CN1950228B - 用于运行混合动力汽车的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于运行混合动力汽车的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1950228B
CN1950228B CN2005800135968A CN200580013596A CN1950228B CN 1950228 B CN1950228 B CN 1950228B CN 2005800135968 A CN2005800135968 A CN 2005800135968A CN 200580013596 A CN200580013596 A CN 200580013596A CN 1950228 B CN1950228 B CN 1950228B
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exhaust gas
combustion engine
torque
tabg
temperature
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CN1950228A (zh
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S·卡岑伯格
M·维登迈尔
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/44—Drive Train control parameters related to combustion engines
    • B60L2240/445—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2510/0676—Engine temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2510/068—Engine exhaust temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/023—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting HC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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Abstract

本发明提出用于运行混合动力汽车的方法，其中由至少一个内燃机(10)和至少一个电动机(40)中相加地施加事先规定的转矩额定值(mifa)，以及提出用于实施此方法的装置，在第一步中根据废气的至少一个参数(NOx，HC，CO，微粒，Tabg)确定内燃机(10)的转矩量值(MdB)，并在第二步中根据转矩额定值(mifa)与在第一步中确定的转矩量值(MdB)之间的差(dM)确定电动机(40)的转矩量值(MdE)，其中所述废气参数是不希望的废气成分(NOx，HC，CO，微粒)或者是废气温度(Tabg)。本发明的做法使得内燃机(10)的排放优化。

