CN1898859A - 一种实现噪声降低的波段转换电路的方法和装置 - Google Patents

一种实现噪声降低的波段转换电路的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1898859A
CN1898859A CNA2004800384415A CN200480038441A CN1898859A CN 1898859 A CN1898859 A CN 1898859A CN A2004800384415 A CNA2004800384415 A CN A2004800384415A CN 200480038441 A CN200480038441 A CN 200480038441A CN 1898859 A CN1898859 A CN 1898859A
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弗洛达迈·雅弗斯基
塔基德·曼库
詹姆斯·韦
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Icera Canada ULC
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Sirific Wireless ULC
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03LAUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
    • H03L7/00Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
    • H03L7/06Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
    • H03L7/08Details of the phase-locked loop
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03BGENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/02Details
    • H03B5/04Modifications of generator to compensate for variations in physical values, e.g. power supply, load, temperature
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03BGENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/08Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
    • H03B5/12Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
    • H03B5/1206Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification
    • H03B5/1212Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification the amplifier comprising a pair of transistors, wherein an output terminal of each being connected to an input terminal of the other, e.g. a cross coupled pair
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03BGENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/08Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
    • H03B5/12Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
    • H03B5/1228Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device the amplifier comprising one or more field effect transistors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03BGENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/08Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
    • H03B5/12Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
    • H03B5/1237Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator
    • H03B5/124Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising a voltage dependent capacitance
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03BGENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/08Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
    • H03B5/12Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
    • H03B5/1237Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator
    • H03B5/1293Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator having means for achieving a desired tuning characteristic, e.g. linearising the frequency characteristic across the tuning voltage range
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03LAUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
    • H03L7/00Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
    • H03L7/06Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
    • H03L7/08Details of the phase-locked loop
    • H03L7/099Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the controlled oscillator of the loop
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03BGENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B2200/00Indexing scheme relating to details of oscillators covered by H03B
    • H03B2200/006Functional aspects of oscillators
    • H03B2200/0088Reduction of noise

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Abstract

一种低相位噪声的电压控制振荡器(VCO),包括:电压源,用于向所述VCO核供应控制电压;锁相环,其具有连接到所述电压源的输入端的输出端;包括具有无噪声偏压的放大电路和具有无噪声偏压的振荡电路在内的VCO核,其具有连接到所述锁相环的输入端的输出端;以及位于所述电压源和所述VCO核之间的电容分压电路衰减器,用于降低从所述电压源到所述VCO核的相位噪声。

