CN1902348B - 用于生产具有热塑性基材的复合材料的纤维增强材料的可变形毡 - Google Patents
用于生产具有热塑性基材的复合材料的纤维增强材料的可变形毡 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及可变形毡,它由至少一个网构成,该网包含至少一种增强材料和至少一种热塑性材料,这些材料呈切断丝或连续丝状,并且这些丝彼此粘结在一起,以便这种毡在任何方向上的断裂伸长率为至少50%,优选地100-150%。本发明还涉及可变形毡的生产方法,该方法在于形成一种所述丝的网,在能使这些丝适当粘结的条件下处理这个网以及收集所得到的毡。本发明还涉及这种毡在采用真空或压缩模塑方法生产复合材料零件中的用途。
Description
本发明涉及可变形毡,它包括纤维增强材料和热塑性塑料,它用于生产复合材料零件,尤其是采用模塑法生产复合材料零件。
一般而言,采用材料模塑方法生产用纤维增强的热塑性基材复合材料零件,所述的材料使增强材料(特别是玻璃材料)和丝状热塑性材料结合在一起,丝状热塑性材料例如是无纺布、织物或非交织构造丝的结构,特别地通过编织或热(“热连接”)将它们粘结连接在一起。
真空模塑技术或气囊模塑技术在于用材料覆盖模具,然后加热该模具,以便与模具表面紧密接触的热塑性材料料能与该形状完全匹配,最后冷却得到模型零件。
一般而言,这些材料具有能对它们进行加工而不改变丝组合的粘结性,并且它们柔软得足以能被适当地放在模具中。
这些材料对于生产平的或弯曲的模塑制品在总体上是令人满意的。但是,当待得到零件极凹和/或形状复杂时,问题就出现了。事实上人们观察到,由于这些材料变形性能能有限,在把这些材料放在模具中时,以及在模塑过程中,这些材料易于形成褶皱,从而影响模塑零件的外观及机械性能。
使用玻璃丝或使用热塑性丝尤其可得到能模塑的无纺布,通过适当的机械处理可将其两者切断和预先展开。通常地,通过将所述的纱机械铺开和梳理或气动铺开形成一种网,然后所述的网进行植绒处理操作,其目的在于将这些丝彼此连接起来,以便达到足以能对它们进行处理的粘结性,从而得到这些无纺布。但是,植绒法导致丝与无纺布平面垂直,这样造成厚度大大增加,其后果是无纺布更加难以切割,把它放在模具中时因伸长而出现连续撕裂,由于丝之间束缚了很大体积的空气(约80-90%),起到了绝热作用,因此造成在模塑时加热不那么有效。正是由于模塑往往需要一层一层叠置的多层无纺布,所以与加热相关的缺陷更严重。
在这些织物、编织物和交织丝结构中,这些丝是规则构造的,因此它们的厚度小而密度高(束缚空气的体积低于约60%)。但是,它们在各个方向上的变形性能并不相同;尽管它们在斜向方向上能够充分拉长,但是在增强丝(经纱和纬纱)方向的变形几乎是零。在模具有强冲压件或形状复杂的位置,这些丝易于散开,因此在与这些位置相应的模塑零件部位出现了其厚度比其他部位的小,甚至完全没有增强材料或热塑性材料。在这些相同的位置,还可能观察到特别呈凹凸不平形式的表面不规则,这是由于增强材料和热塑性材料没有完全填充凸起所造成的,特别是因为这些增强纤维太紧,不能完全顺着模具的轮廓。这些缺陷是不可接受的。
本发明的目的是一种可变形毡,它适合于生产包括用纤维增强的热塑性基材的复合材料零件,其零件有强冲压件和/或复杂的形状。
本发明的另一个目的涉及能够获得所述可变形毡的方法,该方法包括适度粘结纤维步骤。
根据本发明,这种可变形毡由至少一个网(nappe)构成,该网包含至少一种增强材料和至少一种热塑性材料,这些材料呈切断丝或连续丝状,并且这些丝彼此粘结在一起,以便这种毡在各个方向上的断裂伸长率为至少50%,优选地100-150%。
“毡”在本文中应该理解是与其表面积相比厚度很小的单元,它的柔软性足以能将其放在模具内而不会形成褶皱。
本发明毡的特征还在于它是相对密实的。它的密度(compacité)是在构造的丝结构(通过缝编或热连接在一起的织物或结构)与前面所描述无纺布的之间。毡的密实性质由其孔隙度决定,其孔隙度通常是65-80%。
以下述关系式确定了毡的孔隙度:
P=100×[1-ρ(MR/ρR+1-MR+ρm)]
式中:
P是以%表示的孔隙度;
ρ是以g/cm3表示的毡密度;
ρR是以g/cm3表示的增强材料密度;
ρm是以g/cm3表示的热塑性材料的密度;
MR是增强材料的质量分数。
