CN113474578A - 变速器组件及其使用方法 - Google Patents
变速器组件及其使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113474578A CN113474578A CN202080016074.8A CN202080016074A CN113474578A CN 113474578 A CN113474578 A CN 113474578A CN 202080016074 A CN202080016074 A CN 202080016074A CN 113474578 A CN113474578 A CN 113474578A
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- gear set
- motor
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- rotating element
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 183
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 28
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019699 ravioli Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
模块化的变速器组件便于其在所有级别的卡车上使用。变速器被设计成可以接收一个、两个或三个输入。此外,它还可以在需要时增加扭矩倍增的齿轮组。该变速器组件利用两个齿轮组,以环‑托架/环‑托架配置,作为四节点变速器运行。两个输入轴是同轴的,一个在另一个里面(输入轴1在输入轴2里面),允许第二个输入的扭矩直接由变速器的输出轴接收。该变速器包括两个可控离合器,其将第二输入与两个齿轮组相联。两个可控的制动器有选择地将齿轮组的不同齿轮固定。控制离合器和制动器可以控制输出轴的扭矩,所述扭矩作为第一和第二输入轴收到的扭矩的函数。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于控制从动力源接收的扭矩并向车辆的被驱动轮提供输出扭矩的变速器组件。更具体地说,本发明涉及用于控制从动力源接收的扭矩并向车辆的被驱动轮提供输出扭矩而不使用摩擦、液压或气动的变速器组件
背景技术
所有的电动车、混合动力车和插电式混合动力车(统称为电动车)都有一个传动系统,将动力从各种动力装置传输到车辆的被驱动轮。传统的变速箱利用液压和摩擦来运作。当由内燃机提供动力时,这两个工作原理在传统的变速器中运作良好。这些传统变速器的物理特性导致了极大量的能源浪费,由于这些损失造成了对续航能力的限制,因此无法将其纳入电动车中。
发明内容
一个变速器组件,包括变速器壳体。包括第一、第二和第三旋转元件的第一齿轮组被设置在变速器壳体内。包括第四、第五和第六旋转元件的第二齿轮组被设置在变速器壳体内,与第一齿轮组相邻。输出轴与第一齿轮组的第三旋转元件和第二齿轮组的第五旋转元件相联。输入轴与第二齿轮组的第一旋转元件相联。可控离合器连接位于第一端的输入轴和位于第二端的输出轴之间。第一可控制动器可选择性地将第一旋转元件与变速器壳体接合。第二可控制动器选择性地将第一齿轮组的第二旋转元件和第二齿轮组的第六旋转元件接合到变速器壳体上,这样,控制第一和第二可控离合器以及第一和第二可控制动器就可以控制输出轴的扭矩,作为第一和第二输入轴接收扭矩的函数。
附图说明
本发明的优点将很容易被理解,因为参照下面的详细描述,当与附图一起考虑时,就会更好地理解本发明,其中:
图1A是车辆传动系的一个实施例的透视图;
图1B是图1A所示实施例的截面示意图;
图2是图1中所示的传动系实施例安装在车辆上的透视图;
图3是安装有图1所示传动系实施例的车辆的底视图;
图4是具有一个输入的变速器的横截面侧视图;
图5是图4所示变速器的杠杆图;
图6是图4的变速器与被驱动车轴的差速器操作性地固定的示意图;
图7是具有输入的变速器的示意图,其中变速器被操作性地固定在被驱动车轴的差速器上。
图8是具有两个输入端的变速器的示意图,其中变速器被操作性地固定在两个不同车轴的两个不同差速器上;
图9是图8所示的变速器的俯视图,示例性的啮合显示了与两个轴的连接;
图10是沿图9的10-10线的侧视图;
图11是具有两个输入的变速器的一分为二的横截面侧视图;
图12至15是具有两个输入的变速器的杠杆图;
图16和17是显示两个马达的输出扭矩与转速的关系的图,其中转速保持不变;
图18和19分别是与图16和17所示相同的两个图,其中扭矩保持不变;
图20至24是具有两个输入的变速器的第二个备选实施例的杠杆图;
图25A至25E是简化的杠杆图,显示了两个输入马达和图20至24所示的变速器之间的连接;
图26是一个表格,显示了在具有两个输入的变速器的第二个备选实施例的不同模式下,哪些离合器是启用的;
图27是拉维诺齿轮组的方框图和其代表性的杠杆图;
