CN1940359A - 阀及其制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种阀,该阀是通过将球部(12)压靠座部(14)以阻挡流体流动来关闭并通过使球部(12)与座部(14)分离以允许流体流动来打开的。所述阀包括由非磁性金属制成的球形基体(40)、通过应用渗碳氮化工艺至所述基体材料(40)在所述基体材料(40)的表面部分处形成的中间层(42)、和形成在所述中间层(42)上并由类钻石碳(DLC)制成的薄的最外层(44)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种阀及其制造方法,通过将球部压靠座部封闭该阀以阻挡流体流动,并通过使球部与座部分离以允许流体流动。
背景技术
在具有止回阀的液压自动张紧装置中,使用类钻石碳(DLC)涂覆等方法在止回阀的止回球的表面上形成层(例如参考日本专利申请公开No.JP-A-2003-207001)。该层减小了止回球和环形球座之间的粘着磨损。此外,还存在这样的技术,其中DLC涂层应用到液压活塞泵用马达的滑动构件的滑动表面(例如参考日本专利申请公开No.JP-A-2002-31040)。根据另一种技术,阀体包括由碳氮共渗金属等制成并形成在由陶瓷(例如氧化铝)制成的基体上的中间层,并且由硬碳层和硅层组成的多层设置在中间层的表面上以覆盖中间层(例如参考日本专利申请No.JP-A-2001-235042)。此外在电磁阀中,阀体和阀座由经过一定处理以增大其硬度的的非磁性材料形成(例如参考日本专利申请公开No.JP-A-2001-263526)
在包含球部和座部的阀中,当球部压靠座部以阻挡流体流动时,球部与座部线接触,因此,高接触应力作用在接触部分上。此外,在阀被打开和关闭时,球部在座部上滑动或与座部碰撞。因此,如果阀被反复地打开和关闭,会磨损球部和座部。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种阀及其制造方法,所述阀能够通过减小球部和座部的磨损来延长阀的寿命。
本发明的第一方面涉及一种阀,其是通过将球部压靠座部以阻挡流体流动来关闭并通过使球部与座部分离以允许流体流动来打开的。所述球部包括球形基体;形成在所述基体的表面部分上或所述基体的表面部分处的中间层;和设置在所述中间层上的薄的最外层,并且当所述阀被关闭时,所述球部接触所述座部。与所述薄的最外层相比,所述中间层具有粘附至所述基体材料的更高的粘附性,并且所述薄的最外层形成为具有低于所述中间层的滑动阻抗的薄层。
根据本发明的此方面,球部的当阀被关闭时与座部压力接触的最外层被形成为具有低于所述中间层的滑动阻抗的薄层。因此,球部的最外层具有更好的滑动性质,因此可以减小球部和座部的磨损。此外,与最外层相比,中间层具有至基体材料的更高的粘附性。因此,即使最外层被磨损或剥落,中间层与座部接触,因此可以保持充分的耐磨损性。由此,可以延长阀的寿命。
本发明的第二方面涉及一种阀,其是通过将球部压靠座部以阻挡流体流动来关闭并通过使球部与座部分离以允许流体流动来打开的。球部包括由非磁性金属制成的球形基体;通过应用渗碳氮化工艺至所述基体在所述基体的表面部分处形成的中间层;和设置在所述中间层上并包含类钻石碳(DLC)的薄的最外层。
根据此方面,球部的当阀被关闭时与座部压力接触的最外层由DLC制成。因为由DLC制成的最外层具有比中间层和基体材料更好的滑动性质,所以可以减小球部和座部的磨损。由DLC制成的最外层设置在中间层上,中间层是通过应用渗碳氮化工艺至由非磁性材料制成的基体材料而形成的。中间层具有至基体材料的良好粘附性,并比基体材料硬。因此,即使由DLC制成的最外层被磨损或剥落,硬的中间层与座部接触,由此可以保持充足的耐磨损性。由此,可以延长阀的寿命。
渗碳氮化工艺可以是扩散渗氮工艺或气相渗碳氮化工艺。
在这种情况下,所述最外层的厚度可以薄于所述中间层的厚度。如果所述最外层的厚度被制成较薄,可以减少最外层的剥落,并且因此可以延长阀的寿命。
所述中间层和所述最外层中的每个的厚度被确定为使得在所述球部的深度方向上观察时,在所述阀被关闭时施加到所述球部的接触应力的分布中,最大的接触应力施加到所述中间层的内部。以此方式,在所述球部的深度方向上观察时,接触应力在其分布上的峰值可以施加到中间层的内部,其中中间层具有至基体材料的较高粘附性。因此,施加到最外层的内部的接触应力变得相对较小,减小了最外层的内部被损坏的可能性,并且由此减小了可以由这些损坏所引起的最外层剥落的可能性。