这种增强材料在本文中应该理解是其熔点或降解点比上述热塑性材料高的材料。一般而言,涉及为增强热塑性材料而通常使用的材料,例如玻璃、碳、芳族聚酰胺、陶瓷和植物纤维,例如亚麻、剑麻和大麻。优选地,选择玻璃。
这种热塑性材料可以是能转化成纤维的任何材料。例如,可以是聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚苯硫醚、选自聚酰胺和热塑性聚酯的聚合物,或者是具有热塑性特性的任何其他材料。
根据本发明,这种毡包括至少一种增强材料和至少一种热塑性材料,这些材料中的一种和/或另一种能够呈连续丝或切断丝状。这些丝可以完全或部分地由包含一种或多种增强材料的丝和由一种或多种热塑性材料构成的丝构成。优选地,这些丝由增强材料细丝和热塑性材料细丝构成,例如同时将其中一种材料丝和另一种材料丝合并与缠绕所得到的混合丝,或者由一种或多种增强材料细丝和一种或多种热塑性材料细丝充分混合的细丝构成的共混丝。
有利地,这种毡的丝至少50重量%,优选地至少80重量%,特别优选地100重量%由共混丝构成。
还优选地,这些共混丝由玻璃细丝和热塑性有机材料细丝,优选地聚丙烯细丝构成。
有利地,在共混丝构成部分中的这些细丝在这种丝内有均匀的分布。例如在专利EP-A-0 599 695、EP-A-0 616 055和FR-A-2 815 046中描述了这样一些丝的生产方法。
一般而言,这种增强材料(优选地玻璃)是至少10%可变形毡的重量,优选地30-85%,有利地40-75%可变形毡的重量。
一般地,切断丝长度小于100mm,优选地20-60mm。
可采用不同的方法将构成这种网的丝粘在一起,如下面所指出的。
可以采用包括下述这些步骤的方法得到本发明的可变形毡:
-在移动基材上放置至少一种连续丝和/或切断丝形成网,这些丝包含至少一种增强材料和至少一种热塑性材料;
-让这种网进行能使这些丝彼此粘结在一起的处理,以形成可变形毡;
以及
-收集毡。
采用已知的适当装置,例如采用通过吸入空气操作的喷丝装置,像Venturi装置,或以振动运动方式推动装置,该装置优选地放在能以恒定速度传送丝的装置下游,沿着基材移动的方向以叠置环的形式放置一根或多根连续丝。
由适合于丝性质的切割机中的卷盘,例如粗纱卷盘,加入展开或退卷的丝时,可以放置切断丝。可以使用任何类型的已知切割机,例如一种装置,其中使用呈环形放置的刀片切割这种丝,而这种丝预先缠绕在这些刀片上,然后被弹性体覆盖的压力机辊施压,或一种切割机,在安装在转子、轧刀和固定反向刀片上的刀片之间通过剪切丝操作。
使这些丝粘结的处理应该保持增强丝的完整性,以便使它们实现要求它们的增强功能。涉及“轻”粘结,这应该避免使最终的毡具有非常大的粘结性,因为这种毡在模塑操作时不再具有恰当覆盖模具内部所要求的柔软度。因此,应该有适当的处理条件,才能使毡具有要求的“可变形性”。
根据第一个优选方案,用绑扎线通过缝合将这些丝连接在一起,绑扎线比该网的丝更细,例如丝的线密度是40-300分特。这种丝可以由增强材料,例如芳族聚酰胺构成,或由热塑性有机材料,例如聚丙烯、聚酯或聚酰胺构成。优选有弹性的缝合,例如根据平丝或更好地具有固有弹性的“有织构的”丝的Malimo技术采用编织缝合。优选地,采用这种缝合-编织方法所使用的丝,在纵向方向间隔约5mm,与网的移动横向方向间隔约7mm。
根据第二个方案,采用机械处理进行连接,这种处理能够达到使构成这些丝的细丝被轻微交错,例如适度植绒或承受在压力下的喷水。
关于植绒,可以使用任何合适的装置,例如安装以垂直交替运动推动针的支架,同时让针通过该网,从而使细丝交错在一起。对于“重”产品,置于该网两侧所面对的两个支架能够有对称植绒。
通过将水喷射到置于钻孔支架上的网上,或让水在金属带上通过时,可以实现通过承受在压力下喷水的交错,同时从这种带弹回的喷水实现一些丝的适当交错。
根据第三个方案,采用电晕放电进行连接。为此,让这种网与装有承受高频和高压的针的圆柱-电极接触。这些放电使针处的热塑性有机材料发生局部熔化,因此能使这些丝彼此粘在一起,这种粘结依然足够稳定,从而使毡的柔软性保持得与模塑操作相容。使用以交替或旋转运动推动的超声波电极时也可能得到相同的结果。作为实例,使用4个针/cm2,优选地1-2个针/cm2可得到令人满意的连接,这些针的尺寸小于2mm,优选地1mm。
