CN104646396B - A kind of method utilizing solid waste preparing hydrogen carbon fuel - Google Patents

A kind of method utilizing solid waste preparing hydrogen carbon fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104646396B
CN104646396B CN201510052951.8A CN201510052951A CN104646396B CN 104646396 B CN104646396 B CN 104646396B CN 201510052951 A CN201510052951 A CN 201510052951A CN 104646396 B CN104646396 B CN 104646396B
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combustible
winnower
fuel
solid waste
hydrogen
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CN104646396A (en
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刘曜
殷浪
王自立
李水生
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Hunan Yao Xiang Eco-Friendly Power Source Science And Technology Ltd
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Hunan Yao Xiang Eco-Friendly Power Source Science And Technology Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of method utilizing solid waste preparing hydrogen carbon fuel.Described method includes the steps such as solid waste collection and storage, broken bag and sorting, coarse crushing and coarse fraction, selecting crude drugs with winnower and artificial separation, dehydration and shearing, dechlorination, deacidification and deodorization, dedusting, carbonization, heat supply and generating.The method fundamentally solves the utilization of energy problem, particularly house refuse of solid waste and flammable industrial refuse.

Description

A kind of method utilizing solid waste preparing hydrogen carbon fuel
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental protection and biomass energy technology field, be specifically related to a kind of method utilizing solid waste preparing hydrogen carbon fuel.
Background technology
The solid waste such as house refuse and flammable industrial refuse deal with improperly not only can eroded field and big gas and water, soil are polluted, the living environment of the serious threat mankind and health, and the wasting of resources can be caused, affect the national economic development.Along with enhancing and the raising of MSW heating value of Environmental Protection in China consciousness, the recovery energy of rubbish increasingly comes into one's own, and can reach the purpose of " innoxious, minimizing, resource " of rubbish to greatest extent.
At present, a lot of with the kind that the solid waste such as house refuse and flammable industrial refuse produce fuel product for raw material, such as environment-friendly garbage regenerated coal, composite briquette, rubbish synthetic fuel etc., the additive basic simlarity added in the process used and production process, it is all add some flammable or perfect combustion catalizers after broken for refuse classification, then extruded, simply formula differs.And, existing patented technology in the content described, the quantity of additive all between 15% 50%, the additive of such vast scale, the cost of reclaimed coal certainly will be improved；Also higher than the cost of waste incineration and generating electricity, have no promotional value.Simultaneously, utilize the fuel that prior art is produced except can not directly burn for generating, because the extremely toxic substances such as two English can be produced after burning, directly idle discharge is put the severe contamination that can cause atmospheric environment without treating tail gas, and tail gas administered and to spend huge input and operating cost very high again, therefore, it is necessary to carry out prior art thoroughly improving and transformation, can be only achieved the purpose of the environmental protection use of garbage fuel and industrialization.This technology by carrying out dechlorination, desulfurization and solid chlorine, solid sulphuring treatment to the plastics such as PVC, PP, PPR in rubbish and rubber material, precursor substance HC1 (or the C1 generating two English2) and H2S、SO2Removing Deng effectively, in the fuel material obtained, the content of hydrogen and carbon has exceeded 80%, and this fuel-based is similar to pure biomass wood carbon, calorific value up to 4000 7000kcae/kg, after burning without two English, without H2S, without SO2Deng discharge of poisonous waste, and can direct combustion heat supplying, can be used widely.
Summary of the invention
It is contemplated that be in that for the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that a kind of method utilizing solid waste preparing hydrogen carbon fuel, fundamentally solve the utilization of energy problem, particularly house refuse of solid waste and flammable industrial refuse.
