CN1939228A - 具有预加载击发辅助机构的外科缝合器械 - Google Patents

具有预加载击发辅助机构的外科缝合器械 Download PDF

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CN1939228A
CN1939228A CNA2006101423206A CN200610142320A CN1939228A CN 1939228 A CN1939228 A CN 1939228A CN A2006101423206 A CNA2006101423206 A CN A2006101423206A CN 200610142320 A CN200610142320 A CN 200610142320A CN 1939228 A CN1939228 A CN 1939228A
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CN1939228B (zh
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弗雷德里克·E·谢尔顿四世
杰弗里·S·斯韦兹
尤金·L·蒂姆珀曼
莱斯利·M·富吉卡瓦
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00367Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
    • A61B2017/00398Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like using powered actuators, e.g. stepper motors, solenoids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B17/2909Handles
    • A61B2017/2912Handles transmission of forces to actuating rod or piston
    • A61B2017/2923Toothed members, e.g. rack and pinion
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B2017/320052Guides for cutting instruments

Abstract

一种外科切割和缝合器械,其夹紧缝钉施加组件中的组织,该缝钉施加组件包括容纳钉仓的细长通道的下钳口和枢转地相对的上部钳口(钉砧)。击发手柄驱动手柄中的齿条,该手柄连接到击发驱动杆和击发杆上,所述击发驱动杆和击发杆穿过细长轴并进入缝钉施加组件,以切割和缝合组织。在释放击发手柄时,回缩弹簧有助于缩回齿条和其他击发部件。为了有利地辅助击发,弹簧偏压的推杆在击发之前准备击发,在按压击发扳机时提供辅助。作为一种选择,对扭转螺旋弹簧棘轮机构预加载,通过齿轮作用在齿条上,以产生辅助作用。作为另一种选择,回缩弹簧被预加载并且脱离接合,直到齿条完全击发。

Description

具有预加载击发辅助机构的外科缝合器械
技术领域
本发明总的涉及外科缝合器械,其能够对组织施加缝合线,同时在所述缝合线之间切割组织,更具体地说,本发明涉及对缝合器械的改进和对形成这种缝合器械的各个部件的方法的改进。
背景技术
由于较小的凹口易于减少术后恢复时间和并发症,内窥镜和腹腔镜外科器械通常比传统的开放式手术装置更受到偏爱。腹腔镜和内窥镜外科手术已经比较受欢迎,产生了额外的动机来进一步发展这种手术。在腹腔镜手术中,通过较小的凹口在腹部内部进行手术。同样,在内窥镜手术中,通过经由开在皮肤中的小的入口插入狭窄的内窥镜管在身体的任何中空内脏中进行手术。
腹腔镜和内窥镜手术通常需要喷吹手术区域。因此,任何进入体内的器械必须是密封的,以确保气体不会通过凹口进入体内或者排出体外。而且,腹腔镜和内窥镜手术通常需要外科医生在远离凹口的器官、组织和/或脉管上操作。因此,这些手术中使用的器械通常长而窄,同时其功能可从器械的近端控制。
适于通过套管针的插管在所需手术部位精确放置远端执行器的各种内窥镜外科器械取得了显著的发展。这些远端执行器(例如,内切割器、抓钳、切割器、缝合器、夹具施放器、接触装置、药物/基因治疗输送装置和使用超声波、RF、激光等的能量装置)以各种方式接合组织,以实现诊断和治疗效果。
已知的外科缝合器包括同时在组织中形成纵向凹口和在凹口的相对两侧施加缝合线的端部执行器。该端部执行器包括一对相配合的钳口构件,如果该器械用于内窥镜或者腹腔镜检查,所述钳口构件能够通过插管通道。钳口构件中的一个收纳具有至少两排横向隔开的缝钉的钉仓。另一个钳口构件限定了钉砧,该钉砧具有与钉仓中的至少两排缝钉对齐的缝钉成型槽。该器械包括多个往复楔形件,所述往复楔形件在被向远侧驱动时,通过钉仓中的开口并且接合支撑缝钉的驱动器,朝着钉砧击发缝钉。
在美国专利申请公开US2004/0232196A1中,描述了适于内窥镜应用的外科缝合器的例子,该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文。所披露的外科缝合和切割器械使医生能够在组织上闭合钳口构件,在击发前定位组织。一旦医生确定钳口构件正确地夹持组织,则医生能够击发外科缝合器,切割和缝合组织。同时切割和缝合避免了在用不同的手术工具分别只进行切割或缝合而按顺序地进行这些操作时可能产生的并发症。另外,回缩弹簧有助于回缩击发部件,可以松开钳口,释放已缝合和切割的组织部分。
这样,尽管这些外科缝合器已经使外科手术取得显著进展,仍需要其它的特征,例如减小击发力。操作触发器需要较大的力,这对于手力有限的医生是不方便的或者困难的。一种成功的降低击发力的方法是采用多击发冲程,Swayze等人在2005年2月17日提交的名称为“具有冲程回缩自动端的多冲程机构”的美国专利申请No.11/052,632中描述这种方法,该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文。但是,在一些情况下希望保持单击发冲程的简便,或者希望在多击发冲程的每个冲程期间减小击发力。
因此,极需一种改进的外科缝合和切割器械,其有效地切割和缝合组织,而拉动击发扳机进行切割和缝合所需的力减小。
发明内容
本发明通过提供一种外科器械克服了现有技术的上述和其它缺陷,所述外科器械通过细长执行部分对击发构件进行击发来进行外科手术。通过外科医生启动击发致动器产生击发运动。可以由外科护士在外科手术的准备期间在外科器械的手柄上预加载辅助机构,来帮助外科医生。当击发构件分别沿着击发方向或回缩方向运动时,朝向击发或者回缩的预加载偏压耦合到击发构件上。
在本发明的一个方面,外科器械具有辅助机构,其近侧具有对准的随动构件,用于在手柄中的击发传动件的近侧部分的非击发位置和击发位置之间运动。偏压构件沿着选定方向在非击发位置和击发位置之间推压随动构件,在这之前通过滑梭沿相反方向运动对偏压构件预加载。接合机构释放随动构件,该随动构件通过偏压构件预加载并且接合到击发机构的近侧部分上。响应于击发机构的近侧部分沿着选定方向的运动而产生所述释放。
在本发明的另一方面,外科器械包括击发机构的近侧部分,当随动构件从击发位置向非击发位置运动时,该击发机构由接合机构的制动器保持在适当的位置,该接合机构沿着相反方向对偏压构件预加载,并将已偏压的随动构件接合到击发机构上。击发构件的击发释放了制动器,能够辅助击发。因此,即使需要高的击发力以及外科医生使击发机构运动来实现所需的击发力的力有限,也能够实现执行部分的有效击发。
