述系统。例如,这种交联反应借助多官能团的异氰酸酯、羧酸、(甲基)丙烯酸酯和环氧化物来发生。其它实例是包含二甲基氨基丙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺(Degussa AG)或者二甲基氨基乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯(Degussa AG)作为单体的聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物。
本领域人员意识到还可以使用其它的氨基官能化聚合物。
典型使用的氨基官能化聚合物是那些分子量为400g/mol-600000g/mol的聚合物。
对于本发明来说,纳米级意指平均聚集体尺寸或者团聚体尺寸≤1000nm和/或初级粒径≤100nm的氨基官能化的固体。
本发明糊剂中的纳米级氨基官能化的固体的平均直径优选小于300nm,并且更优选小于200nm。
基团T的实例是具有1-24个碳原子的烷基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、己基、异己基、辛基、壬基、异壬基、癸基、十二烷基、十六烷基和十八烷基。具有不超过24个碳原子的未取代的或者取代的芳基或芳烷基的实例是苯基、苄基、甲苯基或苯乙基。
聚酯基团-[O-A-C(O)]x-和-[C(O)-A-O-]y-平均包括2个以上酯基,并且平均分子量Mn为100-5000g/mol,特别优选地给出值Mn=200-2000g/mol。
在本发明一个特别优选的实施方案中,通过使用例如T-CH2-OH或T-COOH的起始分子和一种或多种内酯,例如β-丙内酯、β-丁内酯、γ-丁内酯、3,6-二甲基-1,4-二烷-2,5-二酮、δ-戊内酯、γ-戊内酯、ε-己内酯、γ-己内酯、4-甲基己内酯、2-甲基己内酯、5-羟基十二内酯、12-羟基十二内酯、12-羟基-9-十八碳烯酸、12-羟基十八烷酸的开环聚合的传统方法获得所述聚酯基团。
优选例如T-COOH-以及由其可制备的脂肪醇T-CH2-OH形式的起始分子,是本领域常用且已知的一价脂肪酸并且基于具有6-24个碳原子,特别是具有12-18个碳原子的天然植物或动物脂肪和油,例如己酸、辛酸、癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、异硬脂酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、岩芹酸、反油酸、花生酸、二十二酸、芥子酸、顺式9-二十碳烯酸、菜籽油脂肪酸、豆油脂肪酸、向日葵油脂肪酸、妥尔油脂肪酸,它们可以单独或者以其甘油酯、甲酯或乙酯形式的混合物使用,或者作为游离酸,以及在加压裂解的过程中获得的工业混合物使用。具有相似链分布的所有脂肪酸原则上都是合适的。
在所需的范围内,通过已知的催化氢化方法,将这些脂肪酸或脂肪酸酯的不饱和含量调节至所需的碘值,或者通过混和完全氢化的与未氢化的脂肪组分来实现。
作为脂肪酸平均饱和度指标的碘值是在使双键饱和时由100g化合物吸收的碘的量。
不仅脂肪酸,而且所得的醇都可以通过与氧化烯、尤其是氧化乙烯和/或氧化苯乙烯的加成反应来改性。
B的聚醚单元的实例是氧化烯:例如氧化乙烯、氧化丙烯、氧化丁烯、氧化苯乙烯、氧化十二碳烯、氧化十四碳烯、2,3-二甲基环氧乙烷、氧化环戊烯、1,2-环氧戊烷、2-异丙基环氧乙烷、缩水甘油基甲酯、缩水甘油基异丙酯、表氯醇、3-甲氧基-2,2-二甲基环氧乙烷、8-氧杂双环-[5.1.0]-辛烷、2-戊基环氧乙烷、2-甲基-3-苯基环氧乙烷、2,3-环氧丙苯、2-(4-氟苯基)环氧乙烷、四氢呋喃,以及它们纯的对映体对或者对映体混合物。
基团Z可以由羧酸酐,例如琥珀酸酐、马来酸酐或邻苯二甲酸酐的加合物构成。
本发明的其它主题包括本发明的分散剂用于在液体介质中分散固体,以及包括这些分散剂的分散体,举例来说如颜料糊剂、涂覆材料、印刷油墨和/或印刷清漆的用途。
