CN100534650C - Method for one step preparing biomass fuel raw material, biological haydite raw material and active carbon raw material using high wet mixed city garbage as raw material - Google Patents
Method for one step preparing biomass fuel raw material, biological haydite raw material and active carbon raw material using high wet mixed city garbage as raw material Download PDFInfo
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- CN100534650C CN100534650C CNB2006100221438A CN200610022143A CN100534650C CN 100534650 C CN100534650 C CN 100534650C CN B2006100221438 A CNB2006100221438 A CN B2006100221438A CN 200610022143 A CN200610022143 A CN 200610022143A CN 100534650 C CN100534650 C CN 100534650C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention is method of separating biomass fuel material, biological haydite material and active carbon material from wet mixed city refuse simultaneously. The method includes the steps of sorting and crushing refuse, drum screening, preparing biomass fuel material, biologically fermenting and dewatering, preparing biological haydite material, preparing active carbon material, etc. The present invention can make best utilization of refuse resource, reduce environmental pollution and power consumption and treat refuse in harmless mode.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the treatment of urban garbage technical field, is the method for isolating biomass fuel raw material, biological ceramic particle raw material and active carbon raw material from the high humidity mixed city garbage once specifically.
Background technology
In traditional trash processing way, sanitary landfill method: because of floor space is big, the disposal cost height waste a large amount of land resources, and applied value reduces gradually.Composting process: because of organic utilization is incomplete, fertilizer composition complexity, factor such as minimizing is less will progressively be eliminated.The burning of rubbish will become the main flow of domestic waste harmless treatment because of its many distinct advantages that have, mainly show: 1, rubbish is after burning disposal, pathogen in the rubbish is utterly destroyed, pernicious gas that produces in the combustion process and flue dust reach emission request after treatment, innoxious degree height; 2, but rubbish loss of weight 80% after burning subtracts and holds more than 90%, and decrement is effective, saves a large amount of soils, and tail gas, heat energy can fully reclaim and utilize.
But be subjected to that the output of component of refuse restriction, incinerator and heat and power system heat energy is low with the rate of recovery, operating cost is big, cost of electricity-generating is high, the influence of tail vapour and factors such as the slag emission environmental protection index is poor, treatment cost height simultaneously, applying of this technology is comparatively difficult.
Do not obtain the former of good effect in many international waste disposal method numerous engineering practices at home because: be subjected to the influence of consumption habit and environmental consciousness, the rubbish of external most countries is thrown in and collection method is the classification reception, at the rubbish that enters before the treatment facility, by good classification, be subjected to simultaneously habits and customs influence the surplus and less moisture of hogwash class amount of substance in kitchen in the rubbish and putrescible matter lower, packed standard has been created good condition for comprehensive reutilization.
And the collection method of Chinese rubbish is the mixing reception, kitchen in the rubbish is surplus and hogwash class amount of substance is higher, moisture and putrescible matter are higher, packed lack of standardization, raw refuse is almost " bag in the bag " form and throws in, and a material composition complexity can't be classified in the bag, so we lead to and are called " high humidity composting " in field of environmental engineering, it possesses following characteristic:
1. mix receiving complicated component, packed thing content height, conventional method can't normally effectively be classified;
2. moisture is big: average moisture 50%, and limit moisture is up to 70%; Calorific value is low: the kitchen is surplus, dregs class content is higher, on average accounts for 50%, and separation is bigger with the dehydration difficulty, and it is higher to handle energy consumption;
3. easy corrupt content of material is higher, deals with improperly and causes serious secondary pollution easily, and the recycling security of products and the commodity of rubbish are relatively poor simultaneously, and its typical composition sees the following form:
The tabulation of typical composition statistics (table one, the unit: weight %) of China's rubbish
Above composition tabulation was with 2005, and Shanghai and Nanjing, Nanning, four ground, Chongqing typical case's component content are got the result of integrated value.
All there is big defective in three kinds of waste disposal methods because of routine in implementation of China in sum, so in research and engineering application practice in recent years, it is domestic that some to have occurred be the preparation derivatived fuel of raw material with rubbish, the technology of activated carbon and haydite and method, be intended to make full use of more waste resources, more intactly disposal of refuse.Such as:
Chinese patent 200510021985.7 has been announced a kind of preparation method of city refuse incineration furnace granular fuel: this technology is raw material with Chinese high humidity composting, behind the broken removal of mechanization letter sorting hard material, remaining part all is squeezed into bar-shaped fuel after pulverizing processed.This fuel is mainly used in the pretreatment of raw material operation of all refuse-burning plants, owing to be that the high humidity composting is converted into the specification granular fuel, improved calorific value effectively, changed the incineration firing mode, improve the thermoelectric fan-out capability 40-50% of rubbish, realized the zero landfill of garbage disposal.
Technological deficiency: this technology is mainly used in the pretreatment of raw material operation of all refuse-burning plants, but because the garbage power project investment is big, and disposal ability is big, and required quantity of refuse is big especially, therefore is not suitable for using its restricted application for small and medium-sized cities; The fuel of being produced is owing to complicated component in addition, and it is preserved and burning condition harshness, is not suitable for the general industry boiler.