In order to achieve the above object, technical scheme provided by the invention is:
The described method utilizing solid waste preparing hydrogen carbon fuel comprises the steps:
(1) pour solid waste into material storage container, make Leachate site automatically flow sewage regulating reservoir from material storage container bottom pipe；
(2) solid waste is risen to steel wire rope bag-breaking machine from material storage container and carry out broken bag；
(3) solid waste after broken bag is transported to bouncing sorter and isolates noncombustibles and combustible；
(4) noncombustibles is transported to vibration slope-climbing machine, isolates Organic substance more than inorganic matter and kitchen, inorganic matter is filled；Organic substance more than kitchen is transported to anaerobic fermentation pond and carries out anaerobic fermentation, produce biogas and compost；Combustible is transported to magnetic separator and sub-elects metal, obtain removing the combustible of metallics；
(5) combustible removing metallics being transported to shearing primary mill, carry out the broken of larger pieces of material, the combustible after slightly being broken, the Leachate site of precipitation then introduces sewage regulating reservoir with pipeline；
(6) combustible after slightly broken is sent into rough segmentation rotary screen, utilize big winnower selecting crude drugs with winnower oversize, utilize little winnower selecting crude drugs with winnower siftage；
(7) little winnower selecting crude drugs with winnower lightweight thing out is transported to magnetic separator and sub-elects biscuit metal；Little winnower selecting crude drugs with winnower heavy substance out is isolated Organic substance more than inorganic matter and kitchen through vibration slope-climbing machine, inorganic matter is carried out landfill disposal；Organic substance more than kitchen is carried out fermentation process, produces biogas and compost.The lightweight thing sorted out by big winnower is transported to crawler type and rolls dewaterer, the heavy substance sorted out by big winnower is sent into after magnetic separator sub-elects metallics and is entered into artificial separation room, gone out the noncombustibles of residual by artificial go-no-go, remaining combustible is sent into crawler type and is rolled dewaterer；
(8) crawler type is rolled dewaterer and is rolled by crawler belt by the water content combustible more than 45%, and dehydration, to less than 30%, obtains the combustible after dehydration.The sewage taken off being imported to sewage regulating reservoir be adjusted, sewage sends into leachate treatment factory after overregulating；
(9) combustible material after dehydration passes through punching type longitudinal shear machine and cross cut shears, is transported to dechlorination reaction still by feed screw and is dried dechlorination after cutting into the blockage that the length of side is about 5cm.The parameter of dry dechlorination is as follows: temperature is about 300 DEG C, time >=half an hour, catalyst is ZSM25, iron oxides or palladium ferrous metal mixture.Little carbon block and little carbon granule is obtained after dry dechlorination, and containing HC1, H2S、SO2、NH3Hot blast；
(10) little carbon block and little carbon granule are delivered to chiller cooling, obtains the little carbon block after cooling and little carbon granule, will containing HC1, H2S、SO2、NH3Hot blast be incorporated into spray extracting tower carry out deacidification, obtain the gas after deacidification；
(11) gas after deacidification is removed after stink then through cleaner unit dedusting through deodoriser, then discharge；
(12) the little carbon block after cooling and little carbon granule being crossed segmentation rotary screen, siftage is the hydrogen toner body fuel of diameter≤5mm, and oversize is the carbon block of diameter > 5mm；
(13) adding solid chlorine sulphur-fixing agent in hydrogen toner body fuel, solid chlorine sulphur-fixing agent weight is 2% the 4% of hydrogen toner body weight of fuel, then passes through blender and stirs and through forming machine molding, obtains the molding hydrogen carbon fuel that diameter is 8mm 25mm；The carbon block of diameter > 5mm is put into dry distillation charring kiln and carries out dry distillation charring, dry distillation charring temperature is 400 DEG C 600 DEG C, combustor burning is utilized from the fuel gas of dry distillation charring kiln discharge and to obtain heat, a part of heat is used for heating dry distillation charring kiln, and another part heat is used for heating steam boiler；The carbonized material discharged from dry distillation charring kiln obtains hydrogen toner body fuel after beater disintegrating machine is pulverized, and through supercooling and forming machine molding, hydrogen toner body fuel is obtained the hydrogen carbon shaped fuel that diameter is 8mm 25mm；
(14) steam that steam boiler provides generates electricity for driving steam turbine, forms the hot blast of about 300 DEG C, be then introduced into dechlorination reaction still after the high-temperature flue gas of steam boiler discharge and cold air mixing, for the material in dechlorination and drying dechlorination reaction still；
Wherein, described solid waste is house refuse and flammable industrial refuse etc..