所述座部可以包括座基体和形成在所述座基体的表面上的固体润滑层。当阀处于正常使用状态下时,由流体(例如工作油)形成的润滑膜形成在球部和座部之间。但是,润滑膜可以被诸如气泡的发生、自激振动等一些原因破坏。因此,通过如上所述在基座材料的表面上形成固体润滑层,可以防止在球部和座部之间发生卡住等,即使润滑层被破坏。
可以对中间层进行这样的处理,该处理用于去除由于渗碳氮化工艺而在所述中间层的表面上附随产生的复合物。在进行这种处理的过程中,可以防止设置在中间层表面上的最外层与通过渗碳氮化工艺附随产生的复合物一起剥落。因此,可以提高最外层和中间层之间的粘附性。
本发明的第五方面涉及一种制造阀的方法,该阀是通过将球部压靠座部以阻挡流体流动来关闭并通过使球部与座部分离以允许流体流动来打开的。所述制造方法包括步骤:用非磁性金属形成所述球部的基体;通过应用渗碳氮化工艺至所述基体的表面部分形成中间层;并且在所述中间层的表面上形成DLC层。
此外,可以在所述渗碳氮化工艺之后进行去除由于所述扩散渗氮工艺而在所述中间层的表面上附随产生的复合物的处理。
根据本发明,可以延长包含球部和座部的阀的寿命。
附图说明
参考附图,本发明的前述和其它目的、特征和优点将从优选实施例的以下描述中变得更加清晰,其中类似的标号用于表示类似的元件,其中:
图1是示意性地示出根据本发明实施例的电磁阀的横截面的剖视图;
图2是示意性地示出当根据本实施例的电磁阀被打开和关闭时球部的运动的视图;
图3是示出根据本实施例的球部的表面部分的结构的剖视图;
图4是示出施加到根据本实施例的球部的表面部分上的接触应力在球部的深度方向上的分布的曲线图;和
图5是示出根据本实施例的座部的横截面的剖视图。
具体实施方式
以下将参考附图详细描述实现本发明的最好方式。
图1是示意性地示出根据本发明实施例的电磁阀10的横截面的剖视图。根据本实施例的电磁阀10例如用在制动控制系统中,该制动控制系统控制施加到车辆车轮的制动力,以控制供应到用于在车辆中施加制动力的轮缸的工作流体的液压。
电磁阀10包括球部12和座部14。球部12形成为球形,且其直径在实施例中例如被设定为大约数毫米。球部12固定并支撑在轴部18的一端处,以与形成在座部12中心处的进入端口16相对。在进入端口16中,设置用于去除包含在流入到进入端口16中的流体中的杂质的过滤器(未示出)。
轴部18包括球支撑部22和轴24。球支撑部22固定在轴24的一端处,并从轴24突出到电磁阀10的内部空间20中。球部12固定在球支撑部22的一端处。处于压缩状态的弹簧34设置在球支撑部22和座部14之间。弹簧34通过弹簧力在远离座部14的方向上推动球部12。就是说,在如图1所示的电磁阀10中,当没有电流施加到螺线管30时球部12与座部14分离。因此,电磁阀10是常开阀。
柱塞26固定在轴24的另一端处。换言之,柱塞26通过轴24固定且同心地连接至球部12。在柱塞26的外周,设置衬套28以围绕柱塞26,并且上述的螺线管30布置在衬套28周围。衬套28通过固定构件32连接至座部14。轴24延伸穿过形成在固定构件32的中心处的孔,并且在固定构件32的侧面上形成使内部空间20通过其与外部连通的出口部分36。
当电流供应至螺线管30时,电磁驱动力作用在使柱塞26朝向固定构件32移动的方向上,就是说,电磁驱动力使球部12朝向座部14移动。然后,球部12与座部14压力接触,以封闭阀,由此中断了从进入端口16流到排出端口36的流体。另一方面,当电流没有供应至螺线管30时,球部12通过弹簧34的推动力与座部14分离,因此,电磁阀10被打开,允许流体从进入端口16流至排出端口36。电磁阀10以此方式打开和关闭。此外,还可以通过调节供应至螺线管30的电流调节电磁阀10的开度,即球部12和座部14之间的间隙。
在实施例中,如上所述,使用电磁阀10,通过在电流供应至螺线管30时产生的电磁驱动力来控制电磁阀10的打开和关闭。但是,如果能通过使球部12压靠座部14以阻挡流体流动来关闭阀并通过将球部12与座部14分离以允许流体流过来打开阀,本发明也可以应用到使用除电磁驱动力以外的驱动力的阀。例如,本发明可以应用到这样的阀,其通过将来自电动机的旋转运动输出转换成球部12的往复运动来控制阀的打开和关闭。
图2是示意性地示出通过打开和关闭电磁阀10所引起的球部12的运动的视图。在图2中,当电磁阀10被关闭时球部12的位置由实线示出,而当电磁阀10被打开时球部12的位置由虚线示出。应当注意轴部18的球支撑部分22、弹簧34等为了简化视图的目的没有示出。