Chinese patent 02128993.X has announced a kind of solid-fuelled preparation method who utilizes municipal refuse to produce high heat value and low pollution: this technology is raw material with Chinese high humidity composting, by extracting film, bag, sheet waste plastics wherein after the several different methods sorting, become irregular, be ground into granule after block-shaped through the heating bunching, mix with the crushed material of the bamboo and wood products, chemical ﹠ blended fabric and the shell class material that sub-elect in the rubbish again and rolling, make oblate spheroid shape fuel.This fuel value is higher, and cleanliness factor is good, is applicable to the general industry boiler, the application range of products broad.
Technological deficiency: technology of garbage disposal is imperfect, reclaims not thoroughly, and the easy corrupt material of high humidity that accounts for total amount 70% is not utilized effectively, and surplus materials is handled according to a conventional method, and cost is high and easily produce secondary pollution.
Chinese patent 99101469.3 has been announced a kind of municipal refuse haydite and production method thereof: with the high humidity composting is raw material, through letter sorting, remove plastics, glass and other firm materials, pulverize by oven dry, selection by winnowing, add the clay of 5-15% according to the concrete composition of rubbish, stir the granulation balling-up, oven dry then, the expanded one-tenth haydite of roasting.
Technological deficiency: technology of garbage disposal is imperfect, reclaim not thorough, a large amount of moisture material existence of 50% that surpass, the raw material stoving cost is higher, and is organic higher in the ceramic product, and the intensity of the expanded back of roasting haydite is less, influence the scope of application, material composition complexity in addition, roasting process exhaust emissions index is relatively poor, contaminated environment.
Chinese patent 02109384.9 has been announced a kind of production technology and equipment thereof that utilizes the rubbish waste residue to produce haydite: with the composting is one of raw material, account for the 50-80% (deciding) of total dosage on the content of organic matter in the rubbish, rubbish is by screening, pulverizing, back and the flyash (or shale) that accounts for the 20-50% of total dosage carry out interworking and stir behind the granulating the expanded one-tenth haydite of roasting.
Technological deficiency: rubbish is as one of haydite raw materials for production, and consumption is little, because the rubbish average moisture content is higher than 50%, the production process cost is higher, and the complicated roasting process exhaust emissions of material composition index is relatively poor in addition, contaminated environment.
Chinese patent 02112598.8 has announced that a kind of municipal refuse production process of active carbon reaches
Retort: its basic technology be earlier with domestic waste through the incombustibility material in selection by winnowing, screening, removal rubbish again after the coarse crushing, then with organic substance part through chopping, broken or pulverize, drying and dewatering is to 15-20% again, this raw material enters special construction retort carbonization-activation after being squeezed into the piece material, make active carbon (semifinished product).
Technological deficiency: the rubbish technology of garbage disposal is imperfect, reclaim not thorough, incombustibility material in the rubbish is not fully recycled, a large amount of moisture materials of 50% of surpassing are directly dried, the raw material stoving cost is higher, and refuse classification technology imperfection is because a certain amount of inorganic constituents exists in the finished product, make the activated carbon product grade low, the market scope of application is limited.
Chinese patent 93114051.X has announced a kind of refuse classification separation of produced process of active carbon: rubbish is through crusher in crushing, the dry processing of the laggard row of vibrations screening, carry out methods such as selection by winnowing, electromagnetism choosing, electric network seizure again garbage drying is carried out sorting, make raw material through the active carbon that said process obtains, evenly mix with hydrochloric acid and liquor zinci chloridi after crushed, enter the charcoal activation procedure handle semi-finished product, semi-finished product are by the washing dregs, float chlorine and handle, must meet the activated carbon products of national standard after oven dry is pulverized.
Technological deficiency: the rubbish technology of garbage disposal is imperfect, reclaim not thorough, incombustibility material in the rubbish does not obtain effective recycling, a large amount of moisture materials of 50% of surpassing are directly dried, the raw material stoving cost is higher, refuse classification technology imperfection, assorting room complex process, the equipment complexity, the operating cost height.
Because all there are various technological deficiencies in conventional garbage resource engineering chemistry technology, has directly influenced applying and effectiveness of operation of its technology, mainly shows:
1. the technology integration is poor, rubbish is only carried out selective recovery, the production product category is single, is so limited, and prior art all shows in engineering application, scale is less, the cost recovery height, the processing disposal costs of residue is higher behind the refuse classification, and production process produces secondary pollution, resource and utilize level low again, not environmental protection of environmental protection project.
2. the refuse classification sorting technology falls behind, and it is bigger to cause this processing apparatus and labour to drop into, and the efficiency of separation is low, can utilize the material rate of recovery low, purity is low, increases the production cost, it is low to make quality of finished, and the resource recycling rate is low, is difficult to embody the recovery benefit.
3. the raw-material processing that sub-elects is handled all to adopt and dry earlier the technology of afterwards pulverizing, production process can have high input by equipment, and energy consumption is higher, has influenced applying of technology.
4. process of manufacture does not consider that various pathogenic microbes are to operating personnel's potential danger in the rubbish, and health and safety condition are poor.
Based on above-mentioned analysis, characteristic at Chinese high humidity composting, adopt process for comprehensively treating to materials different in the rubbish recycling of classifying, produce different industrial products, garbage disposal is innoxious completely, that resource has become technology of garbage disposal primary study and developing direction.
Summary of the invention
The method that the objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art and a kind of integrated treatment high humidity mixed city garbage is provided, promptly be the disposable method for preparing biomass fuel raw material, biological ceramic particle raw material and active carbon raw material of raw material, make full use of waste resources, reduce environmental pollution and energy consumption, thoroughly realize that garbage disposal is innoxious.