用于本发明的固体原则上可以任意固体有机或无机材料。
这些固体的实例是以分散体形式使用的颜料、填料、染料、光学增白剂、陶瓷材料、磁性材料、纳米级分散固体、金属、抗微生物剂、农业化学品和药。
优选的固体是例如在Colour Index,第三版,第3卷以及后续修订版(The Society of Dyers and Colourists(1982))中指定的颜料。
颜料的实例是无机颜料,例如炭黑、二氧化钛、氧化锌、普鲁士蓝、铁氧化物、硫化镉、铬颜料,例如铅、锌、钡、钙的铬酸盐、钼酸盐和混合铬酸盐和硫酸盐、以及它们的混合物。在H.Endriss的书籍Aktuelle anorganische Bunt-Pigmente,Vincentz Verlag,Hanover(1997)中给出了无机颜料的其它实例。
有机颜料的实例选自偶氮、重氮、缩合偶氮、萘酚、金属络合物、硫靛蓝、阴丹酮、异阴丹酮、蒽嵌蒽二酮、蒽醌、异二苯并蒽酮、三苯二嗪、喹吖啶酮、苝、二酮吡咯并吡咯和酞菁颜料。在W.Herbst,K.Hunger的书籍Industrial Organic Pigments,VCH,Weinheim(1993)中给出了有机颜料的其它实例。
其它的优选固体是填料,例如滑石、高岭土、二氧化硅、重晶石和石灰;陶瓷材料,例如氧化铝、硅酸盐、氧化锆、二氧化钛、氮化硼、四氮化三硅、碳化硼、混合的硅/铝氮化物、以及金属钛酸盐;磁性材料,例如过渡金属的磁性氧化层,例如铁氧化物、掺杂钴的-铁氧化物、以及铁酸盐;金属,例如铁、镍、钴和它们的合金;以及抗微生物剂、农业化学品和药物,例如杀真菌剂。
用于本发明的颜料糊剂、涂覆材料、印刷油墨和印刷清漆可以是任意的非常广泛的产品。
举例来说,它们可以是包含填料、颜料和/或染料的系统。作为液体介质,它们可以包含有机溶剂和/或水,这是与所用粘合剂有关的已知的现有技术。另外,还可以将粘合剂组分看作液体介质,例如多元醇。
但是,涂覆材料、印刷油墨和/或印刷清漆不一定必须包含液体相,而是反过来还可以是称为粉末涂覆材料。
涂覆材料、印刷油墨和/或印刷清漆还可以包含典型的现有技术的添加剂,例如润湿剂、流动调节剂或者消泡剂等,并且可以根据现有技术通过许多方法固化、交联和/或干燥。
用于本发明的涂覆材料的实例是油漆、清漆、印刷油墨和其它涂覆材料,例如有溶剂和无溶剂的涂覆材料、粉末涂覆材料、UV可固化的涂覆材料、低固体含量、中等固体含量和高固体含量的汽车罩面漆、木材清漆、烤漆、2K[2-组分]涂覆材料,金属-涂覆材料和调色剂组合物。在Bodo Müller,Ulrich Poth,Lackformulierung undLackrezeptur,Lehrbuch für Ausbildung und Praxis,Vincentz Verlag,Hanover(2003)和P.G.Garrat,Strahlenhrtung,Vincentz Verlag,Hanover(1996)中给出了涂覆材料的其它实例。
用于本发明的印刷油墨和/或印刷清漆的实例是基于溶剂的印刷油墨、苯胺印刷油墨、凹版印刷油墨、凸版印刷油墨、平版印刷油墨、石版印刷油墨、用于包装印刷的印刷油墨、丝网印刷油墨、用于喷墨印刷机的油墨、喷墨油墨和例如复印清漆的印刷清漆。
在E.W.Flick,Printing Ink and Overprint Varnish Formulations-Recent Developments,Noyes Publications,Park Ridge NJ,(1990)和后续版本中给出了印刷油墨和/或印刷清漆配制品的实例。
本发明的分散剂可以以0.01重量%-90.0重量%,优选0.5重量%-35重量%,并且更优选1重量%-25重量%的浓度用于颜料糊剂、涂覆材料、印刷油墨和/或印刷清漆。如果需要,它们可以以与现有技术的润湿剂和分散剂的混合物来使用。
具体实施方式
工作实施例:
下面参考工作实施例来举例说明本发明。
原材料
氨基官能化固体:
氨基官能化固体的制备:
为了表面改性,将纳米级固体加入混合器中,并且在强烈混合下,如果合适首先用水喷雾,随后用表面改性剂喷雾。当喷雾结束时,继续混合15-30分钟,并且接着在50-400℃下热处理1-4小时。
可以用酸例如盐酸将所用的水酸化至例如pH 1-7。所用的表面改性剂可以是在溶剂例如乙醇中的溶液。
所用的纳米级固体:
使用下面列表中的热解法制备的二氧化硅Aerosil150、Aerosil200和Aerosil250。
AerosilTT600 | Aerosil90 | Aerosil130 | Aerosil150 | Aerosil200 | Aerosil300 | Aerosil380 | AerosilOX50 | |
CAS登记号 | 112945-52-5(No.:7631-86-9) | |||||||
与水的属性 | 亲水 | |||||||
外观 | 松散的白色粉末 | |||||||
BET表面积1) m2/g | 200±50 | 90±15 | 130±25 | 150±15 | 200±25 | 300±30 | 380±30 | 50±15 |
平均初级粒径 nm | 40 | 20 | 16 | 14 | 12 | 7 | 7 | 40 |
摇实密度2)正常产品 g/l压实产品 g/l(附加“C”) | 约60- | 约80- | 约50约120 | 约50约120 | 约50约120 | 约50约120 | 约50约120 | 约130- |
干燥失重3)(105℃下2h)%来自植物 | <2.5 | <1.0 | <1.5 | <0.59) | <1.5 | <1.5 | <2.0 | <1.5 |
灼烧失重4)7)(1000℃下2h) % | <2.5 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <2 | <2.5 | <1 |
pH5)(在4%水分散液中) | 3.6-4.5 | 3.7-4.7 | 3.7-4.7 | 3.7-4.7 | 3.7-4.7 | 3.7-4.7 | 3.7-4.7 | 3.6-4.3 |
SiO2 8) % | >99.8 | >99.8 | >99.8 | >99.8 | >99.8 | >99.8 | >99.8 | >99.8 |
Al2O3 8) % | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.08 |
Fe2O3 8) % | <0.003 | <0.003 | <0.003 | <0.003 | <0.003 | <0.003 | <0.003 | <0.01 |
TiO2 8) % | <0.03 | <0.03 | <0.03 | <0.03 | <0.03 | <0.03 | <0.03 | <0.03 |
HCl8)10) % | <0.025 | <0.025 | <0.025 | <0.025 | <0.025 | <0.025 | <0.025 | <0.025 |
筛分残余6)(Mocker方法45μm)% | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.2 |
1)根据DIN 66131 2)根据DIN ISO 787/XI,JIS K 5101/18(未筛分)
3)根据DIN ISO 787/II,ASTM D 280,JIS K 5101/21 4)根据DIN 55921,ASTM D 1208,JIS K 5101/23
5)根据DIN ISO 787/IX,ASTM D 1208,JIS K 5101/24 6)根据DIN ISO 787/XVIII,JIS K 5101/20
7)基于在105℃下干燥2小时的物质 8)基于在1000℃下烧结2小时的物质
9)专门的防潮包装 10)来自灼烧失重的组成中HCl含量
表面改性剂:
使用下面的表面改性剂:
A氨基三乙氧基硅烷