Description

一种实现噪声降低的波段转换电路的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明通常涉及振荡器领域。更具体地说,本发明涉及用于在无线通信应用中产生信号的电压控制振荡器(VCO)。
背景技术
VCO是一种利用放大、反馈和谐振电路来制造振荡信号,以产生重复的电压波形,从而使其输出频率和其输入电压成比例的电路。
在无线通信应用中,VCO在宽频率范围内工作。VCO通常包括振荡电路(tank circuit)和放大电路,它们的操作是公知的。这些电路的偏压(viasing)也是公知的,而且在佩珂汉姆(Peckham)等人的美国专利No 6,674,333中有说明,该专利说明了一种在不同频率波段内操作波段可变VCO的方法。在典型的波段转换电路中,放大器的偏压或振荡电路的偏压会引入噪声,这导致在VCO的输出中存在相位噪声。
因此,有必要提供一种实现噪声降低的波段转换电路的方法和装置。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于消除或减轻先前的压控振荡器电路的至少一个缺陷。
一方面,本发明提供了一种低相位噪声的VCO,包括:电压源,用于向所述VCO核供应控制电压;锁相环,其具有连接到所述电压源的输入端的输出端;包括放大电路和振荡电路在内的VCO核,其具有连接到所述锁相环的输入端的输出端;位于所述电压源和所述VCO核之间的电容分压电路衰减器,用于降低从所述电压源到所述VCO核的噪声,以降低所述电压源的频率变动。
在进一步的实施例中,提供了一种降低VCO的噪声的方法,包括步骤:提供经衰减的电压到包括放大电路和振荡电路在内的VCO核;以及通过包括放大开关在内的放大偏压电路偏压所述放大电路,并通过包括振荡开关在内的振荡偏压电路偏压所述振荡电路,以降低所述VCO核的输出中的噪声。
对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,本发明的其它方面和特征,将通过结合附图参照如下对本发明具体实施例的说明而变得清楚。
附图说明
现在,参照附图,仅以示例的方式说明本发明的实施例,附图包括:
图1是现有技术中典型的VCO的框图;
图2是典型的VCO的频率与电压比的图;
图3是VCO的总体结构的框图;
图4是本发明中VCO的频率与电压比的图;
图5是衰减器第一实施例的图;
图6是衰减器第二实施例的图;
图6a是示出图6的衰减器的输入电压与输出电压之间关系的图;
图7是衰减器第三实施例的图;
图8是偏压控制电路、放大偏压电路和VCO核的图;
图8a是示出给图8的装置的一组控制信号的图;和
图9是偏压控制电路、振荡偏压电路和VCO核的图。
具体实施方式
总体上,本发明提供了一种实现噪声降低的波段转换电路的方法和装置。
参见图1,示出了现有技术中VCO的示意图。该VCO 10包括连接到放大偏压电路14和振荡偏压电路16的偏压控制器12。电压源18和数字控制器20与放大偏压电路14和振荡偏压电路16一起连接到VCO核22。VCO核22包括放大器24和振荡器26。来自放大器24的输出和来自振荡器26的输出,作为输出电压28进行传送。
图2提供了在VCO 10工作时输出电压28相对于频率的图30。
参见图3,示出了一种实现低噪声波段转换电路的装置。该装置针对在无线射频(RF)应用中产生信号的VCO。该装置或VCO 50包括连接到放大偏压电路54和振荡偏压电路56的偏压控制器52。这两个偏压电路54和56,与由衰减器60进行衰减的电压源58一起连接到VCO核62。该VCO核62包括放大器或放大电路64以及振荡器或振荡电路66,该VCO核62使其输出连接到锁相环(PLL)68,该锁相环68连接到电压源58的输入。在VCO核62内,放大电路64与振荡电路66连接,且放大电路64被放大器偏压54偏压,而振荡电路66被振荡偏压56偏压。
在工作中,电压源58为VCO核62的振荡电路66产生输入电压。同时,偏压控制器12发送第一组控制信号给放大偏压电路54,并发送第二组控制信号给振荡偏压电路56。
在输入电压已被产生后,其在传送到振荡电路66之前首先传送到衰减器60。当输入电压被衰减时,放大偏压电路54和振荡偏压电路56通过提供无噪声的偏压来控制放大器电路64和振荡器电路66的工作,下文中会说明这一点。衰减后的输入电压和无噪声的偏压的组合,使得输出也是无噪声的,从而得到更纯净的输出信号。图4所示输出信号的示例,示出了输出频率(fout)与输出电压(Vout)相比的衰减结果。
随着衰减,fout相对于电压源的斜率或kvco降低,因此不管电压源如何变化fout的变化都很小。较小的kvco使得相位噪声降低,正如下式所示:
Figure A20048003844100071
由此,输入电压的衰减为振荡电路提供了降低的噪声信号,并进一步使得VCO核的输出在噪声上有所降低。
参见图5,所示衰减器60的第一实施例采用电容分压器形式。衰减器60包括在下面的公式中以C1表示的第一电容器70,第一电容器70与在下面的公式中以C2表示的第二电容器72串联地连接到地74。衰减器60还包括开关71。第一电容器70从电压源58接收输入(Vin),并且衰减器60的输出(Vout)80进入到VCO核62中的振荡电路66。衰减器60的输出80位于第一电容器70和第二电容器72之间。该电容分压器将输入电压衰减到:
Vout=αVin
其中, α = C 1 C 1 + C 2
当输入电压被传送时,锁相环68开始工作,并且开关71闭合(位于选通ON状态),产生通道以便将第二电容器72充电到输入电压(Vin)的值。在锁相环68已经能够锁相之后,该电容分压器被视作处于使能状态,因此在A点仅能获得小环路增益,这可使电压信号的噪声降低,并进而减少由噪声带来的频率变动。原因在于,输入电压的直流(DC)部分相对稳定,而输入电压的交流(AC)部分已经被衰减,这使得来自输入电压的噪声也被衰减,进而降低了由噪声带来的频率变动。
衰减器的输出80连接到振荡电路,并用来调整或控制给振荡电路66的电压。如图9所示,衰减器的输出连接在一对变容二极管108之间。
图6示出了衰减器60的可替换实施例。在该实施例中,除增加二极管80之外,该衰减器60与图5的实施例相似。优选地,二极管80被正向偏压。而且,衰减器60的输出81还通过开关79反馈到负锁相环83中的衰减器的输入Vin。该反馈环可修正输入电压的任何变化,以便将Vout拉回到预期电压。由于漏电通路阻抗(由电阻器78所提供的通道)所导致的充电损失,也可由反馈环83和二极管80进行修正。
当输入电压被传送时,开关79闭合(处于ON状态),产生通道以便将第二电容器72充电到输入电压(Vin)的值。在第二电容器72达到Vin的值之后,该电容分压器被视作处于使能状态,因此,在A点仅能获得小环路增益,这可使噪声带来的频率变动降低。
图6a示出了随时间变化的输入电压Vin与输出电压Vout的对比。由于负反馈环83,当Vin变动到5伏特(V)时,电容分压公式决定了Vout增加到2.5V,随后Vout被反馈回,这可修正电压源推动的Vin,使其降回到1V。
图7示出了衰减器60进一步的实施例。在该实施例中,衰减器60包括双电容分压器。衰减器60从电压源58接收输入(Vin),并包括与第二电容器84和地86串联地连接的第一电容器82。第一电容器82还通过串联地连接的第三电容器88和第四电容器90连接到地86。第三电容器88和第四电容器90与第二电容器84是并联的。电容器82、84、88和90与正向偏压二极管92是并联的。正如图中进一步显示的,第一电容分压器被第二电容分压器分压,使得第一电容器82和第二电容器84被第三电容器88和第四电容器90分压。第一电容器82和第三电容器88与正向偏压二极管92是并联的。
衰减器60还包括一对开关94和96,用于在锁相环68试图锁相的初始化阶段内协助电容器充电。
输出电压Vout按照下式进行衰减:
Vout=αVin
其中, α = ( C 1 C 1 + C 2 ) ( C 3 C 3 + C 4 )
与电压源58直接连接到振荡电路66相比,衰减器的衰减输出能够提供给振荡电路66更低噪声的输入电压,这是由于双电容分压器降低了α的值,从而降低了电路的相位噪声。
参见图8,示出了VCO 50的一部分的示意图。偏压控制器52连接到放大偏压电路54,放大偏压电路54连接到VCO核62的放大电路64。放大电路64的工作和内容对本领域技术人员来说是公知的。
放大偏压电路54包括放大偏压电压源102以及一对由偏压控制器52控制的开关100。偏压控制器52还控制放大偏压电压源102。为向放大电路64提供无噪声偏压,当偏压控制器52检测到逻辑高(表示VCO 10的加电状态)时,第一组控制信号将发送到放大偏压电路54和放大偏压电压源102,该组控制信号分别包括放大器开关控制信号和V偏压放大控制信号。
收到放大器开关控制信号之后,放大偏压电路54中的开关100闭合,并且在收到V偏压放大控制信号之后,偏压电压源102开启。放大偏压电压源102通过开关100充电,以便向放大电路64提供输出电压。经预定时间段之后,偏压控制器52向放大偏压电路54发送信号以打开开关100。这些都发生在开关100的输出电压已经达到预定值之后。
通过在达到预定电压之后开启开关100,从开关100输送到放大电路64的电压可视为无噪声的,这是因为在放大偏压电压源102和放大电路64之间没有直接连接。因此,VCO核62可在无噪声偏压的状态下工作。图8a示出了一个采样时序图。
参见图9,示出了VCO核、振荡偏压电路和偏压控制器的示意图。偏压控制器52连接到振荡偏压电路56,振荡偏压电路56连接到VCO核62的振荡电路66。振荡电路64的工作和内容对本领域技术人员来说是公知的。
与放大偏压电路一样,振荡偏压电路56包括一对开关104,这对开关由偏压控制器52通过包括振荡开关控制信号在内的第二组控制信号进行控制。振荡偏压电压源106由发送自偏压控制器52的V偏压振荡控制控制信号来控制。振荡偏压电路56的工作类似于图8所示放大偏压电路54的工作。
由于本发明的衰减器所需部件的尺寸和成本,应理解这些衰减器对于在集成电路中的使用来说是有益的。
提供给VCO核的衰减电压和偏压控制电压,提供了噪声降低的波段转换电路。
上述实施例仅用于示范。在不背离由所附权利要求唯一限定的本发明范围的前提下,本领域技术人员可对特定实施例进行替换、修改和变动。