Description

用于运行混合动力汽车的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行混合动力汽车的方法以及一种用于实施所述方法的装置。
背景技术
在DE 101 28 758 A1中描述了这种类型的方法，即由至少一个内燃机和至少一个电动机中相加地施加事先规定的转矩额定值。内燃机和电动机通过传动装置共同作用于混合动力汽车的主动轮。对电动机的控制依赖于提供导航系统的高度信息。以高度信息为基础的操纵具有的优势为，可以规定用于电动机的能源的较低的最低载荷状态，在上坡之后紧接着的下坡时考虑一个借助于作为发电机的工作的电动机用于给能源充电的可计算的能量再生。通过有针对的使用电动机，尤其是在驶上坡道时转矩要求提高时，在有利于降低油耗的运行状况下运行内燃机。总之通过考虑对上坡时预计的再生能量产生了混合动力汽车的较小的能量消耗。
在DE 199 23 299 A1中描述了一种操纵内燃机的方法，此方法在排气区域设置了微尘滤清器。通过对废气温度的必要时必要的提高来实现用于引入回收所需要的温度。通过对内燃机供油的干预提高废气温度，此时推迟喷油时间，使得由于内燃机效率的降低产生更高的废气温度。
在DE 100 43 366 Al中描述了一种内燃机，在其排气区域设有催化剂，催化剂在特定的运行环境下将被赋予更高的运行温度。催化器运行温度提高的可能性可通过提高废气温度得以实现。以火花点火的基本的内燃机的废气温度受到点火时刻调节的影响。
由EP 944 424 B1已知一种带有NOx存储器催化器的火花点火的内燃机，其含有一个通过供电可加热的金属支架。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于运行混合动力汽车的方法和一种用于实施此方法的装置，它们使得混合动力汽车排放少量废气成为可能。
本发明的做法基于由至少一个内燃机和至少一个电动机中相加地施加事先规定的转矩额定值。按照本发明在第一步中根据内燃机的至少一个废气参数确定内燃机的转矩量值，在第二步中根据转矩额定值和在第一步中确定的内燃机转矩量值之间的差确定电动机的转矩量值，其中所述废气参数是不希望的废气成分或者是废气温度。
转矩的确定通常是由混合动力汽车的共同工作的驱动马达施加的驱动力或者驱动功率的确定。
在第一步中根据至少一个废气参数确定内燃机转矩量值能实现内燃机偏离优化消耗运行的优化排放运行。
废气参数可以例如是不希望的废气成分像废气中的NOx浓度，一氧化碳浓度，HC浓度或微粒浓度。在至少一个所述参数具有尽可能小的值的运行状况下通过运行内燃机，可以减少在废气处理设备中用于进一步减少有害废气成份的花费。
另外一个改进方案中即废气参数即为废气温度。首先考虑到现有的废气处理设备的运行温度范围事先规定废气温度。这里涉及的是保证废气处理设备最低运行温度。
废气处理设备例如是一种催化器或例如一种微尘滤清器。催化器为了催化作用需要最低的运行温度。如果是存储催化器，例如NOx存储催化器，必须还原催化器。为了还原，需要比运行温度例如250-5000℃更高的450-600℃的温度。现有的微尘滤清器为引入还原同样需要一个增加的温度，例如在600-650℃范围内。为达到废气处理设备的必要温度可以根据本发明方案考虑内燃机的运行。
根据优化任务规定，优化至少一个废气成分优先于废气温度的确定。为保证必要的最低的运行温度或为保持废气处理设备的事先规定的温度范围在这些情况下没有废气处理设备的电加热装置。该项措施可以特别用在内燃机冷启动，其中为快速达到废气处理设备的最低运行温度在各种情况下设有电加热装置。如果冷启动阶段已经被克服，这些措施可保持必要的运行温度范围。
根据发明方案的其它有利改进方案由以下的描述中得出。
附图说明
图1展示了一个技术环境，按照本发明的方法在此环境中进行，图2和图3展示了关于转速和转矩的内燃机废气参数特性曲线，图4展示了关于转速和转矩的电动机的特性曲线。
图1展示了一台内燃机10，在其吸气区域配有一个空气传感器11，在内燃机的排气区域设有第一催化器12，一个废气温度传感器13，一个微尘滤清器14，第二催化器15，一个NOx传感器16以及一个HC传感器17。
空气传感器11把空气信号msL传递到控制装置20，废气温度传感器13将废气温度信号Tabg，NOx传感器16将NOx信号，HC传感器为HC信号HC输出到控制装置20。
内燃机10将内燃机转速NB提供给控制装置20使用。转矩额定值mifa也被提供给控制装置20。
内燃机10配有燃料计量装置30，该计量装置由控制装置用燃料信号mE加载。
控制装置20把第一控制信号PWM 1传递给电动机40，把第二控制信号PWM 2传递给对应微尘滤清器的微尘滤清器加热装置41中，并且将第三控制信号PWM 3传递给对应第二催化器15的催化器加热装置42。
能源50提供用于电动机40以及用于微尘滤清器加热装置41和催化器加热装置42的电能。
图2展示了关于内燃机转速NB和内燃机10的转矩MdB的废气参数的第一和第二曲线变化60，61。在废气参数第一曲线变化60上记载了在特定的内燃机转速N1B下的第一起点62。转矩变化dM导致在特定的内燃机转速N1B下位于废气参数第二曲线变化61上的第一目标点63。
图3展示了关于内燃机转速NB和内燃机10的转矩MdB的另一的废气参数的第一和第二曲线变化70，71。在另一的废气参数的第一曲线变化71上记载了在特定的内燃机转速NlB下的第二起点72。转矩变化dM导致在特定的内燃机转速NlB下位于另一废气参数的第二曲线变化71上的第二目标点63。
图4展示了关于电动机转速NE和电动机转矩MdE的电动机40的第一和第二特性曲线80，81。在电动机40的第一特性曲线80上记载了在特定的电动机转速N1E下的第三出发点82。转矩变化dM导致在特定的电动机转速N1E下位于电动机40的第二特性曲线81上的第三目标点83。
根据本发明的方法如下工作：
图1所示的具有至少一个内燃机10和至少一个电动机40的装置驱动混合动力汽车。内燃机10和电动机40例如通过一个示详细示出的变速器作用于混合动力汽车的至少一个主动轮上。内燃机10和电动机40的联结也可以如下实现，即为电动机40的一部分直接对应内燃机10的输出轴。控制装置20根据转矩额定值mifa，既控制内燃机10也控制电动机40，转矩额定值例如对应没有进一步显示的混合动力汽车的加速踏板的位置。
转矩的概念并不局限于这样的转矩，转矩的概念比例如混合动力汽车要求的驱动力或者驱动功率的量更加广泛。
控制装置20例如根据空气信号msL和内燃机转速NB确定燃料信号mE。起始点可以是在特定的内燃机转速N1B下位于废气参数第一曲线变化60上的第一起点62。
废气参数即为不希望废气成分的浓度。不希望的废气成分可以是NOx浓度，其由NOx传感器16获得和/或者由已知的内燃机10的运行参数中算出。废气参数是可为替换地或附加地是HC浓度，其由HC传感器17获得和/或者依据已知的内燃机10运行参数算出。替换或额外地考虑CO浓度。此外废气参数替换或额外地涉及微粒浓度。
如果多个废气参数被优化，必须达成被考虑的参数的折衷。
曲线变化60对应例如不希望的NOx浓度，其高于第二曲线变化61反映出来的NOx浓度。为了尽可能达到较少的内燃机10的NOx的未处理排放，因此规定在第一步根据至少一个废气参数来确定转矩量值，例如依赖于NOx浓度。首先要算出混合动力汽车的至少一个内燃机10和至少一个电动机40的基本的转矩量值。
代替内燃机10的工作点确定到第一起点62，按照本发明内燃机10的工作点现将被调整到的第一目标点63上。在第一步中进行的确定内燃机10的转矩量值MdB对应在第一目标点63上的内燃机10的转矩量值MdB。
与第一目标点预定值相联系的是在特定的内燃机转速N1B下出现在第一起点62和第一目标点63之间的转矩变化dM。转矩变化dM也影响其他废气的参数。因此在图3中记载了一个另一废气参数的第一和第二曲线变化70，71，此时在特定的内燃机转速N1B下转矩变化dM出现在第二出发点72和第二目标点73之间。另外的废气参数是例如被废气温度传感器13得到的和或者根据于已知内燃机10的运行参数中算出的废气温度。第一曲线变化70例如比第二曲线变化71的废气温度高。
在第二步中根据转矩额定值mifa和在第一步确定的内燃机10的转矩量值MdB之间的差确定电动机40的转矩量值MdE。如果转矩变化dM下降的话，电动机40必须相应提高转矩。电动机40的转矩dM的提高记载在图4中，此时由第三出发点82出发到第三目标点83上。在混合动力汽车的至少一个内燃机10和至少一个电动机40的转矩量值分配范围内不受电动机40的转矩量值MdE的变化影响事先规定第三出发点82。转矩提高dM在不一定与特定的电动机转速N1B相一致的特定的电动机转速N1E下实现。
在图4所展示的特性曲线80，81符合直流电机转速和转矩之间的功能关系。实践中优选使用一个同步电机作为电动机。
控制装置20通过电动机40的第一控制信号PWM1的变化呈现在实施例中规定的电动机40的转矩dM的提高。第一控制信号PWM1是例如一个用于改变由能源50提供的电动机40的平均工作电压的脉宽调制的信号。工作电压的变化导致电动机电流的相应的变动，该变动是由电动机40输出的转矩MdE的尺度。
在所示的实施例中规定电动机40的转矩的提高dM。也可规定其它的运行状况。例如规定内燃机10的转矩的提高dM用于有针对性地影响废气参数，其中规定减少电动机40的转矩MdE。根据运行情况可以规定，同时提高电动机40的转矩MdE。当能源要求充电时出现这种运行情况。对能源50充电可以通过运动电动机作为发电机来实现。在这种情况下内燃机10驱动电动机40。
在所示的实施例中按照图3通过由第一曲线变化70到第二曲线变化71的过渡算出废气温度的下降。改变废气温度可以影响废气处理设备的效率。在所示的实施例中废气处理设备包含了第一和第二催化器12，15以及微尘滤清器14。催化反应在必要的情况下设有的第一催化器12中，例如氧化物催化器中，和/或者在必要情况下设有的第二催化器15中，例如NOx存储催化器中，在特定的温度区域上优化进行。在事先规定的最低运行温度下不能实现废气净化功能。因此必须保证，运行温度在优化的运行温度范围内，至少超过最低运行温度。
在必要情况下现有的微尘滤清器14以及必要时作为存储催化器配备的第二催化器15必须还原。在第二催化器15中的还原需与存储工作相比提高的运行温度。微尘滤清器14的还原必须在特定的运行温度下，在此温度下微粒通过氧化燃烧。各必须的最低运行温度可以例如通过相应确定废气温度来实现。
如果根据实施例在优化时由作为废气参数的不希望的废气成份出发，就会出现废气温度过低的情况。因此规定要设置微尘滤洁器14的和或者第二催化器15的电加热装置。不仅微尘滤清器加热装置41而且催化器加热装置42使用来自于能源50的电能。为了实现电动加热，控制装置20通过第二控制信号PWM2控制微尘滤清器加热装置41和/或者通过第三个控制信号PWM3控制催化器加热装置42。控制信号PWM 2、PWM 3使得持续确定发热量。
根据另外一个方案规定，电加热装置在各种情况下都可以运行。例如在冷启动内燃机10时给定运行状况，在这种情况下废气处理装置12，13，14的必须的运行温度不依赖于第一目标点63的确定不能实现。当根据图3用于优化的废气温度在第一步中作为参数时，运行温度不可自行达到。
按照本发明的装置包括用于所述实现方法的必须的装置。其至少具有运行作为软件实现的单独方法步骤的控制装置20。