在本发明的又一方面,外科器械结合有预加载的回缩辅助机构,其在击发期间脱离接合,以减小对击发的阻碍,而且该回缩辅助机构在击发之后易于接合,以通过细长执行部分使击发构件回缩。
本发明还涉及如下方面:
(1)一种外科器械,包括:
手柄;
细长执行部分;
击发机构,该击发机构包括:
远侧部分,其可在所述细长执行部分中纵向往复运动;以及
近侧部分,其装纳在手柄中,在非击发位置和击发位置之间往复运动,并且该近侧部分连接到所述远侧部分上,传送相关的纵向往复运动。
击发致动器,其可动地连接到所述手柄上并且其连接能使击发机构的近侧部分从非击发位置运动到击发位置;以及
辅助机构,该辅助机构包括:
随动构件,其装纳在手柄中,位于近侧并且对准,在所述击发机构的近侧部分的非击发位置和击发位置之间运动;
偏压构件,其能够可操作地沿着选定方向在非击发位置和击发位置之间推压随动构件,通过滑梭沿相反方向的运动对该偏压构件预加载;以及
接合机构,其能够可操作地响应于击发机构的近侧部分沿着选定方向的起始运动,释放所述随动构件,所述随动构件通过偏压构件预加载并且接合到击发机构的近侧部分上。
(2)如第(1)项所述的外科器械,其中,所述随动构件包括线性运动的滑梭,所述偏压构件包括安装在所述手柄和所述线性运动的滑梭之间的线性弹簧。
(3)如第(2)项所述的外科器械,其中,所述线性弹簧包括拉伸弹簧。
(4)如第(2)项所述的外科器械,其中所述线性弹簧包括压缩弹簧。
(5)如第(1)项所述的外科器械,其中,所述击发机构的近侧部分包括齿条,所述随动构件包括传动机构,所述偏压构件包括扭转弹簧偏压的棘轮机构,所述棘轮机构连接到手柄上。
(6)如第(1)项所述的外科器械,其中,所述用于辅助的选定方向是从未击发位置到击发位置击发的方向,所述接合机构还包括制动件,其连接到击发机构的近侧部分上并且响应于所述击发致动器的致动而释放。
(7)如第(6)项所述的外科器械,其中,所述制动件包括杠杆制动衬片,该杠杆制动衬片具有枢转点,其响应于击发致动器的致动相对于所述手柄运动,以使所述杠杆制动衬片运动成与所述击发机构的近侧部分脱离接合。
(8)如第(6)项所述的外科器械,其中,所述制动件包括制动臂,该制动臂具有旋转部分,该旋转部分响应于所述击发致动器的致动旋转到与所述击发机构的近侧部分接合的位置。
(9)如第(6)项所述的外科器械,其中,所述随动构件包括滑梭,所述接合机构还包括锁定凸轮,该锁定凸轮受偏压而与所述击发机构的近侧部分接合,所述手柄包括脱离接合凸轮,当所述滑梭到达击发位置时,所述脱离接合凸轮使所述锁定凸轮运动到与所述击发机构的近侧部分脱离接合的位置。
(10)如第(6)项所述的外科器械,其中,还包括弹簧,所述弹簧安装在所述手柄和所述击发机构的近侧部分之间,以产生回缩偏压。
(11)如第(10)项所述的外科器械,其中,所述弹簧包括拉伸弹簧,所述拉伸弹簧具有连接点,所述连接点连接到连接点近侧的手柄上,手柄靠近其与击发机构的近侧部分的连接点。
(12)如第(1)项所述的外科器械,其中,所述选定方向是从击发位置到未击发位置回缩的方向,所述随动构件包括滑梭,所述接合机构还包括锁定凸轮,所述锁定凸轮响应于所述滑梭向击发位置的运动而与手柄接合,抵抗相应的偏压构件的预加载,并且所述锁定凸轮响应于接近击发位置的击发机构的近侧部分的运动与手柄脱离接合并且与所述击发机构的近侧部分接合。
(13)如第(12)项所述的外科器械,其中,所述偏压构件包括拉伸弹簧,所述拉伸弹簧连接到手柄上,手柄靠近其与滑梭的连接点。
(14)一种外科器械,包括:
手柄;
细长执行部分;
击发传动件,该击发传动件包括:
远侧部分,其可在所述细长执行部分中纵向往复运动;以及
近侧部分,其装纳在手柄中,在非击发位置和击发位置之间往复运动,并且该近侧部分连接到所述远侧部分上,传送相关的纵向往复运动。
击发扳机,其可动地连接到所述手柄上并且使击发传动件的近侧部分从非击发位置运动到击发位置;以及
击发辅助机构,该辅助机构包括:
随动构件,其装纳在手柄中,位于近侧并且对准,在所述击发传动件的近侧部分的非击发位置和击发位置之间运动;
偏压构件,其能够可操作地通过所述随动构件从击发位置到非击发位置的运动对该偏压构件预加载;
接合机构,能够可操作地响应于随动构件回缩到非击发位置将随动构件接合到击发传动件的近侧部分上,并且能够响应于接合的随动构件和击发传动件击发到击发位置将随动构件与击发传动件的近侧部分脱离接合;以及
制动件,能够可操作地将击发传动件的近侧部分保持回缩,直到所述击发扳机受致动而击发。
(15)如第(14)项所述的外科器械,其中,所述随动构件包括线性运动的滑梭,所述偏压构件包括安装在所述手柄和所述线性运动的滑梭之间的线性弹簧。
(16)如第(15)项所述的外科器械,其中,所述线性弹簧包括拉伸弹簧,所述线性运动的滑梭还包括暴露在手柄外部的控制器。
(17)如第(15)项所述的外科器械,其中,所述线性弹簧包括压缩弹簧,所述线性运动的滑梭还包括暴露在手柄外部的控制器。
(18)如第(14)项所述的外科器械,其中,所述击发传动件的近侧部分包括齿条,所述随动构件包括传动机构,所述偏压构件包括扭转弹簧偏压的棘轮机构,所述棘轮机构连接到暴露在手柄外部的旋钮上。
(19)如第(14)项所述的外科器械,其中,所述制动件包括杠杆制动衬片,该杠杆制动衬片具有枢转点,击发扳机的向前的偏压轴响应于击发扳机的致动向后运动,所述枢转点响应于所述向后运动相对于所述手柄运动,以使所述杠杆制动衬片运动成与所述击发传动件的近侧部分脱离接合。
(20)如第(14)项所述的外科器械,其中,所述制动件包括制动臂,该制动臂具有旋转部分,击发扳机的向前的偏压轴响应于击发扳机的致动向后运动,所述旋转部分响应于所述向后运动旋转成与所述击发传动件的近侧部分接合。
(21)如第(14)项所述的外科器械,其中,所述随动构件包括滑梭,所述接合机构还包括锁定凸轮,该锁定凸轮受偏压而与所述击发传动件的近侧部分接合,所述手柄包括脱离接合凸轮,当所述滑梭到达击发位置时,所述脱离接合凸轮使所述锁定凸轮运动到与所述击发传动件的近侧部分脱离接合的位置。
(22)如第(14)项所述的外科器械,其中,还包括弹簧,所述弹簧安装在所述手柄和所述击发传动件的近侧部分之间,以产生回缩偏压。
(23)一种外科器械,包括:
手柄;
细长执行部分;
击发传动件,该击发传动件包括:
远侧部分,其可在所述细长执行部分中纵向往复运动;以及
近侧部分,其装纳在手柄中,在非击发位置和击发位置之间往复运动,并且该近侧部分连接到所述远侧部分上,传送相关的纵向往复运动。
击发扳机,其可动地连接到所述手柄上并且使击发传动件的近侧部分从非击发位置运动到击发位置;以及
回缩辅助机构,该辅助机构包括:
随动构件,其装纳在手柄中,位于近侧并且对准,在所述击发传动件的近侧部分的非击发位置和击发位置之间运动;
偏压构件,能够可操作地通过所述随动构件从非击发位置到击发位置的运动对该偏压构件预加载;以及
接合机构,能够可操作地响应于运动到击发位置和脱离接合随动构件而将随动构件接合到手柄上,并且能够响应于击发传动件运动到击发位置与手柄脱离接合并且接合击发传动件的近侧部分。
(24)如第(23)项所述的外科器械,其中,所述偏压构件包括拉伸弹簧,所述拉伸弹簧连接到手柄上,手柄靠近其与滑梭的连接点。
通过附图和对其的描述将更清楚地了解本发明的这些和其它目的和优点。
附图说明