根据第四个方案,提供趁热发挥粘合性能的粘合剂(即热熔粘合剂)实施这个方案。一般而言,这种粘合材料的熔点低于具有最低熔点的丝的材料的熔点;它与后者在化学上也是相容的。这种粘合材料可以是液体或固体,例如粉末、薄膜或遮盖物。处理温度通常是低于具有最低熔点的丝的材料的熔点10-40℃。
粘结处理后得到的毡是柔软的,足以卷绕在支架上,例如直径可以是50-150mm的小直径管子。
此外,这种毡的表面密度至少等于700克/平方米,优选地低于4000克/平方米,有利地是1500-3000克/平方米。
因为本发明的毡是可变形的且密实的,所以它很适合于采用模塑法,特别是真空模塑或压缩模塑法,生产有强冲压和/或复杂构型的部件。
在真空模塑中,把这种毡放在未加热(即室温)模具上或模具中,然后将模具加热到高于热塑性材料熔点的温度,同时使模具内保持真空,这样进行严格意义上的模塑。在这种情况下,由于这种毡具有高的可变形能力,把毡放在这种模具中就变得特别容易:可以拉伸这种毡,使其尽可能好地与模具凸起吻合,还不损坏它,特别是不使其撕裂或形成褶皱。
在压缩模塑中,将这种毡加热到高于加入模具前的热塑性材料熔点的温度,也可以加热到温度约70-80℃,采用反模具能获得模塑零件。本发明毡的优点是很容易变形,因此保证这些丝在成品零件中均匀分布,同时还保持足够的粘结性,从而能在指定的温度下处理,不会在将其加到模具中时因重力作用而“坍塌”。
本发明的毡能够得到模塑零件,它们具有要求的厚度,没有如“洞”或表面粗糙之类的瑕疵,还具有令人完全满意的机械性能,特别是弯曲强度和冲击强度。
通过阅读下面作为说明给出的附图和实施例,将体会到本发明的其他优点和特征。
图1表示了本发明第一个实施方案的设备示意图。
图2表示了本发明第一个实施方案的另一个方案设备示意图。
图3表示了本发明第二个实施方案的设备示意图。
在图中,相同元件有相同参考号。
在图1中,来自卷盘(未显示)的共混丝1进入切割机2。切断丝3落到带4上,被送向传送带5。带4以横向交替运动方式推动,因此能够保证切断丝在整条传送带5上均匀分布。切断丝网6被带7接收,它的表面覆盖着表面针,然后加到成网机管道8中。这个管道可以配备重量计量设备(未显示),它能够控制切断丝流量。离开管道8的切断丝堆积在传送带9上,形成网10,在进入机器13之前,网10在辊11与12之间通过,在机器13处该层被缝合-编织。由运送辊15、16引导的毡15,以卷轴17的形式卷起。
在图2中,共混丝1通过切割机(未显示)所装的管道19加到箱18中。在有孔带21下面的吸气箱20保证切断丝网22保存在这个带上。
然后,网22在喷粉设备23下方通过,该喷粉设备由装有齿槽24的圆筒构成,这个齿槽24与装满热熔粘合剂粉末的贮存槽25底部相连,然后网22在振动台26上方通过,这样保证粉末渗透到网中,最终进入压延机27,该压延机由加热辊28、29构成。刀片31将形成的毡30切成片。
在图3中,来自粗丝32的共混丝1放在粗丝架(未显示)上,辊33、34引导其粗丝以恒定的速度通过运送辊35、36。
这种丝穿过Venturi型吸气装置37,这个装置将这种丝以环状投射到带21上。吸气箱20的作用有助于将环状网36保持在带21上。该网在运送辊38、39之间通过,然后进入植绒装置40中,这个装置包括带有针和孔板42的支架41,孔板用于让针穿过该网。在运送辊43、44下游,以卷轴17的形式收集毡45。
为了清楚起见,仅仅示出一条丝。但是没有超出使用多条借助上述构件引导并单独投射到带21上的丝的本发明范围。
实施例1
使用图1的设备生产可变形毡。
来自放在粗丝架上的粗丝的共混丝(Twintex,60重量%玻璃和40重量%聚丙烯,线密度:1870特),在切割机2中切成长度50mm。
在缝合-织编装置13(Malimo)用有织构的聚酯丝(线密度:167分特)将切断丝形成的网10连接起来。针织物点长度是5mm,缝合线间距7mm。这种毡卷绕在直径90mm的管上。它的平均厚度3.5mm,表面密度约1500g/m2,孔隙度等于71%。在ISO 3342-1995标准条件下测量的这种毡在任何方向上的伸长率约100%。
实施例2
用图3的装置生产可变形毡。
来自粗丝的共混丝(Twintex,60重量%玻璃和40重量%黑色聚丙烯,线密度1870特),利用Venturi喷嘴37倾斜,单独地以环状投射在带21上。采用植绒法使网36连接(穿透深度:20mm,70刺/平方厘米)。以卷轴17的形式收集得到的毡45。