B氨基三甲氧基硅烷
C N-2-氨基乙基-3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷
D LupasolWF(BASF AG)
表面改性的氧化物的制备:
实施例 | 氧化物 | 表面改性剂 | SM*份数/100份氧化物 | H2O份数/100份氧化物 | 温度[℃] | 热处理时间[h] |
AF**1 | Aerosil200 | C | 16 | 5 | 130 | 2 |
AF2 | Aerosil200 | D | 19 | 5 | 130 | 2 |
AF3 | Aerosil200 | A | 15 | 3 | 120 | 4 |
AF4 | Aerosil200 | B | 10 | 3 | 120 | 3 |
AF5 | Aerosil200 | B | 18 | 5 | 130 | 3 |
AF6 | Aerosil150 | C | 12 | 3 | 120 | 3 |
AF7 | Aerosil300 | A | 23 | 5 | 130 | 4 |
SM*=表面改性剂:
A氨基三乙氧基硅烷
B氨基三甲氧基硅烷
C N-2-氨基乙基-3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷
D LupasolWF(BASF AG)
AF**=氨基官能化固体
表面改性的氧化物的物理化学数据:
实施例 | 比表面积BET[m2/g] | 摇实密度[g/l] | 干燥失重[%] | 灼烧失重[%] | pH | C含量[%] |
AF1 | 175 | 50 | 1.0 | 6.6 | 7.0 | 4.0 |
AF2 | 167 | 49 | 1.7 | 8.6 | 6.5 | 5.0 |
AF3 | 163 | 51 | 1.7 | 4.8 | 9.8 | 2.5 |
AF4 | 173 | 45 | 0.9 | 3.4 | 9.5 | 1.6 |
AF5 | 165 | 51 | 0.6 | 4.6 | 9.9 | 2.8 |
AF6 | 129 | 48 | 0.8 | 4.6 | 6.8 | 2.9 |
AF7 | 260 | 55 | 1.8 | 6.3 | 10.0 | 3.6 |
聚酯:
聚酯1的制备:
在惰性气体(N2)下,在150℃下搅拌500gε-己内酯、73g月桂酸和0.5g四丁基钛酸酯的混合物6小时。得到酸值为36.0mg KOH/g的蜡状物质。平均链长为11.7个单体重复单元。
按照与聚酯1的制备相同的方法,合成出表1中所列的聚酯,数字表示化合物的摩尔分数。
表1:
聚酯 | 结构 |
1 | 月桂酸∶ε-己内酯(1∶12) |
2 | 硬脂酸∶ε-己内酯(1∶5) |
3 | 癸酸∶ε-己内酯∶δ-戊内酯(1∶12∶4) |
4 | 癸酸∶ε-己内酯∶δ-戊内酯(1∶8∶4) |
5 | 油酸∶ε-己内酯(1∶4) |
6 | 油酸∶ε-己内酯∶羟基十二内酯(1∶10∶2) |
7 | 月桂醇∶ε-己内酯∶δ-戊内酯(1∶5∶2) |
丙烯酸酯改性的聚酯8的制备:
作为初始加料将50g聚酯7和53g丙烯酸正丁酯加入50ml甲苯中,并且加入300ppm对苯二酚单甲醚和0.5g对甲苯磺酸。
在引入贫气(lean air)下搅拌批料,直至通过蒸馏柱除去所产生的理论量丁醇。除去溶剂和过量的丙烯酸正丁酯后得到淡黄色油状物。聚醚:
根据DE-C-100 29 648中的细节进行下面的聚醚的制备。所得改性的聚醚具有通用结构式(VI)
[R-O-(SO)e(EO)f(PO)g(BO)h]iP(O)(OH)3-i(VI)
式中
R=参见表2
SO=-CH2-CH(Ph)-O-,Ph=苯基
EO=氧化乙烯
PO=氧化丙烯
BO=氧化丁烯
表2:
聚醚 | R | e | f | g | h | i |
I | 异壬基- | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 1.0 |