当停止供应至螺线管30的电流并且球部12与座部14分离时,球部12在远离进入端口16和排出端口36的方向上移动,如图2中的箭头B所示。这是因为内部空间20中的流体从进入端口16流到排出端口36,如图2中的虚线箭头F所示。因此,球部12和座部14在滑动摩擦部分38处彼此滑动或碰撞。滑动摩擦部分38形成在座部14的这样的部分处,该部分在跨过入口部分16与定位出口部分36的位置相对的侧上并在密封位置的附近,在该密封位置处球部12被推靠并接触座部14使得流体流动被阻挡。球部12放置为与座部14线接触,并在球部12的线接触部分上产生高接触应力。因此,存在当电磁阀10被打开和关闭时球部12在滑动摩擦部分38上滑动或与滑动摩擦部分38碰撞从而使得球部12很快被磨损的问题。
考虑到以上问题,在本实施例中,球部12的外部形成为如图3所示的分层结构。图3是示出根据本实施例的球部12的表面部分结构的剖视图。
球部12包括球形基体40、形成在基体材料40上的中间层42、和形成在中间层42上的最外层44。基体材料40由非磁性金属(例如不锈钢)制成。为了防止球部12在电流供应至螺线管30时吸引包含在流体中的细小杂质(例如铁粉),基体材料40可以由非磁性材料制成。此外,为了减小基体材料40被损坏(例如破裂)的可能性,基体材料40可以由金属制成。
在本实施例中,中间层42是通过将扩散渗氮工艺(盐浴渗碳氮化)应用至基体材料40的表面来形成中间层42。应用到基体材料40的渗氮工艺在基体材料40上产生了与基体40具有良好渗透性的层,即中间层42。但是,应当注意气相渗碳氮化或其它渗碳氮化方法可以用于替代渗氮工艺。
中间层42具有至基体材料40的良好粘附性,并比基体材料40硬。硬度是通过维氏硬度值来估计的。粘附性是通过在球部12的表面处发生破裂时测量该时刻施加的负载来估计的。测量的负载越大,认为粘附性越高。负载的优选测量方法例如是挤压方法。在挤压方法中,球部12以预定负载压靠座部14,并且在止回球12的与阀座14接触的部分破裂时测量施加的负载。在这种情况下,每次施加到球部12的负载增大预定值时需要观测接触部分。如果在接触部分处没有发生破裂,则进一步增大负载。如果发生破裂,则此时施加的负载就被认为是估计值。
但是,应当注意球/盘方法或刮擦方法可以用于替换前述的挤压方法。在球/盘方法中,旋转具有一定表面粗糙度的盘,并且球部12压靠旋转盘。然后,每次施加到球部12的负载增大预定值时观测球部12的与盘接触的部分。当发生破裂时施加的负载就被认为是估计值。在刮擦方法中,从彼此相反且平行于放置球部12的表面的两个方向上对放置在工作台等上的球部12施加负载。然后,沿着与放置球部12的表面平行并与负载方向垂直的方向以一定的载荷刮擦球部12,并观测球部12的表面处的破裂发生。
最外层44由具有低滑动阻抗(即良好的滑动性质,例如类钻石碳(DLC))的材料形成。DLC还具有良好的耐磨损性,因此可以减小球部的磨损并可以延长电磁阀10的寿命。因此,考虑此因素,DLC是优选的材料。最外层44是通过在中间层42的表面上以诸如离子镀之类的涂覆方法涂覆DLC形成的。滑动性质例如可以通过静摩擦系数来估计。在根据本实施例的球部中,最外层44的静摩擦系数小于中间层42的静摩擦系数。可替换地,滑动性质可以基于静摩擦系数和动摩擦系数进行全面的估计,或者还可以考虑其它的因素进行估计。
由于形成中间层42的扩散渗氮工艺,在中间层42的表面上附随地产生了复合层。这种复合层可以通过进行合适的处理来去除,例如,在中间层42的表面上形成最外层44之前进行底漆(primer)处理。这使得可以防止最外层44与附随产生的复合层一起剥落,并提高最外层44和中间层42之间的粘附性。
在本实施例中,最外层44的厚度被制成比中间层42薄。中间层42的厚度例如被设置在20um至40um的范围内,而最外层44的厚度例如被设置在2um至3um的范围内。通过如上将最外层44的厚度设置得较薄,可以减少最外层的剥落。
图4是示出在球部12的深度方向上观察时球部12的外部上的接触应力分布的曲线图。如图4所示,在本实施例中,在球部的深度方向上的接触应力分布中的最大接触应力被施加到具有至基体材料40的高粘附性的中间层42的内部。Hertz等式例如可以用于在球部的深度方向上的接触应力分布中设定中间层42的内部的接触应力峰值。
如上所述,与施加到中间层42内部的接触应力相比,施加到最外层44的接触应力相对较小。这使得可以减小最外层44从中间层42剥落的可能性,即使最外层44由相对容易脱落的材料形成,例如DLC。此外,对于最外层44可以使用具有较高硬度和良好滑动性质的材料。
此外,施加到基体材料40的接触应力被设定为小于施加到中间层42的内部的接触应力。因此,可以防止损坏基体材料40,因为中间层42比基体材料40硬。
