CN1886548B - 用非离子含氟聚合物处理无纺织物的方法 - Google Patents

用非离子含氟聚合物处理无纺织物的方法 Download PDF

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CN1886548B
CN1886548B CN2004800347187A CN200480034718A CN1886548B CN 1886548 B CN1886548 B CN 1886548B CN 2004800347187 A CN2004800347187 A CN 2004800347187A CN 200480034718 A CN200480034718 A CN 200480034718A CN 1886548 B CN1886548 B CN 1886548B
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adhesive
bonded fabric
fabric
hydrostatic head
weight
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CN1886548A (zh
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H·S·斯诺登
M·D·鲍威尔斯
P·A·肖尔
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Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc
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Abstract

本发明提供无纺织物的处理方法,以改进该无纺织物的拒醇性,这种方法包括让无纺织物与处理水溶液接触,该处理水溶液含有非离子含氟聚合物,并且基本上没有任何抗静电剂或有0.05重量%以下的抗静电剂。本发明还提供具有改进拒醇性的无纺织物。

Description

用非离子含氟聚合物处理无纺织物的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及无纺织物与无纺织物的处理方法。
本发明的背景技术
多种用途的无纺织物的生产已经成为高度发展的技术。无纺织物的生产方法包括纺粘、熔喷、梳理、气流成网等。但是,并不总是能够采用这些方法生产具有给定用途所要求品质的无纺织物。因此,通常需要采用多种方式处理无纺织物,使其具有所要求的特性。例如,对于医疗用途,例如手术服,要求它们具有不透醇、血和细菌的性能,抗静电也是很重要的。可惜,例如,使用碳氟化合物进行有关不渗透性质的处理,以及使用盐类进行抗静电的处理,对彼此都是有害的,使得需要过量的一种或两种处理。目前处理无纺织物的方法要求稍微适度带电荷的(阳离子或阴离子的)悬浮于水中的含氟聚合物,然后与单一浴处理中的阴离子抗静电剂结合,生产出拒醇的抗静电外科用织物。可惜,目前使用的抗静电剂在本质上是表面活性剂,如静水压头试验所测量的,它们对成品网的防水性为负影响。另外,这些抗静电剂易使离子含氟聚合物悬浮液去稳定,因此导致凝结和过滤器堵塞问题。要努力完全从该浴中取出抗静电剂,并将其应用到该网体侧下游的,因此因织物上吸收含氟聚合物低而导致在当量的含氟聚合物浴浓度下失去拒醇性。
因此,需要一种局部处理外科用织物的方法,这种外科用织物具有拒醇的化学性质,这种性质对织物的防水性没有负面影响。
本发明的简要说明
本发明提供了具有拒醇化学性质的无纺织物处理方法。在一个具体实施方案中,本发明的方法包括让底物与含有非离子的含氟聚合物和水的处理溶液接触,其中这种处理溶液不含有或含有约0.05重量%以下的抗静电剂。这种无纺底物可以是或可以包括无纺织物层压制品,如纺粘/熔喷(SM)层压制品、纺粘/熔喷/纺粘(SMS)层压制品、纺粘/薄膜/纺粘(SFS)层压制品、纺粘/薄膜/纺粘/熔喷/纺粘(SFSMS)层压制品或纺粘/薄膜/薄膜/纺粘(SFFS)层压制品。本发明的处理织物层压制品用作外科用织物。
在一个具体实施方案中,本发明提供了无纺织物的处理方法,以改进该无纺织物的拒醇性,同时使这种处理对该无纺织物防水性的任何负面影响最小,这种方法包括让无纺织物与处理水溶液接触,该处理水溶液含有约0.1-约0.9重量%非离子含氟聚合物,并且基本上没有任何抗静电剂或有0.05重量%以下的抗静电剂,其中相对于未处理的无纺织物静水压头值,经处理的无纺织物静水压头值降低不大于45%。理想地,相对于未处理的无纺织物静水压头值,经处理的无纺织物静水压头值降低不大于30%,更理想地不大于25%,甚至更理想地不大于20%,更加理想地不大于15%,最理想地不大于10%。处理溶液可以是处理水溶液,包括将无纺织物或部分无纺织物浸在这种处理水溶液容器中或在其中移动。理想地,这种处理水溶液是非离子含氟聚合物在水中的稳定分散体,其中相对于未处理的无纺织物静水压头值,这种经处理的无纺织物静水压头值降低不大于25%。这种无纺织物可选自纺粘织物、熔喷织物及其层压制品。理想地,这种处理溶液含有0.005重量%以下抗静电剂。更理想地,这种处理溶液不含抗静电剂,并且该方法还包括在后面的处理步骤中,让无纺织物与含有抗静电剂的第二种溶液接触。例如,建议这种方法还包括让经处理的无纺织物的一面与含有抗静电剂的第二种处理溶液接触,以改进抗静电性能。