图28是一个环-托架/环-托架齿轮组的方框图及其代表性的杠杆图;
图29是辛普森齿轮组的方框图和其代表性的杠杆图;
图30是具有三个输入的变速器的第三个备选实施例的杠杆图;
图31是一个表格,显示了图33所示的变速器的第三种备选实施例中,根据输入的状态,哪些离合器是启用的;
图32至36是具有三个输入的变速器的不同实施例的杠杆图;
图37是一个表格,显示了图30所示的变速器的备选实施例中哪些离合器根据输入的状态是启用的;以及
图38和图39是具有两个输入的变速器的两个实施例的横截面侧视图,每个实施例都有不同的壳体端盖。
具体实施方式
为了说明的目的,元件将由附图标记,通常是附图标记数字来标识。图中所示的若干实施例将在下文中详细描述。为了简单起见,这些元件将在整个说明中保持其附图标记不变。如果一个元件具有从一个实施例到另一个实施例的不同特征,在为新的实施例介绍同一元件时,将讨论这些差异。
参照图1A,变速器的一个实施例的透视图大致以10示出。在本图中,变速器10与第一马达12和第二马达14操作性地连接。在物理上,第二马达14安装在变速器10和第一马达12之间并安装在变速器10上。第一马达12有一个输出(随后讨论),穿过第二马达14延伸到变速器10。
变速器10包括具有壳体盖20的变速器壳体16。图1A和1B显示了固定在变速器壳体16上的第二马达14(B马达)和固定在第二马达14(B马达)上的第一马达12(A马达)。第一马达12(A马达)的第一马达输出轴18确定了一个长度15,该长度15长于第一马达12的长度17。第一马达输出轴18在其远端21也定义了一个外径19。
第二马达14(B马达)包括第二马达输出轴21。第二马达输出轴21确定了一个内径23,该内径大于第一马达输出轴18的外径19。第一马达输出轴18延伸穿过第二马达输出轴21并与其同轴。本领域的技术人员应该明白,第一马达输出轴18可能不会完全延伸穿过第二马达输出轴21。
在下面将详细讨论的替代性实施例中,第一马达12和第二马达14可以安装在变速器10的两侧。用于冷却变速器10、第一马达12和第二马达14的油由收集槽22收集,并利用油底壳24进行再循环。因为收集槽22沿着变速器10、第一马达12和第二马达14的整个长度延伸,所以只需要一个油底壳24。变速器10具有输出轴26,其穿过外壳盖20的中心延伸出来。电气端口28为第一马达12和第二马达14内部提供电气接入(电源和通信)。变速器10、第一马达12、第二马达14和油底壳24可以被称为传动系统,总体以30示出。
参照图2和图3,传动系30被显示为安装在车辆框架的两个导轨32、34之间,总体以36示出。车身40,包括乘客舱(未显示),显示为固定在车辆框架36上。具体参考图3,图中显示变速器10与驱动四个车轮(未显示)的驱动线38连接。
单一输入配置
参照图4至图6,变速器10显示为呈现单一输入方式运行的配置。在这种配置中,在没有第二马达14的情况下,单一输入是第一马达12直接固定在变速器壳体16上。图4中没有显示第一马达12,但第一马达输出轴18会被输入轴44容纳。
在图5所示的动力流中,输入轴44也被指定为轴"1"。变速器10还包括一个第一齿轮组,总体以46示出,和一个第二齿轮组,总体以50示出。第一齿轮组46包括第一旋转部件52、第二旋转部件54和第三旋转部件56。第二齿轮组50包括第四旋转部件60、第五旋转部件个62和第六旋转部件64。这些齿轮组46、50可以是任何具有三个旋转部件的齿轮组。所能想到的齿轮组类型包括但不限于拉维诺齿轮组、辛普森齿轮组和环-托架/环-托架齿轮组。图4和图5中所示的齿轮组46、50是环-托架/环-托架齿轮组。因为这些齿轮组是环-托架/环-托架齿轮组,所以第一、第二和第三旋转部件分别是太阳齿轮、托架和环形齿轮。这被表示为第一齿轮组46的S1、C1和R1以及第二齿轮组50的S2、C2和R2。来自第一齿轮组46的两个旋转部件和来自第二齿轮组50的两个旋转部件彼此固定在一起。这些连接为变速器10创造了一个四节点的联动。因此,在图5中,每一对旋转部件都用一个圆圈表示。因此,第一旋转部件56(环形齿轮R1)和第五旋转部件62(托架C2)相互固定,在图5中用附图标记56和62表示,而第二旋转部件54(托架C1)和第六旋转部件64(环形齿轮R2)相互固定,在图5中用附图标记54和64表示。
变速器10的输出轴26也被固定在两个旋转部件上,每个齿轮组46、50都有一个。在图4和图5所示的实施例中,输出轴26被固定在第三旋转件56(第一齿轮组46的环形齿轮R1)和第二齿轮组50的第五旋转件62(第二齿轮组50的托架C2)上。马达12使用输入轴44(轴1)直接与第二齿轮组50的第四旋转部件60连接。
可控离合器66连接在一端的输入轴44(轴1)和另一端的输出轴26(轴3)之间。可控离合器66也用术语K13表示,因为它将轴1和3联接在一起。具体参照图5,可控离合器66由一个开关70和两个二极管72、74表示。这三个元素70、72、74代表了可控离合器66的属性。更具体地说,开关70标志着可控离合器66可以被打开和关闭。二极管72、74表示可控离合器66将第三旋转件56(环形齿轮R1)、第五旋转件62(第二托架C2)和输出轴26(轴3)在两个方向上锁定,或在两个方向上自由旋转。因此,当开关70关闭时,代表可控离合器66的激活状态,输出轴26随着输入轴44的旋转而旋转。当开关70打开时,代表可控离合器66的非活动状态,输出轴26不旋转,或者,根据它从第一齿轮组46和第二齿轮组50的其他旋转元件52、54、60、64收到的扭矩进行旋转。
