CN1943319A - Method for cross breeding seed of wheat - Google Patents
Method for cross breeding seed of wheat Download PDFInfo
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- CN1943319A CN1943319A CNA2005101080324A CN200510108032A CN1943319A CN 1943319 A CN1943319 A CN 1943319A CN A2005101080324 A CNA2005101080324 A CN A2005101080324A CN 200510108032 A CN200510108032 A CN 200510108032A CN 1943319 A CN1943319 A CN 1943319A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the seeding technology for hybrid wheat. The method replaces the traditional seeding mode in which male and female parts being sowed in rows at different ratio, male plants have 10cm higher height than female plants ,male parts is 5-40% in the hybrid sowing. The method is suited for hybrid wheat planting in which female parts includes photosensitive male sterile system of wheat and male sterile system with mutual action of dominant genes in nucleus of wheat. The bloom period of male parts could not be earlier than female parts, male and female parts should blossom out synchronological or male parts little later blossom out, but is not later above 4 days. During finishing bloom period to mature period, get rid of male spikes in the seed field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a grow wheat producing method for seed, particularly a kind of wheat hybrid producing method for seed.This method replaces traditional father and mother's basis by the capable respectively seeding method of broadcasting of different proportion, and adopts the mode of this mixed seeding of father and mother to carry out wheat crossbreeding.
Background technology
Wheat is to distribute the widest in the world and have big heterotic first cereal crops, and various countries are all making great efforts to seek to develop its heterotic approach and method always.Because wheat is a self pollination crop, therefore, the key problem of wheat heterosis utilization is the technical system of High-efficient Production wheat hybrid, and forefathers once made huge effort for this reason, and obtained a series of important achievement and breakthrough.Comprehensive 50 years previous work, wheat heterosis utilization research mainly concentrates on: the utilization (two is method) of utilization of the utilization of nucleo-cytoplasmic interreaction male sterility (three line method), Chemical Castration Technology (changing the method for killing) and photoperiod-temperature sensitive male sterility.Studies show that of constituent parts in recent years: the wheat heterosis utilization is under " three line method " and " changing the method for killing " difficult situation, two be method hybrid wheat development rapidly and begin to move towards large tracts of land production, become the main development trend that wheat heterosis from now on utilizes technical research and application.China is being in the first place in the world aspect cultivation of wheat photoperiod-temperature sensitive male sterility system and the two-line hybrid wheat research always.
The application of hybrid wheat finally will enter large tracts of land production exactly, and its technological core at first is exactly to set up one to overlap producing hybrid wheat seed technical system efficiently, comprises the method and the measure of a series of technical managements such as reasonable ecotope, this proportioning of father and mother, this density of father and mother, florescence allotment, plant height preparation, supplementary pollination, the extermination of disease and insect pest.This a whole set of technical system finally will be generalized in the wide farmers.Therefore the operation of cross-breeding technology system is easy, and production cost is low, and profit margin is big, and the peasant just can be acceptant, and hybrid wheat just can really be come into market, come into peasant household.Yet current producing hybrid wheat seed technical system is still far from perfect, and has a lot of urgent problems, wherein just comprises the problem of production of hybrid seeds father, maternal seeding method.At present, technical research unit all adopt the father, maternal by different proportion respectively the form broadcast of row sow male parent: maternal ratio is according to different adopted 2: 7,2: 8,2: 10 etc. with working condition of hybrid combination more, i.e. 2 row male parents, 7,8 or 10 row are maternal.Therefore, this form the sowing with results between the existence very big contradiction---the mechanically actuated difficulty is big: the purity that guarantee seed, father, female parent must be gathered in the crops respectively, there are not disposable harvesting male parent of corresponding machine and female parent in the time of can gathering in the crops, can only be with using the machine harvest female parent after the artificial male parent of receipts earlier, or gather in male parent and female parent respectively successively with two machines, thereby harvesting expense, harvest time are double; If list strengthens the male parent width for gathering in the crops conveniently, and is inadvisable so especially, because so can reduce maternal unit are, hybrid seed yield is affected.How to take more rational seeding method, the contradiction when avoiding the production of hybrid seeds between sowing and the results is imperative.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of improved wheat hybrid producing method for seed.This method replaces traditional father and mother's basis by the capable respectively seeding method of broadcasting of different proportion, and adopts the mode of this mixed seeding of father and mother to carry out wheat crossbreeding; It is easy and simple to handle, can reduce production costs, improve the wheat seed production efficiency.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Wheat hybrid producing method for seed of the present invention is used for the male parent and the mixed seeding simultaneously of maternal quilt of hybrid seeding, and the mixed seeding mode comprises drilling, bunch planting or broadcasts sowing.This method is applicable to that with wheat photoperiod-temperature sensitive male sterility system or the male sterile of wheat nucleo_cytoplasmic interaction be maternal wheat hybrid production; Require the wheat crossbreeding paternal plant than more than the high 10cm of maternal plant, male parent is no earlier than maternal flowering stage in flowering stage, to bloom synchronously or slightly to be advisable evening, is no more than 4 days the latest; Male parent accounts for the 5-40% of this gross weight of father and mother in mixed seeding; Finish to utilize instruments such as mower, scissors between the maturing stage in flowering stage, remove seed farm male parent fringe, female parent gathers in maternal fringe when ripe.