Find through long term studies for the high humidity mixed city garbage of China, the difficult point of its processing is how to classify, how to divide class, only under the prerequisite of classification, just may realize fully effectively utilizing of rubbish, for this reason, the present invention proposes the technical scheme of following classification:
The present invention is according to the characteristics of Chinese high humidity mixing domestic waste, at first effectively classify, characteristic according to the material of classifying adopts different processes then, make it resource completely, final output products is three kinds: 1, be suitable for the biomass fuel raw material greater than 1.5 Industrial Boiler of coefficient of excess air in any combustion process; 2, be suitable for the active carbon raw material that reaches relevant national standard that multiple industry is used; 3, as building material be suitable for the multiporous biological haydite materials that multiple industry is used.Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
With the high humidity mixed city garbage is the disposable method for preparing biomass fuel raw material, biological ceramic particle raw material and active carbon raw material of raw material, and it comprises sorting and broken, the trommelling of rubbish, wherein also comprises the steps:
(1) will carry out the block of the broken back of secondary half wet-milling through the oversize of trommelling, and then block will be dried to water content≤promptly get below 25% biomass fuel raw material to lumpiness≤50mm;
(2) will carry out the biofermentation dehydration in the fermentation tank again through the screenings of trommelling, press 0.8-3 cubic metres of air/every cubic metre of material bubbling air every day, deep aeration turns over and pushes away under 55-75 ℃ of temperature, and fermentation process 15-20 days, till screenings water content≤35%;
Wherein, the adjusting of throughput is carried out according to temperature and moisture situation of change.It 1-3 days was sweat intensification section that material enters sweat, temperature rises to 75 ℃ by normal temperature in the fermentation tank, for improving the reproduction speed of aerobic bacterial classification, oxygenation capacity should be controlled at the required oxygen scope of culture propagation, and every day need be by 1 cubic metres of air/every cubic metre of material bubbling air; It 3-10 days was the sweat constant temperature zone that material enters sweat, temperature remains on 55-75 ℃ in this stage fermentation groove, be activity and the breeding potential that guarantees aerobic bacterial classification, quicken transpiring moisture, effectively kill various pathogenic microbes, every day need be by 3 cubic metres of air/every cubic metre of material bubbling air; Entering sweat at material 10-15 days was the sweat temperature descending section, and temperature is reduced to normal temperature by 55-75 ℃ in the fermentation tank, for guaranteeing cooling rate, quickened transpiring moisture, and every day need be by 0.8 cubic metres of air/every cubic metre of material bubbling air;
(2-1) will carry out postsearch screening by 6-10 purpose screen cloth, the secondary oversize that sieves out will be carried out the air-flow selection by winnowing, obtain that lightweight is partly that carbon containing purity reaches more than 90%, water content is 35% active carbon raw material through the screenings after the biofermentation dehydration;
Wherein, the air-flow selection by winnowing is according to bank proportion and size distribution characteristics, air advection speed is at the 5-6 meter per second in the air-classifier, initial steam pressure 200mm water column, the solid content filling rate is lower than under 20% the situation in the air-classifier casing, can reclaim the lightweight part that floating thing and sedimentation obtain, be carbon containing purity and reach more than 90%, moisture 35% active carbon raw material; Being deposited on after the air-flow selection by winnowing is the heavy part in the air-classifier casing;
(2-2) will carry out postsearch screening by 6-10 purpose screen cloth through the screenings after the biofermentation dehydration, secondary screenings inorganic content 〉=80% that sieves out is the biological ceramic particle raw material.
In order to utilize resource better, can be with through being deposited on heavy part in the air-classifier casing as the biological ceramic particle raw material after the air-flow selection by winnowing in the step (2-1).
Wherein, the sorting of rubbish and broken, trommelling are the conventional known technologies that rubbish is classified in advance.
Wherein, the sorting of rubbish and fragmentation generally are to adopt mechanical type sorting and fragmentation, and basic requirement is to guarantee broken bag rate 〉=95%, and discharging lumpiness≤100mm sorts out large piece articles such as rigid material such as brick, rubble, metal, battery and leatherware, clothes automatically.
Trommelling is that process sorting and broken back remaining aqueous amount are reached the process that 50% broken rubbish screens in special rotary screen, and it becomes oversize and screenings two parts with refuse classification, and wherein the typical case of oversize constitutes:
Typical composition tabulation (table two, unit: weight %) by the oversize after the above-mentioned processing
Typical composition tabulation (table three, unit: weight %) by the screenings after the above-mentioned processing
Can find out obviously that oversize has following feature:
Be mainly the material of the difficult degraded of paper, plastics and other higher calorific values, account for 21.45% of total amount, comprehensive moisture about 40% does not contain rubbish from cooking and the corrupt substance that easily ferments substantially except that adhering to dregs, and above-mentioned substance has following characteristics:
1.. can not carry out compost treatment, can't degrade, bring into and cause the soil secondary pollution easily after finished product is piled at sweat;
2.. directly the recovery value amount is little, is difficult to thorough classification, and comprehensive moisture is up to 40%, and preservation and use sanitary condition are poor, and directly recovery can not utilize fully, and the rate of recovery is low;
3.. calorific value content height, the average calorific capacity of over dry material is higher than 4500Kcal/kg;
4.. possess and produce the good material condition that clean biomass fuel is produced, mainly show: the precursors that the De dioxins materials generates in the high humidity mixing burning city domestic garbage process is a chlorine-bearing compound, it is mainly derived from salt remaining in the rubbish from cooking according to Chinese consumption habit, by realizing the maximum minimizing of chlorine-bearing compound after the screening.
