CN1890487A - 齿轮变速装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
将一对轴(2)和(9)配合连接的齿轮变速装置应用了一行星齿轮系，其中该齿轮系包括同轴(2)固定配合的中心齿轮(10)、在行星齿轮架(15)上的行星齿轮(12)、以及一固定在后者上的齿圈或环形齿轮(17)。一可在轴(9)上滑动的选择器(19)设置有多组径向有间距的卡爪(22)和(24)，它们分别同行星齿轮架和中心齿轮上相应的卡爪(29)和(34)配合，从而根据选择器的轴向位置以两个不同的速比同轴(2)和(9)配合。结果是，与传统的卡爪离合器齿轮变速装置相比，该装置在轴向结构上更加紧凑。在另一个实施例中，通过固定行星齿轮架以及根据选择器轴向位置将其同中心齿轮或齿圈配合，可以得到一反向装置。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及齿轮变速装置，特别是那种应用卡爪离合器的装置。根据本发明的装置可使用在多种车辆应用中或应用在一些需要简单、稳定且紧凑的变速箱的装置上，还可特别应用于战斗坦克、冲压机或其他一些如WO-02/083483描述的带有驱动装置的刹车制动车辆上。
背景技术
在选择不同的齿轮速比时，常啮合变速箱通常使用卡爪离合器。在一种典型的设置中，齿轮选择器通过花键配合到输出轴上，并可沿该轴在轴向自由滑动，但是该轴必须始终与上述选择器一起转动。由发动机或其他起动机以不同的速比驱动的齿轮同轴设置在选择器的任一侧。选择器和齿轮的相对面形成有互补的轴向突出和/或凹槽(卡爪)，使得当选择器在一个相关的操作装置驱动下从中间的空档位置在任一方向朝其中一个齿轮滑动时，选择器和齿轮上相应的卡爪分别以相应的速比从选定的齿轮将扭矩传递到选择器和输出轴上。这种装置简单、稳定而且有效，但是问题是，由于齿轮有间距、选择器相对端需要配置卡爪，以及选择器需要空间以在齿轮间来回移动，使得这种装置在轴向需要很大的空间。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种应用卡爪离合器原理的齿轮变速装置，但这种装置至少在轴向比传统的装置更加紧凑。
相应地，本发明的一方面在于提供了一种齿轮变速装置，其包括：一个转动输入部件和一个转动输出部件；一个行星齿轮系，其包括一中心齿轮、一组与中心齿轮啮合并由一个共用行星齿轮架所支持的行星齿轮，以及一个与上述行星齿轮啮合的齿圈；和一个齿轮选择器，其设置成与上述输入部件和输出部件中的一个一起转动，并被支持成相对于行星齿轮系轴向移动；上述中心齿轮、行星齿轮架和齿圈中的第一个设置成与上述输入部件和输出部件中的另一个一起转动，上述中心齿轮、行星齿轮架和齿圈中的第二个保持不转动；上述齿轮选择器包括第一和第二卡爪组，其中卡爪组在径向相对分离；上述中心齿轮、行星齿轮架和齿圈中的第一和第三个分别设置成与第三和第四卡爪组一起转动，其中当齿轮选择器移动到一个相应的轴向位置时，这些卡爪组分别与第一和第二卡爪组啮合；上述每个卡爪组的扭矩传递接触面的径向尺寸大于轴向尺寸，而且上述每个卡爪组的卡爪周向宽度小于各个相互啮合的卡爪组的周向间距。
在本发明的装置中，由于配置的行星齿轮系能提供齿轮速比(和/或方向)的变化，以及相应的卡爪组在径向上存在间距，这样可以得到轴向紧凑的装置。借助上面限定的没有损失扭矩传递能力的卡爪的扭矩传递接触面，以及上述卡爪的间距便利各部件间相互配合而不需要精确的速度同步，该装置需要的轴向空间进一步最小化。上述这些都将会在下面详细描述。
另一方面，本发明提供了一种用于刹车制动车辆的驱动装置，其包括：位于车辆每一侧的独立的驱动部件；至少一个推进电机，其用来转动上述驱动部件，并通过一个受控差速器连接到一个操纵电机上；以及一个如上所述的独立的齿轮变速装置，其用于在上述推进电机和上述每个驱动部件之间传动。
附图说明
现在通过实施例，并参考相应的示意图，更加详细地描述本发明中的上述以及其他的方面和特性，其中：
图1为应用本发明的刹车制动车辆的驱动装置分解图；
图2为根据本发明的一个优选实施例中，齿轮变速装置位于空档位置时的轴向剖面图；
图3为图2所示的装置中包括的爪环和齿轮选择器的侧面视图；
图4为图3所示组件的相对侧的侧面视图；
图5为图2的装置在低齿轮速比条件下的轴向剖视图；和
图6为图2所示装置在高齿轮速比条件下的轴向剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1图解地示出了驱动装置的一种形式，其中本发明的变速齿轮驱动装置带有该驱动装置，其作为WO-02/083483中的刹车制动车辆的履带驱动装置是特别有用的。但可以理解的是，目前的该装置通常应用于车辆或其他机械、特别是需要轴向紧凑装置的机械上的齿轮变速系统中。
图1中，一横向驱动装置包括2个用来驱动轴2a和2b的推进电机1a和1b。在电机的外部，传动装置在每一侧均包括齿轮变速单元3a、3b，制动器4a、4b和最后的驱动齿轮减速器5a、5b，所有这些都位于车辆外壳内，使得各自的履带传动链轮6a和6b分别位于车辆的相对侧。在电机内部，轴2a和2b与由操纵电机8驱动的受控差速器7相连接，上述所有这些在WO-02/083483中描述的内容在此引入作为参考。