理想地,相对于未处理的无纺织物静水压头值,经处理的无纺织物静水压头值降低不大于10%。抗静电剂可以是有机磷酸酯。在至少一个具体实施方案中,本发明提供具有改进拒醇性的处理的无纺织物,根据联邦试验标准(Federal Test Standard)191A,方法5514,测定其静水压头值大于45毫巴。更理想地,本发明提供了经处理的无纺织物,根据INDA标准试验(Standard Test)No.IST80.9-74(R-82)测定它的拒醇性至少70%,根据联邦试验标准191A,方法5514测定其静水压头值大于45毫巴,相对于未处理的无纺织物,这种无纺织物的静水压头值降低小于10%。更理想地,根据INDA标准试验No.IST 80.9-74(R-82)测定它的拒醇性至少75%,根据联邦试验标准191A,方法5514测定其静水压头值大于45毫巴。该无纺织物可以是层压制品,它包括至少一个纺粘层,更理想地至少一个熔喷层。例如,无纺织物可以是控制感染的织物,它是或者含有纺粘/熔喷/纺粘层压制品、纺粘/薄膜/纺粘层压制品、纺粘/薄膜/纺粘/熔喷/纺粘层压制品或纺粘/薄膜/薄膜/纺粘层压制品。在某些具体实施方案中,处理溶液含有约0.15重量%以上的非离子含氟聚合物或非离子含氟聚合物的混合物。在其他的具体实施方案中,这种处理溶液含有约0.20重量%以上的非离子含氟聚合物或非离子含氟聚合物的混合物。在另外一些具体实施方案中,这种处理溶液包括约0.25重量%以上非离子含氟聚合物或非离子含氟聚合物的混合物。这种处理溶液还可以含有任选的醇,例如烷基醇。这种非离子含氟聚合物或这些含氟聚合物可选自氟烷基丙烯酸酯均聚物、氟烷基丙烯酸酯共聚物、氟化硅氧烷、氟化硅酮、氟化尿烷及其混合物。在至少一个具体实施方案中,这种非离子的含氟聚合物是非离子的氟烷基丙烯酸酯共聚物。
本发明还提供根据本发明方法处理的无纺织物,特别是适用于控制感染产品的无纺织物。在一个理想的具体实施方案中,这种无纺织物包括第一表面和第二相对表面,其中第一表面包括非离子含氟聚合物,第二表面包括抗静电剂。这种无纺织物可以是层压制品或部分层压制品。
在另一个具体实施方案中,本发明提供了改进该无纺层压制品拒醇性的方法,这种改进是通过对无纺层压制品进行局部处理,同时将这种局部处理对这种无纺层压制品防水性的任何负面影响降到最小,该方法包括以下步骤:提供无纺层压制品;使无纺层压制品或部分无纺层压制品与处理水溶液相接触,该溶液含有约0.20-约5重量%非离子含氟聚合物或非离子含氟聚合物的混合物,这里这些非离子含氟聚合物选自非离子氟烷基丙烯酸酯均聚物、氟烷基丙烯酸酯共聚物、氟化硅氧烷、氟化硅酮、氟化尿烷及其混合物;然后让经局部处理的无纺层压制品表面与选自有机磷酸酯的抗静电剂接触。
附图的简要说明
参照下述说明书描述的各个具体实施方案以及附图,将更全面地理解本发明,本发明的其它优点也变得显而易见,这些图是:
图1是本发明的一个处理方法具体实施方案示意图,该方案采用饱和处理步骤,后接喷射处理步骤。
图2是本发明的第二种处理方法具体实施方案示意图,该方案使用泡沫喷注器而不是喷射步骤。
图3是采用喷墨处理的本发明方法示范第二个步骤示意图。
图4是本发明方法第三种处理具体实施方案的示意图,对相对的面进行抗静电和防护处理。
在本说明书和附图中重复使用的附图标记,目的在于表示本发明的相同或类似的特征或元件。
试验方法
静水压头:织物防液体渗漏性能的度量是静水压头试验。静水压头试验确定水的高度(以厘米记),这个高度是在预确定量的液体通过之前织物应支持的高度。具有较高静水压头读数的织物表示它比静水压头读数更低的织物具有更大的防液体渗漏性。根据联邦试验标准191A,方法5514进行静水压头试验。
改进该试验,使其包括标准合成纤维窗纱材料的纱窗支持物。将Schmid Corporation(在南卡罗来纳州斯巴达堡拥有办公室)的TextestFX-300静水压头试验机的试验头装满纯净水。让这种纯净水保持在65-85°F(约18.3-29.4℃,该温度范围是标准的环境条件范围(约73°F(约23℃),约50%相对湿度)内)下,在这个温度范围进行了这个试验。放置一个8英寸×8英寸(20.3厘米×20.3厘米)正方形试验材料样品,让它完全盖住试验头水箱。往这种样品施加标准化水压,以恒定的速度增加其水压,直到在这种样品材料的外表面观察到渗漏。在样品的三个单独的区域,在第一个渗漏信号测量了静水压阻力。每种样品材料的40个试样都重复进行这个试验。每个试样的耐静水压力结果进行平均并以毫巴记录。此外,较高的值表示更耐水渗透,可理想用于阻档层的应用。
醇:设计拒醇性试验,以测量无纺织物耐低表面张力液体(例如醇/水溶液)渗透性。根据下述试验方法试验了拒醇性。在这个试验中,在织物表面的几个不同位置放0.1毫升特定体积百分数的异丙醇(IPA)溶液,让这种样品静置5分钟,这样测量该织物耐低表面能流体渗透性。在该试验中,在一个平表面上放置织物样品,再在该样品上放置0.1毫升连续稀释(从60体积%至100体积%,按照增量10%增加)的蒸馏异丙醇和蒸馏水溶液。5分钟后,目测该表面,记录这种织物样品保留的最高浓度。例如,如果最小值是70%IPA溶液,即这种织物保留70%IPA溶液,而80%溶液渗透通过织物到达下面表面。分级等级是0-5,0表示IPA溶液使这种织物润湿,5表示最大的防渗性。除非另外指出,报告的拒醇(IPA)性百分数表示能往水添加IPA的最大体积百分数,同时在所有试验织物点还保留着5级分级等级。该程序是INDA标准试验No.IST 80.9-74(R-82)的一种改进方法。
