CN105074273A - 机动车的多级变速器 - Google Patents

机动车的多级变速器 Download PDF

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CN105074273A
CN105074273A CN201380058434.0A CN201380058434A CN105074273A CN 105074273 A CN105074273 A CN 105074273A CN 201380058434 A CN201380058434 A CN 201380058434A CN 105074273 A CN105074273 A CN 105074273A
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shaft
transmission
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S·里克特内格
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AVL List GmbH
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/62—Gearings having three or more central gears
    • F16H3/66—Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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    • F16H3/666—Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another with compound planetary gear units, e.g. two intermeshing orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/724—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines
    • F16H3/725—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4816—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox internal shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0043—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising four forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H2200/0052—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising six forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H2200/006—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising eight forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H2200/0082—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of reverse speeds
    • F16H2200/0086—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of reverse speeds the gear ratios comprising two reverse speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H2200/201—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with three sets of orbital gears
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Abstract

本发明涉及具有多个前进档和至少一个倒档的机动车的多级变速器，该多级变速器包括具有驱动轴(W1)、输出轴(W2)和多个变速器轴、差动轴和总轴的多个3轴变速器和多个换挡元件，其中第一3轴变速器(RS1)的第一差动轴(d1.1)为了共同旋转而连接到第二3轴变速器(RS2)的第一差动轴(d1.2)；驱动轴(W1)和第二3轴变速器(RS2)的总轴(s2)为了共同旋转而连接；第四变速器轴(W6；W76)和第二3轴变速器(RS2)的第二差动轴(d2.2)为了共同旋转而连接；为了共同旋转，第四变速器轴(W6；W76)或第五变速器轴(W7)连接到第三3轴变速器(RS3)的第一差动轴(d1.3)；且第三变速器轴(W5)和第一3轴变速器(RS1)的第二差动轴(d2.1)为了共同旋转而连接。通过将第一3轴变速器(RS1)的总轴(s1)连接到第三3轴变速器(RS3)的总轴(s3)以供共同旋转，以及通过连接输出轴(W2)和第三3轴变速器(RS3)的第二差动轴(d2.3)以供共同旋转可以实现高功能性。

Description

机动车的多级变速器
本发明涉及具有多个前进档和至少一个倒挡的机动车的多级变速器，该多级变速器包括多个3轴变速器和多个换挡元件，具有驱动轴、输出轴和多个变速器轴、差动轴和总轴(summenwellen)，其中第一3轴变速器的第一差动轴为了共同旋转而经由第一变速器轴连接到第二3轴变速器的第一差动轴；第二3轴变速器的驱动轴和总轴为了共同旋转而连接；第四变速器轴和第二3轴变速器的第二差动轴为了共同旋转而连接；为了共同旋转，第四变速器轴或第五变速器轴连接到第三3轴变速器的第一差动轴；且第三变速器轴和第一3轴变速器的第二差动轴为了共同旋转而连接。
这种具有多种前进档和至少一种倒挡的多级变速器在机动车中很常用。
WO2012/084370A1公开了基于上述类型的基于行星齿轮系的多级变速器，壳体将三组行星组和多个轴保持在其中。通过被配置为制动器和离合器的换挡元件的选择性驱动，可以实现驱动轴和输出轴之间的多种传动比。
本发明的目的在于获得具有广泛应用性同时节约了空间和成本的如上所述的变速器。
根据本发明，这个目的可通过提出如下方案而获得：第一3轴变速器的总轴为了共同旋转而连接，优选地经由第二变速器轴到第三3轴变速器的总轴，且输出轴和第三3轴变速器的第二差动轴为了共同旋转而连接。
本文中的3轴变速器具体地地被理解为行星齿轮系。不考虑特别的设计，3轴变速器总是包括具有相同的轴扭矩符号(vorzeitchen)的两个轴，以及具有相反的轴扭矩符号的一个轴。具有相同符号的轴叫做差动轴，具有相反符号的轴叫做总轴。仅传递离合器功率的轴被称为系杆轴，而传递联轴器功率以及滚动功率的轴被称为中心轴。
3轴变速器的差动轴及总轴的扭矩和速度性能是唯一确定的。为了对3轴变速器的动力性能进行说明，固定系杆轮系传动比的概念是有帮助的。固定系杆轮系传动比被定义为当系杆轴保持不动时两个中心轴之间的传动比。固定系杆轮系传动比可以是正的或者负的，由此限定出正变速器和负变速器。
负变速器是3轴变速器，其中两中心轴用作差动轴，而系杆轴用作总轴。
正变速器是3轴变速器，其中系杆轴和两中心轴之一用作差动轴，而另一个中心轴用作总轴。
在仅有一个一方面与中心齿轮啮合另一方面又与环形齿轮啮合的行星齿轮简单行星齿轮组中，中心齿轮和环形齿轮的两个中心轴是差动轴，系杆轴为总轴。这种类型的行星齿轮组具有负变速器的动力性能。
在具有一对行星齿轮或多个这种成对齿轮的行星齿轮组的情况下，每一个第一行星齿轮与中心齿轮和第二行星齿轮啮合，而第二行星齿轮与环形齿轮和第一行星齿轮啮合，系杆轴和中心齿轮作为第一中心轴而用作差动轴，环形齿轮和第二中心轴作为总轴。这种类型的行星齿轮组具有正变速器的动力性能。
在当前情况下，3轴变速器中的所有或者一些(至少两个)可以是负变速器－比如简单的直齿轮行星变速器，其具有一个行星齿轮；或者是正变速器－比如具有至少一对行星齿轮的简单直齿轮行星变速器。
3轴变速器中的至少一个(优选第二3轴变速器)可以是正变速器，优选地具有两组相互啮合的行星齿轮。
第一3轴变速器的第一差动轴和第二3轴变速器的第一差动轴可通过第一换挡元件(优选地被配置为制动器)而得以防止转动。
此外，在简单的变体中，第一3轴变速器的第二差动轴也可以通过第二换挡元件(优选地被配置为制动器)而得以防止转动。不然，也可以提供为，第一3轴变速器的第二差动轴与电力装置旋转连接。
第二3轴变速器的第二差动轴可经由第三换挡元件(优选为离合器)有利地旋转连接到第三3轴变速器的总轴上。
可在第二3轴变速器的第二差动轴和第三3轴变速器的第一差动轴之间提供第四换挡元件(优选地被配置为离合器)。