These features show, oversize has possessed the characteristic as biomass fuel, but its granularity is big, water content is also higher, also must just can reach the requirement of biomass fuel raw material after treatment, therefore, the present invention has also designed the step of the broken and oven dry of secondary half wet-milling to oversize.
Secondary half wet-milling is broken to be meant under material moisture is higher than 30% situation, need not do the oven dry processing to material and directly pulverize processing, purpose is the block that above-mentioned oversize is ground into lumpiness≤50mm under the situation of water content higher (40%), is beneficial to follow-up oven dry and processing.
Block to above-mentioned lumpiness≤50mm is dried, and can adopt multiple drying mode, generally is to adopt special-purpose efficient cigarette vapour formula stirring drier, dries under 250-300 ℃ to water content≤below 25%, promptly get the biomass fuel raw material.
According to the typical composition of screenings as can be seen, screenings has following characteristic:
Screenings accounts for 77.5% of total amount, is that four class materials constitute:
1. surplus, the pericarp in kitchen, dish root, etc. putrefactive material;
2. dregs (containing broken hard material);
3. the mixture of fiber substances such as paper scrap, peanut melon seed cases, Chinese medicine slag, tealeaf residue, leaf deadwood;
4. Can Yu plastics and rag class material.
The constituent analysis result is: 1. surplus, the pericarp in kitchen, dish root, etc. putrefactive material account for 50% of screenings mass fraction, average moisture 70%; 2. dregs (containing broken hard material) accounts for 23.5% of screenings mass fraction, average moisture 30%; 3. fiber substances such as paper scrap, peanut melon seed cases, Chinese medicine slag, tealeaf residue, leaf deadwood account for 25% of screenings mass fraction, average moisture 55%; 4. Can Yu plastics and rag class material account for screenings mass fraction 1.5%, average moisture 15%.
Above material has following feature: component is 1. because of containing a large amount of unrighted acids and protein matter, moisture more very easily ferments, at aerobic condition bottom fermentation temperature height, high-temperature duration length has stronger water evaporates ability, it is humic acid material and part long fibre that product is finished in fermentation, is the good foaming agent of production porous expanded ceramsite; Component 2. dregs contain in (containing broken hard material) about 50% cinder all the other for dust with the pottery, the stone metallic substance mixture, its component possesses the framework material condition of production hole expanded ceramsite fully; Component existence of (account for certainly dry biomass branch rate 90%) 3. because a large amount of cellulosic compositions, has the good condition of producing wood activated charcoal, 4. Can Yu plastics and rag class material account for screenings mass fraction 1.5%, handle in the raw materials for production that are distributed to two series products that because of content low pass operation later following process can not affected greatly.Wherein, the comprehensive moisture 50-60% of four class materials.In the case conventional method be difficult to separate, sorting.Former because: 1. inter-adhesive between the moisture high material, adhesion is united easily in screening plant, in addition surplus, the pericarp in kitchen, dish root, etc. putrefactive material when not being decomposed granularity quite can't separate with fiber substance granularities such as paper scrap, peanut melon seed cases, Chinese medicine slag, tealeaf residue, leaf deadwoods, as adopt method for sieving to stop up sieve aperture easily, inefficiency, separation rate less than 60%.2. four kinds of material bulk density gaps are less under the moisture situation of height, and are mobile poor, can not adopt selection by winnowing to separate.Secondly, also contain a large amount of pathogenic microbes in this screenings, the very easy health that influences the operator.
Therefore, adopt conventional separation method this two classes raw material effectively can't be separated, must find a kind of effective way will moisture wherein to reduce and kill pathogenic microbes, for this reason, the invention provides following method-screenings is carried out biofermentation dehydration: ferment through aerobic high-heat, can remove large quantity of moisture, under the degree of depth is exposed to the sun the condition of vapour turning, reduce to below 35% by the moisture content of its raw material after 15-20 days the fermentation process; The kitchen is surplus, pericarp, dish root become thoroughly decomposed fully, all pathogenic microbes total loss activity, and the processing and the security performance of raw material are better.Handle owing to raw refuse effectively sorts broken and strict screening simultaneously, the content of plastics that it is remaining and rag class material is lower than 2%, satisfied back operation ingredient requirement.
To the screenings after the process biofermentation processed, its separation just becomes simple.Because the moisture content of this stage raw material is below 35%, so separating substances such as coal ash, dregs and a large amount of hogwash classes of having become thoroughly decomposed, animal class can be become the secondary screenings by 6-10 purpose screen cloth; The secondary oversize is mainly fiber, pulverizes rigid materials such as waste paper scrap, peanut melon seed cases, Chinese medicine slag, tealeaf residue, the isometric fibrous matter of leaf deadwood and a small amount of sticking clothes earth and pieces of glass, pottery.