耐血渗透(RBP):织物的透印或耐渗血是在特定压力下透过织物血量的度量。通过称量在试验前后紧邻这种织物的吸墨纸的重量,进行渗血试验,该试验是向背离吸墨纸的织物侧(该侧上面有血)施加1磅/平方英寸表压(psig)压力。在约10秒内升高压力,达到1psig时撤去压力。试验前后吸墨纸重量的差(以克表示)表示已渗入织物的血量。
抓样拉伸试验:抓样拉伸试验是织物受到单向应力时该织物断裂强度和伸长或应变的度量。在本技术领域中人们知道这个试验,并根据联邦试验标准191A的方法5514说明书进行这个试验。这些结果在断裂时用磅或克数表示,在断裂前用百分伸长率表示。数越大,表明织物越牢,越能拉长。术语“负载”表示在拉伸试验中样品破裂或断裂所需的最大负载或力,其负载或力用重量单位表示。术语“总能量”表示以重量-长度单位表示的在负载与伸长率曲线下的总能量。术语“伸长”表示试样在拉伸试验中增加的长度。抓样拉伸试验使用两个夹子,每个夹子有两个钳口,每个钳口有一面与样品接触。这些夹子使材料保持在同一平面中,通常是垂直的,两个夹子相隔3英寸(76毫米),并以一定伸展速度分开。采用样品大小4英寸(102毫米)×6英寸(152毫米),钳口面大小为1英寸(25毫米)×1英寸,恒定伸展速度300毫米/分钟,得到抓样拉伸强度和抓样伸长值。这种样品比夹子钳口宽,得到在辊隙宽度的纤维有效强度与织物中由相邻纤维贡献出的额外强度相结合的代表性结果。这种试样夹在例如Sintech 2试验机(从Sintech Corporation,1001Sheldon Drive,卡雷,北卡罗来纳州27513获得)中,Instron Model TM(从Instron Corporation,2500Washington Street,坎顿,马萨诸塞州02021获得),或Thwing-Albert Model INTELLECT II(从Thwing-Albert InstrumentCo.,10960 Dutton Road,费城,宾夕法尼亚州19154获得)。这样精密模仿了在实际应用中的织物应力条件。报告的结果是三个样品的平均数,可以按横向(CD)或纵向(MD)得到这些样品结果。
根据INDA标准试验40.2-92测定抗静电性。
由Frazier孔隙率试验、ASTM标准D737“织物透气性”,以及联邦试验方法标准No.191A方法5450得到孔隙率结果,除了样品尺寸8英寸×8英寸之外。
定义
本说明书和权利要求书中所使用的术语“包括”是包含或开放式的,并不排除额外未列举的元件、组成部分或方法步骤。
这里所使用的术语“无纺织物或网”表示具有单纤维或线结构的网,但它们以与针织物不同的方式交织在一起。采用多种方法,例如熔喷法、纺粘法、粘合梳理法等形成无纺织物或网。无纺织物的单位重量通常用平方码盎司材料(osy)或克每平方米克(gsm)数表示,使用纤维直径通常用微米或当量表示,但更多地使用公认术语,微米。(注意:将osy转换成gsm时,osy乘以33.91)。这里所用的术语“纺粘纤维”系指小直径纤维,它是将熔融的热塑材料通过具有挤出细丝直径的喷丝头的多根细的通常为圆形的毛细管挤出成细丝,然后迅速减小而形成的,例如在Appel等人的US专利号4340563、Dorschner等人的US专利号3692618、Matsuki等人的US专利号3802817、Kinney的US专利号3338992和3341394、Hartman的US专利号3502763和Dobo等人的US专利号3542615中所描述的。当纺粘纤维附着在收集表面上时,它们通常并不粘。纺粘纤维通常是连续的,其平均直径(至少10个样品的)大于7微米,更特别地约10-20微米。这些纤维还可以有一些形状,例如Hogle等人的US专利号5277976、Hills的US专利号5466419和Largman等人的US专利号5069970和US专利号5057368描述描述了具有非传统形状的纤维。
这里使用的术语“熔喷纤维”表示将熔融热塑性材料通过多个细的通常为圆形的模毛细管,以熔融线或细丝形式挤出到会聚高速度的通常热气(如空气)流中,使熔融热塑性材料细丝变细,降低它们的直径,可能降低到微纤维直径。此后,熔喷纤维被高速气流带着,附着在收集表面上,形成随机分散的熔喷纤维网。例如Butin等人的US专利号3849241公开了这样一种方法。熔喷纤维是连续或非连续的微纤维,其平均直径通常小于10微米,当其附着在收集表面上时,一般是粘的。
这里使用的术语“多层层压制品”表示一种层压制品,其中一些层例如通过纺粘形成,一些层通过熔喷形成等,例如纺粘/熔喷/纺粘(SMS)层压制品,以及Brock等人的US专利号4041203、Collier等人的US专利号5169706、Potts等人的US专利号5145727、Perkins等人的US专利号5178931和Timmons等人的US专利号5188885公开的其它层压制品。在移动形成带上,顺序地首先沉积纺粘织物层,然后熔喷织物层,最后另一个纺粘层,然后以下述方式将这种层压制品粘合起来,可以制成这样的层压制品。或者,可单独地制作织物层,收集成辊,然后在分开的粘合步骤中合并起来。这样织物的织物单位重量通常是约0.1-12osy(3-400gsm),更特别地约0.75-约3osy。多层的层压制品还可以具有多种不同结构的有不同数量的熔喷层或多个纺粘层,可以包括其他材料,如薄膜(F)或共成型材料,例如SMMS、SM、SFS等。