Wherein, step (3) described noncombustible matter is Organic substance more than brick, tile fragment, stone, vial, kitchen；Combustible is plastics, rubber, fabric, wooden thing, papery thing.Step (4) described inorganic matter is brick, tile fragment, stone, vial.The described solid chlorine sulphur-fixing agent of step (13) is calcium oxide.
The equipment used in the present invention is the equipment of prior art.
Below in conjunction with design parameter, the invention will be further described:
It is as follows that the method utilizing solid waste preparing hydrogen carbon fuel of the present invention realizes process:
1, solid waste is poured material storage container into, Leachate site flows sewage regulating reservoir automatically from pond bottom pipeline；
2, with grab bucket, solid waste is risen to steel wire rope bag-breaking machine, plastic bag, woven bag, cloth bag etc. are broken；
3, the solid waste after broken bag is transported to bouncing sorter and isolates the combustible such as noncombustible matter and plastics, rubber, fabric, wooden thing, papery thing such as Organic substance more than brick, tile fragment, stone, vial, kitchen；
4, noncombustibles is transported to vibration slope-climbing machine, isolates Organic substance more than the inorganic matters such as brick, tile fragment, stone, vial and kitchen, inorganic matter is filled；
5, Organic substance more than kitchen is transported to anaerobic fermentation pond and carries out anaerobic fermentation, biogas and compost can be produced；
6, the combustibles such as plastics, rubber, fabric, wooden thing, papery thing are transported to magnetic separator to be sorted out by major part metallics；
7, the combustible removing metallics being transported to shearing primary mill, carry out the broken of larger pieces of material, the Leachate site pipeline that wash rice goes out introduces sewage regulating reservoir；
8, the combustible after slightly breaking enters rough segmentation rotary screen, and oversize utilizes big winnower to carry out selecting crude drugs with winnower, and siftage utilizes little winnower to carry out selecting crude drugs with winnower；
9, little winnower selecting crude drugs with winnower lightweight thing out is transported to magnetic separator and sub-elects biscuit metal, enter back into artificial separation program, heavy substance isolates Organic substance more than the inorganic matters such as dregs, coal ash, finger stone, cullet and kitchen through vibration slope-climbing machine, inorganic matter is carried out landfill disposal, Organic substance more than kitchen is carried out fermentation process, to produce biogas and compost；
10, the lightweight thing that big winnower sorts out is delivered directly to crawler type roll dehydration and enter, heavy substance then enters after magnetic separator sub-elects metallics and enters into artificial separation room, gone out the noncombustibleses such as the metal of residual, small household appliances, battery, tile fragment, finger stone, cullet by artificial go-no-go, remaining combustible enters into crawler type and rolls dewaterer；
11, crawler type roll dewaterer by the water content material more than 45% by crawler belt roll can dehydration to less than 30%, the sewage taken off is directed to sewage regulating reservoir, and sewage is sent to leachate treatment factory after overregulating process and processes；
12, the combustible material after dehydration passes through punching type longitudinal shear machine and cross cut shears, cuts into the blockage of 5 cm, is transported to dechlorination reaction still again through feed screw；
