CN1898315A - 半互穿聚合物网络组合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了新型组合物,其包含交联的水溶性碱性多糖衍生物的半互穿网络和未交联成分,所述未交联成分为阴离子多糖。本发明还公开了该组合物的制备方法。优选地,该碱性多糖是壳聚糖或其衍生物,该阴离子多糖是透明质酸。该组合物可以制成例如凝胶或薄膜,从而在皮肤病学、整形手术、泌尿学以及整形外科等领域有广泛的医学用途。
Description
本发明涉及水凝胶组合物,该组合物包括形成半互穿网络(semiinterpenetrating networks)的交联的碱性多糖,其中该碱性多糖在酸性多糖的存在下进行交联。该碱性多糖尤其是壳聚糖或其衍生物,该酸性多糖尤其是透明质酸(HA)或其衍生物。
生物相容的多糖化合物被广泛地用于生物医学领域。为了延长体内滞留期,经常利用化学手段修饰这些化合物而形成聚合物网络,例如通常是采用交联的方式形成。
透明质酸(HA)是最广泛使用的医用生物相容聚合物之一。由于它与所有脊椎动物中自然存在的分子具有相同的化学成分,普遍认为透明质酸是没有副作用的。透明质酸是结缔组织非常重要的成分,由于它出色的生物相容性,人们试图通过其羟基和羧基部分交联该分子,然而,交联会改变该聚合物的化学结构,例如当被用于软组织充填时,结缔组织中暴露于非正常存在的透明质酸聚合物网络的细胞的发育、迁移和增殖都会受到这种环境的影响。
科学文献中越来越多的证据表明外源摄入的天然透明质酸会刺激内源的透明质酸的合成,因此,可以推测包括生物聚合物网络的生物材料,其体内的滞留期可以改变,同时可以长时间运载天然的非化学修饰结构的外源透明质酸,其在诸多生物医学领域中具有优于交联的透明质酸的潜在优势。可以进一步推测,如果将天然胞外基质的其他多糖成分比如软骨素,皮肤素和角蛋白的硫酸盐引入该聚合物网络中,这样的生物材料可以用于模拟胞外基质。
壳聚糖,是具有氨基的碱性多糖,生物聚合物几丁质的衍生物,据科学文献报道,它具有出色的生物相容性和诸多生物医学方面的应用。
美国专利号5,977,330公开了交联的N-取代壳聚糖衍生物,其中用带羧酸的羟酰基化合物取代,然后用聚环氧化合物交联。没有用这些交联的衍生物定义半互穿聚合物网络。
美国专利号6,379,702公开了壳聚糖和亲水的聚(N-乙烯基内酰胺)的混合物。该文件没有公开任何壳聚糖的交联或半互穿聚合物网络的形成。
美国专利号6,224,893公开了形成半互穿或互穿聚合物网络的组合物,该网络用于药物输送和人造组织(tissue engineering)中,该半互穿聚合物网络由合成的和/或天然的聚合物和光引发剂所制备,其中交联反应由电磁辐射产生的自由基引发。
美国专利号5,644,049公开了一种包括互穿聚合物网络的生物材料,其中,一个成分酸性多糖与另一个成分合成的化学聚合物交联,形成无限网络(infinite network)。没有公开酸性多糖与碱性多糖的交联。
美国专利号5,620,706公开了一种具有黄原胶和壳聚糖的聚离子络合物的生物材料,用于胶囊化和生物活性物质的控释中。没有公开碱性多糖与酸性多糖的共价交联。
Berger等人在European Journal of Pharmaceutics andBiopharmaceutics,57(2004),19-34中论述了交联的壳聚糖水凝胶的各种结构,其中包括半互穿聚合物网络。
我们开发了新型的生物材料,该生物材料基于在阴离子的存在下使阳离子多糖衍生物发生交联而形成的半互穿聚合物网络,形成的条件是能避免这两种聚合物之间形成离子配合物,且随后可以从该交联的网络中释放该阴离子。
因此,在第一方面,本发明提供了一种由半互穿聚合物网络和未交联成分组成的组合物,所述半互穿聚合物网络包括具有一级和/或二级氨基的至少一种交联的水溶性碱性多糖衍生物,所述未交联成分包括至少一种阴离子多糖,其中该阴离子多糖存留于半互穿聚合物网络中。
半互穿聚合物网络是至少两种聚合物的结合,在另一种聚合物的存在下,但不与之发生交联的情况下,通过共价键合使聚合物的至少一种发生交联,且网络中至少具有一种聚合物作为直链或支链的未交联聚合物。
在本发明的上下文中,碱性阳离子多糖至少包含一种能够通过电离作用形成阳离子的官能团,比如质子化的氨基;酸性阴离子多糖至少包含一种能够通过电离作用形成阴离子的官能团,例如羧酸根或硫酸根离子。