所结合的构成说明书的一部分的附图示例性地示出了本发明的实施例,并且与上述对本发明的总体描述和下述对实施例的详细描述一起,用于解释本发明的原理。
图1是具有打开的端部执行器(缝钉施加组件)的处于打开位置的外科缝合和切割器械的右视图,其中部分去除细长轴和击发辅助机构。
图2是具有图1所示外科缝合和切割器械沿着线2-2纵向横截的打开的端部执行器的右视图。
图3是图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的左前侧等轴侧图,其中去除了钉仓。
图4是图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的手柄的左视等轴侧图,其中去除了左侧手柄外壳和击发扳机回缩弹簧,以显示回缩(预加载)状态的拉伸弹簧击发辅助机构。
图5是图1所示分解的外科缝合和切割器械的左前侧等轴侧图,其中省略了端部执行器。
图6是图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的手柄部分的左视图,其中去除了左侧手柄外壳和辅助机构,以显示处于松开、非击发(“开始”)位置的内部闭合和击发部件。
图7是图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的手柄的左视图,其中去除了左侧手柄外壳和辅助机构,以显示处于“夹紧”位置的内部闭合和击发部件。
图8是图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的手柄的左视图,其中去除了左侧手柄外壳和辅助机构,以显示处于缝合和切割(“击发”)位置的内部闭合和击发部件。
图9是图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的远端的端部执行器的等轴侧图,其中钉砧处于上部或者打开位置,显示了钉仓和击发杆的切割刃。
图10是图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的执行部分的分解等轴侧图。
图11是图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的远端的端部执行器的等轴侧图,其中钉砧处于上部或者打开位置,去除了大部分钉仓,示例性地显示了单缝钉驱动器和双缝钉驱动器以及显示了靠在击发杆的中部销上处于开始位置的楔形滑块。
图12是图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的远端的等轴侧图,其中钉砧处于上部或者打开位置,去除了全部钉仓和一部分细长通道,以显示击发杆的最下部的销。
图13是一侧视剖视图,示出了图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的处于闭合位置的钉砧、细长通道和钉仓之间的机械关系;示出了沿着图9的线13-13截取的截面,以显示了楔形滑块、缝钉驱动器和缝钉;还示出了沿着纵向中心线的击发杆。
图14是外科缝合和切割器械的端部执行器的剖视图,示出了沿着图9的线14-14截取的处于开始位置的钉仓和击发杆。
图15是沿着图14的线15-15截取的剖视图,示出了击发杆、细长通道、楔形滑块、缝钉驱动器、缝钉和钉仓之间的截面关系。
图16是处于初始、开始状态的图4所示拉伸弹簧击发辅助机构的俯视图,其中小齿条(击发传动件的矩形板)缩回并且该机构具有未装载的滑梭。
图17是处于装载状态(预加载)的图16所示拉伸弹簧击发辅助机构的俯视图,其中小齿条由滑梭缩回,使得拉伸弹簧拉长。
图18是处于触发状态(击发)的图17所示拉伸弹簧击发辅助机构的俯视图,其中小齿条通过接合的滑梭被拉长的拉伸弹簧向远侧偏压,同时被击发扳机向远侧推进。
图19是处于未加载、击发状态的图18所示拉伸弹簧击发辅助机构的俯视图,其中小齿条向近侧缩回,在与位于远侧的滑梭脱离接合后回到初始状态。
图20是手柄的上后部分的左视图,其中左侧手柄外壳从图1所示外科缝合和切割器械去除,显示了受击发的击发手柄,以释放图4所示击发辅助机构的小齿条制动器。
图21是图20所示小齿条和制动器组件的左前侧等轴侧图。
图22是右侧手柄外壳的上后部分的左视图,该右侧手柄外壳具有图4所示击发辅助机构的横向细长击发轴狭槽和轴偏压板簧。
图23是图22所示右侧手柄外壳的横向细长击发轴狭槽的左侧详视图。
图24是图4所示击发辅助机构的小齿条和制动器组件的分解后视剖视图。
图25是图4所示击发辅助机构的小齿条、制动衬片和制动联动装置的一部分的左侧详视图。
图26是处于锁定状态的图24所示小齿条和小齿条制动器的左侧详视图。
图27是处于未锁定状态的图24所示小齿条和小齿条制动器的左侧详视图。
图28是手柄的上后部分的左视图,其中左侧手柄外壳从图1所示外科缝合和切割器械中去除,显示了受击发的击发手柄,以释放图4所示击发辅助机构的可选择的小齿条制动器。
图29是图28所示可选择的小齿条制动器的左侧详视图。
图30是处于初始、开始状态的可选择的压缩弹簧击发辅助机构的俯视图,其中小齿条缩回,并且该辅助机构具有用于图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的未加载的滑梭。
图31是处于装载状态(预加载)的图30所示压缩弹簧击发辅助机构的俯视图,其中小齿条缩回并且用已回缩的压缩弹簧接合到缩回的滑梭上。
图32是处于触发状态(击发)的图31所示压缩弹簧击发辅助机构的俯视图,其中小齿条通过接合的滑梭被压缩弹簧向远侧偏压,同时被击发扳机向远侧推进。
图33是处于缩回状态的图32所示压缩弹簧击发辅助机构的俯视图,其中小齿条向近侧回缩(如虚线所示),在与位于远侧的推杆脱离接合后回到初始状态。
图34是外科缝合和切割器械的手柄的右前侧透视图,该器械具有旋紧的击发辅助机构。
图35是图34所示外科缝合和切割器械的手柄的仰视图,其中省略了左侧手柄外壳,并且去除了右侧手柄外壳的底部,以显示旋紧的击发辅助机构。
图36是图35所示旋紧的击发辅助机构的底部详视图。
图37是图34所示旋紧的击发辅助机构的旋紧旋钮、部分壳体、棘轮机构和辅助正齿轮的左前侧等轴侧图。
图38是图37所示旋紧旋钮、棘轮机构和辅助正齿轮乘数齿轮(multiplier gear)的左前侧等轴侧图,其中去除了小外部正齿轮,以显示棘轮机构的扭转螺旋弹簧。
图39是处于释放、松开状态的图38所示扭转螺旋弹簧的侧视图。
图40是处于致动、张紧状态的图39所示扭转螺旋弹簧的侧视图
图41是外科缝合和切割器械的手柄的左前侧透视图,该器械包括缩回脱离接合的击发辅助机构。
图42是图41所示缩回脱离接合的击发辅助机构的小齿条和滑梭的左前侧等轴侧详视图。
图43是处于初始、开始状态的图41所示缩回脱离接合的击发辅助机构的俯视图,其中小齿条和滑梭缩回。
图44是图43所示缩回脱离接合的击发辅助机构的俯视图,该机构通过用保持缩回的小齿条向远侧推动滑梭而被装载。
图45是图44所示缩回脱离接合的击发辅助机构的俯视图,该机构通过用保持缩回的小齿条进一步向远侧推动滑梭而被装载。
图46是图45所示缩回脱离接合击发辅助机构的俯视图,该机构被双重锁定凸轮组件装载预加载,该组件在滑梭内枢转,与手柄外壳接合,同时小齿条保持缩回。
图47是图46所示缩回脱离接合的击发辅助机构的俯视图,在外科缝合和切割器械击发期间小齿条向远侧推进时,该机构保持被装载(预加载)。
图48是图47所示缩回脱离接合的击发辅助机构的俯视图,其中小齿条向远侧推进大致整个行程,与双重锁定凸轮组件接触,实现与手柄外壳脱离接合。