在另一个变体中，第一3轴变速器的第一差动轴和第二3轴变速器的第一差动轴可经由第五换挡元件(优选地为离合器)旋转连接到第三3轴变速器的第一差动轴。作为变体，本发明还可以提供为，第一3轴变速器的第一差动轴和第二3轴变速器的第一差动轴可经由第五换挡元件(优选地为离合器)与第二3轴变速器的第二差动轴旋转连接。
如果第二3轴变速器的总轴可以经由第六换挡元件(优选地为离合器)旋转连接到第三3轴变速器的第一差动轴，可获得传动比选择中的特殊高度灵活性。
一些或者所有的换挡元件可以是摩擦锁定或者正向锁定换挡元件，像多片离合器或者多片式制动器或者爪形离合器。如果选择了一个或更多的正向锁定元件，这些中的每一个或者仅仅是所选择的那个可以提供同步装置，或者可以在变速器中提供中央、机械或者电子同步装置。
3轴变速器因此以这样的方式设置：将一起产生(ergeben)包括驱动轴和输出轴的7个或6个旋转变速器轴，。为了共同旋转，第一3轴变速器的第一差动轴经由第一变速器轴连接到第二3轴变速器的第一差动轴。为了共同旋转，第一3轴变速器的总轴经由第二变速器轴连接到第三3轴变速器的总轴。驱动轴和第二3轴变速器的总轴为了共同旋转而连接。输出轴和第三3轴变速器的第二差动轴为了共同旋转而连接。第三变速器轴和第一3轴变速器的第二差动轴为了共同旋转而连接。而第四变速器轴和第二3轴变速器的第二差动轴也是为了共同旋转而连接。为了共同旋转，第五变速器轴连接到第三3轴变速器的第一差动轴。
换挡元件以这样的方式设置：针对每一个可选择的档位，三个或者两个换挡元件必须同时活动以在变速器中获得受控制的运动，第一变速器轴经由第一换挡元件(被配置为制动器)连接到静态外壳，第三变速器轴经由第二换挡元件(被配置为制动器)连接到静态外壳，第二变速器轴经由第三换挡元件(被配置为联轴器)连接到第四变速器轴，第四变速器周经由第四换挡元件(被配置为联轴器)连接到第五变速器轴，且第一变速器轴经由第五换档元件(被配置为联轴器)连接到第五变速器轴。
本发明将参考所包含的附图进行更为详细的说明。所示为：
图1根据本发明第一变体的多级变速器；
图2所述多级变速器的换挡矩阵；
图3所述多级变速器的前进档的可能换挡顺序；
图4根据本发明第二变体的多级变速器；
图5多级变速器的第二变体的换挡矩阵；
图6多级变速器的前进档的可能换挡顺序；
图7根据本发明的第三变体的多级变速器；
图8多级变速器第三变体的换挡矩阵；
图9多级变速器的前进档的可能换挡顺序；
图10多级变速器的另一种可能换挡矩阵；
图11使用图10中换挡矩阵的前进档的可能换挡顺序；
图12根据本发明的第四变体的多级变速器；
图13根据本发明的第五变体的多级变速器；
图14多级变速器的换挡矩阵；及
图15根据本发明第六变体的多级变速器。
单个变体的附图显示了变速器元件(诸如，轴、齿轮、或换挡元件)的相互位置。
用相同的附图标记表示具有相同功能的本发明各部分的多种变体。
图1、4、7、12、13和15显示了多种机动车的多级自动变速器，具有多个前进档1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8，空档或者空转档N，以及一个或两个倒挡R1、R2，每一个都具有壳体G，壳体内设置了被配置为行星齿轮组的第一、第二和第三3轴变速器RS1、RS2、RS3。每一个多级变速器具有连接到内燃机(未示出)的驱动轴W1，及输出轴W2和另外的变速器轴W3、W4、W5、W6、W7(图1、7、12、15)或者W76(图4、13)。字母A、B、C、D、E、F指换挡元件，通过对这些元件的选择驱动，可以实现驱动轴W1和输出轴W2之间的各种传动比。
将使用术语总轴和差动轴来依次说明3轴变速器RS1、RS2、RS3。所用的3轴变速器RS1、RS2、RS3中的一些或所有可以是简单的行星齿轮组，它们被配置为正或负变速器。换挡元件A、B、C、D、E、F中的一些或所有可以是摩擦锁定或者正向锁定的换挡元件，比如多片离合器或者多片式制动器或者爪形离合器。在一种或多种正向锁定换挡元件的情况下，可提供单独针对这些元件中的一些元件或者所有元件的同步装置，或者在变速器中提供中心、机械或者电力同步装置。
3轴变速器RS1、RS2、RS3设置在多级变速器中，设置方式为：一共产生七个(个别地六个)可旋转轴，即，驱动轴W1，输出轴W2，变速器轴W3，W4、W5、W6、W7(或者用W76代替W6、W7)，以及第一3轴变速器RS1的第一差动轴d1.1经由第一变速器轴W3连接到第二3轴变速器RS2的第一差动轴d1.2，第一3轴变速器RS1的总轴s1经由第二变速器轴W4连接到第三3轴变速器RS3的总轴s3，驱动轴W1连接到第二2轴变速器RS2的总轴s2，输出轴W2连接到第三3轴变速器RS3的第二差动轴d2.3，第三变速器轴W5连接到第一3轴变速器RS1的第二差动轴d2.1，第四变速器轴为6连接到第二3轴变速器TS2的第二差动轴d2.2，且第五变速器轴W7连接到第三3轴变速器RS3的第一差动轴d1.3。所提及的所有连接都被理解为为了共同旋转而连接。