这里使用的术语“聚合物”一般包括但不局限于均聚物、共聚物,例如嵌段共聚物、接枝共聚物、无规共聚物和交替共聚物、三元共聚物等,它们的掺合物和改性物。此外,除非有其他特别限定,术语“聚合物”还应包括该分子的所有可能几何构型。这些构型包括但不局限于全同立构、间规和任意对称。
这里使用的术语“共轭纤维”系指这样形成的纤维,即由分开的挤出机挤出的至少两种聚合物,但纺在一起形成一条纤维。有时,共轭纤维也系指多组分或双组分纤维。尽管共轭纤维可以是单组分纤维,但这些聚合物通常是彼此不相同的。在共轭纤维的横截面上,聚合物按照基本不变的不同区域排列,沿着共轭纤维的长度连续延伸。这种共轭纤维的构型例如可以是皮/芯排列,其中一种聚合物被另一种聚合物包围,或者一侧接一侧的排列、分层饼排列或“海中岛”排列方式。在Kaneko等人的US专利号5108820、Krueger等人的US专利号4795668、Marcher等人的US专利号5540992和Strack等人的US专利号5336552中教导了共轭纤维。在Pike等人的US专利号5382400中也教导了共轭纤维,通过采用两种(或两种以上)聚合物的不同速度伸缩,它们可以用于在纤维中产生卷曲。采用机械方法和采用德国专利DT 2513251A1所述的方法也可以生产卷曲纤维。对两种组分的纤维来说,这些聚合物的比率可以是75/25、50/50、25/75或任何其他理想比率。这些纤维还可有许多形状,如Hogle等人的US专利号5277976、Hills的US专利号5466410和Largman等人的US专利号5069970和5057368,这些专利描述了具有非传统形状的各种纤维。
这里使用的“热点粘合”涉及让待粘合织物或纤维网在加热轧光辊与砧辊之间通过。轧光辊通常(尽管不总是)以某种方式形成图案,因此整个织物不是整个表面都粘合,而砧辊通常是平的。因此,由于功能以及美学的原因,曾研制各种不同的轧光辊图案。一个图案实例有一些点,它是Hansen Pennings或“H&P”图案,有约30%粘合区,约200个粘合点/平方英寸,如Hansen和Pennings的US专利号3855046所描述的。H&P图案有正方形点或针形粘合区域,其中每个针形侧面尺寸0.038英寸(0.965毫米),每个针形间距0.070英寸(1.778毫米),粘合深度0.023英寸(0.584毫米)。所得到图案的粘合面积约29.5%。另一典型的点粘合图案是伸展的Hansen Pennings或“EHP”粘合图案,它产生15%粘合面积,正方形针形有侧面尺寸0.037英寸(0.94毫米),针形间距0.097英寸(2.464毫米),深度0.039英寸(0.991毫米)。设计的另一个典型点粘合图案“714”具有正方形针形粘合区,其中每个针形侧面尺寸0.023英寸,针形间距0.062英寸(1.575毫米),粘合深度0.033英寸(0.838毫米)。得到图案具有约15%粘合面积。而另一个通用图案是C-Star图案,它的粘合面积约16.9%。这个C-Star图案有一个被流星隔断的横向条或者“条绒”设计。其他通用图案包括钻石图案,带有重复和略微偏移的钻石,粘合面积约16%,以及看起来就像名字暗示的那种线编图案,例如像窗纱,粘合面积约19%。典型地,粘合面积百分数是织物层压制品网面积的约10-约30%。如在本技术领域中人们所熟知的,通过将细丝和/或纤维粘合在各层内,这种点粘合可使这些层压制品层粘合在一起,还赋予各单个层完整性。
这里使用的术语“控制感染产品”表示在定位于医疗用途的产品,例如手术服和消毒盖布、面罩、头罩像鼓胀帽子、手术帽和护罩;鞋类像鞋罩、靴罩和拖鞋;伤口敷料、绷带、消毒包、抹布、服装像实验室外衣、工作服、围裙和外套;病人被褥、担架和摇篮被单等。
这里使用的术语“抗静电剂”系指能防止、减少和消散可能在织物材料,如无纺手术服上产生的静电荷的试剂。抗静电剂包括从StepanChemical获得的有机磷酸酯,和从田纳西克利夫兰Manufacturers Chemical获得的
Figure S04834718720060605D000092
单取代或双取代的异丁基磷酸钾。
除非另外指出,本文中的组合物百分数都是以重量表示的。
本发明的详细说明
本发明涉及无纺底物处理,使无纺底物具有所要求的性质,特别是拒醇性。建议的无纺底物包括但不限于有层压制品的无纺织物,它们包括至少一个熔喷(M)层和/或至少一个纺粘层(S)的层压制品、纺粘/熔喷(SM)层压制品、纺粘/熔喷/纺粘(SMS)层压制品、纺粘/薄膜/纺粘(SFS)层压制品、纺粘/薄膜/纺粘/熔喷/纺粘(SFSMS)层压制品、纺粘/薄膜/薄膜/纺粘(SFFS)层压制品和多种层压制品及其组合。本发明还涉及得到的无纺织物,它们例如有一个拒醇面,另一个具有抗静电性能的面,适用于生产控制感染医疗产品,其中包括手术服和消毒包装。这样的无纺织物还具有采用静水压头所测量的出色阻抗渗性,它们可用作外科用织物,用作手术服、消毒盖布、外科裹布等的组分。有利地,可以生产具有较低织物单位重量,同时还保持可接受抗渗性的本发明织物和织物层压制品。