13, dechlorination reaction still is the key equipment adopted in the present invention, and this equipment is horizontal rotary drying kiln or vertical rotating drying kiln or mesh-belt kiln etc..This device is made up of steel cylinders, barrel rotating device and control system, wheel belt, support roller, gear wheel, inner lining refractory, spiral feed system, humidity discharging ventilating system, temperature control heat source system, dehydrator head-tail sealing etc..Dry dechlorination process temperature controls at about 300 DEG C, and for hot air drying, the time of staying is half an hour more than, and the material inlet end at drying kiln has dechlorination catalyst flusher.Catalyst may select ZSM25, iron oxides (Fe3O4) or palladium one ferrous metal mixture etc., this catalyst can accelerate the speed of dechlorination, shortens the time of dechlorination, improves the efficiency of dechlorination.At the port of export of drying kiln equipped with combustion supporting catalyst flusher, adsorbing combustion adjuvant and can reduce ignition temperature and improve fuel value, no matter be hard PVC thick for thin film PVC or 2 5mm and PP after PVC and PP plastics dechlorination, the clearance of chlorine all reaches more than 95%.Chloride ion runs into hot blast and is quickly generated HC1 gas after deviating from, and is taken away by hot blast, remains in the chlorinity in PVC and PP plastics within 5%.PVC, PP etc. after dechlorination become the little carbon granule of black, and all the other fabrics, wooden thing, rubber etc. become the little carbon block of black.This little carbon block (grain) is transported to chiller and cools down, containing HC1, H2S、SO2、NH3Being introduced in spray extracting tower carry out deacidification process Deng the hot blast of material, the hot blast of reactor is provided by distribution plenum；
14, the gas having taken off acid removes H through deodoriser2S、NH3Deng after odorous gas then through cleaner unit dedusting, just can pass through smoke stack emission；
15, through overcooled little carbon block (grain) by after segmenting rotary screen, siftage is the diameter little carbon granules less than 5mm, i.e. hydrogen toner body fuel, this part powder fuel primary raw material is the plastics such as PVC, PP, PE, PPR, oversize is the diameter little carbon block more than 5mm, and this little carbon block primary raw material is wooden thing, rubber, fabric etc.；
16, also adding the solid chlorine sulphur-fixing agents such as calcium oxide (CaO) for little carbon granules powder fuel, adding proportion is about 3%, is sufficiently stirred for again through blender and can obtain, with forming machine molding, the molding hydrogen carbon fuel that diameter is 8mm 25mm；
17, little carbon block is put into dry distillation charring kiln and carry out carbonization, dry distillation charring temperature is 400 DEG C 600 DEG C, utilizing combustor burning from the fuel gas of dry distillation charring kiln discharge and to obtain heat, a part of heat is used for heating dry distillation charring kiln, and another part heat is used for heating steam boiler.The carbonized material discharged from charring kiln obtains hydrogen toner body fuel through beater disintegrating machine pulverizing, just can obtain, then through cooling and forming machine molding, the hydrogen carbon shaped fuel that diameter is 8mm 25mm；
18, most of heat that combustor provides is for steam boiler, the steam that steam boiler provides is for driving steam turbine generating, the high-temperature flue gas of boiler emission is introduced in flue gas mixing-chamber and cold air mixing, form the hot blast of about 300 DEG C, it is then introduced into dechlorination reaction still, for material drying and dechlorination.
