CN1944602A - Method for one-step producing biomassfuel, biological haydite and active carbon using high wet mixed city garbage as raw material - Google Patents
Method for one-step producing biomassfuel, biological haydite and active carbon using high wet mixed city garbage as raw material Download PDFInfo
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- CN1944602A CN1944602A CNA2006100221423A CN200610022142A CN1944602A CN 1944602 A CN1944602 A CN 1944602A CN A2006100221423 A CNA2006100221423 A CN A2006100221423A CN 200610022142 A CN200610022142 A CN 200610022142A CN 1944602 A CN1944602 A CN 1944602A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 103
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The process of producing biomass fuel, biological haydite and active carbon with city garbage with high water content as raw material includes the following steps: sorting and crushing garbage, drum screening, preparing biomass fuel, biologically fermenting and dewatering, preparing biological haydite and active carbon, etc. The present invention makes it possible to make best utilization of garbage resource.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Assessment of MSW Disposal Technologies field, is the method for separating once and prepare biomass fuel, biological ceramic particle and active carbon from the high humidity mixed city garbage specifically.
Background technology
In traditional trash processing way, sanitary landfill method: because floor space is large, disposal cost is high, waste a large amount of land resources, and applied value reduces gradually. Composting process: because organic utilization is incomplete, the fertilizer complicated, the factor such as minimizing is less will progressively be eliminated. The burning of rubbish will become the main flow of domestic waste harmless treatment because of its many particular advantages that have. Be mainly manifested in: 1, rubbish is after burning disposal, and the pathogen in the rubbish is utterly destroyed, and the pernicious gas that produces in the combustion process and flue dust reach emission request after treatment, and innoxious degree is high. 2, but rubbish loss of weight 80% after burning subtracts and holds more than 90%, and decrement is effective, saves a large amount of soils. Tail gas, heat energy can fully reclaim and utilize.
But be subjected to that the output of component of refuse restriction, incinerator and heat and power system heat energy is low with the rate of recovery, operating cost is large, cost of electricity-generating is high, the simultaneously impact of tail vapour and the factors such as the slag emission environmental protection index is poor, treatment cost is high, applying of this technology is comparatively difficult.
Do not obtain the former of good effect in many international waste disposal method numerous engineering practices at home because: be subjected to the impact of consumption habit and environmental consciousness, the rubbish of external most countries is thrown in and collection method is the classification reception, at the rubbish that enters before the treatment facility, by good classification, be subjected to simultaneously habits and customs affect the remaining and less moisture of hogwash class amount of substance in kitchen in the rubbish and putrescible matter lower, packed standard has been created good condition for comprehensive reutilization.
And the collection method of Chinese rubbish is the mixing reception, kitchen in the rubbish is remaining and hogwash class amount of substance is higher, moisture and putrescible matter are higher, packed lack of standardization, raw refuse is almost " bag in bag " form and throws in, and a material composition complexity can't be classified in the bag, so we lead to and are called " high humidity composting " in field of environmental engineering, it possesses following characteristic:
1. mix receiving complicated component, bagged articles content is high, and conventional method can't normally effectively be classified;
2. moisture is large: average moisture 50%, and limit moisture is up to 70%; Calorific value is low: the kitchen is remaining, dregs class content is higher, on average accounts for 50%, and separation is larger with the dehydration difficulty, and it is higher to process energy consumption;
3. easy corrupt content of material is higher, deals with improperly and causes easily serious secondary pollution, and security and the commodity of the recycling product of rubbish are relatively poor simultaneously, and its typical composition sees the following form:
The tabulation of typical composition statistics (table one, the unit: % by weight) of China's rubbish
| Organic matter | Inorganic matter | The waste product class | Moisture | ||||||
| Plant+animal | Ashes masonry dregs | Stationery | Plastics | Dry goods | Pottery | Glass | Metal | Add up to | Average moisture |
| 65.20 | 20.06 | 1.3 | 11 | 0.5 | 1.04 | 0.26 | 0.64 | 13.74 | 50％ |
Above composition tabulation was with 2005, and Shanghai and Nanjing, Nanning, four ground, Chongqing typical case's component content are got the result of integrated value.
All there is larger defective in three kinds of waste disposal methods because of routine in implementation of China in sum, so in research and engineering application practice in recent years, domestic some preparation derivatived fuels take rubbish as raw material that occurred, the technique of active carbon and haydite and method, be intended to more take full advantage of waste resources, more intactly disposal of refuse. Such as:
Chinese patent 200510021985.7 has been announced a kind of preparation method of city refuse incineration furnace granular fuel: this technique is take Chinese high humidity composting as raw material, behind the broken removal of mechanization sorting hard material, remaining part all is squeezed into rod shape fuel after crushing/dewatering is processed. This fuel is mainly used in the pretreatment of raw material operation of all refuse-burning plants, owing to be that the high humidity composting is converted into the specification granular fuel, effectively improved calorific value, changed the incineration firing mode, improve the thermoelectric fan-out capability 40-50% of rubbish, realized the zero landfill of garbage disposal.
Technological deficiency: this technology is mainly used in the pretreatment of raw material operation of all refuse-burning plants, but because the garbage power project investment is large, and disposal ability is large, and required quantity of refuse is large especially, therefore is not suitable for using its restricted application for small and medium-sized cities; The fuel of in addition producing is owing to complicated component, and it is preserved and the burning condition harshness, is not suitable for the general industry boiler.
Chinese patent 02128993.X has announced a kind of solid-fuelled preparation method who utilizes municipal refuse to produce high heat value and low pollution: this technique is take Chinese high humidity composting as raw material, by extracting film, bag, sheet waste plastics wherein after the several different methods sorting, become irregular, be ground into granule after block-shaped through the heating bunching, mix with the crushed material of the bamboo and wood products, chemical ﹠ blended fabric and the shell class material that sub-elect in the rubbish again and rolling, make oblate spheroid shape fuel. This fuel value is higher, and cleanliness factor is good, is applicable to the general industry boiler, and application range of products is wider.
Technological deficiency: technology of garbage disposal is imperfect, reclaims not thoroughly, and the easy corrupt material of high humidity that accounts for total amount 70% is not utilized effectively, and surplus materials is processed according to a conventional method, and cost is high and easily produce secondary pollution.
Chinese patent 99101469.3 has been announced a kind of municipal refuse haydite and production method thereof: take the high humidity composting as raw material, through sorting, remove plastics, glass and other firm materials, pulverize by oven dry, selection by winnowing, add the clay of 5-15% according to the concrete composition of rubbish, stir the granulation balling-up, then oven dry, the expanded one-tenth haydite of roasting.