本发明的组合物可以用作生物材料,可以制成例如水凝胶的形式,从而可模拟胞外基质。
在本发明的一个实施例中,该水溶性碱性多糖的衍生物为壳聚糖的衍生物,尤其是N-羧基甲基壳聚糖(N-Carboxy methyl chitosan)、O-羧基甲基壳聚糖(O-Carboxy methyl chitosan)或O-羟基乙基壳聚糖(O-Hydroxy ethylchitosan)或部分N-乙酰化的壳聚糖(partially N-acetylated chitosan)。部分N-乙酰化的壳聚糖可通过几丁质的部分脱乙酰化或壳聚糖的再乙酰化而制得。无论何种制备方式,在一个实施例中,部分N-乙酰化的壳聚糖的乙酰化度为45%至55%。
在另一个优选的实施例中,该未交联成分为透明质酸。另外,还可以包括胞外基质的其他阴离子多糖成分。
该组合物的交联成分可以用交联剂交联,例如交联剂为二环氧甘油醚,二异氰酸酯或醛类。尤其是,可以用1,4-丁二醇缩水甘油醚(BDDE)。BDDE分子任一端的环氧环和壳聚糖链上的反应性氨基发生亲核反应,随后环氧环开环,如“Chitin in Nature and Technology”,R.A.Muzarelli,C.Jeuniaux and G.W.Godday,Plenum Press,New York,1986,p303.中所描述。
本发明的组合物可制成薄膜、海绵、水凝胶、线或无纺基质。
在第二方面,本发明提供了制备本发明组合物的方法,该方法包括在至少一种阴离子多糖的存在下交联至少一种具有一级和/或二级氨基的水溶性碱性多糖衍生物,该条件下,避免了碱性多糖的一级或二级胺的质子化和水溶性阴离子多糖上其他官能团发生反应。
如上所述,本发明的组合物可以制成各种形式的医用生物材料,例如可制备可注射的水凝胶:
形成具有一级和/或二级氨基的水溶性碱性多糖衍生物的水溶液,加入水溶性阴离子多糖。之后在含多官能团的交联剂的存在下引发碱性多糖衍生物的交联,反应条件基本中性,其仅使一级胺或取代的胺发生交联而将阴离子多糖留在交联的聚合物网络中。
制备水溶性薄膜:
形成具有一级和/或二级氨基的水溶性碱性多糖衍生物的水溶液,加入水溶性阴离子多糖。之后加入含多官能团的交联剂,蒸干混合物使交联反应发生。
壳聚糖被酸质子化后可以溶解在水溶液中。聚合物因此带正电且会和带负电的诸如透明质酸或其他聚阴离子的物质发生反应。本发明的目的是生成半互穿聚合物网络,所以这样的离子络合物必须避免。
因此,壳聚糖必须以阴离子聚电解质或非离子聚合物的形式溶解在中性或弱碱性介质中。如所述的,合适的衍生物包括N-羧基甲基壳聚糖、O-羧基甲基壳聚糖或O-羟基乙基壳聚糖或部分N-乙酰化的壳聚糖。在一个优选的实施例中,使用的是约50%的再乙酰化的壳聚糖,因为它可以溶解在中性介质中而不引起氨基质子化。在另一个优选的实施例中,为获得水溶性,再乙酰化壳聚糖的乙酰化度为45%至55%。
在含多官能团交联剂参与下的交联反应通常是在中性或弱碱性条件下发生,pH范围为7至8,这样可基本上保证只有碱性多糖的一级或二级氨基与交联剂发生反应。因此,可以避免阴离子多糖的交联或酸碱聚合物之间的交联。交联度可以通过改变碱性多糖与交联剂的摩尔比来控制,由此可改变/更改被缚阴离子多糖的释放特征,以适应各种特定的生物医学用途。
交联反应通常在pH7左右发生,优选在pH6.8至8之间发生。
在第三方面,本发明提供了一种包括本发明组合物的生物材料。
在第四方面,本发明提供了本发明组合物或生物材料的医学用途。
在第五方面,本发明提供了本发明组合物在制备生物材料方面的用途。特别是用于皮肤病学,整形手术,泌尿学以及整形外科领域的生物材料。
这样的生物材料可以制成薄膜、海绵、水凝胶、线或无纺基质;
本发明各方面的优选方案已作必要的修正。
以下将参照实施例对本发明进行描述,这些实施例只是用于对本发明进行举例说明而不应理解为任何形式上的限定。
实施例
相对下面的实施例,用HA和BDDE做了对照实验,条件与制备所有凝胶相同,仅仅没有壳聚糖。证明HA与BDDE在50℃保温3小时后没有凝胶生成。因此我们可以断定,在semi IPN的制备条件下,HA对于凝胶的形成没有贡献,被缚在交联的壳聚糖基质中仍为线性未交联聚合物。
下面实施例制备的凝胶和薄膜的吸水力(Q)通过下面方程计算:
Q%=(聚合物总湿重-聚合物总干重)x100/交联的聚合物干重
实施例1-凝胶
