CN111937524B

CN111937524B - Method for increasing grain number per ear and thousand seed weight of early-sowed wheat

Info

Publication number: CN111937524B
Application number: CN202010723745.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 余徐润; 臧勇; 姚慧慧; 熊飞
Original assignee: Yangzhou University
Current assignee: Yangzhou University
Priority date: 2020-07-24
Filing date: 2020-07-24
Publication date: 2022-09-20
Anticipated expiration: 2040-07-24
Also published as: CN111937524A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving grain number of ears and thousand kernel weight of early-sown wheat, which comprises the steps of sowing wheat in a field, regularly stripping young ears every 3 days after the wheat is in a 5-leaf stage, observing the development condition of the young ears, spraying 10 mg/L6-BA (6-benzylaminopurine) solution on wheat seedlings when the young ears of the wheat are clearly determined to be in a glume protection to small flower primordium differentiation stage, continuously spraying the 6-BA solution of 0mg/L for 3 days, harvesting the wheat ears in a mature stage, inspecting agronomic indexes including ear length, ear width, ear number, thousand kernel weight and the like, and finally analyzing the yield increase effect of the 6-BA spraying on the early-sown wheat. The result shows that the 6-BA solution is sprayed, the ear grain number and thousand grain weight index of the early sowing wheat can be effectively improved, and the yield increasing potential of the early sowing wheat is fully developed under the condition that the effective tiller number is unchanged.

Description

Method for increasing grain number per ear and thousand seed weight of early-sowed wheat

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of biology and agriculture, and particularly relates to a method for improving the grain number and thousand seed weight of early sowing wheat ears.

Background

Wheat is an important food crop and is widely planted around the world, and nearly 40% of people in the world use wheat as staple food. Therefore, the improvement of the wheat yield has important practical significance for guaranteeing global food supply and food safety. The yield of the wheat is closely related to the development condition of the wheat ear, the ear number per mu, the grain number per ear and the thousand kernel weight are three factors forming the yield of the wheat, and when the ear number per mu is determined, the increase of the ear number per mu and the thousand kernel weight can effectively promote the yield increase of the wheat.

The method for improving the wheat yield in the agricultural production mainly comprises the breeding of high-yield varieties, reasonable fertilizer and water operation, scientific cultivation measures and the like. Wherein, the final yield of wheat can be directly influenced by stage sowing, the sowing can be divided into early sowing and late sowing, the early sowing can promote the formation of effective tillering, increase the spike number per mu, but reduce the cold resistance of plants, so that the seed development is influenced; late sowing can improve the cold resistance of wheat, but can reduce the effective tiller number and the ear number per mu. Because the early sowing wheat has more effective tillering number and great yield-increasing potential, the grain number per ear and the thousand kernel weight are improved on the basis of unchanged tillering number, so that the yield of the early sowing wheat can be effectively improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for improving the grain number of early-sowed wheat ears and the thousand seed weight.

The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a method for increasing the grain number per ear and the thousand grain weight of early-sowed wheat comprises the following steps:

(1) sowing wheat in a field;

(2) stripping the young ears of the wheat, and observing and identifying the development condition of the young ears of the wheat;

(3) when the young spikes of the wheat are in the period from the glume protection to the primordium differentiation of the florets, dividing the young spikes of the wheat into two groups, wherein one group is used as a blank control group, the other group is sprayed with a 6-BA (6-benzylaminopurine) solution with a certain concentration, and continuously spraying for 3 days;

(4) harvesting wheat ears in a mature period, and inspecting agronomic character indexes of the two groups of wheat ears;

(5) and analyzing the yield increasing effect of spraying the 6-BA solution on the early sowing wheat.

Preferably, in the step (2), stripping the young ears of the wheat regularly every 3 days after the wheat is in the 5-leaf stage,

and observing the development condition.

Preferably, in the step (3), another group is sprayed with 10mg/L of 6-BA solution.

Preferably, in the step (4), the agronomic trait indexes include spike length, spike width, spike grain number and thousand grain weight.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

(1) the whole implementation process is simple to operate, the identification of the young ear differentiation period can be completed in the field, and the advantage of more tillering of early-sowed wheat can be fully exploited.

(2) Compared with spraying in the flowering period, the 6-BA solution is sprayed in the differentiation period from the glume protection to the floret primordium of the wheat young ears, so that the use amount of the 6-BA solution in production is greatly reduced, the medication cost is reduced, and the spraying efficiency is improved.

(3) The 6-BA solution is sprayed, so that the increase of the grain number per spike and the thousand grain weight of the early-sowed wheat is remarkably promoted, the effect is more obvious compared with the conventional cultivation measures, and the method has a huge application prospect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow process diagram of the method for increasing the number of grains and the thousand-grain weight of the early sowing wheat ears.

FIG. 2 shows the wheat young ear morphology at the glume-protecting differentiation stage and the floret primordium differentiation stage in the examples.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of the morphology of wheat ears and seeds before and after 6-BA spraying.

Detailed Description

The invention is further elucidated with reference to the figures and embodiments.