Technological deficiency: technology of garbage disposal is imperfect, reclaim not thorough, a large amount of moisture material existence of 50% that surpass, the raw material stoving cost is higher, and organic matter is higher in the ceramic product, and the intensity of the expanded rear haydite of roasting is less, affect the scope of application, material composition is complicated in addition, and roasting process exhaust emissions index is relatively poor, contaminated environment.
Chinese patent 02109384.9 has been announced a kind of production technology and equipment thereof that utilizes the rubbish waste residue to produce haydite: take composting as one of raw material, account for the 50-80% (deciding on the content of organic matter in the rubbish) of total dosage, rubbish is by screening, pulverizing, rear flyash (or shale) with accounting for the 20-50% of total dosage carries out interworking and stirs behind the granulating the expanded one-tenth haydite of roasting.
Technological deficiency: rubbish is as one of haydite raw materials for production, and consumption is little, because the rubbish average moisture content is higher than 50%, the production process cost is higher, and the complicated roasting process exhaust emissions of material composition index is relatively poor in addition, contaminated environment.
Chinese patent 02112598.8 has been announced a kind of method and retort of producing active carbon from municipal refuse: its basic technology for first with domestic waste through the incombustibility material in selection by winnowing, screening, removal rubbish again after the coarse crushing, then with organic substance part through chopping, broken or pulverize, drying and dewatering is to 15-20% again, this raw material enters special construction retort carbonization-activation after being squeezed into the piece material, make active carbon (semifinished product).
Technological deficiency: the rubbish technology of garbage disposal is imperfect, reclaim not thorough, incombustibility material in the rubbish is not fully recycled, a large amount of moisture materials of 50% of surpassing are directly dried, the raw material stoving cost is higher, and refuse classification technique imperfection is because a certain amount of inorganic constituents exists in the finished product, make the activated carbon product grade low, the market scope of application is limited.
Chinese patent 93114051.X has announced a kind of method of refuse classification separation of produced active carbon: rubbish is through crusher in crushing, the dry processing of the laggard row of vibrations screening, carry out again the methods such as selection by winnowing, electromagnetic separation, electric network seizure garbage drying is carried out sorting, make raw material through the activated carbon that said process obtains, evenly mix with hydrochloric acid and liquor zinci chloridi after crushed, enter the charcoal activation procedure and process to get semi-finished product, semi-finished product are by the washing dregs, float chlorine and process, must meet the activated carbon products of national standard after oven dry is pulverized.
Technological deficiency: the rubbish technology of garbage disposal is imperfect, reclaim not thorough, incombustibility material in the rubbish does not obtain effective recycling, a large amount of moisture materials of 50% of surpassing are directly dried, the raw material stoving cost is higher, refuse classification technique imperfection, assorting room complex process, equipment is complicated, and operating cost is high.
Because all there are various technological deficiencies in conventional garbage resource engineering chemistry technology, has directly affected applying and effectiveness of operation of its technology, is mainly manifested in:
1. the technology integration is poor, rubbish is only carried out selective recovery, the production product category is single, is so limited, and prior art all shows in engineering application, scale is less, cost recovery is high, and the processing disposal costs of residue is higher behind the refuse classification, and production process produces secondary pollution, resource and recycling level are low, not environmental protection of environmental protection project.
2. the refuse classification sorting technology falls behind, and it is larger to cause this processing apparatus and labour to drop into, and the efficiency of separation is low, can utilize substance recovery low, purity is low, increases the production cost, it is low to make quality of finished, and the resource recycling rate is low, is difficult to embody the recovery benefit.
3. the raw-material processing that sub-elects is processed all to adopt and dry first the technique of pulverizing afterwards, production process energy equipment investment is large, and energy consumption is higher, has affected applying of technology.
4. process of manufacture does not consider that various pathogenic microbes are to operating personnel's potential danger in the rubbish, and health and safety condition are poor.
Based on above-mentioned analysis, characteristic for Chinese high humidity composting, adopt process for comprehensively treating to materials different in the rubbish recycling of classifying, produce different industrial products, with garbage disposal thoroughly innoxious, resource become primary study and the developing direction of technology of garbage disposal.
Summary of the invention
The method that the object of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art and a kind of integrated treatment high humidity mixed city garbage is provided, namely take the method as raw material one time to produce biomass fuel, biological ceramic particle and active carbon, take full advantage of waste resources, reduce environmental pollution and energy consumption, thoroughly realize that garbage disposal is innoxious.