将鱿鱼鞘壳聚糖制备的再乙酰化的壳聚糖(2g,DDA%=54%,Mv=680,000g/mol)与去离子水水合形成聚合物最终质量浓度为5%的溶液。将HA(2g,Hyaltech Ltd发酵制得)溶解在水中得到聚合物最终质量浓度5%的溶液。两溶液冷却过夜以溶解聚合物。然后两聚合物溶液在高剪切混合器中混合,将BDDE(2.5g,Sigma)加到聚合物混合物中,并用机械搅拌器搅拌。在轻度搅拌下,溶液在50℃水浴中交联3小时。生成的凝胶浸在去离子水中,膨胀到重量恒定,这期间换4-5次水以除去剩余的未反应交联剂。该凝胶的吸水力为9654%,每种聚合物的浓度为10mg/mL。用高剪切混合器均化样品使得凝胶可以用30G针头的注射器注射。平均粒度(D4,3)为302μm。用频率0.01-10Hz的振荡剪切测得样品的G’弹性模量值为500至600Pa。体外试验监测HA从凝胶中长期释放的情况。在溶菌酶参与下进行同样的实验。结果如下:
时间 | %HA释放量 |
0天 | 0.00% |
3天 | 1.66% |
8天 | 1.57% |
11天 | 0.90% |
14天 | 0.95% |
18天 | 1.25% |
21天 | 1.38% |
28天 | 1.5% |
溶菌酶 | |
0天 | 0% |
7天之后 | 1.84% |
13天之后 | 6.63% |
18天之后 | 12.9% |
25天之后 | 16.2% |
实施例2-凝胶
将鱿鱼鞘壳聚糖制备的再乙酰化的壳聚糖(2g,DDA%=54%,MV=680,000g/mol)与去离子水水合形成聚合物最终质量浓度为5%的溶液。将HA(1g,Hyaltech Ltd发酵制得)溶解在水中形成聚合物最终质量浓度为5%的溶液。两溶液冷却过夜以溶解聚合物。然后两聚合物溶液在高剪切混合器中混合,将BDDE(2.5g,Sigma)加到聚合物混合物中并用机械搅拌器搅拌。在搅拌下,溶液在50℃水浴中交联3小时。生成的凝胶随后浸在去离子水中,膨胀到重量恒定,这期间换4-5次水以除去剩余的未反应交联剂。该凝胶的吸水力为4551%,再乙酰化的壳聚糖浓度为22mg/mL,HA浓度为12mg/mL。用高剪切混合器均化样品使得凝胶可以用30G针头的注射器注射。平均粒度(D4,3)为255μm。用频率0.01-10Hz的振荡剪切测得样品的G’弹性模量值为2000到3000Pa。体外试验监测HA从凝胶中长期释放的情况。在溶菌酶参与下进行同样的实验。结果如下:
时间 | %HA释放量 |
0天 | 0% |
3天 | 0.014% |
8天 | 0.0077% |
11天 | 0.088% |
14天 | 0.1599% |
18天 | 0.337% |
21天 | 0.553% |
28天 | 0.99% |
溶菌酶 | |
0天 | 0% |
7天之后 | TLTD |
13天之后 | 0.22% |
18天之后 | 0.35% |
25天之后 | 0.53% |
实施例3-凝胶
将对虾壳聚糖制备的再乙酰化的壳聚糖(2g,DDA%=54%,Mw=750,000g/mol)与去离子水水合形成聚合物最终质量浓度为5%的溶液。将HA(2g,Hyaltech Ltd发酵制得)溶解在水中形成聚合物最终质量浓度为5%的溶液。两溶液冷却过夜以溶解聚合物。然后两聚合物溶液在高剪切混合器中混合,将BDDE(1.7g,Fluka)加到聚合物混合物中并用机械搅拌器搅拌。在温和搅拌下,溶液在50℃水浴中交联3小时。生成的凝胶随后浸在去离子水中,膨胀到重量恒定,这期间换4-5次水以除去剩余的未反应交联剂。该凝胶的吸水力为12652%,再乙酰化的壳聚糖浓度为7.9mg/mL,HA浓度为7.5mg/mL。当将该凝胶在磷酸盐缓冲生理盐水(PBS)中膨胀时,RAC(再乙酰化的壳聚糖)和HA的最终浓度分别为13.54mg/mL和12.75mg/mL。用高剪切混合器均化在水中膨胀的凝胶样品,使得凝胶可以用30G针头的注射器注射。平均粒度(D4,3)为451μm。用频率0.01-10Hz的振荡剪切测得样品的G’弹性模量值为1000Pa。体外试验监测HA从凝胶中长期释放的情况。在溶菌酶参与下进行同样的实验。结果如下:
时间 | %HA释放量 |
0天 | 0% |
5天 | 0.75% |
8天 | 0.78% |
11天 | 0.78% |
15天 | 0.82% |
18天 | 0.95% |
25天 | 1.36% |
溶菌酶 | |
0天 | 0% |