图49是图48所示缩回脱离接合的击发辅助机构的俯视图,其中小齿条向远侧完全推进,以旋转双重锁定凸轮组件,使该组件与手柄外壳完全脱离接合并且与小齿条接合。
图50图49所示缩回脱离接合的击发辅助机构的俯视图,其中小齿条在来自滑梭的缩回偏压的作用下缩回。
图51是图43所示双重锁定凸轮组件的等轴侧图。
图52是图44所示双重锁定凸轮组件的分解等轴侧图。
具体实施方式
参照附图,在全部附图中,相同的附图标记表示相同的部件,在图1中,示出了外科缝合和切割器械10,其能够实现本发明的独特优点。外科缝合和切割器械10结合有端部执行器12,其示例性形式是具有E形梁击发构件(“击发杆”)14(图2)的缝钉施加组件,该E形梁击发构件控制端部执行器12的间距。具体地说,细长通道16和可枢转平移的钉砧18之间保持一间距,该间距确保有效的缝合和切割。击发该击发杆14需要适量的力,以切割组织、形成缝钉以及克服外科缝合和切割器械10中的机械阻力。根据本发明,手柄部分20结合有辅助机构19,以减小在击发时为实现给予击发杆14的击发力而必需由医生给予的力的大小。预加载致动器,所示为手柄部分20的左后表面上的击发辅助推杆21,允许外科医生或外科护士通过预加载适量的机械势能来准备外科缝合和切割器械10,所述机械势能随后有助于击发。
应当理解,此处使用的术语“近侧”和“远侧”是相对于握持外科缝合器械10的手柄部分20的医生而言的。因此,端部执行器12相对于更近侧的手柄部分20位于远侧。从前侧观察端部执行器12并从后侧观察手柄部分20。还应当理解,为了方便和清楚,这里使用的空间术语如“垂直”和“水平”是相对于附图而言的。但是外科器械用于各种方位和位置,这些术语并不是限制和绝对的。
外科缝合和切割器械10包括执行部分22,该执行部分22包括轴23,该轴23近侧连接到手柄部分20上,远侧终止于端部执行器12中。手柄部分20包括手枪式握把24,医生朝着该手枪式握把枢转拉动关闭扳机26,以朝着端部执行器12的细长通道16夹紧或者闭合钉砧18。击发扳机28位于关闭扳机26较远的外侧,医生枢转拉动击发扳机28,以缝合和切割夹紧在端部执行器12中的组织。
在使用的准备过程中,外科护士可以向近侧(后侧)拉动击发辅助推杆21,直到锁定在适当的位置(图4)。可以调节手柄部分20的右侧上的调节旋钮29(图1),以改变击发扳机28上致动辅助机构19所需的初始力的大小。还可以将所需类型的钉仓37插入端部执行器12中。外科医生然后按压关闭扳机26,闭合端部执行器12,然后可以通过套管针的插管(未示出)将执行部分22定位在患者体内所需的手术部位。首先,致动关闭扳机26。一旦医生对端部执行器12的定位满意,医生可以将关闭扳机26拉回至其完全闭合的夹紧位置,靠近手枪式握把24。然后,致动击发扳机28。当医生去除压力时,击发扳机28弹性地返回。释放按钮30在按压在手柄部分20的近端上时,释放夹紧的关闭扳机26。
沿着细长轴23传送闭合运动和击发运动。具体地说,闭合套管32包围框架34,该框架34又包围击发驱动杆36,该击发驱动杆36通过击发扳机28定位。框架34将手柄部分20连接到端部执行器12上。如图所示,在通过关闭扳机26使闭合套管32向近侧缩回的情况下,钉砧18弹性地打开,朝着离开细长通道16的方向枢转并且与闭合套管32一起向近侧平移。细长通道16装纳钉仓37。
在图2中,击发杆14包括三个垂直间隔的销,这些销在击发期间控制端部执行器12的间距。具体地说,上部销38进入钉砧槽40中,位于钉砧18和细长通道16之间的枢轴附近。当击发时,钉砧18闭合(图13),上部销38在纵向钉砧狭槽42中向远侧推进,该纵向钉砧狭槽42通过钉砧18向远侧延伸。通过上部销38赋予的向下的力克服钉砧18中的任何少量的向上偏转。同样,如果夹紧不充足的组织,上部销38会支撑钉砧18,用于正确的缝钉成型。击发杆14还包括最下部销或者击发杆帽44,该击发杆帽44向上接合细长通道16中的通道狭槽45,由此与上部销38配合,从而在其间夹持了过量的组织时将钉砧18和细长通道16稍微拉近,或者在夹持了不充足的组织时将它们分开。击发杆14包括中部销46,该中部销46穿过在细长通道16的上表面附近形成在钉仓37的下表面中的击发驱动狭槽47,由此如下所述地驱动钉仓中的缝钉。中部销46在钉仓37的上表下表面上滑动,抵抗端部执行器12的在其远端夹紧闭合的任何倾向,所述钉仓37靠在细长通道16上。击发杆14上的在上部销38和中部销46之间位于远侧的切割刃48横跨钉仓37中位于近侧的垂直狭槽49,以切割夹紧的组织。击发杆14相对于细长通道16和钉砧18的确定的定位确保了进行有效的切割。
在图4中,手柄部分20局部从图3所示的结构中拆卸下来,以显示结合到手柄部分20的内部部件的左侧上的辅助机构19,所述手柄部分20在前面引用的美国专利申请公开No.US2004/0232196A1中进行了描述。在图5中,手柄部分20完全拆开。具体地说,手柄部分20包括左侧手柄外壳50和右侧手柄外壳52,它们由聚合物材料(如玻璃填充聚碳酸酯)模制。左侧手柄外壳50设有多个圆柱形销54。右侧手柄外壳52包括多个伸出构件56,每个伸出构件56具有六边形开口58。圆柱形销54收纳在六边形开口58中并且摩擦地保持在其中,用于将左侧手柄外壳50和右侧手柄外壳52保持成组件。
参照图5,旋转钮60具有开孔62,其完全穿过旋钮60延伸,用于接合执行部分22并且使执行部分22围绕其纵向轴线转动。旋钮60包括向内突出的凸起64,其沿着至少一部分开孔62延伸。凸起64装纳在纵向狭槽66中,该纵向狭槽66形成在闭合套管32的近侧部分,从而旋钮60的转动使闭合套管32转动。应当理解,凸起64进一步延伸进入框架34中的近侧狭槽67,以使细长轴23旋转。因此,端部执行器12(图1-3)随着旋钮60转动而转动。
框架34的近端68向近侧穿过旋钮60并且设有圆周凹口70,该圆周凹口70通过相对的通道固定构件72而接合,所述通道固定构件72分别从左侧手柄外壳50和右侧手柄外壳52延伸。仅示出了右侧手柄外壳52的通道固定构件72。从左侧手柄外壳50和右侧手柄外壳52延伸的通道固定构件72用于将框架34固定到手柄部分20上,从而框架34不会相对于手柄部分20纵向运动,但是能够围绕其纵向轴向转动。
关闭扳机26具有手柄部分74、扇形齿轮部分76和中间部分78。开孔80穿过中间部分78延伸。从右侧手柄外壳52延伸的圆柱形支撑构件82穿过开孔80,用于可枢转地将关闭扳机26安装手柄部分20上。
在前面引用的美国专利申请公开No.US2004/0232196A1中,击发扳机28枢转地支撑在第二、较小的圆柱形支撑构件上,该圆柱形支撑构件同轴地向左侧延伸并且穿过击发扳机28的开孔81,与手柄部分20(未示出)的左侧手柄外壳50接合。而在本发明中,辅助机构19有利地包括可纵向运动的击发扳机轴83,该击发扳机轴83穿过击发扳机28的开孔81,并且该击发扳机轴83的横向端部在纵向细长椭圆形导向件84内滑动,所述导向件84分别形成在左侧手柄外壳50和右侧手柄外壳52中。
闭合轭状件86容纳在手柄部分20中,在其中往复运动,并且将来自关闭扳机26的运动传动到闭合套管32上。从右侧手柄外壳52和固定构件72延伸的支撑构件88穿过轭状件86中的凹槽89延伸,将轭状件86支撑在手柄部分20中。
闭合套管32的近端90设有凸缘92,其压入配合到装纳凹槽94中,该凹槽94形成在轭状件86的远端96中。轭状件86的近端98具有齿条100,该齿条100通过关闭扳机26的扇形齿轮部分76接合。当关闭扳机26朝着手柄部分20的手枪式握把24运动时,轭状件86并且因此闭合套管向远侧运动,从而压缩位于远侧狭窄环103和轭状件86的远端96之间的弹簧102,所述远侧狭窄环103形成在左侧手柄外壳50和右侧手柄外壳52中,该弹簧102向近侧偏压轭状件86。如下所述,闭合套管32向远侧的运动使钉砧18向远侧朝着端部执行器12的细长通道16枢转平移运动,闭合套管32向近侧的运动使钉砧18闭合。