参照上述试验方法和定义以及本发明的特定具体实施方案描述本发明,下面提到一个或多个实施例。以解释发明而非限制本发明的方式说明每个实施例。事实上,在没有超出本发明范围或精神的本发明内,对本发明作出各种修改或改变对本技术领域的技术人员来说都是显而易见的。例如,作为一个具体实施方案部分而举例或描述的特点,可以用到另一个具体实施方案,从而得到又一个具体实施方案。因此,目的在于在附加的权利要求书及其同等物的范围内,本发明覆盖了这样一些修改和改变。本发明的其他目的、特点和方面已在下述详细说明中公开,或者从下述详细说明中将变得显而易见。本领域的普通技术人员应理解到,这种论述只是例举性的具体实施方案说明,而不是用来限制本发明的更宽方面,这个更宽方面在例举性的解释中进行具体论述。
本发明提供了采用含氟聚合物化学局部处理无纺织物的改进方法,它改进了织物的拒醇性,同时将对织物防水性的任何负面影响减到最小。在一个例举性的具体实施方案中,处理无纺织物的方法包括使用含有非离子含氟聚合物、不含任何抗静电剂或基本不含任何抗静电剂的溶液或悬浮液处理无纺织物。据信,含有抗静电剂会对织物的防水性有负面影响。理想地,在处理溶液中,抗静电剂的量0.05重量%以下,甚至更理想地0.005重量%以下。已观察到,抗静电剂使处理浴溶液或悬浮液中带电荷含氟聚合物的离子含氟聚合物悬浮液去稳定。处理浴去稳定是不理想的,会造成在处理过程中聚沉和过滤器堵塞问题。在一个理想的具体实施方案中,本发明提供了局部处理手术用织物的方法,该方法包括使用含有非离子含氟聚合物的溶液或悬浮液处理这种织物。非离子含氟聚合物包括但不限于非离子氟烷基丙烯酸酯均聚物和共聚物,例如氟化硅氧烷、氟化硅酮、氟化尿烷等。可从日本Darkin Industries,Ltd在纽约Orangeberg的分支机构DaikinAmerica,Inc.获得非离子含氟聚合物,它的商标是S-1072和
Figure S04834718720060605D000102
TG-KC02。
Figure S04834718720060605D000103
TG KC-02是一种非离子氟烷基丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液,它主要由约30-31重量%非离子氟烷基丙烯酸酯共聚物,约60-62重量%水和约8重量%三丙二醇组成。另一种可从纽约Mitsubishi International Corporation购买到的非离子含氟聚合物是REPEARL F-7105。REPEARL F-7105是一种乳液,含有约30重量%非离子含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物,约60重量%水和约10重量%二丙二醇。建议含有非离子含氟聚合物的处理溶液或悬浮液不含有或基本不含有阴离子抗静电剂。在防水性处理之后,可将阴离子或其他抗静电剂应用于经处理的织物,并且只是在一个面上,以便使其对防水性的负面影响减到最少。据信,使用非离子含氟聚合物处理而不使用离子含氟聚合物处理,可以减少在处理溶液或悬浮液中静电的互相作用,改进浴液稳定性。人们还相信,静电互相作用阻碍了织物吸收处理溶液。
抗静电剂是防止或大大减少在织物上可能产生电荷的试剂,它们也被称为抗静电剂。抗静电剂包括有机磷酸酯,例如Stepan Chemical的ZELEC KC,磷酸烷基酯,它可能含有单取代和双取代的正丁基磷酸钾,和田纳西州克利夫兰的Manufacturers Chemical的QUADRASTAT PIBK,单取代和双取代的异丁基磷酸钾。
让我们来看附图,图1显示网10,例如无纺织物网,从右向左移动。在饱和喷雾设备12,向两面施加碳氟化合物喷雾。压浆辊隙辊14除去过量的碳氟化合物,当网10越过导向辊18时,真空提取器16除去额外的处理组合物。在处理站20,用喷雾装置22只是向网10的一面施加抗静电剂,优选地在碳氟化合物完全固化前的点施加抗静电剂。然后通过与蒸汽发生器24接触,使网10干燥。建议将用作手术服或其他阻挡层的无纺织物,仅其一面,即贴身一面用抗静电剂处理,以致抗静电剂不干扰织物外面的防水性。
图2显示了使用泡沫施加器施加含氟化学品,而不使用图1所示的抗静电喷雾装置22。对于图2来说,该系统在抗静电喷雾20(图1)前与图1相同,因此未绘出。在图2中,泡沫施加器32以泡沫形式施用碳氟化合物。在压浆辊36之间的辊隙34处除去多余的碳氟化合物,如图1所示,网10被引导经过蒸汽发生器24进行干燥。
图3图示性表明施加到网40的例举性第二在线处理步骤,该网40已预先使用例如图1的饱和喷雾装置12处理过。在该具体实施方案中,网40从辊42解卷,由导向辊44带着通过印刷站46,印刷站46包括喷墨打印头48和网支撑压板/排气罩50。往面向打印头的网表面施加少许抗静电剂。然后网由一个或多个驱动辊52引导并再卷绕到处理辊54上,或任选地进行其他处理。
图4显示了第三个具体实施方案,在该方案中,泡沫施加器32用于向网10的一面施加碳氟化合物,而在蒸汽发生器24,喷雾器22往相对的面施加抗静电剂。另外该方法与图2图示说明的方法类似。
实施例
通过下面的实施例进一步描述本发明。但是,这些实施例并不能解释为以任何方式限制本发明的精神或范围。
对于使用SMS织物的实施例,制成织物并处理它的一般方法如下:
如Brock等人的US专利号4041203所描述的,制成纺粘/熔喷/纺粘(SMS)层压制品,它由约35重量%第一个纺粘层、约30重量%熔喷层和约35重量%第二个纺粘层构成。制成后,用粘合辊使SMS层压制品热粘合,得到线编图案中约15%粘合面积。按规定,这个实施例制成织物的织物单位重量约1.5oz/yd2(51gsm),或约1oz/yd2(约41gsm)。粘合后,离线处理SMS层压制品。将SMS层压制品样品浸在如下所述的处理溶液中,处理SMS层压制品样品。但是,可以在线处理SMS层压制品,例如让SMS层压制品通过一般如图1所示的装有处理浴的饱和器。处理组合物中所需的非离子含氟聚合物乳液量,取决于要求的拒醇水平,一般而言认为取决于所选择的具体非离子含氟聚合物,和底物暴露于处理组合物的暴露时间。一般而言,层压制品暴露于处理组合物的时间越短,建议浴中非离子含氟聚合物乳液的量也越大,以达到在底物上的氟量,从而达到抗渗目标水平。以相同方法制备每个实施例。每个实施例的干燥、经处理材料样品都测试了拒醇性、采用静水压头测定的防水性,以及氟添加水平,以确定本方法的附加效果。
如下述各个实施例详细说明的那样改变处理组合物。添加含氟化合物,例如非离子含氟聚合物,提高最终干燥的层压制品的拒异丙醇性。加入醇,例如辛醇,有助于完全润湿层压制品。当在后面步骤中干燥除去层压制品中的水时,醇也挥发了。在含水处理浴中使用的辛醇量典型地是0.25重量%。例如在工业在线方法中,饱和(导致以织物重量计约300%纤维吸液率)后,这种织物可通过压浆辊隙,导致纤维吸液率降低到约100%,然后通过脱水真空装置,进一步将纤维吸液率降低到约40%。采用蒸汽发生器干燥后,这种经处理织物可卷绕在卡纸板芯上。
这些实施例没有应用任何抗静电剂。但是,处理浴中可以含有抗静电剂,或者在以后的处理步骤中添加抗静电剂。例如,采用雾化喷雾设备,在织物的一个面或两个面上可以施加有机磷酸酯抗静电剂。可以改变在处理组合物中含有的含氟聚合物乳液量,这取决于几个因素,其中包括但不限于所要求的拒醇性水平和底物暴露于处理溶液的时间。一般而言,这种层压制品暴露于含有含氟聚合物的处理溶液的时间越短,需要越多的含氟聚合物达到目标拒醇水平。对于DaikinTG-KC02非离子含氟聚合物悬浮液和下述实施例所选择的处理条件,使用了含有约0.1-约1重量%非离子含氟聚合物悬浮液的处理组合物。还认为含氟聚合物的量取决于选择的特定含氟聚合物。
每个实施例的处理溶液制备如下。在1000毫升烧杯中,把指定重量的含氟聚合物乳液加到水中。最初用抹刀使非离子含氟聚合物乳液与水混合,然后放在Ross高剪切混合器下。在激烈搅拌下,往这种混合物中加入指定量的其它组分(如果有的话)和指定量的辛醇,再以高速度混合2分钟。然后把该乳液转移到盘中,该盘大到足以装8英寸×10英寸SMS织物样品。然后将8英寸×10英寸SMS织物样品完全浸没在这种乳液中,再翻过来,又浸没在乳液中,以保证完全湿透。然后,饱和的SMS织物通过装有100lbs当量的Atlas实验室套环,以降低吸液率(WPU)。然后把得到的乳液加到饱和盘并连续加入,以保持使通过该设备的SMS网饱和所必需的需要流体量。在SMS上得到的配方吸液率(WPU)是SMS的300重量%。WPU可计算为WPU=100%×(湿重-干重)/干重。然后让SMS网通过绞干机,它能使纤维吸液率从300%降低到100%。从薄片中除去的液体循环回到饱和盘。最后,经处理SMS网通过高加压热空气干燥设备,这个设备能使WPU从100%降低到完全干燥(0%WPU)。
采用元素分析技术,由独立实验室(田纳西诺克斯维尔GalbraithLaboratories)测定在所述样品上氟附加物百分数。根据联邦试验标准191A,方法5514测定样品的静水压头。0.1ml指定百分浓度的异丙醇水溶液在几个不同区域放到所述织物表面上,让试样静置5分钟,这样测量样品的拒醇性。分级等级为0-5,0表示IPA溶液润湿织物,5表示最大拒醇性。除非另外指出,报告的百分拒醇(IPA)性表示可以往水中添加最大体积百分数的IPA,同时在所有试验织物点都还保留着5级等级。这种程序是INDA标准试验No.IST 80.9-74(R-82)的改进方案。
对比实施例A
对比实施例A是由未处理1.5osy SMS层压织物构成的。测定对比实施例A的拒醇性为20%IPA。测定对比实施例A的防水性为静水压头84.9±6.2毫巴。未处理的1.5osy SMS织物提供了理想的防水性,但拒醇性不能接受。
对比实施例B
对比实施例B是由未处理1.5osy SMS层压织物构成的,它在含有离子含氟聚合物和阴离子抗静电剂的浴中进行过处理。对比实施例B的含水处理浴是由水(水中溶解或至少悬浮0.69重量%阳离子含氟聚合物悬浮液,Daikin America,Inc.,鉴定为TG-KC01)和0.30重量%QUADRASTAT PIBK阴离子抗静电剂(田纳西克利夫兰Manufacturers Chemical)构成的。测定对比实施例B的拒醇性为90%IPA。测定对比实施例B的防水性为静水压头46.3±3.1毫巴。并且,测定对比实施例B的氟添加量为0.36重量%。
实施例1
实施例1是一个浸渍饱和处理方法的实施例,使用含有非离子含氟聚合物而不含有抗静电剂的处理水溶液,处理1.5osy SMS无纺外科用织物。实施例1的处理浴悬浮液由其中溶解或至少悬浮有0.85重量%非离子含氟聚合物悬浮液
Figure S04834718720060605D000142
TG-KC02(纽约Orangeberg的Daikin America,Inc.)和0.25重量%辛醇(用作加湿剂的短链醇)的水浴组成。
由Daikin获得的TG-KC02非离子含氟聚合物悬浮液含有约30重量%非离子含氟聚合物固体,处理溶液在实施例1的SMS织物上的纤维吸液率是约116重量%。非离子含氟聚合物处理的SMS外科用织物在约105℃干燥2分钟。干燥的非离子含氟聚合物处理实施例1的拒醇性是60%IPA。
实施例2