图2示出了根据本发明的一个装置的实施例，其可用来改变从输入轴2到输出轴9的转动传递的齿轮速比。因此，联系图1，这种类型的装置可用在相应的驱动轴2a、2b和输出轴9a、9b之间的车辆(结构上镜像对称)相对侧上的单元3a和3b中。
图2中，一个空心输入轴2在其部分长度上环绕着输出轴9。轴2的端部形成为行星齿轮系中的中心齿轮10，其与多个(在本实施例中为4个)行星齿轮12在11处相互啮合。行星齿轮12由滚针轴承13所支撑，其中上述轴承相对于保持在共用行星齿轮架15中的各个滚针14转动。行星齿轮12还与齿圈或环形齿轮17在16处相互啮合，其中的齿轮17由花键18非转动地支撑在固定外壳内(没有示出)。可以看出，输入轴2和中心齿轮10的转动使得行星齿轮12相对上述中心齿轮转动(在固定的齿圈17作用下)，因此使得行星齿轮架15以同样的方式转动，但其转速比输入轴和中心齿轮低，在本实施例中转速减速比通常为4∶1。
图2示出了位于空档位置的装置，其中当输入轴2转动时，行星齿轮系仅处于怠速运转状态。然而，为了将转动以两个齿轮速比中选定的一个传递到输出轴9上，一个齿轮选择器19通过花键20安装到输出轴上，从而使得选择器和轴必须一起转动，但选择器可从图2所示的位置上在轴上朝任意方向轴向滑动。同时参考图3和图4，选择器19有一个盘状环形法兰部21，其相对两侧有2个卡爪组：在其左侧(如示出的)有交替的轴向突起(卡爪)22和凹槽23，在右侧(如示出的)有交替的突起(卡爪)24和凹槽25，其中卡爪24设置在距选择器轴线的半径比卡爪22更小的位置。
进一步参考图2到图4，爪环26通过花键27安装到行星齿轮架15上，并由螺旋保持环28所保持。在其右侧(如示出的)，环26形成有一系列卡爪，其中卡爪包括交替的轴向突起29和凹槽30。第二爪环31通过花键32安装到中心齿轮10上，并由螺旋保持环33所保持。在其左侧(如示出的)，环31形成有一系列卡爪，其中卡爪包括交替的轴向突起34和凹槽35。如图3和图4所示，环31的花键32为螺旋形切口，它们在中心齿轮的端部处与螺旋型齿轮齿的切口部分啮合。
为了完成低速比或高速比传动，选择器19从如图2所示的位置在轴9上向左边或右边(如示出的)移动。为此，设置了一个终止于选择器分叉(未示出)处的适当驱动装置，其中该分叉可与选择器内的环形槽36接合。图5示出了低速比时的配合状态。在选择器19移动到左边时(如示出的)，其卡爪22被压入爪环26的凹槽30中，并且在其周向移动一个小角度后，可弥补相应的卡爪间的周向间隙，卡爪22的侧面与卡爪29的侧面相邻接，以将扭矩以行星齿轮架15的速度传递到轴9上(即，速度从输入轴2通过上述的比例4∶1降低)。图6示出了高速比时的配合状态。当选择器19移动到右边时(如示出的)，其卡爪24被压入爪环31的凹槽35中，当周向移动一个小角度后，可以弥补相应的卡爪间的周向间隙，卡爪24的侧面与卡爪34的侧面邻接，以将扭矩以中心齿轮10的速度传递到轴9上(即，相对于输入轴2以1∶1的速比)。
在高低速比间的任一转换中，选择器19都通过图2所示的空档位置。一个受到轴9的径向孔内的弹簧37偏压的球36设置在选择器19内的三个相应凹槽(未示出)的相应的一个中，用来在空档、低速或高速三个可能的状态提供制动作用。如图1所示，当用在驱动装置中时，一旦选择器19移动到与一齿轮脱离，推进电机1a和1b立刻断电以释放所施加的扭矩，而当选择器转换为与齿轮啮合时，它们的速度将会得到适当的调节以将相应的卡爪22或24推入相应的凹槽30或35中。然而，每个卡爪组22/29和24/34的形状和间隙非常精确，以至于不需要为了啮合齿轮而使各个转动部件间实现精确的速度同步，在图示实施例中，通常允许环26或31与选择器19之间有±200rpm的速度差。在这方面可以看出，各个组合中爪环22、24、29和34的周向宽度明显小于与相应凹槽30、35、23和25啮合的各组卡爪的周向间距。这意味着，尽管各部件间有转速差，当向着爪环26或31推动选择器19而“看到”相应的凹槽时，也会有足够的时间来轴向移动选择器以与相应的卡爪完全啮合。如果卡爪和凹槽在初始接触时未对准，卡爪组的平坦的轴向相对表面也便于部件间滑动，直到“看到”凹槽。
可以理解，在图示的机构中，用来将转动以选定的齿速比传递到轴9上的两个部件-也就是中心齿轮10和行星齿轮架15-在径向而不是在轴向相分离，而且两组分别位于中心齿轮和行星齿轮架的突起34和29以及选择器19的突起24和22上的配合卡爪也相类似地径向分离。这样就形成了一装置，其与传统的卡爪离合器齿轮变速装置相比在轴向更加紧凑，其中传统装置上的卡爪放置在选择器的相对端以与轴向有间距的齿轮啮合。卡爪22、24、29和34的侧面有一个比轴向尺寸大的径向尺寸，该尺寸进一步减小了轴向空间需求，同时保证了相应卡爪组的侧面之间、用于它们之间扭矩传递所需的、充分的接触面积，而且这些侧面为渐开形，即使在选择器19和环26/31的径向对齐中存在较大的公差，也足以保持面面接触。还有，对于两组卡爪34/24和29/22，在更大半径处的卡爪29/22用于低齿轮速比传递，这组卡爪设计成比在更小半径处用于高齿轮速比传递的卡爪34/24具有更大的负载能力，能够与那个速比下所需的更高扭矩相匹配。