Find through long-term research for the high humidity mixed city garbage of China, the difficult point of its processing is how to classify, how to divide class, only under the prerequisite of classification, just may realize fully effectively utilizing of rubbish, for this reason, the present invention proposes the technical scheme of following classification:
The present invention at first effectively classifies according to the characteristics of Chinese urban high-humidity mixed domestic, then the characteristic according to the material of classifying adopts different processes, make it completely resource, final output products is three kinds: 1, be suitable for any combustion process Air coefficient of excess greater than the biomass fuel of 1.5 Industrial Boiler; 2, be suitable for the active carbon that reaches relevant national standard that multiple industry is used; 3, as building material be suitable for the multiporous biological haydite that multiple industry is used. Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Take the method for high humidity mixed city garbage as raw material one time to produce biomass fuel, biological ceramic particle and activated carbon, it comprises sorting and broken, the trommelling of rubbish, characterized by further comprising following steps:
(1) preparation of biomass fuel:
(1-1) the broken and oven dry of half wet-milling: will carry out through the oversize of trommelling secondary half wet-milling broken after to the block of lumpiness≤50mm, and then block dried to water content≤namely get below 25% biomass fuel raw material;
(1-2) granulation: in the block of above-mentioned particle diameter≤50mm, add the auxiliary agent that is equivalent to executing garbage material weight 3-8%, carry out again extruder grain after mixing, form the granulated garbage material;
(1-3) oven dry: above-mentioned granulated garbage material is dried between 100-200 ℃, to water content≤20%, namely get biomass fuel;
(2) will in fermentation tank, carry out through the screenings of trommelling the biofermentation dehydration, pass into air by 0.8-3 cubic metres of air/every cubic metre of material every day, deep aeration turns over and pushes away under 55-75 ℃ of temperature, and fermentation process 15-20 days, until till screenings water content≤35%;
(3) postsearch screening: will carry out postsearch screening by 6-10 purpose screen cloth through the screenings after the biofermentation dehydration, and obtain secondary oversize and secondary screenings;
(3-1) preparation active carbon:
(3-1-1) steam flow selection by winnowing: the secondary oversize that sieves out is carried out the steam flow selection by winnowing, obtain that lightweight is partly that carbon containing purity reaches more than 90%, water content is 35% active carbon raw material;
(3-1-2) half wet-milling is broken: with half wet crushing mill water content is broken to the 6-40 order at active carbon raw material half wet-milling of 30-35%;
(3-1-3) interpolation of activator and stirring: active carbon raw material and activator mix after utilizing the cartridge type tank diameter to pulverize, restrain by active carbon 100: activator 300-400ml mixes thoroughly and is blended into the raw material that next step need be processed; Wherein the preparation method of activator is: after cadmia or zinc gray are mixed, when the adding hydrochloric acid displaces is 3-4 to PH, gets Baume degrees 36-45 ° liquid and make the zinc chloride activation agent;
(3-1-4) charcoal activation: with the activation of above-mentioned raw materials charcoal, remove wherein zinc chloride and most of hydrogen chloride with vertical revolving carbon activation furnace, when zinc chloride Baume degrees position 0 was spent in the tail vapour, charcoal activation process finished, and got the activation charcoal after the activation;
(3-1-5) pickling desliming: utilize New Type Cylinder Agitator will go out the carbon activation furnace material by the 10-18% adding hydrochloric acid of activation charcoal weight, carrying out acid with hot water more than 95 ℃ (hot water heating comes from upper operation water cooling process to zinc chloride waste gas cooling processing) boiled 6-10 hour, to activate charcoal changes in the husky agitator of dirt again, make carbon, the husky separation, discharge at the bottom of husky mud sinks to barrel;
(3-1-6) float chlorine: utilize New Type Cylinder Agitator that chlorine to solution pH value is floated in activation charcoal stirring in the situation of continuous supplementing water of pickling desliming and be 6-7, remove the hydrogen chloride in the activation charcoal;
(3-1-7) centrifugal dehydration: utilize link-suspended basket centrifuge to enter to carry out centrifugal dehydration through floating the qualified carbon of chlorine, its moisture is down to below 60%;
(3-1-8) active carbon oven dry: the material after utilizing cyclone type steam flow drying machine with centrifugal dehydration is sent in the drying tower by sealing screw, it is dry to heating material to blast clean hot blast with air blast, capture finished product active carbon on 120 orders at cyclone separator and cloth bag trap, what be not collected is the following thick charcoals of 120 orders;
(3-1-9) grinding of thick carbon is broken: utilize porcelain ball ball mill with the thick carbon below 120 orders in ball mill, porcelain ball ball milling reached the 120-140 order in 2-6 hour, got the finished product active carbon.
(3-2) will carry out postsearch screening by 6-10 purpose screen cloth through the screenings after the biofermentation dehydration, the secondary screenings inorganic content of sieving out 〉=80% is the biological ceramic particle raw material;
(3-2-1) grinding of raw material: utilize Raymond mill with the biological ceramic particle Raw material processing to granularity 160-240 order;
(3-2-2) stirring homogeneous processes: utilize the continuity biaxial rneader that 160-240 order biological ceramic particle raw material is stirred homogeneous, can according to circumstances add some functional materials simultaneously in good time;
(3-2-3) extrusion modling granulation; It is orthopedic round as a ball to utilize the drum-type Squeezinggranulator that the raw material that stirs homogeneous is carried out, and obtaining diameter is the 3-30mm particulate material;
(3-2-4) sintering processes: utilize the sintering integrated machine of drum-type drying that extruded granule is dried sintering, bake out temperature is 850-1150 ℃, enters the material moisture 3-8% of sintering process after the oven dry, and sintering temperature is 850-1150 ℃;
(3-2-5) cooling processing unit: utilize drum-type cooler, with temperature 850-1150 ℃ biological ceramic particle, cooling is 10-15 minute under little condition of negative pressure, namely gets the biological ceramic particle product.
Wherein, the auxiliary agent that adds in (1-2) granulation step is wherein any one of calcium oxide, calcium carbonate or white lime, and the particle diameter of the granulated garbage material of formation is that 20-30mm, length are 40～100mm, water content≤36%;
Wherein, the temperature that adopts in (1-3) baking step is 150 ℃;
Wherein, in order to utilize better resource, partly be biological haydite materials through the heavy after (3-1-1) steam flow selection by winnowing, use with the biological ceramic particle raw material merging in (3-2).
Need to prove that the sorting of rubbish and broken, trommelling are the conventional known technologies that rubbish is classified in advance.
The sorting of rubbish and fragmentation generally are to adopt mechanical type sorting and fragmentation, and basic requirement is to guarantee broken bag rate 〉=95%, and discharging lumpiness≤100mm, automatic sorting go out the large piece articles such as the rigid material such as brick, rubble, metal, battery and leatherware, clothes.
Trommelling is that remaining water content after process sorting and the fragmentation is reached the process that 50% broken rubbish screens in special rotary screen, and it becomes oversize and screenings two parts with refuse classification, and wherein the typical case of oversize constitutes:
Typical composition tabulation (table two, unit: % by weight) by the oversize after the above-mentioned processing
| Organic matter | Inorganic matter | The waste product class | Moisture | |||||||
| Plant branch stem class | Adhere to dregs | Packing material | Bamboo wood furniture | Dry goods | Stationery | Plastic products (containing toy) | Footwear | The leatherware case and bag | Add up to (%) | Average % |
| 15.20 | 3.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.35 | 21.45 | 40 |
Typical composition tabulation (table three, unit: % by weight) by the screenings after the above-mentioned processing
| The waste product class | Inorganic matter | Organic degradable substance | Moisture | |||||
| Multiple mixing | Dregs | Brick, rubble etc. have been pulverized | More than the kitchen | The fruits and vegetables class | The branches and leaves class | The animality material | Add up to (%) | Average % |
| 3.20 | 18.35 | 1.45 | 30.3 | 10.1 | 11.3 | 2.85 | 77.55 | 50-60 |
Can find out obviously that oversize has following feature:
Be mainly the material of the difficult degraded of paper, plastics and other higher calorific values, account for 21.45% of total amount, comprehensive moisture about 40% does not contain rubbish from cooking and the corrupt substance that easily ferments substantially except adhering to dregs, and above-mentioned substance has following characteristics:
1.. can not carry out compost treatment, can't degrade at sweat, cause the soil secondary pollution after bringing the finished product compost into;
2.. directly the recovery value amount is little, is difficult to thorough classification, and comprehensive moisture 40% is preserved and used sanitary condition poor, and directly recovery can not utilize fully, and the rate of recovery is low;
3.. calorific value content is high, and the average calorific capacity of over dry material is higher than 4500Kcal/kg;
4.. possess the very good material condition that clean biomass fuel is produced of producing, be mainly manifested in: the precursors that the De dioxins materials generates in the urban high-humidity mixed domestic burning process is chlorine-bearing compound, it is mainly derived from salt remaining in the rubbish from cooking according to Chinese consumption habit, by realizing the maximum minimizing of chlorine-bearing compound after the screening.
