CN1896582A - 气体的使用系统和方法 - Google Patents

气体的使用系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN1896582A
CN1896582A CNA2006101000926A CN200610100092A CN1896582A CN 1896582 A CN1896582 A CN 1896582A CN A2006101000926 A CNA2006101000926 A CN A2006101000926A CN 200610100092 A CN200610100092 A CN 200610100092A CN 1896582 A CN1896582 A CN 1896582A
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gas
compressor
decompressor
suction side
temperature
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CN100424405C (zh
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H·达尼
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Atlas Copco Shanghai Process Equipment Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种用于压缩低温气体，特别是烃气的系统，具有用于压缩气体的压缩机和将气体输送至压缩机的吸入侧，并将压缩后的气体输送至随后的装置而加以使用的管道装置。该管道装置具有旁通管路，通过该旁通管路，压缩气体可被输送回压缩机的吸入侧。膨胀机被设置在旁通管路中，用于再次冷却流经旁通管路的气体。本发明还提供了一种用于调节压缩低温气体的系统的方法，所述低温气体特别是在低温液体的存储过程中产生的烃气。

Description

气体的使用系统和方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请根据35U.S.C§119的规定要求于2005年7月11日提交的申请号为No.10 2005 032 556.4的德国申请的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于压缩低温气体，特别是烃气的系统或装置，它具有用于压缩气体的压缩机和管道装置。管道装置将气体输送至压缩机的吸入侧，并将压缩后的气体输送至随后的装置。例如，当低温液体被储存在供应罐中时，会产生气体。
背景技术
具有所述特征的系统可从EP0 069 717 B1中得知。为了进行液态天然气(LNG)的运输，冷却后的液态天然气以近似于大气压的压力储存在油船上的供应罐中。在罐内部挥发的天然气经由输气管道输送至电动操作的压缩机，而后被冷却，并输送至储气罐中予以中间存储。已被压缩至约200巴(bar)的气体从储气罐中被输送至双燃料的内燃机中，该内燃机被设计为用于气和油的燃烧，并驱动油船。双燃料内燃机的负载和供应罐中挥发气体的量可经受很大变化。因此，用于对压缩气体进行中间存储的压力容器是必须的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于压缩低温气体的系统或装置，通过该系统，输送至随后装置的气体量可以简单的方式灵活地调节，并且这种调节从能量的观点来看具有可接收程度的效果。
根据本发明的一个方面，通过提供具有最初所述特征的系统可实现这些和其它目的，该特征为具有旁通管路和设置在旁通管路中的膨胀机(expander)的管道装置，其中，压缩气体通过旁通管路被输送回至压缩机的吸入侧，该膨胀机用于再次冷却流经旁通管路的气体。在特定的程度上，形成为流动机的涡轮膨胀机作为膨胀机是适当的。虽然气体在压缩过程中被加热，但是由于流经旁通管路的气体被再次冷却，因此压缩机可被设计为用于降低吸入的温度。这一特征在功率要求、重量和压缩机空间要求上具有有利的效果。根据本发明的系统可以固定和移动的方式使用，例如用在运输液态碳氢化合物，如液态天然气(LNG)的油船上。
在本发明的优选实施例中，管道装置在压缩机的加压侧上具有冷却器。压缩气体可通过该冷却器冷却到高于被输送至压缩机吸入侧的气体温度的温度。旁通管路沿流动方向连接至冷却器之后的管道装置上。在膨胀机中的气体膨胀过程中所得到的温差本质上取决于加压侧和吸入侧之间的压差。通过冷却器降低加压侧的气体温度，在流经旁通管路的气体膨胀后，其温度还可被降低。
压缩机和膨胀机可机械地连接在一起。如果膨胀机被构造为涡轮膨胀机，那么这种机械连接，例如通过机械齿轮机构或普通驱动轴的连接特别易于实现。借助于机械连接，用于压缩所需要的能量可通过在膨胀机中释放的能量来补充，至少是部分补充。
在本发明的优选实施例中，将气流冷却至低于-30℃的温度，优选地冷却至-140℃至-80℃之间的温度，这在膨胀机中发生。通过这种构造，大部分气体或全部气体在不脱离为压缩机设计的低温范围的前提下，可在封闭循环中经过旁通管路输送。
优选地，压缩机加压侧上的管道装置中的压力为6至50bar。
低温气体可例如由于储存在供应罐中的液体挥发而产生。在这种情况下，低温液体在供应罐中以近似于大气压的压力存在。通过该实施例，可由多个罐组构成的供应罐不必被设计成压力容器，并且因而可以节省成本的方式制造。
在本发明的另一方面中，提供了一种方法，该方法调节用于压缩低温气体、特别是在低温液体存储过程中产生的烃气的系统。根据该方法，低温气体以低于-30℃的温度被输送至压缩机，并且通过压缩机被压缩至6至50bar的压力，用于进一步的使用。至少部分压缩气体被输送回压缩机的吸入侧，并在此过程中通过膨胀机冷却。
优选地，气体在-140℃至-80℃之间的温度下被引入到吸入侧上的管道装置中，借此流经膨胀机，优选地被构造成涡轮膨胀机的气流，被冷却至低于-50℃的温度。关于这一点，流经膨胀机的气体还可被冷却至基本上相当于或低于被引入到吸入侧管道装置的气体温度的温度。
在本方法的范围内，膨胀机和压缩机可被机械地连接，借此特别的，膨胀机和被构造成流动机的压缩机适用于与普通齿轮机构或普通驱动轴进行简单的机械连接。在本方法的优选实施例中，压缩气体被冷却至10℃至80℃之间的温度，用于进一步的应用，借此部分压缩并冷却的气体被所谓旁通气流输送至压缩机的吸入侧，并通过膨胀机进一步冷却。
在根据本发明的方法的范围内，压缩气体可用于燃气轮机或内燃机的运转。或多或少的旁通气体可作为燃气轮机或内燃机的运转所需要的气体的函数(function)被输送回压缩机的吸入侧，并在此过程中通过膨胀机冷却。
在膨胀机中被冷却下来的气流可被用于冷却该系统的吸入侧。例如，如果由于低温液体的挥发而使其中产生气体的供应罐的周围通过冷却后的气流而被预先冷却，则提供给用于冷却供应罐的冷却系统的功率消耗会降低。
附图说明
本发明的其它目的和特征将通过下面结合附图的详细说明而变得明显。但是，应该理解，附图被设计而仅仅是用于说明的目的，并且其不应作为是对本发明的限制。
在附图中：
该唯一的附图示出了根据本发明的将天然气作为燃气机或涡轮机的燃料的系统，其中该天然气是在冷却后的液态天然气(LNG)的存储过程中由于挥发而产生的。
具体实施方式
现在详细描述附图，液态的冷却天然气以近似于大气压力的压力、在-163℃的温度下，作为低温液体1被储存在供应罐2中。温度为-140℃的挥发气体4被收集在供应罐的气体空间3中，该气体通过管道装置5连续不断地从供应罐2输送至压缩机7的吸入侧6。在配置成单级或多级涡轮压缩机的压缩机7中，气体4被压缩至26bar的压力，从而气体温度增加到+100℃以上。在压缩后，气体4被输送至冷却器8，在冷却器中，气体4被冷却至约+35℃的温度。
在冷却器8后，旁通管路9连接至管道装置5。一部分压缩气体4通过旁通管路9从加压侧10被输送回压缩机7的吸入侧6。气体4的其它部分被输送至装置11作为能源使用，所述装置为例如燃气发动机或燃气轮机。配置成涡轮膨胀机的膨胀机12设置在旁通管路9中，用于再次冷却流经旁通管路9的气体4。膨胀机12通过齿轮机构13与压缩机7机械地相连，从而导致用于压缩所需要的部分能量通过在膨胀过程中释放的能量来补充。气体4的温度在膨胀机12中冷却至-100℃，这大致与气体4从供应罐2中被排出的温度相当。在膨胀机12中冷却下来的气流还可用于对供应罐2预冷却。或多或少的旁通气流被输送回压缩机7的吸入侧6，作为燃气轮机11的操作所需要的气体的函数，并且在这一过程中通过膨胀机12冷却，借此，全部气体4也可从加压侧10通过旁通管路9并经由膨胀机12被输送回吸入侧6。
因此，尽管本发明的至少一个实施例中的仅仅一个被示出并加以说明了，但是应该理解，在不背离本发明的精神和范围的前提下，可如在由所附的权利要求中限定的那样做出多种改变和改进。