变速器元件A、B、C、D、E(图2)；A、B、C、D、E、F(图8和10)被设置成针对每一个可换挡齿轮R或R1、R2；1、2、3、4、5、6；7、8的图1、图7、图12和图15的变体总是有三个(图2、8、10)个别地两个(图5、14)换挡元件必须同时活动以在多级变速器中获得受控的运动。第一变速器轴W3可通过被配置为制动器的第一换挡元件A连接到静止壳体G，第三变速器轴W5可借由被配置为制动器的第二换挡元件B连接到静止壳体G，第二变速器轴W4可通过被配置为联轴器的第三换挡元件C连接到第四变速器轴W6，第四变速器轴W6可经由被配置为联轴器的第四换挡元件D连接到第五变速器轴W7，且第一变速器轴W3可经由被配置为离合器的第六换挡元件E连接到变速器轴W7。
图1示出了这种多级变速器的第一可能变体，其中3轴变速器RS1、RS2、RS3被配置为具有一个行星齿轮的简单直齿轮行星变速器，即负变速器。第二3轴变速器RS2在此轴向地位于另外两个3轴变速器RS1、RS3之间，连接到输出轴W2的第三3轴变速器RS3被放在输出侧。这产生了针对纵向布置的多级变速器的有利设计。
图2显示了换挡矩阵，显示了针对图1中所示变体的档位R、N、1、2、3、4、5、6的各单独换挡元件A、B、C、D的位置。实现了6个前进档1、2、3、4、5、6和一个倒档R。
通过图1的布置，3轴变速器RS1、RS2、RS3的以下固定系杆轮系传动比i0RS1、i0RS2、i0RS3例如可实现为：
i0RS1 -1.654
i0RS2 -3.920
i0RS3 -4.750
此外，可以实现下面的传动比i和级数
图3示出了图1中所示变体的前进档1、2、3、4、5、6的可能的换挡顺序，其可以通过对仅仅简单解除一个换挡元件的驱动以及驱动另一个换挡元件实现。
如果第四换挡元件D被省略了，而第四和第五变速器轴W6和W7由变速器轴W76替代，则产生具有3轴变速器RS1、RS2、RS3，四个换挡元件A、B、C、E和六个变速器轴1、2、3、4、5、76的布置，如图4所示。在图4中所示的变体中，第一和第三3轴变速器RS1和RS3被配置为具有一个行星齿轮的简单直齿轮行星齿轮轮系，即负变速器，而第二3轴变速器被配置为具有一对行星齿轮或者两组相互啮合的行星齿轮的简单直齿轮行星齿轮系，即正变速器。
由于作为负变速器的构造，总轴s2被实现为环形齿轮并且关于装配则可以有利地连接到驱动轴W1。此外，关于轴向位置，所有的换挡元件A、B、C、E都在动力传送轴的外部径向地定位，且可以有利地从外侧访问。
图5显示的换挡矩阵说明了针对图4中所示变体的档位R、N、1、2、3、4的各单独换挡元件A、B、C、E的位置。有四个前进档1、2、3、4和一个倒挡R。
图6显示了图4中变体的前进档1、2、3、4的可能的换挡顺序，这可以通过仅解除对单个换挡元件的驱动并驱动另一个换挡元件而实现。
如果图1中所述的变体通过第六换挡元件F而延伸，籍此驱动轴W1可连接到第五变速器轴W7以供共同旋转，则产生多级变速器中具有三个3轴变速器RS1、RS2、RS3，六个换挡元件A、B、C、D、E、F以及七个轴W1、W2、W3、W4、W5、W6、W7的布置，如图7中所示。在图7所示变体中，3轴变速器RS1、RS2、RS3被配置为具有一个行星齿轮或者一个行星齿轮组的简单直齿轮行星齿轮系，即负变速器。
图8显示了换挡矩阵，说明了针对图7中所示变体的单个档位的各单个换挡元件A、B、C、E、F的位置。有8个前进档，1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8和两个倒挡R1、R2。
图9示出了图8中所示换挡矩阵的前进档的可能换挡顺序，其可以通过仅解除对一个换挡元件的驱动且驱动另一个换挡元件而实现。
图10显示了进一步可能的换挡矩阵，其说明了针对图7中多级变速器的单个档位的各单个换挡元件A、B、C、D、E、F的位置。也可以产生8个前进档1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8和两个倒挡R1、R2。
图11显示了图10中所示换挡矩阵的前进档的可能换挡顺序，其可以通过仅解除对一个换挡元件的驱动且驱动另一个换挡元件而实现。
将图1，4和7中所示变体中的换挡元件A，B中之一(比如换挡元件B)替换为电动机EM，将会产生另一种布置，其具有多个功率差异化驱动机制以及各种可选择的档位。因此可以连续地以电子动力的方式补偿各档位之间的较大跳跃，这当然会改善驾驶舒适性。优选地，被配置为制动器的换挡元件(具体而言是是换挡元件B)可由电动机EM替代。