Wherein, characteristic to the secondary oversize that sieves out is analyzed, it comprises these characteristics: oversize accounts for about raw refuse total amount 13-18%, wherein fiber, pulverize waste paper scrap, peanut melon seed cases, Chinese medicine slag, tealeaf residue, the isometric fibrous matter of leaf deadwood and account for raw refuse total amount 15-17%; Rigid materials such as sticking clothes earth and pieces of glass, pottery account for raw refuse total amount 1-3%.By above constituent analysis as can be seen wherein the material more than 85% be the long fibre material, if pick out rigid materials such as sticking clothes earth and pieces of glass, pottery, just possesses the condition of producing the wood activated charcoal raw material, so handle according to the following steps, can produce the active carbon raw material that reaches relevant national standard that is suitable for multiple industry use:
The secondary oversize is carried out the air-flow selection by winnowing, to carry out postsearch screening by 6-10 purpose screen cloth through the screenings after the biofermentation dehydration, the secondary oversize that sieves out is carried out the air-flow selection by winnowing, promptly according to bank proportion and size distribution characteristics, air advection speed is at the 5-6 meter per second in the air-classifier, initial steam pressure 200mm water column; The solid content filling rate is lower than under 20% the situation in the air-classifier casing, lightweight that can sedimentation obtains from floating thing partly is carbon containing purity and reaches more than 90%, moisture 35% active carbon raw material, the heavy that is deposited in the air-classifier casing partly is pieces of glass, pottery etc.
Wherein, separated heavier substances is the first-class raw material of preparation biological ceramic particle owing to contain a large amount of element silicons.
The secondary screenings is analyzed, find that it has following characteristic: the secondary screenings is a coal ash, materials such as dregs and a large amount of hogwash classes of having become thoroughly decomposed, animal class, also can add refuse classification system recoveries hard material, and the material of the heavy that selection by winnowing produced in activated carbon production process part, can constitute after three parts are compiled: inorganic content accounts for 80% (materials such as pottery, glass, stone pledge material account for), and organic principle accounts for 20%.By typical composition as can be seen this type of material account for the 10-11% of crude waste total amount, the composition of above-mentioned substance meets domestic conventional biological stephanoporate haydite production raw material index fully, possess the condition of producing the biological stephanoporate haydite, can be used as building material and be suitable for the multiporous biological haydite materials use that multiple industry is used.
Need to prove, the method that above-mentioned three kinds of raw materials are processed into biomass fuel product, activated carbon product, multiporous biological ceramic product respectively can adopt method corresponding in the background technology, it also can be other known method of not mentioning in this application, as long as can obtain corresponding raw material, the method that these raw materials is processed into corresponding product is a lot.
The present invention has following advantage than prior art:
Because the present invention has adopted conventional separating steps such as sorting fragmentation, trommelling, add special biofermentation dehydration technique, be aided with postsearch screening again, can once the high humidity mixed city garbage be separated into three kinds of raw materials that meet processing request, by the processing method of routine, can obtain three kinds of products: the one, the biomass fuel that high-grade commodity and security are fabulous; Two, be to be suitable for the active carbon raw material that reaches relevant national standard that multiple industry is used; Three, as building material be suitable for the multiporous biological haydite materials that multiple industry is used.Realized zero landfill in the middle of the entire process process, the essentially no secondary pollution deposits yields of processing procedure had both embodied good environmental benefit and has got back and reclaim profit greatly, was that an important technology is broken through.Secondly, the part of the heavy after the air-flow selection by winnowing as the biological ceramic particle raw material, has been utilized resource more fully, it is perfect that whole rubbish separation processes has been obtained, and realized the target of harmless treatment rubbish.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process chart of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is described in further detail, but protection scope of the present invention has more than and is limited to these examples, such as, for the processing method of every kind of isolated raw material, can not be limited to the method in these examples.
Embodiment 1: with the high humidity mixed city garbage is the disposable method for preparing biomass fuel raw material, biological ceramic particle raw material and active carbon raw material of raw material, comprises the steps:
One, the sorting of rubbish and fragmentation: the high humidity mixed city garbage is carried out effective mechanization letter sorting and broken, guarantee broken bag rate 〉=95%, discharging lumpiness≤100mm, automatically sort out large piece articles such as rigid material such as brick, rubble, metal, battery and leatherware, clothes, wherein large piece article such as leatherware, clothes retrieval system second-time breakage after big part break process;
Two, trommelling: be that process sorting and broken back remaining aqueous amount are reached the process that 50% broken rubbish screens in special rotary screen, it becomes oversize and screenings two parts with refuse classification, and wherein the typical case of oversize constitutes:
Typical composition tabulation (table four, unit: weight %) by the oversize after the above-mentioned processing
Typical composition tabulation (table five, unit: weight %) by the screenings after the above-mentioned processing
Three, preparation biomass fuel raw material: can realize that by trommelling the oversize refuse moisture reduces by 10 percentage points, average moisture content is 40%, simultaneously because the removal of easy corrupt material has guaranteed calorific value and holding time, the scope of application and the security of fuel.
But the oversize granularity is relatively large, easy winding and material dewatering surface area are less relatively in drying machine, be unfavorable for oven dry and granulation, therefore will carry out the block of the broken back of secondary half wet-milling through the oversize of trommelling to lumpiness≤50mm, drying then, can adopt multiple drying mode, generally is to adopt special-purpose efficient cigarette vapour formula stirring drier, under 250-300 ℃, dry to water content≤below 25%, promptly get the biomass fuel raw material.For making full use of resource, the thermal source of efficient cigarette vapour formula stirring drier preferably adopts the supply of burning of self-produced fuel.