II | 异壬基- | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 |
III | 异壬基- | 1 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 |
IV | 丁基- | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2.5 |
V | 丁基- | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1.0 |
VI | 丁基- | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 |
上面的单体氧化烯系列对所得聚醚结构没有构成任何限制,而是相反代表了示例性的列举;此处清楚地提到可以无规地以及嵌段地使用上述单体来构造聚醚。本领域人员意识到已经通过磷酸化反应制备出改性的聚醚(VI)并且该反应随意进行。值i代表聚醚与磷酸根基团的摩尔比。值i可以在0-2.9之间变化。
本发明的分散剂:
实施例1:
在引入N2下,在150℃下将90g聚酯1和30g氨基官能化固体AF1搅拌6小时。随后,在搅拌下,在50℃添加13g聚醚I。批料在50℃继续反应3小时。这样得到分散剂1,蜡状产品。
实施例2-18:
使用表3中所列的原材料重复实施例1。
表3:
实施例 | 分散剂 | 聚酯(PES) | 用量[g] | 聚醚(PE) | 用量[g] | 氨基官能化固体[AF] | 用量[g] | 重量比PES∶PE∶PEI |
1 | 1 | 1 | 90.0 | I | 7.2 | AF1 | 7.9 | 11.4∶0.9∶1 |
2 | 2 | 1 | 416.3 | IV | 14.5 | AF2 | 29.1 | 14.3∶0.5∶1 |
3 | 3 | 2 | 406.9 | I | 62.6 | AF3 | 75.0 | 5.4∶0.8∶1 |
4 | 4 | 3 | 352.2 | VI | 29.4 | AF4 | 58.7 | 10.0∶0.8∶1 |
5 | 5 | 4 | 243.1 | VI | 42.9 | AF5 | 14.3 | 9.0∶1.6∶1 |
6 | 6 | 4 | 156.5 | II | 36.4 | AF6 | 36.4 | 4.3∶1∶1 |
7 | 7 | 4 | 97.0 | II | 15.4 | AF7 | 7.7 | 12.6∶2∶1 |
8 | 8 | 4 | 463.6 | II | 33.7 | AF1 | 25.9 | 17.9∶1.3∶1 |
9 | 9 | 4 | 61.6 | II | 9.2 | AF2 | 6.1 | 10.1∶1.5∶1 |
10 | 10 | 4 | 266.0 | II | 14.0 | AF3 | 20.0 | 13.3∶0.7∶1 |
11 | 11 | 4 | 327.6 | II | 79.9 | AF4 | 42.0 | 7.8∶1.9∶1 |
12 | 12 | 4 | 661.0 | III | 33.0 | AF5 | 66.1 | 10.0∶0.5∶1 |
13 | 13 | 8 | 409.9 | II | 19.9 | AF6 | 39.8 | 10.3∶0.5∶1 |
14 | 14 | 4 | 409.9 | II | 19.9 | AF7 | 39.8 | 10.3∶0.5∶1 |
15 | 15 | 4 | 409.9 | II | 19.9 | AF3 | 39.8 | 10.3∶0.5∶1 |
16 | 16 | 5 | 51.7 | V | 18.8 | AF3 | 12.5 | 4.1∶1.5∶1 |
17 | 17 | 5 | 288.8 | II | 10.1 | AF3 | 52.6 | 5.5∶0.2∶1 |