7天之后 | 0.91% |
13天之后 | 1.41% |
18天之后 | 1.77% |
25天之后 | 2.4% |
实施例4-凝胶
将O-羟基乙基壳聚糖(1g,Sigma)与去离子水水合形成聚合物最终质量浓度为5%的溶液。将HA(1g,Hyaltech Ltd发酵制得)溶解在水中形成聚合物最终质量浓度为5%的溶液。两溶液冷却过夜以溶解聚合物。然后两聚合物溶液在高剪切混合器中混合,将BDDE(1.5g,Fluka)加到聚合物混合物中并用机械搅拌器搅拌。在轻度搅拌下,溶液在50℃水浴中交联3小时。生成的凝胶随后浸在去离子水中,膨胀到重量恒定,这期间换4-5次水以除去剩余的未反应交联剂。该凝胶的吸水力为8525%,O-羟基乙基壳聚糖的最终浓度为11.7mg/mL,HA的最终浓度为12.7mg/mL。用高剪切混合器均化样品使得凝胶可以用30G针头的注射器注射。平均粒度(D4,3)为205μm。用频率0.01-10Hz的振荡剪切测得样品的G’弹性模量值为1000至2000Pa。
实施例5-凝胶
将N-羧基甲基壳聚糖(0.6g,DDA%=85%,Heppe Ltd)与去离子水水合形成聚合物最终质量浓度为5%的溶液。将HA(0.6g,Hyaltech Ltd发酵制得)溶解在水中形成聚合物最终质量浓度为5%的溶液。两溶液冷却过夜以溶解聚合物。然后两聚合物溶液在高剪切混合器中混合,将BDDE(0.96g,Fluka)加到聚合物混合物中并用机械搅拌器搅拌。在搅拌下,溶液在50℃水浴中交联8小时。生成的凝胶随后浸在去离子水中,膨胀到重量恒定,这期间换4-5次水以除去剩余的未反应交联剂。该凝胶的吸水力为9464%,两聚合物的最终浓度均为11mg/mL。用高剪切混合器均化样品使得凝胶可以用30G针头的注射器注射。平均粒度(D4,3)为218μm。用频率0.01-10Hz的振荡剪切测得样品的G’弹性模量值为600至900Pa。当该凝胶在磷酸盐缓冲生理盐水(PBS)中膨胀时,N-羧基甲基壳聚糖和HA的最终浓度分别为38mg/mL和39mg/mL。
实施例6-凝胶
将由鱿鱼鞘壳聚糖制备的再乙酰化的壳聚糖(1.9g,DDA%=54%,Mv=680,000g/mol)与去离子水水合形成聚合物最终质量浓度为5%的溶液。将HA(1.9g,Hyaltech Ltd发酵制得)溶解在水中形成聚合物最终质量浓度为5%的溶液。两溶液冷却过夜以溶解聚合物。然后两聚合物溶液在高剪切混合器中混合,将BDDE(0.7g,Fluka)加到聚合物混合物中并用机械搅拌器搅拌。在轻度搅拌下,溶液在50℃水浴中交联7.5小时。生成的凝胶浸在去离子水中,膨胀2-3天直到重量恒定,这期间换4-5次水以除去剩余的未反应交联剂。该凝胶的吸水力为7995%,每种聚合物的浓度为12.5mg/mL。用高剪切混合器均化样品使得凝胶可以用30G针头的注射器注射。平均粒度(D4,3)为403μm。用频率0.01-10Hz的振荡剪切测得样品的G’弹性模量值为500到800Pa。
实施例7-薄膜
将O-羟基乙基壳聚糖(0.2g)在去离子水(15mL)中水化。向O-羟基乙基壳聚糖溶液中加入HA(0.1g),搅拌直到HA溶解。向该聚合物混合物中搅拌加入BDDE(0.2g,Sigma)。将溶液转移到培养皿中,蒸发18小时形成交联薄膜。然后将薄膜浸在去离子水中膨胀。该薄膜的吸水力为151%,得到的O-羟基乙基壳聚糖浓度为660mg/mL,HA浓度为388mg/mL。48小时后在膨胀水中检测[HA],结果有9.38%的HA被释放。将该薄膜再在膨胀水中放置96小时后,没有检测到有HA进一步释放。
实施例8-薄膜
将再乙酰化壳聚糖(0.5g)与去离子水(15mL)水合得到浓度2%的溶液。将HA(0.5g,Hyaltech Ltd发酵制得)溶解在去离子水中形成浓度2%的溶液,使两溶液冷却过夜以充分溶解。使两溶液混合,且加入BDDE(0.3g,Fluka)。将聚合物混合物倒到培养皿中,在室温下慢慢将水蒸发过夜形成交联薄膜。将薄膜浸在去离子水中膨胀2天。该薄膜的吸水力为258%,对应HA浓度为383mg/mL,再乙酰化壳聚糖浓度为387mg/mL。膨胀后,0.45%HA从薄膜中释放。再过4天后,没有检测到有HA进一步释放。
Claims (14)
1.一种由半互穿聚合物网络和未交联成分组成的组合物,所述半互穿聚合物网络包括具有一级和/或二级氨基的至少一种交联的水溶性碱性多糖衍生物,所述未交联成分包括至少一种阴离子多糖,其中该阴离子多糖存留于半互穿聚合物网络中。