Claims (20)

1.一种低相位噪声的电压控制振荡器VCO,包括:
电压源,用于向所述VCO核供应控制电压;
锁相环,其具有连接到所述电压源的输入端的输出端;
包括放大电路和振荡电路在内的VCO核,其具有连接到所述锁相环的输入端的输出端;
位于所述电压源和所述VCO核之间的电容分压电路衰减器,用于降低从所述电压源到所述VCO核的噪声,以降低所述电压源的频率变动。
2、如权利要求1所述低相位噪声的VCO,其中所述衰减器包括:
包括第一电容器和第二电容器在内的容性分压电路。
3、如权利要求2所述低相位噪声的VCO,其中所述衰减器进一步包括:
寄生漏电通路。
4、如权利要求3所述低相位噪声的VCO,进一步包括:
连接到所述容性分压电路的二极管。
5、如权利要求4所述低相位噪声的VCO,其中所述二极管并联地连接到所述第一电容器。
6、如权利要求4所述低相位噪声的VCO,其中所述二极管被正向偏压。
7、如权利要求5所述低相位噪声的VCO,进一步包括:
将所述衰减器的输出端连接到所述衰减器的输入端的反馈环。
8、如权利要求7所述低相位噪声的VCO,其中所述衰减器进一步包括:
位于所述第二电容器两端的第二容性分压器。
9、如权利要求1所述低相位噪声的VCO,进一步包括:
连接到所述放大电路的放大偏压电路;和
连接到所述振荡电路的振荡偏压电路;
其中所述放大偏压电路控制所述放大电路的偏压且所述振荡偏压电路控制所述振荡电路的偏压。
10、如权利要求9所述低相位噪声的VCO,进一步包括连接到所述放大偏压电路和所述振荡偏压电路用以控制所述放大偏压电路和所述振荡偏压电路的偏压控制器。
11、如权利要求9所述低相位噪声的VCO,其中所述放大偏置电路进一步包括:
放大偏压电压源;以及
由所述偏压控制器打开和闭合的一对开关;
其中当所述开关打开时,所述开关为从所述放大偏压电压源到所述放大电路的电压提供通路,并且当所述开关闭合时,所述放大偏压电压源从所述放大电路上断开。
12、如权利要求9所述低相位噪声的VCO,所述振荡偏压电路进一步包括:
振荡偏压电压源;以及
由所述偏压控制器打开和闭合的一对开关;
其中当所述开关打开时,所述开关为从所述振荡偏压电压源到所述振荡电路的电压提供通路,并且当所述开关闭合时,所述振荡偏压电压源从所述振荡电路上断开。
13、一种降低VCO中的噪声的方法,包括:
提供经衰减的电压到包括放大电路和振荡电路在内的VCO核;以及
通过包括放大开关在内的放大偏压电路偏压所述放大电路,并通过包括振荡开关在内的振荡偏压电路偏压所述振荡电路,以降低所述VCO核的输出中的噪声。
14、如权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述偏压步骤包括:
传送闭合放大开关信号到所述放大开关;
闭合所述放大开关;
通过所述闭合的放大开关从偏压电压源向所述放大电路传输电压;以及
在预定时间之后打开所述放大开关,以便从所述偏压电压源上断开所述放大电路,从而降低从所述偏压电压源供应到所述放大电路的噪声。
15、如权利要求14所述的方法,在打开所述放大开关的步骤之前,进一步包括:
传送打开放大开关信号到所述放大开关。
16、如权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述偏压步骤包括:
传送闭合振荡开关信号到所述振荡开关;
闭合所述振荡开关;
通过所述闭合的振荡开关从偏压电压源向所述振荡电路传输电压;以及
在预定时间之后打开所述振荡开关,以便从所述偏压电压源上断开所述振荡电路,从而降低从所述偏压电压源供应到所述振荡电路的噪声。
17、如权利要求16所述的方法,在所述打开振荡开关的步骤之前进一步包括:
传送打开振荡开关信号到所述振荡开关。
18、如权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述提供经衰减的电压的步骤包括:
从电压源接收输入电压;
对所述输入电压进行容性分压;以及
传输经衰减的电压到所述VCO核。
19、如权利要求18所述的方法,其中所述提供经衰减的电压的步骤进一步包括:
在反馈环中传输所述经衰减的电压到所述输入电压。
20、如权利要求18所述的方法,其中在所述传输经衰减的电压的步骤之前,所述提供经衰减的电压的步骤进一步包括:
对从所述对输入电压进行容性分压的步骤中得到的电压进行容性分压。
CNA2004800384415A 2003-12-23 2004-12-22 一种实现噪声降低的波段转换电路的方法和装置 Pending CN1898859A (zh)

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CN101904115B (zh) * 2007-11-13 2014-10-22 光电波股份有限公司 基于光子技术及具有低相位噪声的互相关零差检测
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EP1698045A4 (en) 2007-06-06
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