CN1875055B - 降低原油倾点和抑制石蜡沉积的稳定乳状液 - Google Patents

降低原油倾点和抑制石蜡沉积的稳定乳状液 Download PDF

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CN1875055B
CN1875055B CN2004800320945A CN200480032094A CN1875055B CN 1875055 B CN1875055 B CN 1875055B CN 2004800320945 A CN2004800320945 A CN 2004800320945A CN 200480032094 A CN200480032094 A CN 200480032094A CN 1875055 B CN1875055 B CN 1875055B
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M·-F·德拉莫特
D·福尔
D·唐布恩祖迪
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Abstract

本发明涉及以烯烃共聚物和/或聚丙烯酸酯为基的组合物,它们呈稳定的浓缩乳状液形式。这样的组合物在降低原油倾点和/或抑制石蜡在原油中沉积而作为添加剂是特别有效的,特别是呈单个罐形式。

Description

降低原油倾点和抑制石蜡沉积的稳定乳状液
技术领域
本发明涉及“在有机溶液中不相容的”聚合物组合物,即这些聚合物溶液混合并静置时会分成多个不同的相。本发明的这些组合物呈稳定的乳状液形式,它们为这个相分离问题提供了一种解决办法,这个相分离问题在油田使用所述聚合物组合时会带来操作困难。 
许多石油原油含有大部分的石蜡,这些石蜡的量和确切性质随采油油田而改变。在井的温度下,这些石蜡是液体的并溶于原油中。油升到地面时,其温度降低,这些石蜡结晶形成针和薄片状的三维网络。这样使油失去其流动性,因此使生产、运输、储存,甚至处理这些油都变得非常困难。在管道和处理设备中常常发生堵塞。 
现有技术
人们提出过许多解决这个问题的方法,例如机械刮或加热壁。这些方法费钱,而它们的加工并不总是可能的。为了改进原油流变学,曾提出不同类的聚合物: 
i)乙烯共聚物,例如在FR 2 184 522(1972)中描述的乙烯和醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA);RU 785 337描述了乙烯、醋酸乙烯酯与马来酸酐之间的共聚合产物;ESSO的US 3 341 309和US 3 304 261推荐使用乙烯、醋酸乙烯酯和富马酸二月桂酯或富马酸二异癸酯的共聚合产物;TEXACO的US 4 160 459描述了乙烯、醋酸乙烯酯和甲基丙烯酸烷基酯的共聚合产物; 
ii)用聚合物接枝的乙烯共聚物,例如聚n-烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯。ELf的US 4 608 411描述了这类共聚物,其典型实例是用聚(n-烷基丙烯酸酯)链接枝的EVA; 
iii)一种或多种n-烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体,其中n是6-40、与任选地一种或多种共聚用单体,例如乙烯基吡啶、具有脂肪链的α-烯烃单体(n-烷基,其中n是6-40),以及选自烯属不饱和单羧酸或酸酐和/或二羧酸或酸酐的单体的(共)聚合物,参见例如CECA的US 6 218 490、STAUCHAUSEN的US 4 663 491、SHELL的US 2 839512和FR 2 128 589。 
通常提出将呈有机溶液形式的上述这些聚合物i)-iii)用于处理石油原油。但是呈乳状液或分散体形式的i)或iii)类聚合物构成下述专利的主题:在CECA的WO 03/014170、SERVO的US 4 110 283、SHELL的EP 448 166和WO 98/51731以及British Petroleum的WO98/33846中描述了呈乳状液的聚合物iii);在EXXON的CA986635和BASF的EP46 190中曾推荐呈乳状液形式的聚合物i)。 