With above-mentioned biomass fuel feedstock production finished product, can adopt several different methods, such as, the calcium oxide of rubbish piece material weight 3% in the rubbish piece material of particle diameter≤50mm, added, carry out extruder grain after mixing again, the formation particle diameter is that 20mm, length are the granulated garbage material of 40～100mm; And then above-mentioned granulated garbage material dried under 100 ℃ temperature, till water content≤20%, promptly getting the biomass fuel finished product, this operation adopts the fluidized drying cooling all-in-one of special construction to finish.
Biomass fuel by the said process preparation possesses following characteristics:
1. the security commodity of fuel is fabulous: because the surplus removal fuel of material that waits in the kitchen in the rubbish has good preservation and serviceability.Normal temperature can guarantee storage life, not efflorescence and the secondary fermentation about 1 year down.Simultaneously because the maximum minimizing of chlorine-bearing compound, it is minimum that burning generates the generation of dioxins materials, ignition point is low, the sufficient combustion bed drain purge is lower than 15%, the hot burn decrement rate of deslagging is lower than 3%, can be directly as the building materials raw material, the tail gas index is better than common anthracitic burning tail vapour discharging, is suitable for coefficient of excess air in any combustion process greater than 1.5 Industrial Boiler;
2, effectively improve calorific capacity: evidence, the rubbish of low heat value 1100Kcal/kg, calorific value can reach 3000Kcal/kg after said process processing;
3, calorific value is stable: the biomass fuel after above-mentioned processing, and the calorific value basically identical has been guaranteed the operation stability of boiler;
4, because burning condition improves, output effectively utilizes the heat energy utilization rate to be higher than 70%; Both embody environmental benefit, realized reclaiming benefit again to greatest extent.
Adopt the prepared biomass fuel of the present invention in incinerator, burn and compare parameters such as following table: " the municipal refuse management with handle disposal technology standard criterion application practice pandect " that these parameters will report by 2002 8 moonlight that publishing house publishes tomorrow with municipal refuse, p804-805 the 5th joint, the content of important technological parameters and economic parameters is determined:
| Sequence number | Project | Rubbish directly burns | Biomass fuel burns |
| 1 | To the crude waste requirement | Q y dw≥1000Kcal/kg | Q y dw≥600Kcal/kg |
| 2 | Bulk density | r＝250～350kg/m 3 | r≥600kg/m 3 |
| 3 | Ignition temperature | 724～1050℃ | 1050℃～1300℃ |
| 4 | Rubbish is in the incinerator time of staying | 1.5h～2.5h | 1h～1.5h |
| 5 | The rubbish thickness of feed layer | 500～1000mm | 500～1500mm |
| 6 | Burning tail thermic load | 8×10 4～15×10 4Kcal/m 3h | 1.5×10 4～25×10 4Kcal/m 3h |
| 7 | The incinerator load range | 90％～100％ | 100％～140％ |
| 8 | The high heating value material adds | 15％～30％ | \ |
| 9 | The hot burn decrement rate of dregs of incinerator | 5％～10％ | Below 1% |
| 10 | The dregs of incinerator content of organic matter | 0.1％～3％ | \ |
| 11 | Outlet exhaust gas dust concentration | 80～120mmg/m 3 | 30～40mmg/m 3 |
| 12 | Lingemann blackness | The I level | \ |
| 13 | The burner hearth coefficient of excess air | 1.5～2 | 2-4 |
| 14 | Average rubbish electric energy heat recovery rate | 5-8％ | 20-30％ |
| 15 | The average treatment cost | 60～90 yuan/ton | 32.6 unit/ton |
In a word, after preparing biomass fuel by method provided by the present invention, burn again, it is the optimal path that changes existing incinerator working condition, reduced the requirement of incineration treatment of garbage simultaneously to raw material, calorific value and moisture content, improved the scope of application of burning method disposal of refuse, reduce energy consumption and cost, improve the output of disposal ability and heat energy, and the secondary pollution that greatly reduces tail gas and caused, be that an important technology is broken through, in addition, utilize this technology the incinerator that has now stopped production can be restarted use, greatly saved investment.
Four, screenings biofermentation dehydration: will carry out the biofermentation dehydration in the fermentation tank again through the screenings of trommelling, deep aeration turns over and pushes away, and fermentation process 15-20 days, till screenings water content≤35%; Wherein, the adjusting of throughput is carried out according to temperature and moisture situation of change.It 1-3 days was sweat intensification section that material enters sweat, temperature rises to 75 ℃ by normal temperature in the fermentation tank, for improving the reproduction speed of aerobic bacterial classification, oxygenation capacity should be controlled at the required oxygen scope of culture propagation, and every day need be by 1 cubic metres of air/every cubic metre of material bubbling air; It 3-10 days was the sweat constant temperature zone that material enters sweat, temperature remains on 55-75 ℃ in this stage fermentation groove, be activity and the breeding potential that guarantees aerobic bacterial classification, quicken transpiring moisture, effectively kill various pathogenic microbes, every day need be by 3 cubic metres of air/every cubic metre of material bubbling air; Entering sweat at material 10-15 days was the sweat temperature descending section, and temperature is reduced to normal temperature by 55-75 ℃ in the fermentation tank, for guaranteeing cooling rate, quickened transpiring moisture, and every day need be by 0.8 cubic metres of air/every cubic metre of material bubbling air;
Five, active carbon feedstock production: will carry out postsearch screening by 6-10 purpose screen cloth through the screenings after the biofermentation dehydration, the secondary oversize that sieves out is carried out the air-flow selection by winnowing, promptly according to bank proportion and size distribution characteristics, air advection speed is at the 5-6 meter per second in the air-classifier, initial steam pressure 200mm water column; The solid content filling rate is lower than under 20% the situation in the air-classifier casing, lightweight that can sedimentation obtains from floating thing partly is carbon containing purity and reaches more than 90%, moisture 35% active carbon raw material, the heavy that is deposited in the air-classifier casing partly is pieces of glass, pottery etc.