Compared with prior art, the invention have the benefit that
1, the pretreatment of solid waste be have employed steel wire rope bag-breaking machine by the present invention first, little winnower, big winnower, crawler type roll the new devices such as dewaterer, punching type longitudinal shear machine, punching type cross cut shears, these devices are through actually used, effect is very good, and cheap, durable in use, maintenance cost is low；
2, the present invention utilizes dechlorination reaction still under uniform temperature and rotary speed, in still, material ceaselessly overturns and is fully contacted with hot blast, and containing under palladium ferrum compound dechlorination catalyst effect, PVC and PP plastics absorb dechlorination catalyst, skeleton carbochain is destroyed, chlorine (C12) overflowing from carbochain runs into hot blast generation HC1 gas, sulfur (S) is deviate from from rubber simultaneously, runs into hot blast and generates H2S and SO2Gas, HC1, H2S、SO2Taken away by hot blast.It is provided with the detecting devices such as thermometric, hygrometric, survey acid in reactor, can automatically detect and control every technical parameters such as temperature, humidity, acidity, make dechlorination and desulfurization reach optimum efficiency；
3, the little carbon granules such as dechlorination desulfurization and dried PVC, PP, PE, PPR, rubber are added again the solid chlorine sulphur-fixing agent (CaO powder mixture) of about 3% by the present invention before the forming, and after being sufficiently stirred for, make hydrogen carbon shaped fuel, can effectively control the generation of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride in burning, make a small amount of chlorine source remained in fuel and sulfur source all with metal chloride (CaC12) and sulfosalt (CaSO4) form exist, eradicated burning in generate the chlorine source needed for two English and H2S and SO2Required sulfur source, thus having eradicated two English and SO2Discharge；
4, the present invention is to little carbon block such as the wooden thing of not chloride element, fabric, rubber, papery things, carbonizing kiln then through 400 DEG C 600 DEG C carries out carbonization, the elements such as the nitrogen (N) contained in the sulfur (S) contained in rubber and acrylon are thoroughly removed, become containing only hydrogen, carbon, oxygen element hydrogen carbon fuel.This fuel value is up to 4000 7000Kcae/kg, and without harmful poisonous gas discharging after can directly burning and burn, utilize biomass combustion machine to burn the fuel gas that carbonizing kiln discharges simultaneously, carry out heat supply can to carbonizing kiln and steam boiler, the steam that steam boiler produces can generate electricity by driving steam turbine, and the high-temperature flue gas of boiler emission provides hot blast to dechlorination reaction still；
5, in process of production, the additive such as dechlorination catalyst, combustion supporting catalyst, admittedly chlorine sulphur-fixing agent is all adopt dosing feeder to be added.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is present invention process flow chart.
Detailed description of the invention
Referring to Fig. 1, the described method utilizing solid waste preparing hydrogen carbon fuel comprises the steps:
1, solid waste is collected and is stored
Pouring material storage container into by collecting the solid waste come, be provided with drain pipeline, be used for deriving Leachate site bottom material storage container, top is provided with grab bucket for capturing solid waste.
2, broken bag and sorting
The solid waste that material grasping bucket is sent here first carries out broken bag with steel wire rope bag-breaking machine, solid waste is made to form bulk cargo completely, spring sorting is carried out again with bouncing sorter, isolate brick, tile fragment, stone, vial, kitchen is remaining waits noncombustibles and plastics, fabric, wooden thing, papery thing, the combustibles such as rubber, noncombustibles isolates brick then through vibration climbing apparatus, stone, vial, Organic substance more than the inorganic matters such as tile fragment and kitchen, inorganic matter is filled, Organic substance is carried out anaerobic fermentation and processes Biogas and compost, combustible enters into primary mill after isolating metallics then through magnetic separator.
3, coarse crushing and coarse fraction
Utilize shearing primary mill that bulk combustible is carried out coarse crushing, it is broken into the lump material of less than 30 centimetres, the sewage produced time broken imports in sewage regulating reservoir by catheter, transport material to rough segmentation rotary screen, this cylinder three grades of sieve screen apertures of screening, i.e. 80mm, 50mm, 30mm, siftage enters little winnower, and oversize enters big winnower.