Those of ordinary skills can the method according to this invention and in conjunction with routine techniques, according to producing and the needs of experiment carry out the production of hybrid seeds of wheat hybrid.
The method according to this invention can use conventional method to calculate every mu seeding quantity, every mu of seeding quantity=plan mu basic seedling amount (ten thousand) * thousand kernel weight (gram)/germination rate (%) * 0.01
For example, can adopt method of the present invention to carry out producing hybrid wheat seed according to following steps:
1, selects the hybrid seeding combination: select the strong father and mother of combination advantage originally, the father and mother that adopted in the method according to this invention originally can be by seed selection unit's unified original seed that provides after selfing is purified, this original seed is directly breeding or produces and reach the original seed quality standard by the original seed production technology regulation that the plant height that requires male parent simultaneously is than more than the maternal high 10cm;
2, select production of hybrid seeds ground: be selected in generally the production of hybrid seeds that physical features is smooth, one-tenths side in flakes, ventilation faces south, middle fertility, no soil-borne disease, and preceding batch is the field of early-maturing crops such as corn, sesame;
3, determine seeding quantity: male parent accounts for the 5-40% of this gross weight of father and mother in mixed seeding;
4, the wheat crossbreeding paternal plant is than more than the high 10cm of maternal plant;
5, rogueing: between heading stage to early flowering season, remove the special-shaped strain that is different from father, female parent.
6, artificial supplementary pollination: the flowers are in blossom male parent beginning beginning to whole bow structure bundle, be responsible for manually catching up with powder by the special messenger with rope, bamboo pole or power driven sprayer at every morning 9～11 points, afternoon 3～5;
7, remove male parent: after the male parent florescence finishes, below above male parent fringe portion of maternal fringe portion, the male parent fringe is all removed, checked after finishing with the wushu mower.
8, field management: get final product by the management of common producing hybrid wheat seed field;
9, results: the maternal fringe of the unified results of the grain header after bringing down stocks.
Existing producing method for seed generally is by catching up with powder to finish pollination, still, when the wind direction of hybridizing period is consistent with the trend of going, moving towards to disperse the weak effect thereby wheat can not be pollinated equably, pollinate because wind-force mainly follows pollen.And the method according to this invention owing to take the mode of mixed seeding, during sowing father and mother this disperseed equably, therefore,, can both realize even pollination, thereby overcome the negative effect of unfavorable wind direction regardless of the wind direction of crossing phase.And the method according to this invention because the plant of selected male parent is higher than maternal plant, therefore, when pollination, can guarantees that by manually catching up with powder the pollen of male parent falls to female parent, thereby improve pollination efficiency, improves the pollination effect.