18 | 18 | 6 | 288.8 | II | 10.1 | AF3 | 20.2 | 14.3∶0.5∶1 |
非本发明的比较例:
非本发明的比较例C1的制备:
在150℃下将20g聚醚I和70g聚酯1及30g购自Degussa AG的Aerosil 200(非氨基改性的固体)搅拌6小时。这样得到下面称作比较例C1的混合物。
性能实施例:
试验颜料:
从大量可能的固体中选择下面的商业颜料:Raven450(Columbia Chemicals Co.)和Spezialschwarz250(Degussa AG)作为炭黑颜料、以及HostapermViolet P-RL(Clariant International Ltd.)和IrgalitYellow BAW(Ciba)作为典型的彩色颜料。
试验涂覆材料:
在下面的涂料、印刷油墨和/或印刷清漆配方中比较分散剂和固体:
表4:
UV固化的苯胺印刷油墨的配方
有机彩色颜料 | 炭黑颜料 | |
原材料 | 重量% | 重量% |
Ebecryl812(UCB) | 25.75 | 25.08 |
Ebecryl220(UCB) | 6.57 | 6.40 |
LaromerTPGDA(BASF) | 29.02 | 28.27 |
LaromerTMPTA(BASF) | 16.27 | 15.85 |
分散剂或比较例 | 1.77 | 2.39 |
颜料 | 11.79 | 13.40 |
Airex920(Tego) | 0.98 | 0.96 |
Irgacure1300(Ciba) | 5.89 | 5.74 |
Darocure1173(Ciba) | 1.96 | 1.91 |
总计 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
与颜料有关,颜料用量与分散添加剂用量的比例在所有实验中保持恒定。分散添加剂/颜料之比在炭黑颜料的情况中为添加17.8%的颜料并且在有机彩色颜料的情况中为添加15%的颜料。
表5
白色、UV可固化的着色油漆的配方
原材料 | 重量% |
Ebecryl812(UCB) | 30.0 |
Ebecryl220(UCB) | 8.6 |
LaromerTPGDA(BASF) | 19.4 |
LaromerTMPTA(BASF) | 12.9 |
Kronos1075(KRONOS Int.) | 25.7 |
Irgacure819(Ciba) | 1.4 |
Darocure1173(Ciba) | 1.4 |
Airex920(Tego) | 0.6 |
制备:
根据上述配方称出配方成分,加入250ml螺旋盖玻璃瓶中,并且添加玻璃珠(100g漆浆添加100g玻璃珠)。然后,在Skandex混合器(Skandex;型号:BA-S20)中,在620rpm下振荡密封瓶2h,在此期间温度可能上升至50℃。随后,使用筛子从分散的印刷油墨中分离出玻璃珠。
着色的UV可固化的苯胺印刷油墨:
为了更有效地评价色强度,UV可固化的苯胺印刷油墨与白色着色油漆混合。以20∶1的比例(41.67g白色颜料与1g有机彩色颜料;以及35.71g白色颜料与1g炭黑颜料)进行混合。然后,在通用振荡器(Hausschild Engineering,DAC 150 Dual Asymmetric Centrifuge)中匀化所述混合物1分钟。
应用:
使用螺旋缠绕的涂料器(24μm)将着色的UV可固化的苯胺印刷油墨气刀涂布到白色卡片(Leneta)上。用120W/cm的中压汞蒸气灯(Beltron GmbH,Beltron UV灯)进行干燥。传送带的速度是8m/min。
测试方法:
为了评价分散剂的性能,将所得色强度、粘度和流变能力一起作图。
粘度测量:
通过旋转粘度计测定如此制备的UV可固化的苯胺印刷油墨的流变能力。选择的测量系统是板/锥系统(Euro Physics,Rheo 2000RC20,45μm,角度1°;25℃测量温度)。