关于通过添加这些聚合物改善原油性能,在溶液中这些类聚合物i)、ii)和iii)往往表明,它们单个使用时,某些原油的效率很有限,而不同类结合能够显示出效率的协同作用。因此,EVA与长烷基链聚丙烯酸酯结合[聚合物i)+聚合物iii)]表明,与分别采用的每种聚合物相比性能获得改进。在ESSO的GB 1 112 803和EXXON的US 4 153423中描述了这样一些组合。但是,在溶液中i)、ii)和iii)类组合的聚合物混合物显示出在与其“不相容性”相关的稳定性方面的局限性。本技术领域的技术人员因此应该应对聚合物“不相容性”与它们的有机溶液稳定性这个问题,即这些有机溶液混合并静置时,聚合物分离成多个不同的相。因此,不可能销售一种含有这些聚合物混合物的稳定溶液。石油添加剂生产者因此应该分开提供每类聚合物[i)、ii)或iii)],由石油作业人员在油田在注入原油中时自由决定实施它们的组合。在采油中人们熟知通过使用下述设备能够应对这个问题: 
-或者搅拌槽,其中装有注入原油前的所述聚合物混合物溶液。应该始终保持搅拌,这样能够避免在注入前出现相分离, 
-或者多条注入管线,每条管线只是专门针对一类聚合物。 
在这两种情况下,石油作业者要应对设备投资,还被迫处理几种产品,这样增加了生产困难,也提高了采油成本。 
本发明的公开 
本发明的聚合物组合物含有下述三类聚合物中的至少两类聚合物: 
i)乙烯和至少一种烯属不饱和单体,例如醋酸乙烯酯的共聚物(EVA), 
ii)用聚合物接枝的如i)所定义的乙烯共聚物,所述聚合物例如是具有脂肪链的聚丙烯酸酯(例如用n-烷基聚丙烯酸酯接枝的EVA),以及 
iii)n-烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯与选自下述单体的(共)聚合物:具有脂肪链的α烯烃(n-烷基,其中n是6-40)、乙烯酯类、乙烯基芳族化合物、乙烯基吡啶类及其衍生物、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、(甲基)丙烯酰胺类及其衍生物、烯属不饱和单羧酸或酸酐和/或二羧酸或酸酐或烯属不饱和单羧酸酐和/或二羧酸酐, 
并且它们呈稳定的乳状液形式。 
本发明的组合物优选地含有至少100重量份下述组分1-6: 
1)5-70重量份,优选地5-50重量份,有利地5-40重量份至少两种(共)聚合物,它们属于下述类i)ii)和iii)中的至少两类: 
i)含有50-90重量%,有利地60-80重量%乙烯和10-50重量%,有利地20-40重量%至少一种选自如下烯属不饱和单体的乙烯共聚物:C2-C18,有利地C2-C5乙烯酯类、单羧酸、C3-C12单羧酸C1-C12烷基酯、呈二酸、C1-C12烷基二酯或酸酐形式的不饱和α,β-二羧酸类。在乙烯酯类中,有利地使用醋酸乙烯酯。在不饱和的单羧酸酯中,优选使用C1-C12,有利地C1-C5丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯。不饱和α,β-二羧酸化合物优选地是马来酸、烷基马来酸、富马酸或烷基富马酸的甲基、乙基或丙基二酯类。 
ii)用聚合物接枝的在i)描述的乙烯共聚物,它们是50-100重量%,优选地70-100重量%一种或多种n-烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体,其中n是6-40,优选地14-30,与任选地0-50%,优选地0-30%一种或多种单体的(共)聚合物,所述的单体选自:具有脂肪链的α烯烃(n-烷基,其中n是6-40)、乙烯酯类、乙烯基芳族化合物、乙烯基吡啶类及其衍生物、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、(甲基)丙烯酰胺类及其衍生物、烯属不饱和单羧酸或酸酐和/或二羧酸或酸酐或烯属不饱和单羧酸酐和/或二羧酸酐;接枝的共聚物ii)含有5-95重量%,有利地40-75重量%构成主链的乙烯共聚物i)。 