Further, the method for prior art is taked the row broadcast mode in order to realize by catching up with powder to hybridize; Promptly adopt father, maternal going respectively by different proportion to broadcast male parent: maternal ratio is according to different 2: 7,2: 8 or 2: 10 etc. of adopting with working condition of hybrid combination more, i.e. 2 row male parents, and 7,8 or 10 row are maternal.But the seeding method of taking this ratio to go to broadcast is given to receive and kind is brought very big inconvenience.Therefore because the shared line number of male parent is less, can only use the machine harvest female parent after receiving male parent earlier with artificial, or gather in male parent and female parent respectively successively, thereby harvesting expense, harvest time is double with two machines.And, can not singly strengthen the male parent width again for gathering in the crops conveniently, because so can reduce maternal unit are, hybrid seed yield is affected.So the capable broadcast mode of prior art exists implacable contradiction between sowing and receipts kind.And hybrid sowing method of the present invention because paternal plant is higher than female parent, therefore, can shifts to an earlier date disposable harvesting father fringe, and then gather in female fringe, thereby has reduced widely harvesting cost, shortening harvesting time.Method of the present invention is easier to be accepted by the peasant.
The present invention has overcome owing to the production cost height that causes of contradiction between sowing that exists in the seeding method in the past of producing hybrid wheat seed and the results, complicated operation, the long shortcoming of harvest time, and a kind of easy and simple to handle, producing hybrid wheat seed new method of reducing production costs, enhancing productivity is provided.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
With " 8622 " (commercially available getting) is that male parent, " BS210 " (commercially available getting) are that the production of hybrid seeds is carried out in the combination of female parent.
These characteristics of table 1 father and mother
| Father and mother originally | Plant height (cm) | Thousand kernel weight (g) | Mu strain number (ten thousand) | Percentage of seedgermination (%) |
| 8622 | 95～100 | 36 | 3.3 | 98 |
| BS210 | 75～80 | 50 | 18.7 | 98 |
According to the proterties (table 1) of male parent (8622) and maternal (BS210), according to the basic seedling 230,000 of seed farm/mu, the basic seedling of male parent accounts for the basic seedling 15% of seed farm and calculates, and determines that this combination mu seeding quantity is 10.8kg.Wherein maternal amount is 9.54kg/ mu, and male parent is a 1.22kg/ mu, and this is fully sowed behind the mixing with father and mother by this weight ratio.
After planting carry out operational administrative according to the operating procedure in the foregoing, improved the availability of paternal pollen, and when pollination not wind-engaging to the influence that changes, hybrid seed yield has improved 6-8%, seed production purity improves 3-5 percentage point, cost is saved more than 30 yuan in every mu of ground, and realizes disposable results, airing, packing, and benefit improves more than 40 yuan/mu.
Embodiment 2
With " white jade 149 " (commercially available getting) is that male parent, " BS366 " (commercially available getting) are that the production of hybrid seeds is carried out in the combination of female parent.
These characteristics of table 2 father and mother
| Father and mother originally | Plant height (cm) | Thousand kernel weight (g) | Mu strain number (ten thousand) | Percentage of seedgermination (%) |
| White jade 149 | 95～100 | 48 | 4.4 | 98 |
| BS366 | 75～80 | 46 | 17.6 | 98 |
According to the proterties (table 2) of male parent (white jade 149) and maternal (BS366), according to the basic seedling 220,000 of seed farm/mu, the basic seedling of male parent accounts for the basic seedling 20% of seed farm and calculates, and determines that this combination mu amount of broadcasting is 10.5kg.Wherein maternal amount is 8.3kg/ mu, and male parent is a 2.2kg/ mu, and this is fully sowed behind the mixing with father and mother by this weight ratio.
After planting carry out operational administrative according to the operating procedure in the foregoing.Adopt this method, hybrid seed yield has improved about 70%, and cost is saved more than 30 yuan in every mu of ground, and realizes disposable results, airing, packing, and benefit is doubled.
Embodiment 3
Present embodiment: the basic seedling of male parent accounts for the basic seedling 5% of seed farm and calculates, determine that this combination mu seeding quantity is 10.8kg, wherein maternal amount is 10.6kg/ mu, and male parent is a 0.41kg/ mu, this is fully sowed behind mixing with father and mother by this weight ratio, carries out the production of hybrid seeds with the method identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
Present embodiment: the basic seedling of male parent accounts for the basic seedling 40% of seed farm and calculates, determine that this combination mu seeding quantity is 10.8kg, wherein maternal amount is 7.6kg/ mu, and male parent is a 3.28kg/ mu, this is fully sowed behind the mixing with father and mother by this weight ratio, carries out the production of hybrid seeds with the method identical with embodiment.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of wheat hybrid producing method for seed is characterized in that, is used for the male parent and the mixed seeding simultaneously of maternal quilt of wheat crossbreeding.