图5是示出本实施例中的座部14的横截面的剖视图。座部14包括基座材料46和形成在基座材料46的表面上的固体润滑层48。固体润滑层48例如是诸如银或石墨之类的软金属层。在本实施例中,固体润滑层48通过涂覆手段(例如离子镀)形成在基座材料46的表面上,以形成例如1um至2um的厚度。
当电磁阀10在正常状态下使用时,通过流体(例如流体)在球部12和座部14之间形成润滑膜。但是,润滑膜可以被诸如气泡的发生、自激振动等一些原因破坏。因此,如上所述通过在基座材料46的表面上形成固体润滑层48,即使润滑膜被破坏,也可以防止在球部12和座部14之间发生卡住等。此外,固体润滑层48可以设置在座部14上,而不是球部12上,以减小固体润滑层48的厚度,因为座部14上的滑动区域大于球部12上的滑动区域。此外,在座部14上具有滑动润滑层48可以最小化当座部14在组装中压力配合到电磁阀10时产生毛刺的可能性。
如上所述,在本实施例中,球部12的与座部14压力接触的最外层44由DLC形成在中间层42上,其中中间层42是通过应用扩散渗氮工艺至基体材料形成的。因此,最外层44具有比中间层42更好的滑动性质,因此减小了球部12和座部14的磨损。中间层具有至基体材料40的高粘附性和高硬度,如上所述。因此,即使当最外层44剥落或磨损时,中间层42与座部14接触,由此可以保持充分的耐磨损性。由此,可以延长阀的寿命。
此外,因为提高了球部的耐磨损性,所以可以增大作用在球部12上的接触应力。由此,可以通过减小球部12与座部14压力接触的密封部分的直径,使电磁阀10的尺寸更小。
尽管已经参考示例性的实施例描述了本发明,但是应当理解本发明不限于示例性的实施例或构造。尽管示例性实施例的各个元件以各种组合和构造示出,但是它们是示例性的,其它的组合和构造(包括更多、更少或仅单个元件)也在本发明的精神和范围内。
Claims (12)
1.一种阀,其是通过将球部(12)压靠座部(14)以阻挡流体流动来关闭并通过使所述球部(12)与所述座部(14)分离以允许流体流动来打开的,所述阀的特征在于:
所述球部(12)包括球形基体(40)、形成在所述基体(40)的表面部分上或所述基体(40)的表面部分处的中间层(42)、和设置在所述中间层(42)上的薄的最外层(44),并且当所述阀被关闭时,所述球部(12)接触所述座部(14);并且
与所述薄的最外层(44)相比,所述中间层(42)具有粘附至所述基体材料(40)的更高的粘附性,并且所述薄的最外层(44)形成为具有低于所述中间层(42)的滑动阻抗的薄层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阀,其中:
所述薄的最外层(44)的摩擦系数低于所述中间层(42)的摩擦系数。
3.根据权利要求1所述的阀,其中:
所述薄的最外层(44)的耐磨损性比所述中间层(42)的耐磨损性好。
4.一种阀,其是通过将球部(12)压靠座部(14)以阻挡流体流动来关闭并通过使所述球部(12)与所述座部(14)分离以允许流体流动来打开的,所述阀的特征在于:
所述球部(12)包括由非磁性金属制成的球形基体(40)、通过应用渗碳氮化工艺至所述基体(40)在所述基体(40)的表面部分处形成的中间层(42)、和形成在所述中间层(42)上并由类钻石碳制成的薄的最外层(44)。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的阀,其中:
所述中间层(42)是通过扩散渗氮工艺形成的。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的阀,其中:
所述薄的最外层(44)的厚度薄于所述中间层(42)的厚度。
7.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的阀,其中:
所述中间层(42)和所述薄的最外层(44)中的每个的厚度被确定为使得在所述球部(12)的深度方向上观察时,在所述阀被关闭时施加到所述球部(12)的接触应力的分布中,最大的接触应力施加到所述中间层(42)的内部。
8.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的阀,其中:
所述座部(14)包括座基体(46)和形成在所述座基体(46)的表面上的固体润滑层(48)。
9.根据权利要求5所述的阀,其中:
所述中间层(42)是通过在扩散渗氮工艺之后进行去除由于所述扩散渗氮工艺而在所述中间层(42)的表面上产生的复合物的处理而形成的层。