所得到毡的平均厚度6.5mm,表面密度约3000g/m2,孔隙度等于69%。在实施例1的条件下测量的毡断裂伸长率等于80%。
Claims (20)
1.可变形毡,它由至少一个网构成,该网包含至少一种增强材料和至少一种热塑性材料,这些材料呈至少一种连续丝和/或切断丝状,该丝至少50重量%由由增强材料细丝和热塑性材料细丝充分混合的细丝构成的共混丝构成,这些丝彼此粘结在一起,以便这种毡在任何方向上的断裂伸长率为至少50%,该毡还具有孔隙度65-80%,且表面密度至少等于700g/m2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的毡,其特征在于所述可变形毡是用于生产模塑零件的可变形毡。
3.根据权利要求1所述的毡,其特征在于所述表面密度低于4000g/m2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的毡,其特征在于这些丝至少80%由共混丝构成。
5.根据权利要求2所述的毡,其特征在于这些共混丝由玻璃细丝和热塑性有机材料细丝构成。
6.根据权利要求2所述的毡,其特征在于所述热塑性有机材料是聚丙烯。
7.根据权利要求1-5中任一项权利要求所述的毡,其特征在于它含有至少10重量%增强材料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的毡,其特征在于它含有30-85重量%增强材料。
9.根据权利要求1-5中任一项权利要求所述的毡,其特征在于这些切断丝的长度小于100mm。
10.根据权利要求9所述的毡,其特征在于这些切断丝的长度为20-60mm。
11.根据权利要求1-5中任一项权利要求所述的毡,其特征在于它的表面密度为1500g/m2-3000g/m2.。
12.根据权利要求1-11中任一项权利要求所述可变形毡的生产方法,该方法包括下述步骤:
-在移动基材上放置至少一种连续丝和/或切断丝形成网,这些丝包含至少一种增强材料和至少一种热塑性材料,其中该丝至少50重量%由由增强材料细丝和热塑性材料细丝充分混合的细丝构成的共混丝 构成;
-让这种网进行能使这些丝彼此粘结在一起的处理,形成可变形毡;
以及
-收集可变形毡。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于使用比该网丝细的粘结丝通过缝合进行丝的粘结处理。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于粘结丝的线密度是40-300分特,和采用缝合-编织方法进行这种缝合。
15.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于采用适当植绒或承受在压力下的喷水机械地进行这种丝粘结处理。
16.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于使热塑性材料局部熔化进行这种丝粘结处理。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于采用电晕放电或采用超声波使热塑性材料局部熔化进行这种丝粘结处理。
18.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于通过提供热粘性材料进行这种丝粘结处理。
19.根据权利要求1-12中任一项权利要求所述材料在采用模塑方法生产复合材料零件中的用途。
20.根据权利要求19所述的用途,其特征在于在真空下进行模塑或以压缩方式进行模塑。
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PCT/FR2004/002825 WO2005045113A2 (fr) | 2003-11-03 | 2004-11-03 | Mat deformable a renfort fibreux pour la fabrication de composites a matrice thermoplastique |