2.权利要求1所述的组合物,其中水溶性碱性多糖为壳聚糖或其衍生物。
3.权利要求2所述的组合物,其中碱性多糖为脱乙酰化的几丁质、再乙酰化的壳聚糖、N-羧基甲基壳聚糖、O-羧基甲基壳聚糖或O-羟基乙基壳聚糖。
4.权利要求3所述的组合物,其中部分N-乙酰化的壳聚糖的乙酰度为45%至55%。
5.权利要求1-4中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述未交联成分为透明质酸。
6.权利要求1-5中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述组合物还可以包括胞外基质的一种或其他种阴离子多糖成分。
7.一种制备权利要求1-6中任一项所述的组合物的方法,该方法包括在至少一种阴离子多糖的存在下使具有一级和/或二级氨基的至少一种水溶性碱性多糖衍生物发生交联,该条件下,避免了碱性多糖的一级或二级氨基发生质子化以及避免了阴离子多糖上的羟基或其他任何官能团发生反应。
8.权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述交联反应通常在中性或弱碱性条件下发生,pH范围为7至8。
9.权利要求8所述的方法,其中该交联反应在pH7左右发生。
10.一种包括权利要求1-6中任一项所述的组合物的生物材料。
11.权利要求1-6中任一项所述的组合物或权利要求10所述的生物材料的医学用途。
12.权利要求1-6中任一项所述的组合物在制备生物材料中的应用。
13.权利要求12所述的应用,其中所述生物材料用于皮肤病学,整形手术,泌尿学以及整形外科领域。
14.权利要求13所述的用途,其中生物材料可以制成薄膜、海绵、水凝胶、线或无纺基质。
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PCT/GB2004/005443 WO2005061611A1 (en) | 2003-12-23 | 2004-12-22 | Compositions of semi-interpenetrating polymer network |
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EP (1) | EP1704182A1 (zh) |
JP (2) | JP2007516333A (zh) |
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AU (1) | AU2004303599B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0417974A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2550906A1 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB0329907D0 (zh) |
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2003
- 2003-12-23 GB GBGB0329907.0A patent/GB0329907D0/en not_active Ceased
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2004
- 2004-12-22 AU AU2004303599A patent/AU2004303599B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-12-22 EP EP04806237A patent/EP1704182A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-12-22 CN CN2004800386904A patent/CN1898315B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-12-22 US US10/583,888 