实施例2的处理浴悬浮液由其中溶解或至少悬浮了1.00重量%
Figure S04834718720060605D000144
TG-KC02非离子含氟聚合物悬浮液(Daikin)和0.25重量%辛醇的水浴组成。在实施例2的1.5osy SMS织物上,处理溶液的纤维吸液率是约116重量%。非离子含氟聚合物处理的SMS织物在约105℃干燥2分钟。干燥的非离子含氟聚合物处理实施例2的拒醇性是80%IPA。
对比实施例C
对比实施例C由未处理的1osy SMS层压织物构成。测定对比实施例A的拒醇性为20%IPA。测定对比实施例A的防水性为静水压头47.3±5.3毫巴。未处理的1 osy SMS织物提供了理想的防水性,但拒醇性不能接受。
实施例3
实施例3的处理浴悬浮液由其中溶解或至少悬浮了0.80重量%TG-KC02非离子含氟聚合物悬浮液(Daikin)和0.25重量%辛醇的水浴组成。生产SMS织物后,让SMS以约每分钟50英尺的速度通过这种处理溶液,处理1osy SMS织物,得到纤维吸液率约99重量%。然后,让湿的SMS织物在压力约50psi下通过辊隙,再在约245°F干燥筒中进行干燥。测定干燥的非离子含氟聚合物处理实施例3的拒醇性为100%IPA。测定实施例3的防水性为静水压头47.2±1.5毫巴。
实施例4
实施例4的处理浴悬浮液由其中溶解或至少悬浮了0.60重量%
Figure S04834718720060605D000152
TG-KC02非离子含氟聚合物悬浮液(Daikin)和0.25重量%辛醇的水浴组成。让SMS以约每分钟50英尺的速度通过该处理溶液,离线处理1osy SMS织物,得到纤维吸液率约99重量%。然后,让湿的SMS织物在压力约50psi下通过辊隙,在约245°F的干燥筒中进行干燥。测定干燥的非离子含氟聚合物处理实施例4的拒醇性为100%IPA。测定实施例4的防水性为静水压头48.1±3.3毫巴。
实施例5
实施例5的处理浴悬浮液由其中溶解或至少悬浮了0.40重量%
Figure S04834718720060605D000153
TG-KC02非离子含氟聚合物悬浮液(Daikin)和0.25重量%辛醇的水浴组成。让SMS以约每分钟50英尺的速度通过该处理溶液,离线处理1osy SMS织物,得到纤维吸液率约99重量%。然后让湿的SMS织物在压力约50psi下通过辊隙,在约245°F干燥筒中进行干燥。测定干燥的非离子含氟聚合物处理实施例5的拒醇性为95%IPA。测定实施例5的防水性为静水压头52.4±2.8毫巴。
实施例6
实施例6的处理浴悬浮液由其中溶解或至少悬浮了0.20重量%
Figure S04834718720060605D000161
TG-KC02非离子含氟聚合物悬浮液(Daikin)和0.25重量%辛醇的水浴组成。让SMS以约每分钟50英尺的速度通过该处理溶液,离线处理1osy SMS织物,得到纤维吸液率约99重量%。然后,让湿的SMS织物在压力约50psi下通过辊隙,在约245°F的干燥筒中进行干燥。测定干燥的非离子含氟聚合物处理实施例6的拒醇性为80%IPA。测定实施例6的防水性为静水压头49.3±2.3毫巴。
实施例7
实施例7的处理浴悬浮液由其中溶解或至少悬浮了0.10重量%TG-KC02非离子含氟聚合物悬浮液(Daikin)和0.25重量%辛醇的水浴组成。让SMS以约每分钟50英尺的速度通过该处理溶液,离线处理1osy SMS织物,得到纤维吸液率约99重量%。然后,让湿的SMS织物在压力约50psi下通过辊隙,在约245°F的干燥筒中进行干燥。测定干燥的非离子含氟聚合物处理实施例7的拒醇性为40%IPA。测定实施例7的防水性为静水压头48.3±2.8毫巴。
实施例8
实施例8的处理浴悬浮液由其中溶解或至少悬浮了1.50重量%非离子含氟聚合物悬浮液REPEARL F-7105(纽约MitsubishiInternational Corporation)和0.25重量%辛醇(用作悬浮剂的短链醇,Aldrich Chemical)的水浴组成。从Mitsubishi获得的REPEARLF-7105非离子含氟聚合物悬浮液含有约30重量%非离子含氟聚合物固体,处理溶液在1osy SMS织物上的纤维吸液率是约120重量%。这种非离子含氟聚合物处理的1osy SMS织物在约105℃干燥2分钟。测定干燥的非离子含氟聚合物处理实施例8的拒醇性为40%IPA。
实施例9
实施例9的处理浴悬浮液由其中溶解或至少悬浮了2.25重量%REPEARL F-7105非离子含氟聚合物悬浮液和0.25重量%辛醇的水浴组成。该处理溶液在实施例9的1osy SMS织物上的纤维吸液率是约90重量%。这种非离子含氟聚合物处理的1osy SMS织物在约105℃干燥2分钟。测定干燥的非离子含氟聚合物处理实施例9的拒醇性为50%IPA。
下表1中汇集了实验数据。
表1
  实施例号   处理溶液组成   拒异丙醇性   静水压头(毫巴)
对照A 未处理1.5osy SMS   20   84.9±6.2
对照B   1.5osy SMS处理的w/0.69w/o TG-KC01和0.30w/o QUADRASTAT PIBK   90   46.3±3.1
1   1.5osy SMS处理的w/0.85w/o TG-KC02   60   -
2   1.5osy SMS处理的w/1.00w/o TG-KC02   80   -
对照C 未处理1osy SMS   20   47.3±5.3