Claims (8)

1.用于运行混合动力汽车的方法，其中由至少一个内燃机(10)和至少一个电动机(40)相加地施加事先规定的转矩额定值(mifa)，其特征在于，在第一步中根据废气的至少一个参数(NOx，HC，CO，微粒，Tabg)这样确定内燃机(10)的转矩量值(MdB)，即废气的至少一个不希望的废气成分具有尽可能小的值，或所述废气温度(Tabg)超过设置的废气处理装置的规定的最低运行温度；并在第二步中根据转矩额定值(mifa)与在第一步中确定的内燃机(10)的转矩量值(MdB)之间的差确定电动机(40)的转矩量值(MdE)，其中所述废气参数是不希望的废气成分(NOx，HC，CO，微粒)或者是废气温度(Tabg)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征为，考虑废气处理装置(12，14，15)的运行温度范围来规定废气温度(Tabg)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征为，使废气温度(Tabg)与催化器(12，15)或者微尘滤清器(14)的运行温度范围相协调。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征为，电动机(40)的转矩量值(MdE)可以是正的也可是负的。
5.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征为，优化至少一种不希望的废气成份(NOx，HC，一氧化碳，微粒)优先于废气温度(Tabg)的确定，并且当废气温度(Tabg)不够时电加热废气处理装置(12，14，15)用于保持运行温度范围。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征为，在冷启动内燃机(10)时电加热废气处理装置(12，14，15)用于保持运行温度范围。
7.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征为，废气参数为NOx浓度。
8.用于实施根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法的装置。
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