These features show that oversize has possessed the characteristic as biomass fuel, but its granularity is large, water content is also higher, just can reach the requirement of biomass fuel after also must processing through method provided by the invention;
Secondary half wet-milling is broken to be referred under material moisture is higher than 30% situation, need not make drying and processing to material and directly pulverize processing, purpose is the block that above-mentioned oversize is ground into lumpiness≤50mm in the situation of water content higher (40%), is beneficial to follow-up oven dry and processing;
Again the block of above-mentioned lumpiness≤50mm is dried, can adopt multiple drying mode, generally be to adopt special-purpose high-efficiency tobacco vapour formula stirring drier, under 250-300 ℃, dry to water content≤below 25%, and then add the auxiliary agent of executing garbage material weight 3-8% in the block of above-mentioned particle diameter≤50mm, these auxiliary agents can be wherein any one of calcium oxide, calcium carbonate or white lime, carry out again extruder grain after mixing, form the granulated garbage material, at last above-mentioned granulated garbage material is dried under 100 ℃ temperature, till water content≤20%, namely get biomass fuel.
Typical composition according to screenings can find out that screenings has following characteristic:
Typical composition according to screenings can find out that screenings has following characteristic:
Screenings accounts for 77.5% of total amount, is that four class materials consist of:
1. remaining, the pericarp in kitchen, dish root, etc. putrefactive material;
2. dregs (containing broken hard material);
3. the mixture of the fiber substances such as paper scrap, peanut melon seed cases, Chinese medicine slag, tealeaf residue, leaf deadwood;
4. remaining plastics and rag class material.
The constituent analysis result is: 1. remaining, the pericarp in kitchen, dish root, etc. putrefactive material account for 50% of screenings mass fraction, average moisture 70%; 2. dregs (containing broken hard material) accounts for 23.5% of screenings mass fraction, average moisture 30%; 3. the fiber substances such as paper scrap, peanut melon seed cases, Chinese medicine slag, tealeaf residue, leaf deadwood account for 25% of screenings mass fraction, average moisture 55%; 4. remaining plastics and rag class material accounts for screenings mass fraction 1.5%, average moisture 15%.
Above material has following feature: component is 1. because containing a large amount of unrighted acids and protein matter, moisture more very easily ferments, high in aerobic condition bottom fermentation temperature, high-temperature duration length has stronger moisture evaporability, it is humic acid material and part long fibre that product is finished in fermentation, is the good foaming agent of production porous expanded ceramsite; Component 2. dregs contain in (containing broken hard material) about 50% cinder all the other for dust with the pottery, the stone metallic substance mixture, its component possesses the framework material condition of production hole expanded ceramsite fully; Component existence of (account for certainly dry biomass minute rate 90%) 3. because a large amount of cellulosic compositions, has the good condition of producing wood activated charcoal, 4. remaining plastics and rag class material accounts for screenings mass fraction 1.5%, processes in the raw materials for production that are distributed to two series products that because of content low pass later operation following process can not affected greatly. Wherein, the comprehensive moisture 50-60% of four class materials. In the case conventional method be difficult to separate, sorting. Former because: 1. inter-adhesive between the moisture high material, adhesion is united easily in screening plant, in addition remaining, the pericarp in kitchen, dish root, etc. putrefactive material when not being decomposed granularity quite can't separate with fiber substance granularities such as paper scrap, peanut melon seed cases, Chinese medicine slag, tealeaf residue, leaf deadwoods, as adopt method for sieving to stop up easily sieve aperture, inefficiency, separation rate less than 60%. 2. four kinds of material bulk density gaps are less in the moisture situation of height, and poor fluidity can not adopt selection by winnowing to separate. Secondly, also contain a large amount of pathogenic microbes in this screenings, the very easy health that affects the operator.
Therefore, adopt conventional separation method this two classes raw material can't be carried out effective separation, must find a kind of effective way will moisture wherein to reduce and kill pathogenic microbes, for this reason, the invention provides following method-screenings is carried out biofermentation dehydration: ferment through aerobic high-heat, can remove large quantity of moisture, under the degree of depth is exposed to the sun the condition of vapour turning, be down to below 35% by the moisture content of its raw material after 15-20 days the fermentation process; The kitchen is remaining, pericarp, dish root become thoroughly decomposed fully, and all pathogenic microbes total losses are active, and processing and the security performance of raw material are better. Because raw refuse effectively sorts fragmentation and strict screening processing, the content of the plastics that it is remaining and rag class material is lower than 2%, operation ingredient requirement after satisfying simultaneously.
To the screenings after the process biofermentation processed, its separation just becomes simple. Because the moisture content of this stage raw material is below 35%, so the separating substances such as coal ash, dregs and a large amount of hogwash classes of having become thoroughly decomposed, animal class can be become the secondary screenings by 6-10 purpose screen cloth; The secondary oversize is mainly fiber, pulverizes waste paper scrap, peanut melon seed cases, Chinese medicine slag, tealeaf residue, the isometric fibrous matter of leaf deadwood and a small amount of sticking rigid materials such as earth and pieces of glass, pottery that take.