变速器10还包括第一可控制动器76(B04),该制动器将第一齿轮组46的第一旋转部件52(太阳齿轮S1)接合至变速器壳体16。第一可控制动器76也有符号B04,因为它是连接轴0(只是变速器壳体16)和第四轴80(轴4)的制动器。第一可控制动器76(B04)与可控离合器66类似,它由两个二极管82、84表示,它将锁定并允许向两个方向旋转。第一可控制动器76(B04)与可控离合器66不同的是,每个操作方向可以独立控制,如开关86、90所代表的那样。第一可控制动器76的操作将在随后更详细地讨论。
该变速器10还包括第二可控制动器92,它将第一齿轮组46的第二旋转件54(托架C1)和第二齿轮组50的第六旋转件64(环R2)接合到变速器壳体16。第二可控制动器92与第一可控制动器76的不同之处在于,它只具有控制槽口盘94(轴5)是否旋转的能力,或者控制它是否被绑定在变速器壳体16上并防止旋转。因此,第二可控制动器92只包括一个开关96,代表第二可控离合器92(B05)的两种状态是开或关,两个二极管100、102表示第二可控制动器92(B05)可以锁定或允许缺口板94(轴5)向两侧旋转。
图5还包括两个杠杆104、106。这些杠杆104、106是图形化的表示,表明变速器10收到的扭矩如何影响输出轴26(轴3)提供的扭矩。第一杠杆104代表当没有速度被施加到输出轴26(轴3)和/或变速器10处于静止状态时。第二杆106代表了处于工作状态的变速器10,这一点将在后面详细讨论。
参照图6,图中显示变速器10的马达12横向固定在从动轴110上。输出轴26(图6中未显示)的扭矩通过连接输出轴26和车轴差速器114的齿轮组112来转向。正如本领域所熟知的,车轴110驱动车轮116和轮胎120。
双输入配置
参考图7,图中显示了变速器10的第二个实施例通过齿轮组112横向连接到车轴差速器114上,其方式类似于图6中第一个实施例的方式。该变速器10与先前图中的变速器的不同之处在于,该变速器10接收两个输入,一个来自第一马达12(A马达),一个来自第二马达14(B马达)。本领域的技术人员可以理解,具有来自第一马达12(A马达)和第二马达14(B马达)的输入的变速器10将在输出轴26上提供更宽的扭矩范围。
参照图8,显示了变速器10的第三种配置,其中变速器10接收来自第一马达12(A马达)和第二马达14(B马达)的输入。用于引导输出轴26提供的扭矩的齿轮组112是镜像的,以便输出轴26提供的扭矩可以被引导到两个方向,以驱动两个车轴差速器114,其进一步驱动从动车轴110。
参照图9和图10,显示了变速器10的第三种配置,其中显示了一个示例性的齿轮组112,将输出扭矩引导到两个不同的方向,以驱动两个车轴110。该齿轮组112被显示为与输出轴26、变速器10和马达12、14对准。根据这种系统的需要和设计参数,可以采用不同的配置。本领域的技术人员应该明白,其他的排列方式可以用来,例如,促进润滑流体的收集。未示出覆盖齿轮组112的壳体--这样的壳体对于本领域的技术人员来说应该是众所周知的。
参照图11,剖面侧视图示出了图7至图10所示并在上面讨论过的变速器10的双输入配置(如上所述,上面讨论过的元素将在本实施例和任何后续实施例中保留相同的附图标记)。在这个实施例中,输入轴44成为第一输入轴44。虽然第一输入轴44与上面讨论的单一输入实施例中的输入轴44相同,但第一输入轴44的联接端124具有相同的外径和大得多的内径。换句话说,第一输入轴44的联接端124比图4所示的单一输入实施例中的输入轴44要薄。
第二输入轴是凹口盘126。第二输入轴126与第一输入轴44是同轴的。第二输入轴126接收来自第二马达输出轴19的扭矩,而第一输入轴44的联接端124接收来自第一马达12的第一马达输出轴18的扭矩。第一马达12(A马达)和第二马达14(B马达)向变速器10提供独立的输入,为整个传动系统提供多种操作模式。第一马达12和第二马达14的输入是通过第一输入轴44和第二输入轴126传递给变速器10的扭矩。
第一输入马达12和第二输入马达14都是电动的。这些马达12、14相互独立运行,也相互配合,这取决于传动系统10的运行模式。在下面的功率流图中,第一输入马达12和第二输入马达14分别被指定为"A马达"和"B马达"。
参照图12,变速器10被显示为从启动到中段车速(0-60英里/小时)的操作。由二极管代表的低位单向离合器131用于将第二旋转部件54(托架C1)和第六旋转部件64(环形齿轮R2)接地/锁定(至变速器壳体16)。另一个离合器129可通过开关133切换,使第二旋转部件54(托架C1)和第六旋转部件64(环形齿轮R2)旋转。
在这些速度下,变速器10处于速度比模式(SRM)。杠杆132代表SRM中的输出。在SRM中,第一马达12和第二马达14的速度相对于输出速度来说是一个固定的比例。第一马达12相对于输出的比率为A,第二马达14相对于输出的比率为B。因此,在SRM中,对于一个给定的车辆速度,马达12、14的速度相对于其相应的比率是固定的。