2, wheat hybrid producing method for seed as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the male parent and the maternal mixed seeding mode that are used for wheat crossbreeding are drilling, bunch planting or broadcast sowing.
3, wheat hybrid producing method for seed as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described female parent is wheat photoperiod-temperature sensitive male sterility system or wheat nucleo_cytoplasmic interaction male sterile line.
4, wheat hybrid producing method for seed as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the described plant that is used for the male parent of wheat crossbreeding is compared more than the maternal high 10cm of plant.
5, wheat hybrid producing method for seed as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, is no earlier than maternal flowering stage the described flowering stage that is used for the male parent of wheat crossbreeding.
As claim 1 or 5 described wheat hybrid producing method for seed, it is characterized in that 6, the flowering stage of the described male parent that is used for wheat crossbreeding is identical with maternal flowering stage.
As claim 1 or 5 described wheat hybrid producing method for seed, it is characterized in that 7, compare late 4 days maternal of flowering stage or be less than 4 days the described flowering stage that is used for the male parent of wheat crossbreeding.
8, wheat hybrid producing method for seed as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the described male parent that is used for wheat crossbreeding accounts for the 5-40% of this gross weight of father and mother in mixed seeding.
9, wheat hybrid producing method for seed as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, finishes flowering stage to removing the male parent fringe between the maturing stage in male parent, maternally gathers in maternal fringe when ripe.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2005101080324A CN1943319B (en) | 2005-10-09 | 2005-10-09 | Method for cross breeding seed of wheat |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2005101080324A CN1943319B (en) | 2005-10-09 | 2005-10-09 | Method for cross breeding seed of wheat |
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| CN1943319A true CN1943319A (en) | 2007-04-11 |
| CN1943319B CN1943319B (en) | 2011-11-09 |
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| CN2005101080324A Active CN1943319B (en) | 2005-10-09 | 2005-10-09 | Method for cross breeding seed of wheat |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106455510A (en) * | 2014-03-10 | 2017-02-22 | 利马格兰集团 | Hybrid cereal seed production |
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2005
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106455510A (en) * | 2014-03-10 | 2017-02-22 | 利马格兰集团 | Hybrid cereal seed production |
| EP3116302B1 (en) | 2014-03-10 | 2020-06-03 | Limagrain Europe | Hybrid cereal seed production |
| AU2015228940B2 (en) * | 2014-03-10 | 2021-07-22 | Limagrain Europe | Hybrid cereal seed production |
| US11737404B2 (en) | 2014-03-10 | 2023-08-29 | Limagrain Europe | Hybrid cereal seed production |
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| CN1943319B (en) | 2011-11-09 |
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Owner name: CHINA NATIONAL SEED HYBRID WHEAT SEED (BEIJING) CO Free format text: FORMER OWNER: BEIJING CROSS BREEDING WHEAT ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH CENTER Effective date: 20120524 |
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Free format text: CORRECT: ADDRESS; FROM: 100089 HAIDIAN, BEIJING TO: 100195 HAIDIAN, BEIJING |
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Effective date of registration: 20120524 Address after: 100195 Beijing city Haidian District minzhuang Road No. 3, Tsinghua Science Park building 106 room 7 Yuquan Huigu Patentee after: CHINASEEDS HYBRID WHEAT SEED INDUSTRY (BEIJING) CO.,LTD. Address before: 100089 hybridization wheat Center, Haidian District Academy of agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Patentee before: Beijing Engineering and Technique Research Center for Hybrid Wheat |
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Effective date of registration: 20221028 Address after: Room 3610, Floor 6, Building 3, Yabulun Industrial Park, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya City, Hainan Province, 573024 Patentee after: CHINA NATIONAL SEED GROUP Corp.,Ltd. Address before: Room 106, Building 7, Yuquanhuigu, Tsinghua Science Park, No. 3, Minzhuang Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100195 Patentee before: CHINASEEDS HYBRID WHEAT SEED INDUSTRY (BEIJING) CO.,LTD. |