Wherein, characteristic to the secondary oversize that sieves out is analyzed, it comprises these characteristics: oversize accounts for about raw refuse total amount 13-18%, fiber, pulverizes waste paper scrap, peanut melon seed cases, Chinese medicine slag, tealeaf residue, the isometric fibrous matter of leaf deadwood and accounts for 15-17%; The sticking rigid materials such as earth and pieces of glass, pottery that take account for 1-3%. Can find out that by above constituent analysis wherein the material more than 85% is the long fibre material, pick out the sticking condition that the rigid materials such as earth and pieces of glass, pottery possess the production wood activated charcoal that takes, so process according to the following steps, can produce the active carbon that reaches relevant national standard that is suitable for multiple industry use:
The secondary oversize is carried out the air-flow selection by winnowing, to carry out postsearch screening by 6-10 purpose screen cloth through the screenings after the biofermentation dehydration, the secondary oversize that sieves out is carried out the air-flow selection by winnowing, namely according to bank proportion and size distribution characteristics, air-classifier Air advection speed is at the 5-6 meter per second, initial steam pressure 200mm water column; The solid content filling rate is lower than in 20% the situation in the air-classifier casing, lightweight that can sedimentation obtains from floating thing partly is carbon containing purity and reaches more than 90%, moisture 35% activated carbon raw material, the heavy that is deposited in the air-classifier casing partly is pieces of glass, pottery etc.; Wherein, separated heavier substances is the first-class raw material of preparation biological ceramic particle owing to contain a large amount of element silicons; Then the activated carbon raw material pulverized successively, is added activator, charcoal activation, pickling desliming, float chlorine, the grinding of centrifugal dehydration, activated carbon oven dry, thick charcoal is broken, obtains high-quality activated carbon product.
The secondary screenings is analyzed, find that it has following characteristic: the secondary screenings is coal ash, the materials such as dregs and a large amount of hogwash classes of having become thoroughly decomposed, animal class, also can add refuse classification system recoveries hard material, and the hard material that selection by winnowing produces in production process of activated carbon recovery, constitute after three parts are compiled: inorganic content accounts for 80% (materials such as pottery, glass, stone pledge material account for); Organic principle accounts for 20%; Can find out that by typical composition this type of material accounts for the 10-11% of crude waste total amount. The composition of above-mentioned substance meets domestic conventional biological stephanoporate haydite production raw material index fully, possesses the condition of producing the biological stephanoporate haydite, so use as building material and the multiporous biological haydite materials that is suitable for multiple industry use.
Need to prove, the method that above-mentioned three kinds of raw materials are processed into respectively biomass fuel product, activated carbon products, multiporous biological ceramic product can adopt method corresponding in the background technology, it also can be other known method of not mentioning in this application, as long as can obtain corresponding raw material, it is a lot of that these Raw material processings are become the method for corresponding product, but technical scheme provided by the invention is through the most preferred technical scheme after the check experiment.
The present invention has the following advantages than prior art:
Because the present invention has adopted the conventional separating steps such as sorting fragmentation, trommelling, add special biofermentation dehydration technique, be aided with again postsearch screening, can once the high humidity mixed city garbage be separated into three kinds of raw materials that meet processing request, by processing method separately, can obtain three kinds of products: the one, the biomass fuel that high-grade commodity and security are fabulous; Two, be to be suitable for the activated carbon product that reaches relevant national standard that multiple industry is used; Three, as building material be suitable for the multiporous biological ceramic product that multiple industry is used. Basic zero landfill of realizing in the middle of whole processing procedure, the basic non-secondary pollution deposits yields of processing procedure had both embodied the good environmental benefit great Reclaiming benefit of getting back, and was that an important technology is broken through. Secondly, the part of the heavy after the steam flow selection by winnowing as the biological ceramic particle raw material, has been utilized resource more fully, the technique that whole rubbish is separated has obtained perfect, has realized the target of harmless treatment rubbish.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is process chart of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is described in further detail, but protection scope of the present invention has more than and is limited to these examples.
Embodiment 1: take the method for high humidity mixed city garbage as raw material one time to produce biomass fuel, biological ceramic particle and active carbon, comprise the steps:
One, the sorting of rubbish and fragmentation: the high humidity mixed city garbage is carried out effective mechanization sorting and broken, guarantee broken bag rate 〉=95%, discharging lumpiness≤100mm, automatic sorting goes out the large piece articles such as the rigid material such as brick, rubble, metal, battery and leatherware, clothes, the wherein large piece article such as leatherware, clothes retrieval system second-time breakage after large part break process;
Two, trommelling: be that remaining water content after process sorting and the fragmentation is reached the process that 50% broken rubbish screens in special rotary screen, it becomes oversize and screenings two parts with refuse classification, and wherein the typical case of oversize constitutes:
Typical composition tabulation (table four, unit: % by weight) by the oversize after the above-mentioned processing
| Organic matter | Inorganic matter | The waste product class | Moisture | |||||||
| Plant branch stem class | Adhere to dregs | Packing material | Bamboo wood furniture | Dry goods | Stationery | Plastic products (containing toy) | Footwear | The leatherware case and bag | Add up to (%) | Average % |
| 15.20 | 3.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.35 | 21.45 | 40 |
Typical composition tabulation (table five, unit: % by weight) by the screenings after the above-mentioned processing
| The waste product class | Inorganic matter | Organic degradable substance | Moisture | |||||
| Multiple mixing | Dregs | Brick, rubble etc. have been pulverized | More than the kitchen | The fruits and vegetables class | The branches and leaves class | The animality material | Add up to (%) | Average % |
| 3.20 | 18.35 | 1.45 | 30.3 | 10.1 | 11.3 | 2.85 | 77.55 | 50-60 |
Three, preparation biomass fuel: can realize that by trommelling the oversize refuse moisture reduces by 10 percentage points, average moisture content is 40%, simultaneously because the removal of easy corrupt material has guaranteed calorific value and holding time, the scope of application and the security of fuel.
But the oversize Relative Size is larger, in drying machine, easily twine and material dewatering surface area less, be unfavorable for oven dry and granulation, therefore will carry out through the oversize of trommelling secondary half wet-milling broken after to the block of lumpiness≤50mm, then drying, can adopt multiple drying mode, generally is to adopt special-purpose high-efficiency tobacco vapour formula stirring drier, under 250-300 ℃, dry to water content≤below 25%, namely get the biomass fuel raw material. For taking full advantage of resource, the thermal source of high-efficiency tobacco vapour formula stirring drier preferably adopts the supply of burning of self-produced fuel.
The method that above-mentioned biomass fuel raw material is prepared into finished product is: the calcium oxide that adds executing garbage material weight 3% in the executing garbage material of above-mentioned particle diameter≤50mm, carry out extruder grain after mixing, the formation particle diameter is that 20mm, length are the granulated garbage material of 40～100mm again; And then above-mentioned granulated garbage material dried under 100 ℃ temperature, till water content≤20%, namely getting the biomass fuel finished product, this operation adopts the fluidized drying cooling integrated machine of special construction to finish.