这在图16和图17中最佳地示出,其中垂直线代表了第一马达10和第二马达12运行时的特定速度。目标是在该速度下提供适当的扭矩输出,以使马达12、14的效率最大化。从图16和17中可以看出,阴影图示区域的中心部分是马达12、14效率最高的范围。
在SRM中,第一马达12可以独立于第二马达14供能。在SRM中,传动系统10的三种工作状态包括:只为第一马达12供能;只为第二马达14供能;以及同时为两个马达12、14供能。
虽然马达12、14相对于输出的速度以一比率固定,但每个马达12、14的扭矩可以从零到最大扭矩变化。输出扭矩是由以下公式决定的:
其中,
TA=第一马达12的扭矩;
TB=第二马达14的扭矩;
((X+Y)/Y)是第一马达12的比率;以及
(Z/Y)是第二马达14的比率。
变量X、Y和Z由环形齿轮组中的太阳齿轮和环形齿轮齿数决定。变量对所有可由四节点关系定义的齿轮组是相同的。如何计算X、Y和Z,取决于所采用的四节点杠杆关系的类型。
图13是一个杠杆图,显示变速器10从速度比模式(如图12所示)过渡到扭矩比模式。同样,杠杆132代表SRM下的输出,而杠杆134代表变速器10在扭矩比模式(TRM)下运行。在TRM中运行的好处是,它允许传动系统在更高的车速下有效运行,如图14所示。扭矩比模式是一种无级变速器模式。第二马达14为第一马达12提供反作用力矩,反之亦然。由于第一马达12(A马达)的比率通常在数值上大于第二马达14(B马达)的数值比率,所以第二马达14提供的扭矩将是极限扭矩。在扭矩比模式下,有三个需遵守的公式。它们包括:
TA+TB=Tout 公式2
∑Ms1=0=TA(X+Y+Z)-Tout(Y+Z) 公式3
∑MS2=0=TB(X+Y+Z)-Tout(X) 公式4
其中,MS1和MS2分别定义为围绕第一太阳齿轮S1和第二太阳齿轮S2的力矩。
图18和19显示了第一马达12和第二马达14在规定的扭矩下运行,如显示恒定扭矩的水平线所代表的那样,以及马达12、14的速度如何变化以实现效率最大化。与速度比模式一样,马达12、14运行的最有效部分是在图形的最暗部分,也就是中心部分。在这个速度范围内运行是最理想的,可以最大限度地提高马达12、14的效率。
参照图20,显示了具有两个输入的变速器10(图1和11)的杠杆图。该杠杆图与图5所示的单输入变速器的杠杆图基本相似。两种配置之间的一个区别是,变速器10有两个输入轴44、126,其中第一输入轴44从第一马达12(A马达)接收扭矩,第二输入轴126从第二马达14(B马达)接收扭矩。两种配置的另一个区别是使用两个可控离合器140(K23)、142(K24),而不是单一可控离合器66(K13)。
第一马达12(A马达)的输出被第一输入轴44(轴1)接收,该轴被固定在第二齿轮组50的第四旋转部件60(太阳齿轮S2)上。第二马达14(B马达)的输出被第二输入轴126(轴2)接收。第二输入轴126(轴2)与第一可控离合器140(K23)和第二可控离合器142(K24)连接。第一可控离合器140(K23)在两个方向上工作,正如二极管144、146所示,它们的方向是相反的。开关150说明,离合器140(K23)是可控的,可以锁定或允许双向旋转。第二可控离合器142(K24)在两个方向上运行,如二极管152、154所示,它们的方向相反。开关156说明可控离合器142(K24)是可控的,可以锁定或允许在两个方向旋转。
第一可控离合器140(K23)将第二输入轴126(轴2)与输出轴26(轴3)相联。第二可控离合器142(K24)将第二输入轴126(轴2)与第四轴80(轴4)相联。如上所述,输出轴26被固定在第一齿轮组46的第三旋转部件56(环形R1)和第二齿轮组50的第五旋转部件62(托架C2)上。
变速器10还包括第一可控制动器76(B04),该制动器将第一齿轮组46的第一旋转部件52(太阳齿轮S1)接合至变速器壳体16。第一可控制动器76也有符号B04,因为它是连接变速器壳体16(轴0)和第四轴80(轴4)的制动器。第一可控制动器76与可控离合器140、142类似,它由两个二极管82、84表示,代表在两个方向上的操作。第一可控制动器76与可控离合器140、142不同的是,每个操作方向都可以独立控制,如两个开关86、90所代表的那样。第一可控制动器76的操作将在随后更详细地讨论。
该变速器10还包括第二可控制动器92(B05),它将第一齿轮组46的第二旋转件54(托架C1)和第二齿轮组50的第六旋转件64(环R2)接合到变速器壳体16。第二可控制动器92与第一可控制动器76的不同之处在于,它只具有控制槽口盘94(轴5)是否旋转的能力,或者控制它是否被绑定在变速器壳体16上并防止旋转。因此,第二可控制动器92只包括单一的开关96,代表第二可控离合器92(B05)的两种状态是开或关,两个二极管100、102表示第二可控制动器92(B05)可以在两个方向上锁定,或者它可以在两个方向上自由移动。