iii)50-100重量%,优选地70-100重量%一种或多种n-烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体,其中n是6-40,优选地14-30,和任选地0-50重量%,优选地0-30重量%一种或多种单体的(共)聚合物,所述的单体选自:具有脂肪链的α烯烃(n-烷基,其中n是6-40)、乙烯酯类、乙烯基芳族化合物、乙烯基吡啶类及其衍生物、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、(甲基)丙烯酰胺及其衍生物、烯属不饱和单羧酸或酸酐和/或二羧酸 或酸酐或烯属不饱和单羧酸酐和/或二羧酸酐; 
2)0-60重量份与水不混溶的溶剂或溶剂混合物,优选地选自单个或混合的芳族溶剂(甲苯、二甲苯); 
3)0-30重量份,优选地5-25重量份,有利地5-20重量份与水混溶的助溶剂或助溶剂混合物,所述的助溶剂选自酮,例如甲乙酮或甲基异丁基酮;醇,例如丁醇或异丙醇、二醇类和聚二醇醚类,像乙二醇或丙二醇、二甘醇或二丙二醇; 
4)0.1-10重量份,优选地0.1-8重量份,有利地0.5-5重量份一种或多种表面活性剂(离子的(阳离子的或阴离子的)和/或非-离子的表面活性剂和/或保护胶体和/或两亲聚合物;在阳离子表面活性剂中,可以列举季铵盐,例如二甲基二烷基氯化铵,质子化脂肪胺;在非-离子表面活性剂中,可以列举聚乙氧基化脂肪醇、聚乙氧基化脂肪酸、聚乙氧基化烷基酚;在阴离子表面活性剂中,可以列举硫酸化的聚乙氧基化脂肪醇、硫酸化的聚乙氧基化脂肪酸、硫酸化的聚乙氧基化烷基酚、烷基苯磺酸酯类和磺基琥珀酸酯类、中和脂肪酸;在这些保护胶体中,可以列举聚乙烯醇类;在这些两亲聚合物中,可以列举(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物、用一种碱中和或亚胺化的,接着质子化或季铵化的马来酸酐共聚物;在由至少两种乳状液混合制备(方法B)的组合物的情况下,最好避免将用有相反电荷的表面活性剂稳定的乳状液混合,为了避免微粒絮凝也应如此。在这个限制之外,这些待混合乳状液所使用的表面活性剂可以是相同的或不同的; 
5)0-2重量份,优选地0.01-0.6重量份,有利地0.02-0.2重量份一种或多种增稠剂,例如Xanthane
Figure 10003_0
, 
6)水(适量至100:组分1)-6)的总量是100重量份)。 
本发明还涉及这些组合物的制备方法,它们可以根据下述两种方法的一种方法得到: 
-使类i)、ii)和iii)聚合物中至少两类聚合物混合物乳化(方法A)或 
-使不同类i)、ii)和iii)聚合物的乳状液混合(方法B)。 
使上述三类i)、ii)和iii)聚合物中的至少两类聚合物混合物乳化的方法A,其特征在于: 
A1-在至少一种与水不混溶的有机溶剂或有机溶剂混合物中,制 备上述三类i)、ii)和iii)聚合物中的至少两类聚合物的溶液, 
A2-把一种或多种纯的或稀释在水中或其它溶剂(与水混溶的或不混溶的)中的表面活性剂加到所得到的溶液中, 
A3-添加水,形成一种乳状液, 
A4-任选地添加一种与水混溶的溶剂或溶剂混合物, 
A5-任选地添加一种或多种与步骤A2表面活性剂相同或不同的表面活性剂,和/或一种或多种增稠剂,改善该乳状液的稳定性。 
段A1、A2和A3在通常至少25℃的温度下进行搅拌。选择这个温度以便待乳化聚合物溶液的粘度能够借助搅拌桨叶产生刮、掺混和剪切作用。典型地,该粘度一般不超过300Pa.s(300 000cp)。段A4可以与段A3同时或在段A3之前进行。段A5可以与A4同时或在段A4之前或在段A4之后进行。可以连续、间断、半连续或半间断方式添加水。 
优选地,使用反应物的量如下: 
A1-制备10-70重量份的上述类i)-iii)聚合物中至少两类聚合物在10-60重量份至少一种与水不混溶的有机溶剂或有机溶剂混合物中的溶液, 
A2-往得到的溶液中添加0.1-10重量份一种或多种纯的或稀释的表面活性剂, 
A3-添加10-80重量份的水,形成一种乳状液, 
A4-添加0-30重量份与水混溶的溶剂或溶剂混合物, 
A5-添加0-3重量份一种或多种表面活性剂和/或0-2重量份一种或多种增稠剂,改善该乳状液的稳定性。 
一种方法A的方案进行如下: 
Aa1-制备上述类i)-iii)聚合物中至少两类聚合物在至少一种与水不混溶的有机溶剂或有机溶剂混合物中的溶液, 