关闭扳机26通过前表面130向前偏压至一打开位置,该前表面130与击发扳机28的接合表面128相互作用。围绕销106在手柄部分20中从上往后枢转的夹紧的第一钩状件104限制击发扳机28朝着手枪式握把24运动,直到关闭扳机26夹紧到其闭合位置。钩状件104通过接合击发扳机28中的锁定销107限制击发扳机28运动。钩状件104还与关闭扳机26接触。具体地说,钩状件104的向前突出部108接合关闭扳机26的中间部分78上的构件110,该构件110朝着手柄部分74方向位于开孔80的外侧。由回位弹簧112偏压钩状件104,使其与关闭扳机26的构件110接触,并与击发扳机28中的锁定销107接合。当按压关闭扳机26时,钩状件104从上往后运动,压缩回位弹簧112,该回位弹簧112夹在钩状件104上的向后突出部114和释放按钮30上的向前突出部116之间。
当轭状件86响应于关闭扳机26向近侧的运动而向远侧运动时,释放按钮30的上部插销臂118沿着轭状件86上的近侧上表面120运动,直到落入轭状件86的近侧下部中的向上开的凹槽122中。回位弹簧112向外推动释放按钮30,这使上部插销臂118向下枢转,与向上开的凹槽122接合,由此将关闭扳机26锁定在组织夹紧位置,如图7所示。
回到图5,可以将插销臂118移出凹槽122,通过向内推动释放按钮30来释放钉砧18。具体地说,上部插销臂118围绕右侧手柄外壳52的销123向上枢转。然后轭状件86能够响应于关闭扳机26的返回运动而向近侧运动。
击发扳机复位弹簧124位于手柄部分20内,该弹簧124的一端连接到右侧手柄外壳52的销106上,另一端连接到击发扳机28上的销126上。击发复位弹簧124对销126施加回复力,沿着远离手柄部分20的手枪式握把24的方向偏压击发扳机28。通过击发扳机28的接合表面128偏压关闭扳机26的前表面130,关闭扳机26也被朝着远离手枪式握把24的方向偏压。
由于关闭扳机26朝着手枪式握把24运动,关闭扳机26的前表面130与击发扳机28上的接合表面128接合,使击发扳机28运动到其“击发”位置。当处于其击发位置时,击发扳机28与手枪式握把24成大致45°角。缝钉击发之后,弹簧124使击发扳机28回到其初始位置。在击发扳机28的返回运动期间,其接合表面128推压关闭扳机26的前表面130,使关闭扳机26返回到其初始位置。止动构件132从右侧手柄外壳52中延伸,防止关闭扳机26旋转超过其初始位置。
外科缝合和切割器械10还包括击发往复组件(“击发传动件”)134,其将击发运动从击发扳机28传送到端部执行器12,以切割和缝合组织。尽管击发扳机28在该示例性方案中使用了单一的闭合方法,按照本发明的应用可以用击发传动件134的远侧行程的第一部分来闭合端部执行器12,并用远侧行程的后面部分来切割和缝合。击发传动件134的近侧部分装纳在手柄部分20中,击发传动件134的远侧部分装纳在执行部分22中。击发传动件134的近侧部分开始于纵向细长矩形板135,其具有近侧齿条段136,该近侧齿条段136啮合到扇形齿轮137上,该扇形齿轮137在由开孔81和击发扳机轴83限定的枢轴上方,位于击发扳机28上部。矩形板135上的远侧齿条段138啮合同轴双联正齿轮(乘数齿轮)140的左侧小正齿轮(小齿轮)139,该双联正齿轮140在横向对准的齿轮轴143上转动,其大正齿轮(大齿轮)141啮合形成在击发驱动杆36的近端上的杆齿条142。击发驱动杆36和击发杆14因此形成击发传动件134的远侧部分,它们通过执行部分22传送该击发运动。
第一凹口144设置在矩形板135上,位于近侧齿条段136和远侧齿条段138之间。在击发扳机28的返回运动期间,击发扳机28上的齿146与矩形板135上的第一凹口144啮合,在缝钉击发后使矩形板135返回到其初始位置。第二凹口148位于击发驱动杆36的近端,用于将击发驱动杆36锁定到释放按钮30的上部插销臂118上,使其处于非击发位置。
在描述辅助机构19的部件和操作之前,在图6-8中,示出了手柄部分20,为了清楚地描述闭合和击发部件,去除了左侧手柄外壳50和辅助机构19。在图6中,手柄部分20处于开始位置(打开且未击发)。在图7中,手柄部分20处于夹紧位置(闭合且未击发)。在图8中,手柄部分处于击发位置。为了在组织夹紧之前防止缝钉击发,释放按钮30上的上部插销臂118与矩形板135上的第二凹口148接合,使击发驱动杆36锁定在其最近侧位置,如图6所示。当上部插销臂118落入凹槽122中时,上部插销臂118与第二凹口148脱离接合,从而允许击发驱动杆36向远侧运动,如图8所示。
由于矩形板135上的远侧齿条段138和击发驱动杆36上的杆齿条142与乘数齿轮140啮合,击发扳机28的运动使击发驱动杆36在如图7所示的第一往复位置和如图8所示的第二往复位置之间往复运动。由于大齿轮141的直径大于小齿轮139的直径,乘数齿轮140使击发传动件134(即击发驱动杆36和击发杆14)远侧部分运动的距离大于击发扳机28使矩形板135运动的距离。可以选择大齿轮141和小齿轮139的相对直径,使击发扳机28的冲程的长度和使其运动所需的力能够变化。
在图9-15中进一步详细示出了外科缝合和切割器械10的端部执行器12。如上所述,手柄部分20产生单独和不同的闭合和击发运动,用于致动端部执行器12。端部执行器12保持这种单独和不同的闭合和击发运动(即缝合和切割)的临床灵活性。另外,端部执行器12结合上述能力,以在医生定位和夹紧组织之后在击发期间确定地保持闭合间距。通过在夹紧不充足的组织的情况下确保足够的间距以及在夹紧过量的组织的情况下进一步夹紧,程序上和结构上的特征改善了外科缝合和切割器械10的性能。
在图9中,端部执行器12通过缩回的闭合套管32处于打开位置,并且包括安装在细长通道16中的钉仓37。在钉砧18的下表面200上,排列有多个缝钉成型槽202,对应于钉仓37的上表面206中的多个缝钉孔204。击发杆14处于其近侧位置,其中上部销38以不干涉的方式与钉砧槽40对准。所示的钉砧槽40与钉砧18中的纵向钉砧狭槽42连通。击发杆14的位于远侧的切割刃48与钉仓37中的垂直狭槽对准,并且位于狭槽49的近侧,由此允许去除缝钉已用尽的钉仓并且插入未击发的钉仓,所述钉仓压入配合于细长通道16中。特别地,钉仓37的伸出部208、210接合细长通道16的凹槽212、214(如图11所示)。
在图10中,外科缝合和切割器械10的执行部分22处于分解的形式。所示的钉仓37包括仓体216、楔形滑块218、单驱动器220和双驱动器221、缝钉222(图13和15所示)和仓盘224。当组装时,仓盘224将楔形滑块218、单驱动器220和双驱动器221以及缝钉222保持在仓体216中。
与将凸轮表面结合到击发杆上相比,使楔形滑块218与钉仓37形成一体,允许更多的灵活的设计选择。例如,可以为外科缝合和切割器械10选择多个不同的钉仓37,每个钉仓37具有缝钉的222排数不同构的造,因此每个钉仓37具有独特的楔形滑块218,用于接触击发杆14的中部销46,同时使缝钉222驱动。作为另一个例子,一体的楔形滑块218为多种锁定结构提供了机会。