Above-mentioned active carbon raw material is made finished product, can adopt several different methods, such as:
1, pulverize: with half wet crushing mill to active carbon raw material moisture content under the situation of 30-35%, half wet-milling is broken to the 6-40 order;
2, the interpolation of activator and stirring: active carbon raw material and activator mix after utilizing the cartridge type tank diameter to pulverize, restrain by active carbon 100: activator 300-400ml mixes thoroughly and is blended into the raw material that next step need be processed; Wherein the preparation method of activator is: after cadmia or zinc gray are mixed, add hydrochloric acid displaces when PH is 3-4, get Baume degrees 36-45 ° liquid and make the zinc chloride activation agent;
3, charcoal activation: the above-mentioned raw materials charcoal is activated with vertical revolution carbon activation furnace, body of heater upper end has and contains the zinc chloride waste gas income cooling tower that raises up in a large number, when being cooled to below 300 ℃, become sticking shape liquid to fall within the zinc chloride liquid hopper, adorn on the condensing tower top again with cold water sprays, the cooling of the hydrogen chloride steam below 50 ℃ mist formation, fall into oblique louver with water and flow in the wastewater disposal basin, activated carbon changes over to and reclaims zinc chloride to the 0 degree activation process end of tail vapour Baume degrees, the activation charcoal after must activating;
4, pickling desliming: utilize the cartridge type agitator will go out the 10-18% adding hydrochloric acid of carbon activation furnace material by activation charcoal weight, carrying out acid with hot water more than 95 ℃ (the hot water heating comes from operation water cooling process to zinc chloride waste gas cooling processing) boiled 6-10 hour, to activate charcoal again changes in the husky agitator of dirt, make carbon, the husky separation, discharge at the bottom of husky mud sinks to barrel;
5, float chlorine: utilize the cartridge type agitator that chlorine to solution pH value is floated in activation charcoal stirring under the situation of continuous supplementing water of pickling desliming and be 6-7, remove the hydrogen chloride in the activation charcoal;
6, centrifugal dehydration: utilize that link-suspended basket centrifuge will qualified activation charcoal carries out centrifugal dehydration through floating chlorine, its moisture is reduced to below 60%, the water that is produced returns sedimentation basin, the secondary cycle utilization;
7, active carbon oven dry: utilize cyclone type steam flow drying machine that the centrifugal dehydration material is sent in the drying tower by sealing screw, blast clean hot blast to the material heat drying with air blast, capture at cyclone separator and cloth bag trap and to be the finished product active carbon on 120 orders, what be not collected is the following thick carbon of 120 orders;
8, the grinding fragmentation of thick carbon: utilize porcelain ball ball mill with the thick carbon below 120 orders in ball mill, porcelain ball ball milling reached the 120-140 order in 2-6 hour, the finished product active carbon.
The activated carbon product of this method preparation has following characteristic:
Because of the primary raw material of domestic production active carbon based on coal; so the national standard of ature of coal granular activated carbon is more perfect; the production of wood activated charcoal is consults and carries out, and has stipulated that just relevant detection method now compares product major control index for ease of contrasting.
Reclaim solvent ature of coal granular activated carbon (GB7701.2-87) the key technical indexes
With this handicraft product index contrast tabulation
| Project | Index | This handicraft product index |
| Moisture % | ≤5 | ≤5 |
| Intensity % | ≥90 | ≥90 |
| Ignition point ℃ | ≥300 | ≥350 |
| Carbon tetrachloride adsorption rate % | ≥54 | ≥67 |
| Loading density g/L | Actual measurement | Actual measurement |
| Granularity mm 〉=5.50 2.75～5.50 1.0～2.75≤1.00 | ≤ 5% do not stipulate≤15%≤1% | So because of the present active carbon market demand to product granularity index and big this technology of the equal gap of particle shape now 120 order powder products be that main root needs process by order requirement granulation separately according to the client |
Six, the preparation of biological ceramic particle raw material: will carry out postsearch screening by 6-10 purpose screen cloth through the screenings after the biofermentation dehydration, secondary screenings inorganic content 〉=80% that sieves out is the biological ceramic particle raw material; In order to utilize resource better, can be with the part of the heavy after the air-flow selection by winnowing in the active carbon feedstock production as the biological ceramic particle raw material.