Biomass fuel by the said process preparation possesses following features:
1. the security commodity of fuel is fabulous: because the remaining removal fuel of material that waits in the kitchen in the rubbish has good preservation and serviceability. Can guarantee storage life, not efflorescence and secondary fermentation about 1 year under the normal temperature. Simultaneously because the maximum minimizing of chlorine-bearing compound, the generation of burning Sheng Cheng dioxins materials is minimum, ignition point is low, the sufficient combustion bed drain purge is lower than 15%, the hot burn decrement rate of deslagging is lower than 3%, can be directly as the building materials raw material, the tail gas index is better than common anthracitic burning tail vapour discharging, is suitable for any combustion process Air coefficient of excess greater than 1.5 Industrial Boiler;
2, Effective Raise calorific capacity: evidence, the rubbish of low heat value 1100Kcal/kg, calorific value can reach 3000Kcal/kg after said process processing;
3, calorific value is stable: the biomass fuel after above-mentioned processing, and calorific value is basically identical, has guaranteed the operation stability of boiler;
4, because burning condition improves, output effectively utilizes heat utilization rate to be higher than 70%; Both embody environmental benefit, realized to greatest extent reclaiming again benefit.
Adopt the prepared biomass fuel of the present invention burn in incinerator with municipal refuse and compare parameters such as following table: " the municipal refuse management with process disposal technology standard criterion application practice pandect " that these parameters will report by 8 moonlight in 2002 that publishing house publishes tomorrow, p804-805 the 5th joint, the content of important technological parameters and economic parameters is determined:
| Sequence number | Project | Rubbish directly burns | Biomass fuel burns |
| 1 | To the crude waste requirement | Q y dw≥1000Kcal/kg | Q y dw≥600Kcal/kg |
| 2 | Bulk density | r＝250～350kg/m 3 | r≥600kg/m 3 |
| 3 | Ignition temperature | 724～1050℃ | 1050℃～1300℃ |
| 4 | Rubbish is in the incinerator time of staying | 1.5h～2.5h | 1h～1.5h |
| 5 | The rubbish layer thickness | 500～1000mm | 500～1500mm |
| 6 | Burning tail thermic load | 8×10 4～15×10 4Kcal/m 3h | 1.5×10 4～25×10 4Kcal/m 3h |
| 7 | The incinerator load range | 90％～100％ | 100％～140％ |
| 8 | The high heating value material adds | 15％～30％ | |
| 9 | The hot burn decrement rate of dregs of incinerator | 5％～10％ | Below 1% |
| 10 | The dregs of incinerator content of organic matter | 0.1％～3％ | |
| 11 | Outlet exhaust gas dust concentration | 80～120mmg/m 3 | 30～40mmg/m 3 |
| 12 | Lingemann blackness | The I level |
| 13 | The burner hearth coefficient of excess air | 1.5～2 | 2-4 |
| 14 | Average rubbish electric energy heat recovery rate | 5-8％ | 20-30％ |
| 15 | The average treatment cost | 60～90 yuan/tons | 32.6 yuan/ton |
In a word, after preparing biomass fuel by method provided by the present invention, burn again, it is the optimal path that changes existing incinerator working condition, reduced simultaneously the requirement of incineration treatment of garbage to raw material, calorific value and moisture content, improved the scope of application of incineration, reduce energy consumption and cost, improve the output of disposal ability and heat energy, and the secondary pollution that greatly reduces tail gas and caused, be that an important technology is broken through, in addition, utilize this technology the incinerator that has now stopped production can be restarted use, greatly saved investment.
Four, screenings biofermentation dehydration: will carry out the biofermentation dehydration in the fermentation tank again through the screenings of trommelling, deep aeration turns over and pushes away, and fermentation process 15-20 days, until till screenings water content≤35%; Wherein, the adjusting of throughput is carried out according to temperature and moisture situation of change. It 1-3 days was sweat intensification section that material enters sweat, temperature rises to 75 ℃ by normal temperature in the fermentation tank, for improving the reproduction speed of aerobic bacterial classification, oxygenation capacity should be controlled at the required oxygen scope of culture propagation, needs every day to pass into air by 1 cubic metres of air/every cubic metre of material; It 3-10 days was the sweat constant temperature zone that material enters sweat, temperature remains on 55-75 ℃ in this stage fermentation groove, be activity and the breeding potential that guarantees aerobic bacterial classification, accelerate transpiring moisture, effectively kill various pathogenic microbes, need every day to pass into air by 3 cubic metres of air/every cubic metre of material; Entering sweat at material 10-15 days was the sweat temperature descending section, and temperature is down to normal temperature by 55-75 ℃ in the fermentation tank, for guaranteeing cooling rate, accelerated transpiring moisture, needed every day to pass into air by 0.8 cubic metres of air/every cubic metre of material;
Five, the preparation of active carbon: will carry out postsearch screening by 6-10 purpose screen cloth through the screenings after the biofermentation dehydration, the secondary oversize that sieves out is carried out the air-flow selection by winnowing, namely according to bank proportion and size distribution characteristics, air-classifier Air advection speed is at the 5-6 meter per second, initial steam pressure 200mm water column; The solid content filling rate is lower than in 20% the situation in the air-classifier casing, lightweight that can sedimentation obtains from floating thing partly is carbon containing purity and reaches more than 90%, moisture 35% activated carbon raw material, the heavy that is deposited in the air-classifier casing partly is pieces of glass, pottery etc.
