CN1109850A - Method for producing haydite from refuse or mud - Google Patents

Abstract

The method for producing haydites with refuse or mud includes such steps as mixing sieved refuse dust with clay and auxiliaries (or mixing mud with clay and less solid fuel), granulating, baking and high-temp. calcine. Said haydite is an artificial light aggregate withcracked and hard surface and internal micro pores, which features low volume weight, high strength, fire resistance and chemical stability, low thermal conductivity and good affinity with cement.

Description

Method for producing haydite from refuse or mud

The present invention relates to the method for making haydite (being artificial aggregate) and making haydite, belong to building material field with mud with rubbish.

According to statistics, Beijing on average produces ton surplus the rubbish 8000 daily nineteen ninety.So a large amount of rubbish is handled to transport the exposed mode of stacking in suburbs to for many years basically, and these rubbish are except that being imposed on the farmland by local peasant's as fertilizer sources on a small quantity, and a large amount of rubbish do not have other outlet.Big and small scrap heap has formed the gesture of encirclement to Beijing, take up an area of to reach 450 hectares.With regard to the whole nation, the processing of rubbish and the situation of dissolving are more severe, and effective processing rate of rubbish only is about 7%.

At present, the treatment process of rubbish has compost, landfill, burning and producing bricks from refuse etc.There is following shortcoming in these methods:

1. for the compost and the landfill of rubbish, although technical comparative maturity can not fundamentally solve the outlet of rubbish.In addition, along with the reform and opening-up and the high speed development of national economy of China, it is more and more difficult to take over the land for use, and haul distance is also more and more far away, and is not only costly, and had a strong impact on local environmental health.Now the basic practice of landfill and composting plant is that the old rubbish of screening is sold to the peasant and makes fertilizer and use, but because these rubbish are exposed stacks for many years, its agricultural value is little after measured, has been not suitable as the fertilizer use.

2. for the burning of rubbish, because China's resident living situation is still relatively backward comparatively speaking, this has just determined that institute's calorific value is on the low side in the rubbish, rubbish is if burn, must add a large amount of fuel such as coal, gasoline, diesel oil etc. in addition, can effectively handle, the waste residue after the burning also needs to carry out landfill or compost treatment.So not only wants mass consumption fuel, also can produce secondary pollution, and secondary pollution is for also being insoluble problem in the world that it needs a large amount of fund inputs than the more developed country.

3. producing bricks from refuse is that the old rubbish after the screening is made main raw material, add a certain proportion of clay, forms through sintering, and this technology is to solve the processing of rubbish and the effective way of dissolving.But the hollow brick that from world's building material industry development trend, can economize in raw materials, reduce cost, improve building efficient is the main developing direction in the several years from now on, and solid brick will be eliminated gradually.State Council has also issued and has required to develop energetically hollow brick recently, eliminates the notice of solid brick gradually.

In addition, the environmental problem that the mankind depend on for existence is paid close attention to by more and more many people, becomes global significant problem, and the processing as the sewage of one of source of pollution also becomes the object that countries in the world are paid close attention to, and China is no exception.China has taken up to set up modern large-scale wastewater treatment plant recently, as Gaobeidian City sewage work.The day ability of disposing of sewage of Gaobeidian City sewage work is 5,000,000 tons at present, 400 cubic metres in day discharge mud.If in 300 days, Gaobeidian City sewage work one place only, 1 year will output mud 12 ten thousand steres.So a large amount of mud has seriously influenced local environmental health, causes local mosquitos and flies density to improve, and has aggravated propagation of germ and distributing of foul smell.If these mud are imposed on the farmland as fertilizer, then wherein contained corruption organism and toxic substance be contaminated soil, water source and farm crop seriously.And these mud need a large amount of good farmlands as stacking, have have so also occupied valuable land resources.

In recent decades, because the appearance of various uses, multi-functional buildings has stimulated material of construction to develop to polynary direction greatly.For some special needs, impel the lubricating substance that constitutes one of concrete main component, the variation of matter has taken place to artificial aggregate by natural aggregate.Artificial aggregate is a haydite, and its kind is a lot, can be divided into leca, haydites of book structure, lytag, coal gangue haydite etc. by raw materials used difference.At present, states such as Japan mainly produce leca and haydites of book structure, and domestic various places are to produce leca, haydites of book structure and lytag.As: haydite factory in Beijing's produces haydites of book structure; Tu Qiao Bricks and Tiles Plant, Beijing produces leca; Tianjin Silicate Products Factory produces lytag etc.But do not see as yet with rubbish and mud and make haydite.

In view of above-mentioned, the present invention proposes a kind of method of utilizing rubbish and mud to produce building material ceramic, it can dissolve rubbish and mud, turn waste into wealth, improve environmental pollution, for a new road is opened up in the processing of rubbish and mud.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this:

The making method step of garbage ceramsites is: rubbish screening → oven dry → rubbish and clay, hard coal are by 10～40: 60～90: 0～5 weight ratio is mixed → fragmentation → granulating and forming → oven dry → high-temperature roasting → cooling → sorting.

The making method step of sludge ceramsite is: sludge dewatering → mud and clay, hard coal are by 50～85: 10～40: 3～8 weight ratio is mixed → fragmentation → granulating and forming → oven dry → high-temperature roasting → cooling → sorting.

The aforesaid method medium clay soil uses as caking agent, and hard coal is then made carbonaceous materials added to raw materials and used.