细长通道16具有在近侧安置的连接腔226,该连接腔226装纳框架34的远端上的通道锚固构件228,用于将端部执行器12连接到手柄部分20上。细长通道16还具有钉砧凸轮狭槽230,其枢转地装纳钉砧18的钉砧枢轴232。包围框架34的闭合套管32包括位于远侧的马蹄形孔234,其接合钉砧18上的在钉砧枢轴232附近而且位于钉砧枢轴232远侧的钉砧部件236,由此实现钉砧18的打开和闭合。所示的击发驱动杆36经由销240通过击发连接器238组装到击发杆14上,该击发连接器238又可转动地在近侧连接到击发驱动杆36上。击发杆14在框架34的远端通过插在框架34中的开槽的导向件239受引导。
特别参照图11,去除了一部分钉仓37,以显示细长通道16的各部分,如凹槽212、214,并且显示钉仓37的处于非击发位置的一些部件。特别地,去除了仓体216(图10所示)。所示的楔形滑块218处于其近侧、非击发位置,其中,推块242对准,接触击发杆14的中部销46(图11中未示出)。楔形滑块218纵向滑动接触在仓盘224上,并且包括楔形件228,当楔形滑块218向远侧运动时,所述楔形件228向上推动单驱动器220和双驱动器221。靠在驱动器220、221上的缝钉222(图11中未示出)也因此被向上推动,与钉砧18上的钉砧成型槽202接触,形成闭合缝钉222。所示的位于细长通道16中的通道狭槽45与钉仓37中的垂直狭槽49对准。
在图12中,示出了图11所示端部执行器12,其中去除了全部钉仓37,以显示击发杆14的中部销46,还去除了细长通道16的临近通道狭槽45的部分,以显示击发杆帽44。另外,去除了轴23的各部分,以显示击发杆14的近侧部分。在枢轴附近从钉砧18向下伸出的一对相对的组织挡块244防止在夹紧期间组织太靠上定位而进入端部执行器12中。
在图13中,端部执行器12闭合,处于组织夹紧位置中,其中击发杆14未击发。上部销38位于钉砧槽40中,与钉砧狭槽42垂直对准,用于在击发期间使击发杆14向远侧纵向运动。中部销46向远侧推动楔形滑块218,使楔形件228顺序地接触并抬起双驱动器221和相应的缝钉222,使缝钉222与钉砧18的下表面200上的缝钉成型槽202接触。
在图14中,示出了钉仓37的上表面206,其中击发杆14处于其非击发的近侧位置。缝钉孔204排列在钉仓37中的垂直狭槽49的两侧。
在图15中,端部执行器12的细长通道16的位于枢轴附近的部分具有相对的倾斜部分246,与钉砧18的组织挡块244(图12)配合,防止组织堵塞端部执行器12。还更详细地示出了双驱动器221和其相应的缝钉222。
回到图4-5,辅助机构19进行手柄部分20的击发部件的操作,该手柄部分20具有弹簧偏压随动构件(其示例性形式为线性运动的滑梭300),其选择地推动击发传动件134的近侧部分(其示例性形式为矩形板135)。滑梭300具有横向通槽302,凸轮指状件304通过销孔308中的垂直销306在中心接合在该横向通槽302中,可以水平转动。滑梭300的近端连接到击发辅助推杆21上,该推杆21的圆柱形轴310穿过形成在左侧手柄外壳50(图5)中的推杆孔312(图4)滑动。在圆柱形轴310的后端部处的直径增大的圆柱形指状握持部314形成推杆21的止动表面。滑梭300的远端连接到拉伸弹簧316的近侧钩状端315上,该钩状端315通过销318位于滑梭300中的远侧开口的横向狭槽317内。拉伸弹簧316的远侧钩状端320连接到左侧手柄外壳50的远侧部分上,从而推杆21的缩回(如图4所示)拉伸存储有机械势能的拉伸弹簧316。形成在左侧手柄外壳50中的滑梭盘结构323引导拉伸弹簧316和滑梭300,并且限制滑梭300向远侧运动(图4)。
在图16-19中,示出了辅助机构19的滑梭300和击发传动件134的矩形板135之间的相互作用。凸轮指状件304基本上是细长的矩形板,在长的两侧逐渐变细,当从上看时,其右前角顺时针旋转进入相应的凹口322中,该凹口322沿着矩形板135的左上边缘位于大致中间位置。因此,在滑梭300向远侧偏压时,凸轮指状件304如果插入凹口322中,则可以接合矩形板135。在图16中,图4所示的拉伸弹簧击发辅助机构19处于初始、开始状态,其中矩形板135缩回并且推杆位于远侧并且脱离接合。凸轮指状件304的左后表面靠在推动凸轮台阶324上,该推动凸轮台阶324安装在左侧手柄外壳50的内表面上。应当理解,扭转螺旋弹簧和/或凸轮指状件304周围的横向间距可以偏压凸轮指状件304的右前表面,使其与矩形板135接触,除非凸轮指状件304通过与推动凸轮台阶324接触而从上看时逆时针转动。在图17中,通过使推杆21缩回到装载状态(预加载),图16所示的拉伸弹簧击发辅助机构19被装载。凸轮指状件304接合于矩形板135的凹口322中,并且拉伸弹簧316被纵向拉伸,以存储机械势能。在图18中,向远侧击发图17所示的拉伸弹簧击发辅助机构19,矩形板135受击发扳机28(在图16-19中未示出)推压,并且由弹簧偏压滑梭300辅助矩形板135。当推动凸轮台阶324的倾斜近侧表面接触凸轮指状件304的左后表面时,凸轮指状件304到达其最远侧位置。在图19中,图18所示的拉伸弹簧击发辅助机构19到达其未装载的击发状态,其中凸轮指状件304从上看是逆时针旋转,与矩形板135的凹口脱离接合,允许缩回偏压和/或击发扳机的逆向运动,以缩回矩形板135(如虚线所示)。
在图5和20-27中,在击发期间耦合击发辅助力的击发辅助机构19的选择性的接合机构不仅包括将滑梭300选择地接合到矩形板135上,还包括将矩形板135和滑梭300的组合从相对于手柄部分20的近侧位置选择地释放。为此,辅助机构19的小齿条制动组件340将矩形板135并因而将击发传动件134保持在近侧位置,直到击发开始。击发扳机轴83穿过水平制动连杆344的远端孔342。远侧弓形弯曲板簧348向远侧推压水平制动连杆344的近侧邻接表面346,该远侧弯曲板簧348具有上部环状端350,该上部环状端350与从左侧手柄外壳50延伸的横向枢轴销352接合。通过圆柱形凸轮356使远侧弯曲板簧348的下端354可调节地纵向定位在左侧手柄外壳50和右侧手柄外壳52之间,所述圆柱形凸轮356具有离心的横向通孔358,该通孔358装纳调节轴360,该调节轴360由销362转动地固定并由调节旋钮29调节。通过弹簧363(图5)使圆柱形凸轮356从与左侧手柄外壳50接触的状态向右偏压。横向穿过调节轴360的锁定指状件364在其两端摩擦接合摩擦环状表面366(图22),该摩擦环状表面366形成在右侧手柄外壳52的内表面上,以保持调节位置。调节允许用户通过水平制动连杆344改变向远侧偏压击发扳机轴83的弹簧力的大小。
当水平制动连杆344处于其向前位置时(其中位于纵向细长椭圆形导向件84远端的击发扳机轴83在每个手柄外壳50、52中横向对准),块状制动衬片368运动成与位于近侧齿条段136近侧的矩形板135的近侧底面制动接触。当水平制动连杆344处于其向后位置时(其中击发扳机轴83运动离开纵向细长椭圆形导向件84的远端),块状制动衬片368运动成与矩形板135的近侧底面脱离制动接触。当按压击发扳机28时,通过击发传动件134反抗的阻力传送到击发扳机轴83并最终传送到远侧弯曲板簧348上,从而产生该向后运动。
