CN111937524B - A kind of method for improving the number of grains per ear and 1000-grain weight of early sowing wheat - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving grain number of ears and thousand kernel weight of early-sown wheat, which comprises the steps of sowing wheat in a field, regularly stripping young ears every 3 days after the wheat is in a 5-leaf stage, observing the development condition of the young ears, spraying 10 mg/L6-BA (6-benzylaminopurine) solution on wheat seedlings when the young ears of the wheat are clearly determined to be in a glume protection to small flower primordium differentiation stage, continuously spraying the 6-BA solution of 0mg/L for 3 days, harvesting the wheat ears in a mature stage, inspecting agronomic indexes including ear length, ear width, ear number, thousand kernel weight and the like, and finally analyzing the yield increase effect of the 6-BA spraying on the early-sown wheat. The result shows that the 6-BA solution is sprayed, the ear grain number and thousand grain weight index of the early sowing wheat can be effectively improved, and the yield increasing potential of the early sowing wheat is fully developed under the condition that the effective tiller number is unchanged.

Description

A kind of method for improving the number of grains per ear and thousand-grain weight of early sowing wheat

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical fields of biology and agronomy, and in particular relates to a method for improving the number of grains per ear and the weight of thousand grains of early-sown wheat.

Background technique

Wheat is an important food crop that is widely grown around the world, and nearly 40% of the world's population depends on wheat as the staple food. Therefore, increasing wheat production has important practical significance for ensuring global food supply and food security. The yield of wheat is closely related to the development of wheat ears. The number of ears per mu, the number of grains per ear and the weight of 1,000-grain are the three factors that constitute the yield of wheat. When the number of ears per mu is determined, increasing the number of grains per ear and the weight of 1,000-grain will effectively increase the yield of wheat.

At present, the methods of increasing wheat yield in agricultural production are mainly the selection and breeding of high-yielding varieties, reasonable fertilizer and water management, and scientific cultivation measures. Among them, staged sowing will directly affect the final yield of wheat. It can be divided into early sowing and late sowing. Early sowing can promote the formation of effective tillers and increase the number of ears per mu, but it will reduce the cold tolerance of the plant and affect the development of seeds. Sowing can improve the cold resistance of wheat, but it will reduce the number of effective tillers and the number of ears per mu. Due to the large number of effective tillers of early-sown wheat and the great potential for increasing yield, increasing the number of grains per ear and 1000-grain weight on the basis of the same tiller number will effectively increase the yield of early-sown wheat.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method for improving the number of grains per ear and the weight of thousand grains of early sowing wheat.

The technical scheme for realizing the object of the present invention is: a method for improving the number of grains per ear and the weight of 1,000 grains of early-sown wheat, comprising the following steps:

(1) Sowing wheat in the field;

(2) peel off the young ears of wheat, observe and identify its developmental status;

(3) When the young wheat panicle was in the differentiation stage from the protection of the young to the floret primordia, the wheat seedlings were divided into two groups, one of which was used as a blank control group, and the other group was sprayed with a certain concentration of 6-BA (6-benzylamino purine) solution, sprayed continuously for 3 days;

(4) harvesting wheat ears at the maturity stage, and investigating the agronomic character indexes of two groups of wheat ears;

(5) The effect of spraying 6-BA solution on the yield increase of early-sown wheat was analyzed.

Preferably, in step (2), after the wheat is in the 5-leaf stage, the young ears of wheat are regularly peeled off every 3 days,

and observe its development.

Preferably, in step (3), another group is sprayed with 10 mg/L 6-BA solution.

Preferably, in step (4), the agronomic trait indicators include ear length, ear width, number of grains per ear, and thousand-grain weight.

Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

(1) The entire implementation process is simple, and the identification of the differentiation period of young panicles can be completed in the field, which can fully exploit the advantages of early-sown wheat with more tillers.

(2) Compared with spraying at flowering stage, spraying 6-BA solution in the differentiation stage of wheat young panicle from germination to floret primordia greatly reduces the amount of 6-BA solution used in production, reduces the cost of medication, and improves the spraying efficiency.

(3) Spraying 6-BA solution significantly promoted the increase of grain number per ear and 1000-grain weight of early-sown wheat, which was more effective than conventional cultivation measures, and had a huge application prospect.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic flow chart of the method for improving the number of grains per ear and the thousand-grain weight of early-sown wheat according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 shows the morphology of young wheat panicles at the differentiation stage of glaucoma and the differentiation stage of floret primordia in the Example.