Claims (15)

1、一种用于压缩低温气体的装置，其包括：
(a)用于将气体加压成压缩气体的压缩机，所述压缩机具有吸入侧；和
(b)管道装置，其用于将气体输送至压缩机的吸入侧，并将压缩后的气体从压缩机输送至一装置而供使用；
其中，所述管道装置包括用于将压缩后的气体输送回压缩机吸入侧的旁通管路，和设置在旁通管路中用于再次冷却流经旁通管路的压缩气体的膨胀机。
2、根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，气体为烃气。
3、根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，输送至压缩机吸入侧的气体具有吸入侧温度，管道装置具有位于压缩机加压侧上的冷却器，以用于将压缩气体冷却至高于吸入侧温度的温度，旁通管路沿流动方向连接至冷却器后的管道装置上。
4、根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，压缩机和膨胀机机械地连接在一起。
5、根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，膨胀机将气体冷却至低于-30℃的温度。
6、根据权利要求5所述的装置，其特征在于，膨胀机将气体冷却至-140℃和-80℃之间的温度。
7、根据权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于，管道装置在压缩机的加压侧上具有6bar和50bar之间的压力。
8、一种调节用于压缩低温气体的系统的方法，其中，该低温气体在低温液体的储存过程中产生，该方法包括如下步骤：
(a)将低温气体在低于-30℃的温度下输送至压缩机；和
(b)通过压缩机将气体压缩成6bar至50bar压力下的压缩气体，以用于进一步使用；
其中，至少部分压缩气体被输送回压缩机的吸入侧，并借助于膨胀机冷却。
9、根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述气体是烃气。
10、根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述气体在-140℃和-80℃之间的温度下被引入到吸入侧的管道装置中，并且通过膨胀机的气体被冷却至低于-50℃的温度。
11、根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，膨胀机和压缩机机械地连接在一起。
12、根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，压缩气体被冷却至10℃和80℃之间的温度，并且部分冷却后的压缩气体作为旁通气流被输送回至压缩机的吸入侧，并通过膨胀机被进一步冷却。
13、根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，低温流体被储存在供应罐中，并且由于该低温液体的挥发而产生低温气体。
14、根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，压缩气体被用于内燃机或燃气轮机的运转，并且或多或少的旁通气流作为燃气轮机或内燃机运转所需要的气体的函数被输送回至压缩机的吸入侧，并且旁通气流通过膨胀机冷却。
15、根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，在膨胀机中冷却的气体用于冷却所述系统的吸入侧。
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Address before: Cologne, Germany

Patentee before: Atlas Copco Energas

CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20081008

Termination date: 20190629