通过一组件使水平制动连杆344的水平运动在制动衬片368上转变成向后上方(当接合时从左看)的旋转运动,所述组件作为通过左侧和右侧横向间隔销370、372横向对准的一个平面旋转,所述左侧和右侧横向间隔销370、372分别延伸成与左侧和右侧手柄外壳50、52滑动接触。特别地,下部杆状轴374穿过水平制动连杆344中的近侧横向通孔376,并且穿过下部水平通孔378、380,所述下部水平通孔378、380分别位于左侧和右侧上部制动臂382、384中,所述制动臂382、384侧面与水平制动连杆344相接。左侧和右侧横向间隔销370、372在相应的左侧和右侧孔386、388中分别从左侧和右侧上部制动臂382、384中向外伸出,所述左侧和右侧孔386、388位于相应的下部水平通孔378、380上方。上部方轴390穿过分别位于上部制动臂382、384中的左侧和右侧上部通孔392、394,并且穿过位于块状制动衬片368中的基本上水平的细长矩形通孔396(图26-27)。具有横向方形截面的左侧和右侧矩形棱柱端部(靴shoe)398、400分别在左侧和右侧上部制动臂382、384的横向外侧连接到上部方形轴390的两端上。每个立方端部398、400装纳在相应的矩形凸起402、404(图21-22、24-27)中,所述矩形凸起402、404分别形成在左侧和右侧手柄外壳50、52的内表面上。
应当理解,通过击发扳机复位弹簧124使击发扳机28从左看时顺时针旋转,击发传动件134基本上保持在缩回位置。如图20-21、25-26所示,当小齿条制动组件340处于其默认的接合位置时(其中水平制动连杆344向前并且上部制动臂382、384位于后上方),允许矩形板135缩回,如图19所示一样。但是,制动衬片368产生足够的摩擦力,抵消了在辅助机构19的影响下击发传动件134单独向远侧推进的任何倾向,否则该倾向可能克服该回缩力。参照图25-26,水平制动连杆344向前的运动将小齿条制动组件340推动到默认的接合位置。左侧和右侧矩形凸起402、404倾斜,水平制动连杆344和上部制动臂382、384之间的连接件的向前运动使左侧和右侧靴398、400在相应的左侧和右侧凸起402、404中向后上方运动。上部方轴390可以在制动衬片368中的基本上水平的矩形通孔396中滑动,允许矩形板135因而允许击发传动件134缩回。特别地,基本上水平的矩形通孔396在其远端稍微向上倾斜。这样,在缩回期间制动衬片368与矩形板135底面的摩擦接触使得制动衬片368向近侧滑动,其中上部方轴390位于基本上水平的通孔396的稍微更高的远侧部分,允许在表面之间存在微小的间隙(图27)。相反,例如当辅助机构19预加载并且接合到击发传动件134上时,击发传动件134上远侧的偏压使得制动衬片368稍微向远侧运动,从而使上部方轴390运动到制动衬片368中的基本上水平的通孔396的稍微靠下部的近侧部分,向上推动制动衬片368,使制动衬片368与矩形板135制动接触。
在图28-29中,可选择的小齿条制动组件440包括可调节的远侧弯曲板簧348,如上所述,该远侧弯曲板簧348向前偏压水平制动连杆442,并因此偏压击发扳机轴83。但是上部制动臂444垂直且刚性地连接在水平制动连杆442的中间位置上,以选择地使倒J形制动臂446旋转。形成在右侧手柄外壳52的弹性导向件448定位倒J形制动臂446的顶部450,从而向下弯曲的近端452向下旋转,与形成在矩形板135近端中的开槽的顶面454约束接触(binding contact)。可以通过向近侧移动上部制动臂444向近侧旋转倒J形制动臂446的远侧下悬部456,使向下弯曲的近端452抬离开槽的顶面454,允许击发传动件134击发。
在图30-33中,可选择的击发辅助机构500包括滑梭300,该滑梭300如前所述接合击发传动件134的矩形板135,但由压缩弹簧502推压在更高的远侧环504和推杆孔312之间,该远侧环504形成在推杆21的圆柱形部分310上。在图30中,矩形板135和击发传动件134缩回,其中可选择的击发辅助机构500处于远侧击发位置,压缩弹簧502未装载。在图31中,推杆21被向后拉动,当压缩弹簧502受压缩存储机械势能时,推杆21将凸轮指状件304并因而将滑梭300接合到矩形板135上。在图32中,已经触发辅助机构500,当凸轮指状件304开始接触推动凸轮台阶324时,击发传动件134和滑梭300一起运动。在图32中,随着进一步向远侧运动,推动凸轮台阶324使凸轮指状件304从上看时逆时针旋转,与矩形板135中的凹口322脱离接合,之后击发传动件134缩回。可选择的击发辅助机构500可以采用制动组件340或440。
在图34-40中,将另一可选择的旋紧击发辅助机构600结合到外科缝合和切割器械10中,该旋紧击发机构600包括旋紧旋钮602,该旋紧旋钮602存储棘轮机构606中的扭转螺旋弹簧604的机械势能,该棘轮机构606与第三正齿轮605齿轮接合,该第三正齿轮605同轴地连接到同轴双联正齿轮(乘数齿轮)140(图35、36)的右侧上。轴608连接到旋紧旋钮602上,穿过右侧手柄外壳52并且连接到圆形凸缘610上,该圆形凸缘610枢转地保持向下偏置的棘轮爪612,该棘轮爪612接合可转动地装纳的棘轮614,该棘轮614的齿成角度,防止棘轮614从右看时逆时针旋转。扭转螺旋弹簧604具有与棘轮614接合的外端部616和与轴608接合的内端部618。正齿轮620安装成与棘轮614一起旋转,并且与加在同轴双联正齿轮(乘数齿轮)140上的第三正齿轮605齿轮啮合。同轴地安装到双联正齿轮140右侧上的第三正齿轮605的尺寸可以提供在辅助机构500和击发传动件134之间所需的传动比,所述双联正齿轮140与棘轮机构606的正齿轮620齿轮啮合。可选择的击发辅助机构600可以采用制动组件340或440。
在图41-52中,除了直接辅助外科缝合和切割器械10中的击发传动件134运动之外,或者作为一种选择,可以通过在击发期间在击发传动件134上脱离接合回缩力,来产生击发辅助。因此,不需要医生在击发扳机28上施加大的作用力,而能在击发后保持自动缩回击发传动件134的优点。为此,外科缝合和切割器械10结合有辅助机构700,其中滑梭702与左侧相邻并且对准,与矩形板135一起运动,该矩形板135沿着其左上表面在远端附近具有倒凹口704。固定端(未示出)安装在手枪式握把24中的回缩拉伸弹簧706具有运动端708,该运动端708连接到缆线710上,该缆线710装在滑轮712上并且连接到滑梭702的近端上,而不是回缩拉伸弹簧706直接连接到击发扳机28上。滑轮712与滑梭702的纵向行程对准,并且位于滑梭702的最近侧位置的近侧。
滑梭702远端附近的横向通槽714装纳水平转动的双重接合凸轮构件716,该双重接合凸轮构件716选择地接合左侧手柄外壳50或者击发传动件134。具体参照图51-52,双重接合凸轮构件716具有向左倾斜的远端718,该向左倾斜的远端718位于垂直枢轴通孔720以及左侧和右侧近侧指状件722、724的远侧,所述左侧和右侧近侧指状件722、724位于垂直枢轴通孔720的近侧。凸轮轴726具有圆柱形上部728,该圆柱形上部728允许凸轮构件716与方形下部730一起旋转,该方形下部730固定地装纳在滑梭702中,位于横向通槽714下方。扭转螺旋弹簧732具有连接到圆柱形上部728上的内端734(从上看时逆时针卷绕)和接合到凸轮构件716上的外端736,从而凸轮构件736受顺时针偏压,与击发传动件134的矩形板135接触。
具体参照图41,弯曲板簧738(虚线所示)具有插入到闭合触发起26中的第一端740和插入到击发扳机28中的第二端742,第一端740和第二端742之间的弯曲部分744受偏压,以将两个触发器26、28分开。通过抑制击发扳机28下垂和与关闭扳机26的使用干扰,弯曲板簧738在较小的程度上补偿了回缩拉伸弹簧706与击发扳机28的脱离接合。