由于第一46和第二50齿轮组是环-托架/环-托架齿轮组,图20中的动力流中描述的连接,以及第一马达输出轴18和第二马达输出轴19是同轴的,第二马达14(B马达)能够直接驱动输出轴26(轴3)。由于这种能力,操作模式的数量有所增加。在图中所示的实施例中,第一马达输出轴18延伸穿过第二马达输出轴19。因此,第二马达输出轴19是空心的,且提供了供第一马达输出轴18穿过的空间。
在图20中,稳态杠杆104代表主机车辆不运动时的情况。操作杆106代表车辆通过第一马达12(A马达)和/或第二马达14(B马达)的操作而移动时。第一可控离合器140(K23)是断开的,正如开关150打开所代表的。此外,第二可控离合器142(K24)是闭合的。因此,第二马达14(B马达)与第一齿轮组46的第一旋转件52(太阳齿轮S1)相联。由于第一可控制动器76(B04)是打开的,所以第一旋转部件52(太阳齿轮S1)没有接地到变速器壳体16。最后,关闭第二可控制动器92(B05),将第一齿轮组46的第二旋转件54(托架C1)和第二齿轮组50的第六旋转件64(环形齿轮R2)通过槽口盘94(轴5)磨到变速器壳体16上。
在这种配置中,第一马达12在前进方向运行,由箭头160表示,而第二马达14在反向运行,由箭头162表示。通过举例,并不是为了限制,根据齿轮组46、50和马达12、14的设计,提供了示范性的扭矩。鉴于第一马达12(A马达)的输出在第二太阳齿轮60(太阳齿轮S2)上提供1000NM的扭矩,而第二马达14的输出在第一旋转件52(太阳齿轮S1)上以相反的方向提供1000NM的扭矩,结果在第一齿轮组46的第二旋转件54(托架C1)和第二齿轮组50的第六旋转件64(环形齿轮R2)上的扭矩为4272NM,在输出轴26上的输出扭矩为6272NM。这是"一档"。
参照图21,这与图20的实施例相同,变速器10处于不同的状态。更具体地说,第二马达14(B马达)如箭头164所示,在前进方向的输出为1000NM。第一马达12(A马达)在前进方向上继续输出1000NM的扭矩,如前进箭头160所示。第一可控离合器140(K23)现在关闭,第二可控离合器142现在打开。在第一可控制动器76和第二可控制动器92(B04和B05)与图26中的状态不变的情况下,变速器10处于"二档",输出轴26的输出扭矩为4636NM。
参照图22,变速器10现在处于"三档"。这是通过解锁第二可控制动器92(B05)来实现的,正如打开的开关96所代表的那样,并锁定第一可控制动器76的两个方向,正如闭合第一可控制动器76的两个开关86、90所代表的那样。继续此例,输出轴26(轴3)在第三档只接受2725NM的力。
参照图23,变速器10显示处于"四档"。两个可控离合器140、142(K23、K24)都闭合,允许第二马达14(B马达)通过第三旋转件56(环形齿轮R1)和第五旋转件62(托架C2)的组合向第一旋转件52(太阳齿轮S1)以及输出轴26(轴3)施加扭矩。此外,两个可控制动器76、92(B04、B05)都被打开,使旋转部件52、54、56、60、62、64都不与变速器壳体16接地。
参照图24,变速器10现在处于"反向"状态。第一马达12(A马达)以相反的方向运行,如箭头166所示。第一可控离合器140(K23)打开,使第二马达14(B马达)不再与输出轴26(轴3)连接。第二可控离合器142(K24)闭合,为第二马达14(B马达)在前进方向164上产生的扭矩提供路径,该扭矩被第一旋转部件52(太阳齿轮S1)接收。第一可控制动器76(B04)是打开的,所以第一旋转部件52(太阳齿轮S1)没有与变速器壳体16接地。第二可控制动器92(B05)闭合,将第二旋转件54(托架C1)和第六旋转件64(环形齿轮R2)与地面(变速器壳体16)相联。继续上面开始的数字例子,第一马达12(A马达)提供的1000NM的反向扭矩和第二马达14(B马达)提供的1000NM的正向扭矩将导致在输出轴26(轴3)上产生6273NM的反向扭矩。
图25A至25E是第一马达12(A马达)和第二马达14(B马达)如何作用于延伸穿过由第一齿轮组46和第二齿轮组50产生的四个节点的杠杆的简化示意图。在图25A中,第一马达12有效地对杠杆104的顶部节点施加了前进方向的扭矩,第二马达14对杠杆104的底部节点施加了反方向的扭矩。第一马达12(A马达)保持这种配置直到图25D,表示第一马达12(A马达)从"第一档"开始到"第四档"有相同的输出。这导致输出轴26(轴3)在前进方向有一个与"第一档"相称的大扭矩。在图25B中,第二马达14(B马达)正从顶部对第二节点施加向前指向的扭矩,这也代表输出轴26(轴3)以及四节点联动机构的第二节点(代表第二旋转件54(托架C1)和第六旋转件64(环形齿轮R2))被锁定就位,因为第二可控制动器(B05)正将该节点接地到该变速器壳体16。在图25C中,马达12、14保持相同的配置,但四节点联动机构的底部节点,也就是第一旋转部件52(太阳齿轮S1)被锁定,由于该部件52接到变速器壳体16(地),因此不能旋转。在图25D中,马达12、14保持相同的连接,但四节点联动机构的所有节点都可以自由旋转,这由此事实所体现,即杠杆大致平行于杠杆104,这代表了车辆以0英里/小时(零速)存在。在图25E中,第二个节点再次被锁定(接地)。在这种配置中,第二马达14(B马达)再次与第一旋转部件52(太阳齿轮S1)耦合,第一马达12(A马达)反向运行,导致输出轴26(轴3)具有反向的扭矩,这样,变速器10就处于"反向"。