4, selecting crude drugs with winnower and artificial separation
Selecting crude drugs with winnower divides little selecting crude drugs with winnower and big selecting crude drugs with winnower, material such as is divided into more than dregs, coal ash, finger stone, cullet, part kitchen at the combustible such as noncombustibles and broken plastics, debris, broken fabric, wood fragments pledge by little winnower, noncombustibles isolates Organic substance more than the inorganic matters such as dregs and kitchen again through vibration climbing apparatus, inorganic matter is filled, Organic substance carries out anaerobic fermentation Biogas and compost, and combustible is transported to after magnetic separator isolates metallics and carries out artificial separation again.Big winnower enters into artificial separation after being sorted out by bulk light materials, the combustibles such as noncombustibles and plastics, fabric, wooden thing, papery thing such as the metallics of omission, small household appliances, battery, tile fragment, finger stone, cullet are gone out by artificial separation go-on-go, noncombustibles is filled, combustible is transported to and rolls dewaterer and carry out dehydration；
5, dehydration and shearing
Crawler type rolls dehydration function and is undertaken combustible material rolling uniform sequentially, can by material from water content up to more than 45% dehydration to less than 30%, the sewage taken off imports to sewage regulating reservoir by catheter, and is sent to leachate treatment factory and processes.Material after dehydration cuts into the blockage of about 5cm again through punching type longitudinal shear machine and cross cut shears, is transported to dechlorination reaction still with conveying worm.
6, dechlorination, deacidification and deodorization, dedusting
Dechlorination reaction still may utilize the drying plants such as horizontal rotary drying kiln, vertical rotating drying kiln, guipure drying kiln, controlled by two-stage temperature control in kiln and rotary speed, combustible material ceaselessly overturns in kiln and fully contacts with hot blast, under ferrum palladium composite catalyst effect, chloride ion (C12) can spin off from PVC and PP plastics, the chloride ion (C1 spun off2) and part S ion run into hot blast and just generate HC1, H2S、SO2Gas, extracting tower is entered under the drive of hot blast, in extracting tower, hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid, ammonia and the alkaline water smoke containing sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide are fully contacted generation chemical reaction, generate sodium chloride salt (NaC1), calcium chloride salt (CaC12)、Na2SO4Salt, CaSO4The precipitate such as salt, the H of residual fraction2The pungent gas such as S enters into deodoriser, separately adds wet method odor removal by grating odor removal and carries out deodorization, by de-HC1, de-H2The tail gas of S and deodorization is re-introduced into cleaner unit and carries out dedusting, removes the dust granules of more than PM2.5, is discharged in air by the above-mentioned tail gas processed, can reach the discharge standard of national regulation.In material after dechlorination reaction still dechlorination, the raw materials such as PVC, PP, PE, PPR have essentially become rice husk size and the moisture little carbon granule of the black less than 10%, the raw materials such as fabric, rubber, wooden thing become the little carbon block of black that 2cm 4cm is square and moisture is less than 15%, above-mentioned little carbon granule and little carbon block segmentation rotary screen are sieved, isolate little carbon block and little carbon granule, little carbon granule and hydrogen toner body fuel enter into blender, and little carbon block enters into charring kiln.
7, carbonization, heat supply and generating
The little carbon block of dechlorination is put into dry distillation charring kiln and carries out carbonization, dry distillation charring kiln can be vertical non-rotating clearance-type and horizontal rotary continuous way, in dry distillation carbonizing furnace, no oxygen exists, and carbonization temperature controls at 400 DEG C 600 DEG C, and material sloughs major part hydrogen, oxygen, SO in kiln2、N3Deng volatile mixture, this mixture is fuel gas, and wherein the ratio of CO accounts for 29%, CH4Accounting for 15%, H2 accounts for 3%, and CnHm accounts for 2%, is drawn by fuel gas and utilizes biomass combustion machine to burn, and the fraction of its heat is used for heating dry distillation carbonizing furnace, and the major part of heat, to steam boiler heat supply, uses steam drive steam turbine power generation.The tail gas of boiler emission enters into flue gas mixing-chamber and part cold air carries out the hot blast of mixed form about 300 DEG C, this hot blast is incorporated into dechlorination reaction still material in still is dried and dechlorination.The charcoal material discharged from charring kiln stops working through wet method and pulverizes with beater disintegrating machine, is then passed through chiller and cools down, just obtains little carbon granule and hydrogen toner body fuel.