图12显示了基于图1中多级变速器的变体，其中换挡元件B被替换为电动机EM。
图13显示了基于图4中多级变速器的变体，其中换挡元件B被替换为电动机EM。
图14显示了换挡矩阵，说明了针对图13中所示布置的各单个换挡元件A、C、E的位置，内燃机的可能驱动状态ICE以及电动机EM的E－M。这产生了三个连续功率差异化驱动机制e－R、e－1、e－2，两个用于前进驱动e－1、e－2，一个用于倒退驱动e－R；以及两个前进档3、4。
图15显示了基于图7多级变速器的变体，其中换挡元件B被替换为电动机EM。

Claims (10)

1.具有多个前进档和至少一个倒档的用于机动车的多级变速器，所述多级变速器包括具有驱动轴(W1)、输出轴(W2)和多个变速器轴、差动轴和总轴的多个3轴变速器和多个换挡元件，其中第一3轴变速器(RS1)的第一差动轴(d1.1)为了共同旋转而经由第一变速器轴(W3)连接到第二3轴变速器(RS2)的第一差动轴(d1.2)；驱动轴(W1)和第二3轴变速器(RS2)的总轴(s2)为了共同旋转而连接；第四变速器轴(W6；W76)和第二3轴变速器(RS2)的第二差动轴(d2.2)为了共同旋转而连接；为了共同旋转，第四变速器轴(W6；W76)或第五变速器轴(W7)连接到第三3轴变速器(RS3)的第一差动轴(d1.3)；且第三变速器轴(W5)和第一3轴变速器(RS1)的第二差动轴(d2.1)为了共同旋转而连接，其特征在于，第一3轴变速器(RS1)的总轴(s1)优选经由第二变速器轴(W4)连接到第三3轴变速器(RS3)的总轴(s3)以供共同旋转，以及输出轴(W2)和第三3轴变速器(RS3)的第二差动轴(d2.3)被连接以供共同旋转。
2.根据权利要求1的多级变速器，其特征在于，第二3轴变速器(RS2)被配置为正变速器，优选地具有两组相互啮合的行星齿轮(图4、图13)。
3.根据权利要求1或2的多级变速器，其特征在于，第一3轴变速器(RS1)的第一差动轴(d1.1)和第二3轴变速器(RS2)的第一差动轴(d1.2)通过优选地被配置为制动器的第一换挡元件(A)而被防止转动。
4.根据权利要求1到3中任一项的多级变速器，其特征在于，第一3轴变速器(RS1)的第二差动轴(d2.1)通过优选地被配置为制动器的第二换挡元件(B)而被防止转动。
5.根据权利要求1到4中任一项的多级变速器，其特征在于，第一3轴变速器(RS1)的第一差动轴或第二差动轴(d1.1，d2.1)可旋转连接至电动机(EM)(图12、图13、图15)。
6.根据权利要求1到5中任一项的多级变速器，其特征在于，第二3轴变速器(RS2)的第二差动轴(d2.2)通过优选地被配置为联轴器的第三换挡元件(C)旋转连接到第三3轴变速器(RS3)的总轴(s3)。
7.根据权利要求1到6中任一项的多级变速器，其特征在于，第二3轴变速器(RS2)的第二差动轴(d2.2)通过优选地被配置为联轴器(图1、图7)的第四换挡元件(D)旋转连接到第三3轴变速器(RS3)的第一差动轴(d1.3)。
8.根据权利要求1到7中任一项的多级变速器，其特征在于，第一3轴变速器(RS1)的第一差动轴(d1.1)和第二3轴变速器(RS2)的第一差动轴(d1.2)通过优选地被配置为联轴器(E)(图1、图7)的第五换挡元件(E)旋转连接到第三3轴变速器(RS3)的第一差动轴(d1.3)。
9.根据权利要求1到7中任一项的多级变速器，其特征在于，第一3轴变速器(RS1)的第一差动轴(d1.1)以及第二3轴变速器(RS)的第一差动轴(d1.2)通过优选地被配置为联轴器(E)(图4)的第五换挡元件(E)旋转连接到第二3轴变速器(RS2)的第二差动轴(d2.2)。
10.根据权利要求1到9中任一项的多级变速器，其特征在于，第二3轴变速器(RS2)的总轴(s2)通过优选地被配置为联轴器(图7)的第六换挡元件(F)旋转连接到第三3轴变速器(RS3)的第一差动轴(d1.3)。
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US20150300456A1 (en) 2015-10-22
US9683632B2 (en) 2017-06-20
JP2016502628A (ja) 2016-01-28
WO2014072129A1 (de) 2014-05-15
KR20150082368A (ko) 2015-07-15
AT512915A4 (de) 2013-12-15

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