参照图26,显示了基于离合器激活的变速器运行的不同模式的表格。对于不同的模式,"A1B1"是"一档","A1B2"是"二档","A2B2"是"三档","A3B2"是四档,"Rev"是"倒档"。图11和20至24所示配置中的变速器10还可以在另外两种模式下运行,即"停车"和"坡道保持"。通过打开两个可控制动器76、92,四节点联动机构的底部两个节点与变速器壳体16接合,导致变速器10没有移动。这是一种"停车"状态,防止车辆移动。在"坡道保持"模式下,只有二极管82、84中的一个被打开,防止车辆从山上滚下来。这在停在山上时很有用。车辆在山上时的方向将决定第一个可控离合器76(B04)的两个开关86、90中的哪个被打开。
图27、28和29是具有两组齿轮的变速器三种类型的四节点联动关系的框图。图27展示了拉维诺齿轮组和其各自的四节点联动机构示意图。图28表示环-托架/环-托架齿轮组及其各自的四节点联动机构示意图。而图29展示了辛普森齿轮组和其各自的四节点联动机构示意图。
三输入配置
参照图30,变速器10呈现为包括三个输入的配置。在所示的实施例中,三个输入包括第一马达12(A马达)、第二马达14(B马达)和内燃机170(ICE)。如上所述,上述元件在本节中描述时将有相同的附图标记。虽然一些括号内的命名发生了变化(额外的轴需要不同的连接),但附图标记将与上面一样保持不变。
第一可控离合器140(K23)、第二可控离合器(K36)、第一可控制动器76(B06)、第二可控制动器(B07)和代表第一齿轮组46和第二齿轮组50的四节点联动机构都是以上述相同的配置连接。
增加内燃机170(ICE)需要增加第三齿轮组172,该齿轮组具有第七旋转部件174(太阳齿轮S0)、第八旋转部件176(环形齿轮R0)和第九旋转部件180(环形齿轮A0)。内燃机170(ICE)的输出与第八旋转部件176(环形齿轮R0)相联。第九旋转部件180(环形齿轮A0)与第一输入轴44(轴1)相联,该轴与第四旋转部件60(太阳齿轮S2)相联。第七旋转部件174(太阳齿轮S0)通过第三可控离合器182(K45)与第二马达14(B马达)操作连接。
第二马达14(B马达)也通过第四可控离合器184(K34)与第二可控离合器142(K36)相联。最后,第二马达14(B马达)也通过第三可控制动器186(B04)与变速器壳体16(地)接合。
变速器10的运行,当它结合使用图30中描述的内燃机170(ICE)时,运行模式包括不使用内燃机170(ICE)的情况下使用变速器10。这就是EV模式(图37示表格的前四行)。混动模式显示在接下来的四行中,其中第一马达12(A马达)、第二马达14(B马达)和内燃机170(ICE)都在车辆运行的某些规定条件下提供扭矩。变速器10可以只在汽油模式下运行,如接下来的两行"ICE"所标识的那样。这些模式完全依赖内燃机170(ICE)提供的扭矩。"停车"模式是下一行,它可以识别车辆的速度为零且没有参与移动时。"坡道保持"模式是一种允许车辆在坡道上保持一个位置,同时准备向与坡道方向相反的方向移动的模式。最后一种模式是"发电机"模式,据此,车辆可以将第二马达14(B马达)用作发电机,为可电性连接到与第二马达14(B马达)电性连接的电接口/输出口(未示出)的设备或电路供电或充电。可控离合器140、142、182、184和可控制动器76、92、186在图37的表格中被标识出来,以显示这些装置中哪些是激活的,以促成上述和图37中确定的任何一种模式。
参照图32,显示了三输入配置的另一个实施例。图30中所示的实施例与图32中所示的实施例之间的区别在于所使用的离合器类型。在图30所示的实施例中,第三可控离合器182(K45)、第四可控离合器184(K34)和第三可控制动器186(B04)都是二位装置。这些装置182、184、186都被一个单一的三档离合器190所取代,其中三档离合器190将轴2与连接第二马达14(B马达)和第七旋转件174(太阳齿轮S0)的轴4联接在一个位置;它将第二马达14(B马达)与第二可控离合器142(K36)联接;或者,它让第二马达14(B马达)与变速器10的其他部分分离。
参照图33,所示的实施例与图32所示的实施例类似。除了三档离合器190之外,在三档离合器190和第七旋转件174(太阳齿轮S0)之间还增加了制动器192(B04)。该制动器192(B04)将第七旋转件174(太阳齿轮S0)接地,以使内燃机170(ICE)在超驰模式下运行。
参照图34A至36,显示了图30、32和33中所示的实施例的方框图。这些图代表了变速器10在设计中的布局方式。在图34A中,方框图表示图30的杠杆图中所示的变速器10。在图34B中,方框图表示图33的杠杆图中所示的变速器10,但有两个双向离合器而不是一个三向离合器。在图35中,方框图表示图32的杠杆图中所示的变速器10。最后,在图36中,方框图表示图33的杠杆图中所示的变速器10。