8, hydrogen carbon fuel
The hydrogen toner body fuel that segmentation rotary screen and chiller in said process obtain is put into blender, blender adds the solid chlorine sulphur-fixing agent of about 3%, it is stirred putting into forming machine after uniformly to be shaped, just forms the hydrogen carbon shaped fuel that diameter is 8mm 25mm.Gu chlorine sulphur-fixing agent is with the CaO pulverulent mixture being primary raw material, it be mainly used for hydrogen carbon shaped fuel in combustion, will the C1 of residual2It is fixed in lime-ash with S and forms CaC12And CaSO4Crystalline material, thus reducing C12And SO2Discharge.The explanation of nouns of hydrogen carbon fuel is: formed in the content of material of fuel, the ratio of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) element accounts for more than 80%, by the hydrogen carbon fuel that the technology of the present invention is formed, in its content of material, the ratio of carbon and protium has exceeded 80%, and calorific value is at 4000 7000kcal/kg, the tail gas of its post combustion emission exists without two English substantially, HC1, SO2Also non-normally low etc. the content of harmful poisonous gas, and well below country's waste incineration in the discharge standard (GB18485 2014) of formulation in 2014.In solid waste, the main matter kind of house refuse and flammable industrial refuse is: wooden thing, fabric, papery thing, PVC, PP, PE, PPR, terylene, acrylon, foam, cotton yarn, silk duty thing, rubber etc., in above-mentioned substance, only PVC and PP contains chlorine (C1) element, and molecular formula is: [CH2CHC1] n, melting temperature is 160 180 DEG C, and acrylon contain nitrogen (N) element, and molecular formula is [CH (CN) CH2] n, deliquescing temperature is 190 230 DEG C, and containing sulfur (S) element in rubber, constituent is mainly carbon (C) and accounts for the sulfur (S) of 2%, PE molecular formula: [CH2CH2] n, PPR molecular formula: [CH3(CH3)CH2] n, terylene molecular formula: [OCPHCOOCH2CH2O] n, can be seen that all the other materials are substantially the high molecular polymer elementary composition by carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O) or compound, not chloride, sulfur, nitrogen element from above-mentioned molecular formula.

Claims (4)

1. the method utilizing solid waste preparing hydrogen carbon fuel, it is characterised in that described method comprises the steps:
(1) pour solid waste into material storage container, make Leachate site automatically flow sewage regulating reservoir from material storage container bottom pipe；
(2) solid waste is risen to steel wire rope bag-breaking machine from material storage container and carry out broken bag；
(3) solid waste after broken bag is transported to bouncing sorter and isolates noncombustibles and combustible；
(4) noncombustibles is transported to vibration slope-climbing machine, isolates Organic substance more than inorganic matter and kitchen, inorganic matter is filled；Organic substance more than kitchen is transported to anaerobic fermentation pond and carries out anaerobic fermentation, produce biogas and compost；Combustible is transported to magnetic separator and sub-elects metal, obtain removing the combustible of metallics；
(5) combustible removing metallics being transported to shearing primary mill, carry out the broken of larger pieces of material, the combustible after slightly being broken, the Leachate site pipeline of precipitation is incorporated into sewage regulating reservoir；
(6) combustible after slightly broken is sent into rough segmentation rotary screen, utilize big winnower selecting crude drugs with winnower oversize, utilize little winnower selecting crude drugs with winnower siftage；
(7) little winnower selecting crude drugs with winnower lightweight thing out is transported to magnetic separator and sub-elects biscuit metal, little winnower selecting crude drugs with winnower heavy substance out is isolated Organic substance more than inorganic matter and kitchen through vibration slope-climbing machine, inorganic matter is carried out landfill disposal, Organic substance more than kitchen is carried out fermentation process, produces biogas and compost；The lightweight thing sorted out by big winnower is transported to crawler type and rolls dewaterer, the heavy substance sorted out by big winnower is sent into after magnetic separator sub-elects metallics and is entered into artificial separation room, gone out the noncombustibles of residual by artificial go-no-go, remaining combustible is sent into crawler type and is rolled dewaterer；