虽然参考一个其中齿轮选择器可在行星齿轮系的外侧发挥作用的装置来对本发明进行了描述，但本发明并不仅限于该实施例。例如，在当轴9为输入轴，而轴2为输出轴时，如图2到图6所示的装置可以相反的方式高效动作。在这种情况下，选择器19或者通过卡爪24/34与中心齿轮10啮合来驱动轴2并以1∶1速比输出到轴9上，或者通过卡爪22/29与行星齿轮架15啮合以相对于轴9增加的速比驱动轴2。
在本发明的其它实施例中，可以选择行星齿轮系部件的不同布置以使其不可转动地固定、由输入轴驱动以及通过卡爪与输出轴啮合。在一个这样的例子中，如图2到图6所示的装置改变为固定住行星齿轮架15而不是齿圈17，因此该齿圈可以自由转动，并且上述齿圈代替上述行星齿轮架而设置卡爪以配合选择器。在这种情况下，轴9或者受驱动，并从中心齿轮以1∶1速比输出到轴2上，或者从齿圈以降低的速比相对于轴2反方向转动。因此，在正转和反转齿轮之间选择时这样一个装置是有用的。
由于发动机1a和1b本身能够在一个较大速度范围上产生适当的扭矩水平，因此如图2到图6所示的齿轮变速装置的实施例以及结合到图1的驱动装置中对于只有两种不同齿轮速比(高和低)的选择来说就已经足够了。但是，在其他需要更大齿轮速比的应用中，可以按顺序串联使用多个这样的装置。
Claims (8)
1.一种齿轮变速装置，包括：
一个转动输入部件和一个转动输出部件；
一个行星齿轮系，其包括一中心齿轮、一组与中心齿轮啮合并由一个共用的行星齿轮架所支持的行星齿轮，以及一个与上述行星齿轮啮合的齿圈；
和一个齿轮选择器，其设置成与上述输入部件和输出部件之一一起转动，并被支持成可相对于行星齿轮系轴向移动；
上述中心齿轮、行星齿轮架和齿圈中的第一个设置成与上述输入部件和输出部件中的另一个一起转动，上述中心齿轮、行星齿轮架和齿圈中的第二个保持不转动；
上述齿轮选择器包括彼此间径向分开的第一和第二卡爪组；
上述中心齿轮、行星齿轮架和齿圈中的第一和第三个分别设置成与第三和第四卡爪组一起转动，其中当齿轮选择器移动到一个相应的轴向位置时，第三和第四卡爪组分别与第一或第二卡爪组啮合；
上述每个卡爪组的扭矩传递接触面的径向尺寸大于轴向尺寸，而且上述每个卡爪组的卡爪周向宽度小于各个相互啮合的卡爪组的周向间距。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：上述齿轮选择器设置在转动输出部件上，以向输出部件传递转动但可相对于输出部件轴向自由移动。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征在于：中心齿轮设置成与转动输入部件一起转动，齿圈保持不可转动，中心齿轮和行星齿轮架设置成与相应的卡爪组一起转动。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征在于：中心齿轮设置成与转动输入部件一起转动，行星齿轮架保持不可转动，中心齿轮和齿圈设置成与相应的卡爪组一起转动。
5.根据以上任一项权利要求所述的装置，其特征在于：齿轮选择器包括一盘状部，所述第一和第二卡爪组形成在该盘状部的相对侧上。
6.根据以上任一项权利要求所述的装置，其特征在于：第三和第四卡爪组位于相应的独立的环形部件上，其中上述部件装配成与相应的中心齿轮、行星齿轮架或齿圈有扭矩传递关系。
7.一种用于刹车制动车辆的驱动装置，包括：位于车辆每一侧的独立的驱动部件；至少一个推进电机，其用来转动上述驱动部件，并通过一个受控差速器连接到一个操纵电机上；以及一个根据前面任一项权利要求的独立的齿轮变速装置，其用于在上述推进电机和上述每个驱动部件之间传动。
8.一种配置有权利要求7所述的驱动装置的车辆。
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| GB0327904.9 | 2003-12-02 | ||
| GBGB0327904.9A GB0327904D0 (en) | 2003-12-02 | 2003-12-02 | Gear change mechanism |
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| CN1890487A true CN1890487A (zh) | 2007-01-03 |