参照图4、38和39,变速器10的不同实施例以横截面显示。变速器10是模块化的,因为它可以以不同的方式进行配置,同时保持变速器壳体16内的几乎所有内装物不变。变速器10的设计允许它根据安装变速器10的主机车辆的情况,扩大处理更大范围的扭矩。在图4中,第一输入轴44是唯一的输入轴。本实施例仅使用来自第一马达12(A马达)的一个输入。从某种意义上说,这是变速器10的最基本配置。
在接下来的复述中,如图38所示,变速器有两个输入轴44、126。第一输入轴44有外径194,第二输入轴126有内径196,第一输入轴44的外径194小于第二输入轴126的内径196。第一输入轴44延伸穿过第二输入轴126。在所示的实施例中,第二输入轴126是凹口板。为了适配第二输入轴126,增加了第二可控离合器142(K24),而其他增加的就很少了。
将模块化提高到一个新的水平,壳体盖20可以是待用几个壳体盖20中的一个。每个壳体盖20都被配置为可安装在变速器壳体16上,由此壳体盖20提供了不同的运行配置。参照图39,与图38的外壳盖20相比,外壳盖20进一步向外延伸远离变速器壳体16。这是因为图39的壳体盖20容纳了一个齿轮组200,作为扭矩倍增器使用。由于变速器10是模块化的,附加的扭矩倍增器200可以加到变速器10上,而且变速器10可以在具有扭矩倍增齿轮组200的版本(图39)和没有扭矩倍增齿轮组200的供应版本(图38)之间互换。
本发明已经以说明性的方式进行了描述。应当理解的是,所使用的术语是描述性的,而不是限制性的。
根据上述教导,本发明的许多修改和变化是可能的。因此,在所附权利要求的范围内,本发明可以按具体描述的方式以外的方式实施。
Claims (24)
1.一个变速器组件,包括:
变速器壳体;
第一齿轮组,包括设置在所述变速器壳体内的第一、第二和第三旋转元件;
第二齿轮组,包括设置在所述变速器壳体内的第四、第五和第六旋转元件,该第二齿轮组与所述第一齿轮组相邻;
与所述第一齿轮组的所述第三旋转元件和所述第二齿轮组的所述第五旋转元件相联的输出轴;
与所述第二齿轮组的所述第一旋转元件相联的第一输入轴;
与所述第一齿轮组的所述第一旋转元件相联的第一可控离合器;
第二输入轴,与所述第一可控离合器相联,从而所述第一可控离合器选择性地将所述第二输入轴与所述第一齿轮组的所述第一旋转元件相联;
第二可控离合器,通过所述第一齿轮组的所述第三旋转元件和所述第二齿轮组的所述第五旋转元件,将所述第二输入轴与所述输出轴选择性地相联;
第一可控制动器,选择性地将所述第一旋转元件与所述变速器壳体接合;以及
第二可控制动器,选择性地将所述第一齿轮组的所述第二旋转元件和所述第二齿轮组的所述第六旋转元件接合到所述变速器壳体,从而控制所述第一和第二可控离合器以及所述第一和第二可控制动器即可控制所述输出轴的扭矩,所述扭矩作为驱动所述第一和第二输入轴的力的函数。
2.如权利要求1所述的变速器组件,其中所述第一齿轮组的两个所述旋转元件与所述第二齿轮组的两个所述旋转元件相联,形成由四个节点定义的联动机构。
3.如权利要求2所述的变速器组件,其中所述第一可控制动器被锁定地控制状态的改变,从而保持所述变速器组件的预期传动比。
4.如权利要求3所述的变速器组件,其中所述第一可控制动器可在两个方向独立控制。
5.如权利要求1所述的变速器组件,其中所述第一输入轴确定了外径,所述第二输入轴确定了大于所述第一输入轴外径的内径。
6.如权利要求5所述的变速器组件,其中所述第一输入轴延伸穿过所述第二输入轴。
7.如权利要求1所述的变速器组件,其中所述的第一和第二齿轮组接合在一起,形成环-托架/环-托架齿轮组配置,该配置可由四节点联动机构定义。
8.如权利要求6所述的变速器组件,其中所述环-托架/环-托架齿轮组配置包括与所述第六旋转元件相联的所述第二旋转元件和与所述第五旋转元件相联的所述第三旋转元件。
9.如权利要求1所述的变速器组件,其中所述第一可控离合器将所述第二输入轴与所述输出轴接合。
10.一个变速器组件,包括:
变速器壳体;
第一齿轮组,包括设置在所述变速器壳体内的第一、第二和第三旋转元件;
第二齿轮组,包括设置在所述变速器壳体内的第四、第五和第六旋转元件,该第二齿轮组与所述第一齿轮组相邻;
与所述第一齿轮组的所述第三旋转元件和所述第二齿轮组的所述第五旋转元件相联的输出轴;
与所述第二齿轮组的所述第一旋转元件相联的输入轴;
可控离合器,连接在位于第一端的所述输入轴和位于第二端的所述输出轴之间;
第一可控制动器,选择性地将所述第一旋转元件与所述变速器壳体接合;以及
第二可控制动器,选择性地将所述第一齿轮组的所述第二旋转元件和所述第二齿轮组的所述第六旋转元件接合到所述变速器壳体,从而控制所述第一和第二可控离合器以及所述第一和第二可控制动器即可控制所述输出轴的扭矩,所述扭矩作为驱动所述第一和第二输入轴的力的函数。
11.一个传动系组件,包括:
变速器壳体;
与所述变速器壳体间隔设置的第一马达,所述第一马达具有第一马达输出轴;
与所述变速器壳体相邻的第二马达,所述第二马达具有与所述第一马达输出轴同轴的第二马达输出轴;
第一齿轮组,包括设置在所述变速器壳体内的第一、第二和第三旋转元件;
第二齿轮组,包括设置在所述变速器壳体内的第四、第五和第六旋转元件,该第二齿轮组与所述第一齿轮组相邻;
与所述第一齿轮组的所述第三旋转元件和所述第二齿轮组的所述第五旋转元件相联的输出轴;