The method that above-mentioned active carbon raw material is made finished product is:
1, pulverize: with half wet crushing mill to activated carbon raw material moisture content in the situation of 30-35%, half wet-milling is broken to the 6-40 order;
2, the interpolation of activator and stirring: active carbon raw material and activator mix after utilizing the cartridge type tank diameter to pulverize, restrain by active carbon 100: activator 300-400ml mixes thoroughly and is blended into the raw material that next step need be processed; Wherein the preparation method of activator is: after cadmia or zinc gray are mixed, when the adding hydrochloric acid displaces is 3-4 to PH, gets Baume degrees 36-45 ° liquid and make the zinc chloride activation agent;
3, charcoal activation: the above-mentioned raw materials charcoal is activated with vertical revolving carbon activation furnace, there is a large amount of Containing Zinc Chloride waste gas income cooling tower that raises up body of heater upper end, when being cooled to below 300 ℃, become sticking shape liquid to fall within the zinc chloride liquid hopper, fill with cold water sprays on the condensing tower top again, the cooling of the hydrogen chloride steam below 50 ℃ mist formation, falling into oblique louver with water flows in the wastewater disposal basin, activated carbon changes over to and reclaims zinc chloride to tail vapour Baume degrees 0 degree activation process and finish, and gets the activation charcoal after the activation;
4, pickling desliming: utilize New Type Cylinder Agitator will go out the carbon activation furnace material by the 10-18% adding hydrochloric acid of activation charcoal weight, carrying out acid with hot water more than 95 ℃ (hot water heating comes from upper operation water cooling process to zinc chloride waste gas cooling processing) boiled 6-10 hour, to activate charcoal changes in the husky agitator of dirt again, make carbon, the husky separation, discharge at the bottom of husky mud sinks to barrel;
5, float chlorine: utilize New Type Cylinder Agitator that chlorine to solution pH value is floated in activation charcoal stirring in the situation of continuous supplementing water of pickling desliming and be 6-7, remove the hydrogen chloride in the activation charcoal;
Utilize New Type Cylinder Agitator will activate charcoal and gently under stirring, float chlorine with water, the water of outflow and above-mentioned waste water are integrated with sedimentation basin, fully getting supernatant after the precipitation is metered in the neutralization reaction grain, add the abundant reaction precipitations of precipitating reagent such as lime, get supernatant, by 3/100000ths being under the waste water per ton after the 30-100 gram active carbon adsorption, sand filtration gets clear water and can reach water supply standard for the production cocycle again;
6, centrifugal dehydration: utilize link-suspended basket centrifuge to enter to carry out centrifugal dehydration through floating the qualified carbon of chlorine, its moisture is down to below 60%, the water that produces returns sedimentation basin, the secondary cycle utilization;
7, activated carbon oven dry: utilize cyclone type steam flow drying machine that the centrifugal dehydration material is sent in the drying tower by sealing screw, it is dry to heating material to blast clean hot blast with air blast, capture at cyclone separator and cloth bag trap and to be the finished product active carbon on 120 orders, what be not collected is the following thick carbon of 120 orders;
8, the grinding of thick carbon is broken: utilize porcelain ball ball mill that the thick carbon below 120 orders is fallen into bunker by cyclone separator, open a sluice gate to flow in 20-25 rev/min the ball mill, porcelain ball ball milling reached the 120-140 order in 2-6 hour, got the finished product active carbon.
The activated carbon product of this method preparation has following characteristic:
Because of the primary raw material of domestic production active carbon take coal as main; so the national standard of ature of coal granular activated carbon is more perfect; the production of wood activated charcoal is consults and carries out, and has stipulated that just relevant detection method now compares product major control index for ease of contrasting.
Reclaim solvent ature of coal granular activated carbon (GB7701.2-87) the key technical indexes
With this handicraft product index contrast tabulation
| Project | Index | This handicraft product index |
| Moisture % | ≤5 | ≤5 |
| Intensity % | ≥90 | ≥90 |
| Ignition point ℃ | ≥300 | ≥350 |
| Carbon tetrachloride adsorption rate % | ≥54 | ≥67 |
| Loading density g/L | Actual measurement | Actual measurement |
| Granularity mm 〉=5.50 2.75～5.50 1.0～2.75≤1.00 | ≤ 5% do not stipulate≤15%≤1% | So because of the present active carbon market demand to product granularity index and large this technique of the equal gap of particle shape now 120 order powder products be that main root needs process by order requirement granulation separately according to the client |
Six, the preparation of biological ceramic particle raw material: will carry out postsearch screening by 6-10 purpose screen cloth through the screenings after the biofermentation dehydration, the secondary screenings inorganic content of sieving out 〉=80% is the biological ceramic particle raw material; In order to utilize better resource, can be with the heavy part after the air-flow selection by winnowing in the preparation of activated carbon raw material as the biological ceramic particle raw material.
Above-mentioned biological ceramic particle raw material is prepared into the biological ceramic particle product, can adopts several different methods, as:
1, grinding of raw material: utilize Raymond mill with the biological ceramic particle Raw material processing to granularity 160-240 order;
2, stirring homogeneous processes: utilize the continuity biaxial rneader that 160-240 order biological ceramic particle raw material is stirred homogeneous, can according to circumstances add some functional materials simultaneously in good time, carry high-intensity silicates such as adding;
3, extrusion modling granulation: the raw material that utilizes the drum-type Squeezinggranulator will stir homogeneous carries out orthopedic round as a ball, and to guarantee the good sintering character of product, making diameter is the 3-30mm particulate material;
4, sintering processes: utilize the sintering integrated machine of drum-type drying that extruded granule is dried sintering, this process oven dry and sintering operation form integrated operation, barrel front end is drying section, high temperature 850-1150 ℃ of cigarette vapour is sprayed into by the cylindrical shell middle part, the suction of tail vapour is positioned at barrel front end, purpose is to take full advantage of the waste heat that sintering process produces, and enters the material moisture 3-8% of sintering process after the oven dry, sintering temperature 850-1150 ℃;
5, cooling processing unit: utilize drum-type cooler; With the raw material behind temperature 850-1150 ℃ the sintering, to normal temperature, to pack carrying out cooling processing under little condition of negative pressure, cooling procedure should guarantee 10-15 minute cool time for guaranteeing that haydite does not ftracture, and namely gets the biological ceramic particle product.