| CN100432485C CN100432485C (zh) | 2008-11-12 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNB2004800356129A Active CN100432485C (zh) | 2003-12-02 | 2004-11-30 | 齿轮变速装置、驱动装置和车辆 |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US7303502B2 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1692416B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN100432485C (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE364806T1 (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE602004007038T2 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2285545T3 (zh) |
| GB (1) | GB0327904D0 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2005054712A1 (zh) |
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- 2004-11-30 CN CNB2004800356129A patent/CN100432485C/zh active Active
- 2004-11-30 DE DE602004007038T patent/DE602004007038T2/de active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102612614A (zh) * | 2009-11-16 | 2012-07-25 | 雷米技术有限公司 | 具有行星齿轮组的电动机 |
| CN102612614B (zh) * | 2009-11-16 | 2015-05-13 | 雷米技术有限公司 | 具有行星齿轮组的电动机 |
| CN105264250A (zh) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-01-20 | 艾里逊变速箱公司 | 三位置爪式离合器 |
| CN105264250B (zh) * | 2013-03-15 | 2017-11-03 | 艾里逊变速箱公司 | 三位置爪式离合器 |
| CN108006096A (zh) * | 2016-10-27 | 2018-05-08 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 牙嵌式离合器 |
| CN108006096B (zh) * | 2016-10-27 | 2019-10-15 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 牙嵌式离合器 |
| CN114008343A (zh) * | 2019-06-28 | 2022-02-01 | Gkn汽车有限公司 | 用于车辆动力传递单元的多级换挡致动器 |
| CN114008343B (zh) * | 2019-06-28 | 2024-03-15 | Gkn汽车有限公司 | 用于车辆动力传递单元的多级换挡致动器 |
| US11938811B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2024-03-26 | Gkn Automotive Limited | Multi-stage shifting actuator for a vehicle power transfer unit |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2005054712A1 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
| ES2285545T3 (es) | 2007-11-16 |
| DE602004007038T2 (de) | 2008-02-14 |
| EP1692416B1 (en) | 2007-06-13 |
| EP1692416A1 (en) | 2006-08-23 |
| US20070155579A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
| US7303502B2 (en) | 2007-12-04 |
| CN100432485C (zh) | 2008-11-12 |
| ATE364806T1 (de) | 2007-07-15 |
| GB0327904D0 (en) | 2004-01-07 |
| DE602004007038D1 (de) | 2007-07-26 |
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