第一输入轴,其一端与所述第一马达输出轴相联,另一端与所述第二齿轮组的所述第一旋转元件相联;
与所述第一齿轮组的所述第一旋转元件相联的第一可控离合器;
第二输入轴,其一端与所述第二马达输出轴相联,另一端与所述第一可控离合器相联,从而使所述第一可控离合器选择性地将所述第二输入轴与所述第一齿轮组的所述第一旋转元件相联;
第二可控离合器,通过所述第一齿轮组的所述第三旋转元件和所述第二齿轮组的所述第五旋转元件,将所述第二输入轴与所述输出轴选择性地相联;
第一可控制动器,选择性地将所述第一旋转元件与所述变速器壳体接合;以及
第二可控制动器,选择性地将所述第一齿轮组的所述第二旋转元件和所述第二齿轮组的所述第六旋转元件接合到所述变速器壳体,从而控制所述第一和第二可控离合器以及所述第一和第二可控制动器即可控制所述输出轴的扭矩,所述扭矩作为驱动所述第一和第二输入轴的力的函数。
12.如权利要求11所述的传动系组件,其中所述第二马达输入轴限定了内径和外径。
13.如权利要求12所述的传动系组件,其中所述第一马达输入轴延伸穿过所述第二马达输入轴。
14.如权利要求13所述的传动系组件,其中所述第一马达输入轴限定的外径小于所述第二马达输入轴的所述内径。
15.如权利要求13所述的传动系组件,其中所述第二马达与所述变速器壳体和所述第一马达相联,使所述第二马达处于所述第一马达和所述变速器壳体之间。
16.如权利要求11所述的传动系组件,其中所述第一马达和所述第二马达在所述变速器壳体的两侧固定在所述变速器壳体上。
17.一个变速器组件,包括:
限定出开口端的变速器壳体;
第一齿轮组,包括设置在所述变速器壳体内的第一、第二和第三旋转元件;
第二齿轮组,包括设置在所述变速器壳体内的第四、第五和第六旋转元件,该第二齿轮组与所述第一齿轮组相邻;
与所述第一齿轮组的所述第三旋转元件和所述第二齿轮组的所述第五旋转元件相联的输出轴,所述输出轴延伸穿过所述壳体盖的所述开口;
与所述第二齿轮组的所述第一旋转元件相联的第一输入轴;
与所述第一齿轮组的所述第一旋转元件相联的第一可控离合器;
第二输入轴,与所述第一无摩擦可控离合器,从而所述第一可控离合器选择性地将所述第二输入轴与所述第一齿轮组的所述第一旋转元件相联;
第二可控离合器,将所述第二输入轴与所述第一齿轮组的所述第三旋转元件和所述第二齿轮组的所述第五旋转元件选择性地相联;
第一可控制动器,选择性地将所述第一旋转元件与所述变速器壳体接合;
第二可控制动器,选择性地将所述第一齿轮组的所述第二旋转元件和所述第二齿轮组的所述第六旋转元件接合到所述变速器壳体,从而控制所述第一和第二可控离合器以及所述第一和第二可控制动器即可控制所述输出轴的扭矩,所述扭矩作为驱动所述第一和第二输入轴的力的函数;以及
与所述变速器壳体同轴的壳体盖,其覆盖所述变速器壳体的所述开口端,所述壳体盖具有盖口,所述输出轴延伸穿过该盖口,其中所述壳体盖为多个不同的壳体盖中的一个,由此,所述多个不同的壳体盖中的每一个被配置为以模块化结构安装到所述变速器壳体,从而所述多个不同的壳体盖中的每一个提供不同的操作配置。
18.如权利要求17所述的变速器组件,其中所述第一齿轮组的两个所述旋转元件与所述第二齿轮组的两个所述旋转元件相联,形成由四个节点定义的联动机构。
19.如权利要求18所述的变速器组件,其中所述第一可控制动器被锁定地控制状态的改变,从而保持所述变速器组件的预期传动比。
20.如权利要求17所述的变速器组件,其中所述第一可控制动器可在两个方向独立控制。
21.如权利要求17所述的变速器组件,其中所述第一输入轴确定了外径,所述第二输入轴确定了大于所述第一输入轴外径的内径。
22.如权利要求17所述的变速器组件,其中所述的第一和第二齿轮组接合在一起,形成环-托架/环-托架齿轮组配置,该配置可由四节点联动机构定义。
23.如权利要求22所述的变速器组件,其中所述环-托架/环-托架齿轮组配置包括与所述第六旋转元件相联的所述第二旋转元件和与所述第五旋转元件相联的所述第三旋转元件。
24.如权利要求17所述的变速器组件,其中所述第一可控离合器将所述第二输入轴与所述输出轴接合。
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US202062982419P | 2020-02-27 | 2020-02-27 | |
US62/982,419 | 2020-02-27 | ||
PCT/US2020/022328 WO2020186023A1 (en) | 2019-03-12 | 2020-03-12 | Transmission assembly and method of using same |
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EP3938680A1 (en) | 2022-01-19 |
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EP3938680A4 (en) | 2023-04-05 |
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