选择下面的剪切速率:
在30s中10-90s-1
在40s中100-1000s-1
在30s中1000-1000s-1
在40s中1000-100s-1
在30s中100-10s-1
在30s中90-10s-1
使用在低剪切速率10s-1下的外推曲线中测量的粘度值彼此比较样品,因为在此处观察到最大的差异。
比色法:
使用购自X-Rite公司的仪器(型号:X-Rite SP 60)进行白色混合物的比色分析(24μm膜厚的Leneta卡)。对于所有样品,测定CIE-Lab(CIE=Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage)系统的L*a*b*值。CIE-Lab系统作为三维系统对于定量描述颜色位点是有用的。在该系统的一个轴上,绘制绿色(负a*值)和红色(正a*值),在与之成直角的轴上绘制蓝色(负b*值)和黄色(正b*值)。值C*如下,由a*和b*组成:C*=(a*2+b*2)0.5并且用来描述紫色位点。这两个轴在消色点处彼此交叉。竖直轴(消色轴)与亮度有关,从白色(L=100)到黑色(L=0)。使用CIE-Lab系统,通过说明三个坐标,不仅可以描述颜色位点,而且可以描述色空间。
实施例19-37:
如上所述,使用炭黑颜料Spezialschwarz250在UV可固化的苯胺印刷油墨中测试分散剂1-19。表6中表示了结果并且表明本发明的分散剂表现出低于比较化合物的L*值。此处需要低的L*值(亮度值)。结果表中报道的值在每种情况中都是三次测量的平均值。
表6:UV可固化的苯胺印刷油墨与Spezialschwarz250颜料的比较
实施例 | 分散剂 | L* |
19 | 1 | 51.79 |
20 | 2 | 50.38 |
21 | 3 | 52.23 |
22 | 4 | 53.45 |
23 | 5 | 57.75 |
24 | 6 | 51.19 |
25 | 7 | 53.54 |
26 | 8 | 58.97 |
27 | 9 | 53.74 |
28 | 10 | 54.36 |
29 | 11 | 56.24 |
30 | 12 | 51.75 |
31 | 13 | 50.45 |
32 | 14 | 53.40 |
33 | 15 | 50.59 |
34 | 16 | 55.49 |
35 | 17 | 52.66 |
36 | 18 | 51.79 |
37 | 14+18;(50重量%∶50重量%) | 51.13 |
比较例 | C1 | 62.31 |
实施例38:
表7:
UV可固化的苯胺印刷油墨与Raven450颜料的比较
Raven450 | L* | 粘度,mPas(10l/s;25℃) |
空白样品 | 82.24 | 2491 |
比较例C1 | 73.02 | 1603 |
分散剂1 | 63.96 | 959 |
表8:
UV可固化的苯胺印刷油墨与Spezialschwarz250颜料的比较
Spezialschwarz250 | L* | 粘度,mPas(10l/s;25℃) |
空白样品 | 58.14 | 987 |
比较例C1 | 57.91 | 899 |
分散剂1 | 52.05 | 372 |
此处需要低的L*(亮度值)和在低剪切负荷下的低粘度。明显地相对于非本发明的比较例,根据本发明使用的分散剂在给定的剪切速率下表现出更低的L*值和更低的粘度。
根据本发明使用的分散剂的积极性质不限于黑色颜料,而且可以扩展至本领域典型使用的其它固体。本领域人员意识到特别是黄色颜料和紫色颜料难以分散。因此,下面作为分散剂的通用应用性的实例,使用黄色颜料Irgalite Yellow BAW(Ciba)和Hostaperm VioletP-RL(Clariant International Ltd.)。
表9:
UV可固化的苯胺印刷油墨与HostapermViolet P-RL颜料的比较
HostapermViolet P-RL | C* | 粘度,mPas(10l/s;25℃) |