With reference to fig. 1, the method for improving the number of grains per ear and the thousand-grain weight of early-sown wheat of the invention comprises the steps of sowing wheat in a field (or sowing in a staged manner), regularly stripping young ears every 3 days after the wheat is in a 5-leaf stage, observing the development condition of the young ears, spraying 10mg/L of 6-BA solution on wheat seedlings when the young ears are definitely in a glume protection to floret primordium differentiation stage, continuously spraying the 6-BA solution of 0mg/L for 3 days, harvesting the wheat ears in a maturation stage, and inspecting agronomic character indexes including ear length, ear width, the number of grains per ear, the thousand-grain weight and the like. And finally, analyzing the yield increasing effect of 6-BA spraying on the early sowing wheat. The result shows that the 6-BA solution is sprayed, the ear grain number and thousand grain weight index of the early sowing wheat can be effectively improved, and the yield increasing potential of the early sowing wheat is fully developed under the condition that the effective tiller number is unchanged.

The specific implementation of the method is illustrated below by taking a high-yield and high-quality weak gluten wheat variety Yangmai 15 (seeds provided by agricultural departments in the lower river of Riidzumi).

(1) Setting the sowing time. The method is implemented in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river and is provided with four seeding periods, the seeding time is respectively 2019, 10 and 20 days, 11 and 5 days, 11 and 20 days and 12 and 5 days, and the seeding density is 15 ten thousand seedlings per mu.

(2) And identifying the differentiation period of the young panicles. Stripping the young ears of the main tillering wheat periodically after the 5-leaf period of the wheat, and identifying the differentiation period of the young ears. Comparing with FIG. 2, wherein, A, the glume protecting primordium on the lateral spikelet can be observed in the glume protecting differentiation stage wheat young spike; and B, observing the florigen on the lateral florigen of the wheat young ear in the florigen differentiation period. When the young ears of wheat can be observed between the period of protecting the glume and the period of small flower primordium (if the step is continuously repeated when the young ears of wheat do not reach the period), the 6-BA solution can be prepared.

(3) Preparing and spraying 6-BA solution. 10mg/L of 6-BA solution is prepared (10 mg of 6-BA powder is weighed and dissolved by using 1% dilute hydrochloric acid solution, and then the volume is determined to be 1L by using distilled water). The whole early-sown (10 months and 20 days) wheat plants of the treatment group were sprayed with a sprayer after 16:00 pm at a spraying amount of 25000 mL/acre for 3 days continuously, while the control group was sprayed with 0mg/L of 6-BA solution (i.e., the 6-BA solution was not sprayed as a blank control group).

(4) And harvesting the whole wheat ears in the mature period of the wheat, testing seeds, and counting the agronomic performance indexes such as ear length, ear width, side small ear number, ear grain weight, thousand grain weight and the like.

(5) And analyzing the spraying effect of the 6-BA solution. Through data statistical analysis, the spraying of the 6-BA solution can not change the effective tiller number, the spike length, the awn length and the small spike number, and can not influence the form of the spike, refer to fig. 3, wherein, A in fig. 3, the spike is sprayed with 0 mg/L6-BA; b, spraying 10 mg/L6-BA; c, spraying seeds and 0 mg/L6-BA; d, spraying seeds and 10 mg/L6-BA. But can significantly increase the indexes of ear width, ear number, ear weight and thousand seed weight, and the like, and lengthen the seeds (figure 3), wherein the improvement range of the ear weight and the thousand seed weight reaches 22.78 percent and 23.73 percent, and the values are close to the level of late-sowing wheat, and the results are shown in tables 1 and 2.

And (3) carrying out statistics on the agronomic character indexes of the wheat before and after spraying of the 6-BA solution in different sowing periods in the tables 1 and 2. The number of samples n is 20; the different lower case letters (a, b, c) in the same column in the table indicate that there is a significant difference between the data at a level of p <0.05 (LSD method).

TABLE 1

TABLE 2

In a word, the method carries out early sowing on wheat, and sprays 10 mg/L6-BA solution at the early development stage (from glume protection to floret primordium differentiation stage) of wheat young ears, so that the advantage of more tillers in early sowing can be fully utilized, and the ear grain number and thousand seed weight can be obviously improved.

Claims

1. A method for improving the grain number of early-sowed wheat ears and thousand grain weight is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) sowing wheat in a field;

(3) when the young spikes of the wheat are in the period from the glume protection to the small flower primordium differentiation, dividing the young spikes of the wheat into two groups, wherein one group is used as a blank control group, the other group is sprayed with a 6-BA solution with a certain concentration, and the solution is continuously sprayed for 3 days;

(5) analyzing the yield increasing effect of spraying the 6-BA solution on the early sowing wheat;

in the step (2), stripping off the young ears of the wheat regularly every 3 days after the wheat is in the 5-leaf stage, and observing the development condition of the young ears of the wheat;

in the step (3), spraying 10 mg/L6-BA solution on the other group;

in the step (4), the agronomic character indexes comprise ear length, ear width, ear number and thousand kernel weight.