10.一种制造阀的方法,该阀是通过将球部(12)压靠座部(14)来阻挡流体流动并通过使所述球部(12)与所述座部(14)分离来允许流体流动的,所述方法包括:
用非磁性金属形成所述球部的基体(40);
通过应用渗碳氮化工艺至所述基体的表面部分形成中间层(42);并且
在所述中间层(42)的表面上形成类钻石碳层。
11.根据权利要求10所述的制造阀的方法,其中:
所述渗碳氮化工艺是扩散渗氮工艺。
12.根据权利要求11所述的制造阀的方法,其中:
在所述扩散渗氮工艺之后进行去除由于所述扩散渗氮工艺而在所述中间层(42)的表面上产生的复合物的处理。
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US11828370B2 (en) | 2020-01-02 | 2023-11-28 | Proserv Gilmore Valve Llc | Check valve with conforming seat |
JPWO2021215347A1 (zh) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-10-28 | ||
JPWO2022114144A1 (zh) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-06-02 |
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JPH01283430A (ja) * | 1988-05-11 | 1989-11-15 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 転動疲労寿命特性に優れた軸受 |
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CN2557761Y (zh) * | 2002-05-15 | 2003-06-25 | 侯运光 | 复合阀球 |
GB2404718B (en) * | 2003-08-05 | 2006-11-29 | E2V Tech Uk Ltd | Microfluidic components |
-
2005
- 2005-09-28 JP JP2005281199A patent/JP2007092829A/ja active Pending
-
2006
- 2006-08-29 US US11/511,353 patent/US20070069576A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-09-21 CN CNB2006101523168A patent/CN100462602C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-09-27 DE DE102006045749A patent/DE102006045749A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101581375A (zh) * | 2009-06-26 | 2009-11-18 | 昆山维萨阀门有限公司 | 金属硬密封球阀 |
CN102812245A (zh) * | 2010-06-23 | 2012-12-05 | 日立建机株式会社 | 斜轴式液压回转机 |
CN102812245B (zh) * | 2010-06-23 | 2015-10-07 | 日立建机株式会社 | 斜轴式液压回转机 |
CN105696262A (zh) * | 2013-07-11 | 2016-06-22 | 长乐市丽智产品设计有限公司 | 一种电磁阀 |
CN105696262B (zh) * | 2013-07-11 | 2020-06-05 | 长乐市丽智产品设计有限公司 | 一种射流混合器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102006045749A1 (de) | 2007-04-12 |
JP2007092829A (ja) | 2007-04-12 |
US20070069576A1 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
CN100462602C (zh) | 2009-02-18 |
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