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FR2891190B1 (fr) * | 2005-09-29 | 2007-11-09 | Chomarat Composites Soc Par Ac | Complexe de renforcement mecanique destine a etre incorpore dans une piece composite |
-
2003
- 2003-11-03 FR FR0312898A patent/FR2861749B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-11-03 CN CN2004800397326A patent/CN1902348B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-11-03 WO PCT/FR2004/002825 patent/WO2005045113A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2004-11-03 US US10/577,939 patent/US20070072505A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-11-03 DE DE112004002105.7T patent/DE112004002105B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4229397A (en) * | 1976-12-10 | 1980-10-21 | Agency Of Industrial Science & Technology | Method for forming fiber-reinforced composite material |
EP0409993A1 (en) * | 1988-12-15 | 1991-01-30 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Composite sheet for fiber-reinforced material |
US5537718A (en) * | 1992-03-27 | 1996-07-23 | Agency Of Industrial Science & Technology, Ministry Of International Trade & Industry | Method for production of material for composite article |
EP0630736A3 (en) * | 1993-05-25 | 1995-03-15 | Basf Corp | Composite articles reinforced with a fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite material. |
WO2003060218A1 (fr) * | 2002-01-16 | 2003-07-24 | Saint Gobain Vetrotex | Structure fibreuse pour la realisation de materiaux composites |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2861749A1 (fr) | 2005-05-06 |
CN1902348A (zh) | 2007-01-24 |
WO2005045113A2 (fr) | 2005-05-19 |
US20070072505A1 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
DE112004002105T5 (de) | 2006-10-19 |
FR2861749B1 (fr) | 2005-12-16 |
WO2005045113A3 (fr) | 2005-08-04 |
DE112004002105B4 (de) | 2016-01-07 |
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