Above-mentioned biological ceramic particle feedstock production is become the biological ceramic particle product, can adopt several different methods, as:
1, grinding of raw material: utilize Raymond mill that the biological ceramic particle raw material is machined to granularity 160-240 order;
2, stirring homogeneous handles: utilize the continuity biaxial rneader that 160-240 order biological ceramic particle raw material is stirred homogeneous, can according to circumstances add some functional materials simultaneously in good time, as adding the silicates of regulating intensity;
3, extrusion modling granulation: utilize the drum-type Squeezinggranulator to carry out particle diameter 3-30mm to stirring homogeneous, realize in the granulation process particle that is squeezed into is carried out orthopedic round as a ball, to guarantee the good sintering character of product;
4, sintering processes: utilize the sintering integrated machine of drum-type drying that extruded granule is dried sintering, this process oven dry and sintering operation form integrated operation, barrel front end is the oven dry section, high temperature 850-1150 ℃ of cigarette vapour is sprayed into by the cylindrical shell middle part, the suction of tail vapour is positioned at barrel front end, purpose is to make full use of the waste heat that sintering process produces, and enters the material moisture 3-8% of sintering process after the oven dry, sintering temperature 850-1150 ℃;
5, cooling processing unit: utilize drum-type cooling machine; With temperature 850-1150 ℃ biological ceramic particle, under little condition of negative pressure, carry out cooling processing, to pack after being cooled to normal temperature, cooling procedure should guarantee 10-15 minute cool time for guaranteeing that haydite does not ftracture, and promptly gets the biological ceramic particle product.
This biological ceramic particle product possesses following characteristic:
Lytag (standard GB 2838-81) main performance index
Contrast with this handicraft product index
| Sequence number | Test item | Index request | This handicraft product index |
| 1 | The particle diameter scope | 5-10mm; Three orders of magnitude of 10-15mm 15-20mm | 5-10mm; Two orders of magnitude of 10-15mm |
| 2 | The unit weight grade of haydite | 700610-700800710-800900810-900 kilogram/cube six orders of magnitude | 500.510-600.600 kilogram/cube three orders of magnitude |
| 3. | The grade of compressive strength of haydite | 700≮4.0；800≮5.；0900≮6.5 MPa | 500≮4.0；600≮5.0MPa |
| 4 | The water absorption rate of haydite and coefficient of softing | Water absorption rate should be greater than 22%.Coefficient of softing should be less than 0.80 | Water absorption rate is less than 20%.Coefficient of softing is greater than 0.85 |
| 5 | The robustness of haydite | Measure robustness with the metabisulfite solution method, the loss in weight is less than 5% behind five special ring tests. | Measure robustness with the metabisulfite solution method, the loss in weight is less than 5% behind five special ring tests. |
| 6 | The stability of haydite | The boiling method check loss in weight is less than 2%. | The boiling method check loss in weight is less than 2%. |
| 7 | The loss on ignition of haydite | Loss on ignition should be greater than 4% | Loss on ignition is less than 4% |
Claims (2)
1, be the disposable method for preparing biomass fuel raw material, biological ceramic particle raw material and active carbon raw material of raw material with the high humidity mixed city garbage, it comprises sorting and broken, the trommelling of rubbish, it is characterized in that also comprising the steps:
(1) will carry out the block of the broken back of secondary half wet-milling through the oversize of trommelling, and then block dried to water content≤25% promptly get the biomass fuel raw material to lumpiness≤50mm;
(2) will in fermentation tank, carry out the biofermentation dehydration through the screenings of trommelling, press 0.8-3 cubic metres of air/every cubic metre of material bubbling air every day, deep aeration turns over and pushes away under 55-75 ℃ of temperature, and fermentation process 15-20 days, till screenings water content≤35%;
(2-1) will carry out postsearch screening by 6-10 purpose screen cloth, the secondary oversize that sieves out will be carried out the air-flow selection by winnowing, obtain that lightweight is partly that carbon containing purity reaches more than 90%, water content is 35% active carbon raw material through the screenings after the biofermentation dehydration;
(2-2) will carry out postsearch screening by 6-10 purpose screen cloth through the screenings after the biofermentation dehydration, secondary screenings inorganic content 〉=80% that sieves out is the biological ceramic particle raw material.
2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that partly being biological haydite materials through the heavy after the air-flow selection by winnowing in the step (2-1).
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| CN101798081B (en) * | 2009-12-11 | 2012-08-22 | 深圳市兖能环保科技有限公司 | Method and device for producing active carbon from solid product in refuse microwave pyrolysis treatment system |
| CN102416402A (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2012-04-18 | 大理垃圾无害化环保科技开发有限公司 | Method for treating domestic garbage |
| CN102716892A (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2012-10-10 | 王启庚 | Garbage crushing station apparatus |
| CN102660345A (en) * | 2012-05-04 | 2012-09-12 | 陆海燕 | Process for preparing biomass compact solidified fuel |
| CN102671928B (en) * | 2012-05-07 | 2014-02-26 | 四川川润环保能源科技有限公司 | Method for sorting and comprehensively using urban mixed garbage |
| CN106824976A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-06-13 | 四川雷鸣环保装备有限公司 | The method for preparing derivatived fuel RDF raw materials, biological organic fertilizer raw material and inorganic building material raw material as raw material with rubbish |
| JP6763575B2 (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2020-09-30 | 株式会社下瀬微生物研究所 | Fuel conversion equipment and fuel conversion method by fermentation and drying of the object to be processed |
| CN110721983A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-24 | 长沙凯天工研院环保服务有限公司 | Method for treating garbage by adopting ball mill |
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| CN1109850A (en) * | 1995-01-25 | 1995-10-11 | 北京市环境卫生科学研究所 | Method for producing haydite from refuse or mud |
| KR20040087819A (en) * | 2003-04-08 | 2004-10-15 | 김계숙 | manufacturing method of solid fuel which is utilized kind of food waste |
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