空白样品 | 33.85 | 1091 |
比较例C1 | 36.54 | 1036 |
分散剂1 | 33.74 | 673 |
此处需要高的C*值(紫色值)和在低剪切负荷下更低的粘度。明显地与非本发明的比较例相比,根据本发明使用的分散剂表现出低的粘度和更高的C*值。
表10:
UV可固化的苯胺印刷油墨与IrgaliteYellow BAW颜料的比较
IrgaliteYellow BAW | b* | 粘度,mPas(10l/s;25℃) |
空白样品 | 26.09 | 3094 |
比较例C1 | 38.69 | 2925 |
分散剂1 | 48.75 | 1952 |
此处需要高的b*值(黄色值)和在低剪切负荷下的低粘度。明显地与非本发明的现有技术的比较例相比,根据本发明使用的分散剂表现出更低的粘度和更高的b*值。
Claims (8)
1.通过如下物质的完全或部分反应可以获得的分散剂:
A)一种或多种氨基官能化的固体与
B)一种或多种通式(I)/(Ia)的聚酯
T-C(O)-[O-A-C(O)]x-OH (I)
T-O-[C(O)-A-O-]y-Z (Ia)
和/或
C)一种或多种通式(II)/(IIa)的聚醚
T-C(O)-B-Z (II)
T-O-B-Z (IIa)
其中,
T是氢或具有1-24个碳原子的取代的或未取代的、直链或支链的芳基、芳烷基、烷基或者烯基,
A是选自直链、支链、环状和芳香烃中的至少一种二价基团,
Z是选自磺酸、硫酸、膦酸、磷酸、羧酸、异氰酸酯、环氧化物,特别是磷酸和(甲基)丙烯酸中的至少一种基团,
B是通式(III)的基团
-(C1H21O)a-(CmH2mO)b-(CnH2nO)c-(SO)d- (III)
a、b和c彼此独立地是
0-100的值,
前提条件是a+b+c之和大于等于0,优选为5-35,特别优选为10-20,并且a+b+c+d之和大于0,
d≥0,优选为1-5,
l、m和n彼此独立地大于等于2,优选为2-4,并且
x和y彼此独立地大于等于2。
2.根据权利要求1的分散剂,其特征在于所用的氨基官能化的固体是选自金属、金属氧化物、金属硼化物、金属碳化物、金属碳酸盐、金属氮化物、金属磷酸盐、金属硫属化物、金属硫酸盐和/或金属卤化物中至少一种的表面改性的纳米级粉末。
3.根据权利要求1和2中至少一项的分散剂,其特征在于所述氨基官能化的固体已经通过至少一些氨基与一种或多种选自异氰酸酯、羧酸、(甲基)丙烯酸酯和环氧化物中的多官能团化合物的反应来制备。
4.根据权利要求1-3中至少一项的分散剂,其特征在于所述聚酯基团通过一种或多种选自β-丙内酯、β-丁内酯、γ-丁内酯、3,6-二甲基-1,4-二烷-2,5-二酮、δ-戊内酯、γ-戊内酯、ε-己内酯、γ-己内酯、4-甲基己内酯、2-甲基己内酯、5-羟基十二内酯、12-羟基十二内酯、12-羟基-9-十八碳烯酸、12-羟基十八烷酸中的内酯的开环聚合来获得。
5.根据权利要求1-4中至少一项的分散剂,其特征在于所述聚酯基团具有100-5000g/mol的平均分子量Mn。
6.根据权利要求1-5中至少一项的分散剂,其特征在于所述聚醚基团彼此独立地是选自氧化乙烯、氧化丙烯、氧化丁烯、氧化十二碳烯、氧化十四碳烯、2,3-二甲基环氧乙烷、氧化环戊烯、1,2-环氧戊烷、2-异丙基环氧乙烷、缩水甘油基甲酯、缩水甘油基异丙酯、表氯醇、3-甲氧基-2,2-二甲基环氧乙烷、8-氧杂双环-[5.1.0]-辛烷、2-戊基环氧乙烷、2-甲基-3-苯基环氧乙烷、2,3-环氧丙苯、2-(4-氟苯基)环氧乙烷中的基团,以及它们纯的对映体对或者对映体混合物。
7.根据权利要求1-6中至少一项的分散剂作为固体分散剂用来制备含粘合剂或者不含粘合剂的颜料糊剂、涂覆材料、印刷油墨和/或印刷清漆的用途。
8.在液体介质中的固体分散体,其包含至少一种根据权利要求1-6中一项或多项的分散剂。
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