Figure 3 shows the morphology of wheat ears and seeds before and after 6-BA spraying.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

In conjunction with Fig. 1, the present invention a kind of method that improves the number of grains per ear of early-sown wheat and the weight of thousand grains, by sowing wheat in the field (also can take stage mode to sow), after the wheat is in the 5-leaf stage, the young ears are peeled off regularly every 3 days and To observe its developmental status, when it is clear that the young wheat panicle is in the differentiation stage of protecting the glume to the floret primordia, 10 mg/L 6-BA solution is sprayed on the wheat seedlings, and the 0 mg/L 6-BA solution is used as the control, and sprayed continuously for 3 times. Days, the wheat ears were harvested at the mature stage, and agronomic indicators were investigated, including ear length, ear width, number of grains per ear, thousand-grain weight, etc. Finally, the effect of 6-BA spraying on the yield increase of early sowing wheat was analyzed. The results showed that spraying 6-BA solution could effectively improve the grain number per ear and thousand-grain weight of early-sown wheat, and fully tap the yield-increasing potential of early-sown wheat under the condition of the same effective tiller number.

The following takes the high-yield, high-quality weak-gluten wheat variety "Yangmai 15" (seeds provided by the Agricultural Science Institute of Lixiahe District, Jiangsu) as an example to illustrate the specific implementation of this method.

(1) Set the sowing period. When this method was implemented in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, four sowing periods were set, on October 20, November 5, November 20 and December 5, 2019, respectively, with a seeding density of 150,000 seedlings/mu.

(2) Identify the differentiation period of young panicle. After the 5-leaf stage of wheat, the young ears of the main tiller wheat were peeled off regularly to identify the differentiation period of the young ears. Contrast with Figure 2, in which, A, young wheat panicle in the differentiation stage of protecting glume, can observe the primordia on the lateral spikelet; B, young wheat panicle in the differentiation stage of floret primordia, the floret on the lateral spikelet can be observed base. When it can be observed that the young wheat ear is between the time of protecting the glume and the primordia of the floret (for example, this step is continued when the young wheat ear has not reached this stage), the 6-BA solution can be prepared.

(3) Configure and spray 6-BA solution. Prepare 10 mg/L 6-BA solution (weigh 10 mg of 6-BA powder, dissolve with 1% dilute hydrochloric acid solution, and then dilute to 1 L with distilled water). After 16:00 in the afternoon, the whole wheat plant of the early-sowing (October 20) treatment group was sprayed with a sprayer at a spray rate of 25,000 mL/mu for 3 consecutive days, while the control group was sprayed with 0 mg/L of 6- BA solution (that is, without spraying 6-BA solution as blank control group).

(4) Harvest the whole ear of wheat at the mature stage of wheat, conduct plant testing, and count the agronomic indicators such as ear length, ear width, number of side spikelets, number of grains per ear, grain weight per ear and thousand-grain weight.

(5) Analysis of spraying effect of 6-BA solution. After statistical analysis of the data, 6-BA solution spraying could not change the effective tiller number, ear length, awn length and number of spikelets, nor did it affect the shape of the ear. L 6-BA spray; B, ear, 10mg/L 6-BA spray; C, seed, 0mg/L 6-BA spray; D, seed, 10mg/L 6-BA spray. However, it can significantly increase indicators such as ear width, number of grains per ear, grain weight per ear and 1000-grain weight, and make the seeds longer (Figure 3). level of wheat, the results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

Table 1 and Table 2 statistics of wheat agronomic characters at different sowing dates and before and after 6-BA solution spraying. Number of samples n=20; different lowercase letters (a, b, c) in the same column in the table indicate significant differences at p<0.05 level (LSD method).

Table 1

Table 2

In a word, this method is used to sow wheat early, and spray 10 mg/L of 6-BA solution in the early stage of wheat ear development (from protection to floret primordia), which can not only make full use of the advantages of early sowing and more tillers, but also And it can significantly increase the number of grains per ear and thousand-grain weight.

Claims (1)

1. A method for improving the grain number of early-sowed wheat ears and thousand grain weight is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) sowing wheat in a field;

(2) stripping the young ears of the wheat, and observing and identifying the development condition of the young ears of the wheat;

(3) when the young spikes of the wheat are in the period from the glume protection to the small flower primordium differentiation, dividing the young spikes of the wheat into two groups, wherein one group is used as a blank control group, the other group is sprayed with a 6-BA solution with a certain concentration, and the solution is continuously sprayed for 3 days;

(4) harvesting wheat ears in a mature period, and inspecting agronomic character indexes of the two groups of wheat ears;

(5) analyzing the yield increasing effect of spraying the 6-BA solution on the early sowing wheat;

in the step (2), stripping off the young ears of the wheat regularly every 3 days after the wheat is in the 5-leaf stage, and observing the development condition of the young ears of the wheat;

in the step (3), spraying 10 mg/L6-BA solution on the other group;

in the step (4), the agronomic character indexes comprise ear length, ear width, ear number and thousand kernel weight.

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