在图41-42中,通过向远侧滑动回缩辅助滑动夹746,对辅助机构700进行预加载,准备用于外科缝合和切割器械10,该回缩辅助滑动夹746沿形成在左侧手柄外壳50中的致动器水平狭槽748(图41)纵向滑动。
在图43-50中,形成在左侧手柄外壳50内表面上的远侧倾斜小凹口750和近侧倾斜大凹口752与对准的凸轮构件716结合一起用作接合机构,该接合机构选择地将滑梭702接合到左侧手柄外壳50上或者接合到击发传动件134的矩形板135上,或者既不接合到左侧手柄外壳50上也不接合到击发传动件134的矩形板135上。在图43中,矩形板135并且因而击发传动件134处于缩回、非击发位置。滑梭702也缩回,处于初始、未装载状态。凸轮构件716位于近侧倾斜大凹口752的右侧。当如图44所示向远侧推动滑梭702时,凸轮构件716上的扭转螺旋弹簧732的顺时针偏压倾向于将左侧近侧指状件722旋入近侧倾斜大凹口752中,并且将右侧近侧指状件724旋出矩形板135中的倒凹口704,所述旋入和旋出的程度为向左倾斜的远端718所允许的程度,从而对回缩拉伸弹簧706进行预加载(图41)。在图45中,当左侧近侧指状件722退出近侧倾斜大凹口752准备接合右侧手柄外壳52时,凸轮构件716逆时针旋转,当滑梭702如图46所示到达其整个远侧行程时,左侧近侧指状件722接合右侧手柄外壳52。远侧倾斜小凹口750的浅的特点允许凸轮构件716充分顺时针旋转,使得左侧近侧指状件722位于远侧倾斜小凹口750中,右侧近侧指状件724大致与滑梭702的右侧边缘平齐,并且凸轮构件716的向左倾斜的远端718稍微伸入由击发传动件134的矩形板135横跨的空间。在图47中,当击发期间按压击发扳机28(图41)时,向远侧推动击发传动件134的矩形板135。当倒凹口704沿着凸轮构件716的右侧近侧指状件724的右侧运动时,矩形板135的远侧左角接近凸轮构件716的向左倾斜的远端718。在图48中,与凸轮构件716的向左倾斜的远端718接触的矩形板135逐渐地使凸轮构件716逆时针旋转,从而拉动凸轮构件716的左侧凸轮指状件722,使左侧指状件722与左侧手柄外壳50中的远侧倾斜小凹口750脱离接合,并且将右侧近侧指状件724定位进入矩形板135的倒凹口704中。在图49中,矩形板135进一步向远侧推进到其几乎整个击发行程,使凸轮构件716与左侧手柄外壳50脱离接合,并使凸轮构件716接合到击发传动件134的矩形板135上,从而连接拉伸的回缩拉伸弹簧706(图41),以形成回缩偏压。在图50中,当释放击发扳机28(图41)时,回缩偏压缩回滑梭702,由此矩形板135(通过接合的凸轮构件716)回到图43所示的初始状态。
尽管通过对各实施例进行描述示例性地说明了本发明,并且尽管非常详细地描述了这些示例性实施例,但是申请人并不意图把后附权利要求的范围限制或者以任何方式局限于该细节。本领域技术人员很容易能想到其它优点和变型。
例如,根据本发明的辅助机构可以其他方式连接到击发杆上,而不是在连接到击发杆上的主齿条和小的副齿条之间插入乘数齿轮。
又如,类似于偏压击发辅助机构,按照本发明的回缩辅助机构可以在压缩弹簧或扭转螺旋弹簧或者其他弹性构件(例如充气的气缸)中存储偏压能,而不是在拉伸弹簧中。
再如,尽管外科缝合和切割器械从击发和/或回缩的预加载辅助中受益,其它外科器械也可以从根据本发明的这些方面受益,这些器械包括但不限于线性缝合器、圆形缝合器、吻合器械等。
又如,外科缝合和切割器械从双重击发和回缩辅助机构中受益,该机构包括在击发传动件的击发冲程和回缩冲程期间对两种辅助进行预加载。
再如,尽管为了清楚起见描述了单击发冲程,多击发冲程的外科器械(例如在前面引用的美国专利申请No.11/052,632中描述的)也可以受益于本发明的这些优点。

Claims (10)

1.一种外科器械,包括:
手柄;
细长执行部分;
击发机构,该击发机构包括:
远侧部分,其可在所述细长执行部分中纵向往复运动;以及近侧部分,其装纳在手柄中,在非击发位置和击发位置之间往复运动,并且该近侧部分连接到所述远侧部分上,传送相关的纵向往复运动。
击发致动器,其可动地连接到所述手柄上并且其连接能使击发机构的近侧部分从非击发位置运动到击发位置;以及
辅助机构,该辅助机构包括:
随动构件,其装纳在手柄中,位于近侧并且对准,在所述击发机构的近侧部分的非击发位置和击发位置之间运动;
偏压构件,其能够可操作地沿着选定方向在非击发位置和击发位置之间推压随动构件,通过滑梭沿相反方向的运动对该偏压构件预加载;以及
接合机构,其能够可操作地响应于击发机构的近侧部分沿着选定方向的起始运动,释放所述随动构件,所述随动构件通过偏压构件预加载并且接合到击发机构的近侧部分上。
2.如权利要求1所述的外科器械,其特征为,所述随动构件包括线性运动的滑梭,所述偏压构件包括安装在所述手柄和所述线性运动的滑梭之间的线性弹簧。
3.如权利要求2所述的外科器械,其特征为,所述线性弹簧包括拉伸弹簧。
4.如权利要求2所述的外科器械,其特征为,所述线性弹簧包括压缩弹簧。
5.如权利要求1所述的外科器械,其特征为,所述击发机构的近侧部分包括齿条,所述随动构件包括传动机构,所述偏压构件包括扭转弹簧偏压的棘轮机构,所述棘轮机构连接到手柄上。
6.如权利要求1所述的外科器械,其特征为,所述用于辅助的选定方向是从未击发位置到击发位置击发的方向,所述接合机构还包括制动件,其连接到击发机构的近侧部分上并且响应于所述击发致动器的致动而释放。
7.如权利要求6所述的外科器械,其特征为,所述制动件包括杠杆制动衬片,该杠杆制动衬片具有枢转点,其响应于击发致动器的致动相对于所述手柄运动,以使所述杠杆制动衬片运动成与所述击发机构的近侧部分脱离接合。
8.如权利要求6所述的外科器械,其特征为,所述制动件包括制动臂,该制动臂具有旋转部分,该旋转部分响应于所述击发致动器的致动旋转到与所述击发机构的近侧部分接合的位置。
9.如权利要求6所述的外科器械,其特征为,所述随动构件包括滑梭,所述接合机构还包括锁定凸轮,该锁定凸轮受偏压而与所述击发机构的近侧部分接合,所述手柄包括脱离接合凸轮,当所述滑梭到达击发位置时,所述脱离接合凸轮使所述锁定凸轮运动到与所述击发机构的近侧部分脱离接合的位置。
10.如权利要求6所述的外科器械,其特征为,还包括弹簧,所述弹簧安装在所述手柄和所述击发机构的近侧部分之间,以产生回缩偏压。
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US20070068990A1 (en) 2007-03-29
HK1102907A1 (en) 2007-12-07
CA2561242A1 (en) 2007-03-29
ATE506896T1 (de) 2011-05-15
JP4948954B2 (ja) 2012-06-06
BRPI0603995B8 (pt) 2021-06-22
CN1939228B (zh) 2011-06-08
BRPI0603995A (pt) 2007-08-14
CA2561242C (en) 2014-09-23
AU2006222719A1 (en) 2007-04-19
BRPI0603995B1 (pt) 2019-01-02
EP1769755A2 (en) 2007-04-04
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EP1769755B1 (en) 2011-04-27
AU2006222719B2 (en) 2012-08-23

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