This biological ceramic particle product possesses following characteristic:
Lytag (standard GB/T 2838-81) main performance index
Contrast with this handicraft product index
| Sequence number | Test item | Index request | This handicraft product index |
| 1 | The particle diameter scope | 5-10mm; Three orders of magnitude of 10-15mm 15-20mm | 5-10mm; Two orders of magnitude of 10-15mm |
| 2 | The unit weight grade of haydite | 700 610-700,800 710-800,900 810-900 kilograms/cube six orders of magnitude | 500.510-600.600 kilogram/cube three orders of magnitude |
| 3. | The grade of compressive strength of haydite | 700≮4.0；800≮5.；0900≮6.5 MPa | 500≮4.0；600≮5.0MPa |
| 4 | The water absorption rate of haydite and coefficient of softing | Water absorption rate should be greater than 22%. Coefficient of softing should be less than 0.80 | Water absorption rate is less than 20%. Coefficient of softing is greater than 0.85 |
| 5 | The robustness of haydite | Measure robustness with the metabisulfite solution method, the loss in weight is less than 5% behind five special ring tests. | Measure robustness with the metabisulfite solution method, the loss in weight is less than 5% behind five special ring tests. |
| 6 | The stability of haydite | The boiling method check loss in weight is less than 2%. | The boiling method check loss in weight is less than 2%. |
| 7 | The loss on ignition of haydite | Loss on ignition should be greater than 4% | Loss on ignition is less than 4% |
Claims (6)
1, take the method for high humidity mixed city garbage as raw material one time to produce biomass fuel, biological ceramic particle and active carbon, it comprises sorting and broken, the trommelling of rubbish, characterized by further comprising following steps:
(1) preparation of biomass fuel:
(1-1) the broken and oven dry of half wet-milling: will carry out through the oversize of trommelling secondary half wet-milling broken after to the block of lumpiness≤50mm, and then block dried to water content≤namely get below 25% biomass fuel raw material;
(1-2) granulation: in the block of above-mentioned particle diameter≤50mm, add the auxiliary agent that is equivalent to executing garbage material weight 3-8%, carry out again extruder grain after mixing, form the granulated garbage material;
(1-3) oven dry: above-mentioned granulated garbage material is dried between 100-200 ℃, to water content≤20%, namely get biomass fuel;
(2) will in fermentation tank, carry out through the screenings of trommelling the biofermentation dehydration, pass into air by 0.8-3 cubic metres of air/every cubic metre of material every day, deep aeration turns over and pushes away under 55-75 ℃ of temperature, and fermentation process 15-20 days, until till screenings water content≤35%;
(3) postsearch screening: will carry out postsearch screening by 6-10 purpose screen cloth through the screenings after the biofermentation dehydration, and obtain secondary oversize and secondary screenings;
(3-1) preparation active carbon:
(3-1-1) steam flow selection by winnowing: the secondary oversize that sieves out is carried out the steam flow selection by winnowing, obtain that lightweight is partly that carbon containing purity reaches more than 90%, water content is 35% active carbon raw material;
(3-1-2) half wet-milling is broken: with half wet crushing mill water content is broken to the 6-40 order at active carbon raw material half wet-milling of 30-35%;
(3-1-3) interpolation of activator and stirring: active carbon raw material and activator mix after utilizing the cartridge type tank diameter to pulverize, restrain by active carbon 100: activator 300-400ml mixes thoroughly and is blended into the raw material that next step need be processed; Wherein the preparation method of activator is: after cadmia or zinc gray are mixed, when the adding hydrochloric acid displaces is 3-4 to PH, gets Baume degrees 36-45 ° liquid and make the zinc chloride activation agent;
(3-1-4) charcoal activation: with the activation of above-mentioned raw materials charcoal, remove wherein zinc chloride and most of hydrogen chloride with vertical revolving carbon activation furnace, when zinc chloride Baume degrees position 0 was spent in the tail vapour, charcoal activation process finished, and got the activation charcoal after the activation;
(3-1-5) pickling desliming: utilize New Type Cylinder Agitator will go out the carbon activation furnace material by the 10-18% adding hydrochloric acid of activation charcoal weight, carrying out acid with hot water more than 95 ℃ (hot water heating comes from upper operation water cooling process to zinc chloride waste gas cooling processing) boiled 6-10 hour, to activate charcoal changes in the husky agitator of dirt again, make carbon, the husky separation, discharge at the bottom of husky mud sinks to barrel;
(3-1-6) float chlorine: utilize New Type Cylinder Agitator that chlorine to solution pH value is floated in activation charcoal stirring in the situation of continuous supplementing water of pickling desliming and be 6-7, remove the hydrogen chloride in the activation charcoal;
(3-1-7) centrifugal dehydration: utilize that link-suspended basket centrifuge will qualified activation charcoal carries out centrifugal dehydration through floating chlorine, its moisture is down to below 60%;
(3-1-8) active carbon oven dry: the material after utilizing cyclone type steam flow drying machine with centrifugal dehydration is sent in the drying tower by sealing screw, it is dry to heating material to blast clean hot blast with air blast, capture finished product active carbon on 120 orders at cyclone separator and cloth bag trap, what be not collected is the following thick charcoals of 120 orders;
(3-1-9) grinding of thick carbon is broken: utilize porcelain ball ball mill with the thick carbon below 120 orders in ball mill, porcelain ball ball milling reached the 120-140 order in 2-6 hour, got the finished product active carbon;
(3-2) will carry out postsearch screening by 6-10 purpose screen cloth through the screenings after the biofermentation dehydration, the secondary screenings inorganic content of sieving out 〉=80% is the biological ceramic particle raw material;
(3-2-1) grinding of raw material: utilize Raymond mill with the biological ceramic particle Raw material processing to granularity 160-240 order;
(3-2-2) stirring homogeneous processes: utilize the continuity biaxial rneader that 160-240 order biological ceramic particle raw material is stirred homogeneous;
(3-2-3) extrusion modling granulation; It is orthopedic round as a ball to utilize the drum-type Squeezinggranulator that the raw material that stirs homogeneous is carried out, until particle diameter 3-30mm;
(3-2-4) sintering processes: utilize the sintering integrated machine of drum-type drying that extruded granule is dried sintering, bake out temperature is 850-1150 ℃, enters the material moisture 3-8% of sintering process after the oven dry, and sintering temperature is 850-1150 ℃;
(3-2-5) cooling processing unit: utilize drum-type cooler, with temperature 850-1150 ℃ biological ceramic particle, under little condition of negative pressure the cooling 10-15 minute, namely get the biological ceramic particle product.
2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the auxiliary agent that adds is wherein any one of calcium oxide, calcium carbonate or white lime in (1-2) granulation step.
3, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that in (1-2) granulation step, and the particle diameter of the granulated garbage material of formation is that 20-30mm, length are 40～100mm.
4, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that in (1-2) granulation step, the granulated garbage material water content of formation≤36%.
5, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the temperature that adopts is 150 ℃ in (1-3) baking step.
6, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that partly being biological haydite materials through the heavy after (3-1-1) steam flow selection by winnowing, uses with the biological ceramic particle raw material merging in (3-2).
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| NL184948C (en) * | 1977-10-15 | 1989-12-18 | Esmil Bv | MANUFACTURE OF CERAMIC ELEMENTS FROM A MIXTURE CONTAINING CLAY AND ORGANIC MATERIAL. |
| DE3347056A1 (en) * | 1983-12-24 | 1985-07-04 | Johann Dipl.-Ing. 4005 Meerbusch Roos | METHOD FOR PROCESSING HOUSEHOLE AND / OR HOUSEHOLD SIMILAR COMMERCIAL MATERIAL FOR PRODUCING A FUEL, AND COMBUSTION OVEN |
| CN1226542A (en) * | 1999-02-25 | 1999-08-25 | 南宁市格力特建材有限责任公司 | Garbage ceramsites and production thereof |
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