(8) crawler type rolls dewaterer and the water content combustible more than 45% is rolled dehydration to less than 30% by crawler belt, obtain the combustible after dehydration, the sewage taken off being imported to sewage regulating reservoir be adjusted, sewage is sent to leachate treatment factory after overregulating；
(9) combustible after dehydration passes through punching type longitudinal shear machine and cross cut shears, is transported to dechlorination reaction still by feed screw and is dried dechlorination after cutting into the blockage that the length of side is about 5cm；The parameter of dry dechlorination is as follows: temperature is about 300 DEG C, time >=half an hour, catalyst is ZSM25, iron oxides or palladium ferrous metal mixture；Little carbon block and little carbon granule is obtained after dry dechlorination, and containing HC1, H2S、SO2、NH3Hot blast；
(10) little carbon block and little carbon granule are delivered to chiller cooling, little carbon block after being cooled down and little carbon granule, will containing HC1, H2S、SO2、NH3Hot blast be incorporated into spray extracting tower carry out deacidification, obtain the gas after deacidification；
(11) gas after deacidification is removed after stink then through cleaner unit dedusting through deodoriser, then discharge；
(12) the little carbon block after cooling and little carbon granule being crossed segmentation rotary screen, siftage is the hydrogen toner body fuel of diameter≤5mm, and oversize is the carbon block of diameter > 5mm；
(13) adding solid chlorine sulphur-fixing agent in hydrogen toner body fuel, solid chlorine sulphur-fixing agent weight is 2% the 4% of hydrogen toner body weight of fuel, then passes through blender and stirs and through forming machine molding, obtains the molding hydrogen carbon fuel that diameter is 8mm 25mm；The carbon block of diameter > 5mm is put into dry distillation charring kiln and carries out dry distillation charring, dry distillation charring kiln temperature is 400 DEG C 600 DEG C, combustor is utilized to burn the fuel gas from the discharge of dry distillation charring kiln and obtain heat, a part of heat is used for heating dry distillation charring kiln, and another part heat is used for heating steam boiler；The carbonized material discharged from dry distillation charring kiln obtains hydrogen toner body fuel after beater disintegrating machine is pulverized, and through supercooling and forming machine molding, hydrogen toner body fuel is obtained the hydrogen carbon shaped fuel that diameter is 8mm 25mm；
(14) steam that steam boiler provides generates electricity for driving steam turbine, forms the hot blast of about 300 DEG C, be then introduced into dechlorination reaction still after the high-temperature flue gas of steam boiler discharge and cold air mixing, for the material in dechlorination and drying dechlorination reaction still；
Wherein, described solid waste is house refuse or flammable industrial refuse.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that step (3) described noncombustibles is Organic substance more than brick, tile fragment, stone, vial, kitchen；Combustible is plastics, rubber, fabric, wooden thing, papery thing.
3. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that step (4) described inorganic matter is brick, tile fragment, stone, vial.
4. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the described solid chlorine sulphur-fixing agent of step (13) is calcium oxide.
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CN105268729A (en) * 2015-11-30 2016-01-27 陈惊雷 Household refuse treatment method
CN106623350A (en) * 2016-11-04 2017-05-10 高细平 Comprehensive treatment technique for town domestic waste
TW201924792A (en) * 2017-12-01 2019-07-01 曾皇霖 Impact-type continuous softening extrusion method of waste automobile shredder residue extrudes and melts the ASR through a mold unit
CN113578939B (en) * 2021-09-18 2023-05-23 顺叱华(青岛)智能科技有限公司 Household garbage and engineering residue soil coupling recycling production line and manufacturing method thereof

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CN102430560A (en) * 2011-10-12 2012-05-02 陈小刚 Process for comprehensively treating municipal domestic wastes
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