3   1osy SMS处理的w/0.80w/o TG-KC02   100   47.2±1.5
4   1osy SMS处理的w/0.60w/o TG-KC02   100   48.1±3.3
5   1osy SMS处理的w/0.40w/o TG-KC02   95   52.4±2.8
6   1osy SMS处理的w/0.20w/o TG-KC02   80   49.3±2.3
7   1osy SMS处理的w/0.10w/o TG-KC02   40   48.3±2.8
8   1osy SMS处理的w/0.50w/o REPEARL F-7105   40 -
9   1osy SMS处理的w/2.25w/o REPEARL F-7105   50 -
尽管前面使用特定的术语、设备和方法描述了本发明的各种具体实施方案,但这样的说明仅出于举例说明的目的。所用词汇是说明词汇而非限制性词汇。应当理解,本领域的普通技术人员可进行改变和变化,而没有偏离在权利要求书中指出的本发明的精神和范围。此外,还应当理解,各个具体实施方案的各个方面可整体或部分地互相交换。因此,所附权利要求书的精神和范围不应当限制为这里所列的优选版本的说明。

Claims (16)

1.一种无纺织物的处理方法,以改进该无纺织物的拒醇性,同时使这种处理对该无纺织物防水性的任何负面影响最小,这种方法包括让无纺织物与处理水溶液接触,该处理水溶液含有0.1-0.9重量%非离子含氟聚合物,并且没有任何抗静电剂,其中相对于未处理的无纺织物静水压头值,经处理的无纺织物静水压头值降低不大于30%,其中让无纺织物与处理水溶液接触包括将无纺织物或部分无纺织物浸在这种处理水溶液容器中或在其中移动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中这种处理水溶液是非离子含氟聚合物在水中稳定的分散体,其中相对于未处理的无纺织物静水压头值,经处理的无纺织物静水压头值降低不大于25%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中这种无纺织物选自纺粘织物、熔喷织物及其层压制品,该溶液含有0.005重量%以下的抗静电剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中这种处理溶液不含抗静电剂,该方法还包括让这种无纺织物与第二种溶液接触,该溶液含有抗静电剂,其中相对于未处理的无纺织物静水压头值,这种经处理的无纺织物静水压头值降低不大于15%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,该方法还包括让这种经处理无纺织物的一个面与含有抗静电剂的第二种处理溶液接触,其中相对于未处理的无纺织物静水压头值,这种经处理的无纺织物静水压头值降低不大于10%。
6.根据权利要求1、2、4或5所述的方法,其中这种经处理无纺织物的静水压头值大于45毫巴,该值是采用联邦试验标准191A,方法5514测定的。
7.根据权利要求1、2、4或5所述的方法,其中这种经处理无纺织物的拒醇性是至少70%,它是采用INDA标准试验No.IST 80.9-74,R-82测定的,采用联邦试验标准191A,方法5514测定的静水压头值大于45毫巴,这种无纺织物处理方法使无纺织物的静水压头值降低小于10%。
8.根据权利要求1、2、4或5所述的方法,其中这种经处理无纺织物的拒醇性是至少75%,它是采用INDA标准试验No.IST 80.9-74,R-82测定的,采用联邦试验标准191A,方法5514测定的静水压头值大于45毫巴。
9.根据权利要求1、2、4或5所述的方法,其中这种无纺织物是层压制品,它包括至少一层纺粘层和至少一层熔喷层。
10.根据权利要求1、2、4或5所述的方法,其中这种无纺织物是控制感染的织物,它是或者含有纺粘/熔喷/纺粘层压制品、纺粘/薄膜/纺粘层压制品、纺粘/薄膜/纺粘/熔喷/纺粘层压制品或纺粘/薄膜/薄膜/纺粘层压制品。
11.根据权利要求1、2、4或5所述的方法,其中这种处理溶液含有0.15重量%以上的非离子含氟聚合物或非离子含氟聚合物混合物。
12.根据权利要求1、2、4或5所述的方法,其中这种处理溶液含有0.20重量%以上的非离子含氟聚合物或非离子含氟聚合物混合物。
13.根据权利要求1、2、4或5所述的方法,其中这种处理溶液含有0.25重量%以上的非离子含氟聚合物或非离子含氟聚合物混合物。
14.根据权利要求1、2、4或5所述的方法,其中非离子含氟聚合物选自非离子氟烷基丙烯酸酯均聚物、氟烷基丙烯酸酯共聚物、氟化硅氧烷、氟化硅酮、氟化尿烷及其混合物。
15.根据权利要求1、2、4或5所述方法处理的无纺织物。
16.包含根据权利要求1、2、4或5所述方法处理的无纺织物的控制感染产品。
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CN1886548A (zh) 2006-12-27
US7811949B2 (en) 2010-10-12
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EP1687476A1 (en) 2006-08-09
MXPA06005865A (es) 2006-06-27
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