patent/US20070197754A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-12-22 BR BRPI0417974-9A patent/BRPI0417974A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-12-22 WO PCT/GB2004/005443 patent/WO2005061611A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-12-22 CA CA002550906A patent/CA2550906A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-12-22 JP JP2006546331A patent/JP2007516333A/ja not_active Ceased
-
2006
- 2006-06-13 IL IL176285A patent/IL176285A0/en unknown
- 2006-06-22 ZA ZA200605168A patent/ZA200605168B/en unknown
- 2006-06-23 NO NO20062960A patent/NO20062960L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
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2010
- 2010-11-16 US US12/947,082 patent/US20110117198A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2011
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101903408B (zh) * | 2007-10-30 | 2013-08-14 | 粘凝胶股份公司 | 壳聚糖组合物 |
CN101925348B (zh) * | 2007-12-07 | 2013-12-04 | 实验室维维西公司 | 可生物降解的单相粘性水凝胶 |
CN108882951A (zh) * | 2016-02-12 | 2018-11-23 | 罗丹菲尔茨有限责任公司 | 保湿组合物及其用途 |
CN108882951B (zh) * | 2016-02-12 | 2022-01-11 | 罗丹菲尔茨有限责任公司 | 保湿组合物及其用途 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2004303599A1 (en) | 2005-07-07 |
NO20062960L (no) | 2006-09-11 |
CN1898315B (zh) | 2010-10-20 |
WO2005061611A1 (en) | 2005-07-07 |
ZA200605168B (en) | 2007-10-31 |
US20070197754A1 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
JP2007516333A (ja) | 2007-06-21 |
AU2004303599B2 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
EP1704182A1 (en) | 2006-09-27 |
US20110117198A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 |
GB0329907D0 (en) | 2004-01-28 |
IL176285A0 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
CA2550906A1 (en) | 2005-07-07 |
BRPI0417974A (pt) | 2007-04-17 |
JP2012082428A (ja) | 2012-04-26 |
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