The backing mechanism of haydite is: because high-temperature roasting, at first form one deck glassiness at particle surface, particle is covered fully, continue roasting again, the organic matter that causes granule interior burns with the air that is closed and produces gas release and come out, chap so the haydite epidermis that makes is hard, there is micropore inside.Be characterized in that unit weight is light, intensity is high, thermal conductivity is low, refractoriness is high, chemical stability is good.

The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment.

Embodiment 1

With the old rubbish screening in garbage loading embeading or the composting plant, get the rubbish ash of its granularity≤10mm, dry to water ratio≤35%, with rubbish and clay (comprising clay, mild clay), the hard coal of oven dry by 10～40: 60～90: 0～5 part by weight is put into feed bin and is mixed.When contained when organic higher in the rubbish, can add hard coal.Mixed raw material is delivered to the excessive raw material of particle size after cracking in the double roll crusher by travelling belt, and raw material is further mixed.Water jet is housed in the crusher, and by the required moisture of water jet ejection material forming, injection flow rate accounts for about 16～20% of raw material, decides on the plasticity of clay.The raw material that is evenly wet is delivered in the nodulizer by travelling belt, carries out balling-up granulation work.Granular feedstock after the granulation is delivered in the revolution drying kiln by conveyer and is dried, and its used heat is from the waste heat of roasting kiln.After this deliver to revolution roasting roasting in kilns by conveyer again, an end of roasting kiln is equipped with the spray coal combustion equipment, and fire coal directly is sprayed onto in the roasting kiln through pipeline by blower fan.Granular feedstock after the oven dry promptly becomes haydite after high-temperature roasting, two processes of naturally cooling, cooled haydite is delivered to the lift place through mechanical oscillating conveyor, by lift haydite is delivered to vibratory screening apparatus and carry out sorting, select the haydite and the Tao Sha of different size requirement, deliver to different stacking fields respectively.To the pottery piece that wherein in roasting process, might produce owing to adhesion,, deliver to vibratory screening apparatus punishment choosing again then by after the special-purpose crusher in crushing.

Embodiment 2

Use the hard coal in the batching of embodiment 1 instead iron powder, and with rubbish and clay, the iron powder of oven dry by 10～40: 60～90: 1～3 weight ratio is mixed, and adopts same processing method, can be made into high-intensity garbage ceramsites.

The garbage ceramsites of making in order to the top method is for oval spherical, and its epidermis is hard and chap, and is red sauce; There is trickle pore its inside, is grey black.Be characterized in that unit weight is light, intensity is high, thermal conductivity is low, refractoriness is high, chemical stability is good.

Embodiment 3

The mud that sewage work is discharged adopts mechanical dehydration or natural dehydration method to dewater, make about water ratio≤35% of mud, with mud and clay, the hard coal of dehydration by 50～85: 10～40: 3～8 weight ratio is mixed, and following process is identical with the making garbage ceramsites.

Sludge ceramsite is a spheroidal or oval spherical, and its epidermis is coarse and hard, is light lark, and there is trickle pore its inside, is grey black.The same garbage ceramsites of other performance.

The working condition of above garbage ceramsites and sludge ceramsite is:

Moulding water ratio: 16～20%

Drying kiln rotating speed: 1.5～2 rev/mins

Roasting kiln rotating speed: 2～3 rev/mins

Rotation speed of fan: 500～600 rev/mins

Bake out temperature: 400～900 ℃

Maturing temperature: 1000～1200 ℃

Roasting time: 15～45 minutes

Tail Wen Wendu:＜400 ℃

Advantage of the present invention is:

1. technical recipe is feasible, because sintering temperature is higher than 1000 ℃, can kill the harmful bacteria in rubbish and the mud fully, so product is nontoxic;

2. products made thereby unit weight is light, intensity is high, thermal conductivity factor is low, refractoriness is high, chemical stability is good, thereby than general natural stone more good physical and mechanical property is arranged;

3. because made its surface checking of haydite, thereby so that during concrete processed, haydite is better than natural stone with property cement and suitable;

4. energy-saving soil, because of rubbish and this genus of mud refuse, so product cost is low, the economic benefit height;

5. can dissolve in a large number rubbish and mud are turned waste into wealth, and are conducive to improve environmental pollution, have preferably social benefit and environmental benefit.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of method of producing garbage ceramsites the steps include:

With rubbish screening back oven dry;

With rubbish and clay, the hard coal of oven dry by 10～40: 60～90: 0～5 weight ratio is mixed fragmentation afterwards;

With the mixing raw material granulating and forming after the fragmentation;

With sorting after the raw material drying of moulding, high-temperature roasting, the cooling.

2, a kind of method of producing garbage ceramsites the steps include:

With rubbish screening back oven dry;

With rubbish and clay, the iron powder of oven dry by 10～40: 60～90: 1～3 weight ratio is mixed fragmentation afterwards;

With the mixing raw material granulating and forming after the fragmentation;

With sorting after the raw material drying of moulding, high-temperature roasting, the cooling.

3, a kind of method of producing sludge ceramsite the steps include:

Mud is dewatered;

With mud and clay, the hard coal of dehydration by 50～85: 10～40: 3～8 weight ratio is mixed fragmentation afterwards;

With the mixing raw material granulating and forming after the fragmentation;

With sorting after the raw material drying of moulding, high-temperature roasting, the cooling.