Aa2-把一种或多种纯的或稀释在水中或其它溶剂(与水混溶或与水不混溶的)中的表面活性剂加到水中, 
Aa3-往在Aa2)制备的含有一种或多种表面活性剂的水中添加在Aa1)制备的聚合物溶液,形成一种乳状液, 
Aa4-任选地添加与水混溶的溶剂或溶剂混合物, 
Aa5-任选地添加一种或多种表面活性剂,它们可以与步骤Aa2的表面活性剂相同或不同,和/或一种或多种增稠剂,改善该乳状液的稳定性。
段Aa1、Aa2和Aa3在搅拌下在温度一般至少25℃的条件下进行。该温度如此选择,以致待乳化聚合物溶液的粘度允许将其倒入和分散在Aa2制备的含有一种或多种表面活性剂的水中。典型地,该聚合物溶液的粘度一般不超过150Pa.s(150000cp)。段A4可以在段Aa3之前进行。段Aa5可以与段Aa4同时进行或在段Aa4前后进行。可以采用连续、间断、半连续或半间断方式添加聚合物溶液。 
优选地,使用反应物的量与方法A的范围相同: 
Aa1-制备10-70重量份上述类i)-iii)聚合物中至少两类聚合物在10-60重量份至少一种与水不相容的有机溶剂或有机溶剂混合物中的溶液, 
Aa2-在10-80重量份水中,加入0.1-10重量份一种或多种纯的或稀释在水中或其它溶剂(与水混溶或与水不混溶的)中的表面活性剂, 
Aa3-往Aa2)制备的含有一种或多种表面活性剂的水中添加Aa1)制备的聚合物溶液,形成一种乳状液, 
Aa4-添加0-30重量份与水混溶的溶剂或溶剂混合物, 
Aa5-添加0-3重量份的一种或多种表面活性剂和/或0-2重量份的一种或多种增稠剂。 
乳状液混合方法B的特征在于: 
B1-根据上述方法A、其方案Aa,分别制备至少两种聚合物乳状液,它们只是属于上述类i)、ii)或iii)聚合物中至少两类聚合物(得到的每种乳状液因此只是含有属于类i)、ii)或iii)中的一类聚合物),或对于来自类iii)的一种或多种聚合物乳状液,在根据间断、半间断、连续或半连续方法的已知乳液聚合设备中,也可以通常的方式进行自由基乳液聚合反应。根据使用挤出机的熟知乳化方法,也可能制备不含有任何与水不混溶的溶剂的聚合物i)乳状液, 
B2-将B1)得到的聚合物乳状液混合起来(在温度一般至少10℃的条件下,在搅拌下把一种乳状液加到另一种乳状液中,该温度应选择使得其温度高于乳状液的凝固点),其条件是所述的待混合乳状液应该来自类i)、ii)和iii)中的至少两类。 
B3-任选地添加一种或多种表面活性剂,它们可以与步骤A2或Aa2 的表面活性剂相同或不同,和/或一种或多种增稠剂,改善该乳状液的稳定性。 
每种待混合乳状液的有机溶剂可以是相同或不同的。 
在含有类i)和ii)聚合物的本发明组合物的情况下,为了避免在混合后的双乳化作用,类i)和ii)聚合物混合物乳化方法(方法A)是优选的。 
本发明还涉及本发明的组合物在降低原油倾点和/或抑制石蜡在原油中沉积而作为添加剂的用途。 
本发明组合物的优点与它们的极佳稳定性相关,这表现在易于在油田实施。事实上,在同一个组合物中或不将它们分成多个不同相的唯一罐中,有三类i)-iii)聚合物中至少两类聚合物能够省去使用多条往油田注入不同添加剂的管线和/或能够在注入原油之前放置唯一的多种添加剂混合槽。 
对于石油作业者,本发明提出的添加剂能够避免多点注入,注入前搅拌槽以及多种“不相容”产品的管理制约。 
根据标准ASTM D97测量倾点可评价实施例1-3组合物的性能,该标准是添加温度已升到高于其倾点的原油与确定量的添加剂,然后以水平段3℃冷却该原油,倾点表示原油开始不再流动的温度。 
在下面实施例中采用HERZOG MP852设备,采用LCD相机检测其流动。使用埃及原油试验了所有的组合物,根据这个方法测量的该原油倾点是33℃。 
实施例1 
在一个半升双壁反应器中,该反应器配备搅拌器、回流冷却器和75℃恒温浴, 
1-加入75g含有55重量% C18-22烷基丙烯酸酯和4-乙烯基吡啶共聚物(5重量%4-乙烯基吡啶)在芳族溶剂混合物(SOLVESSO 150)中的溶液, 
2-添加75g含有49%乙烯和醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(28%醋酸乙烯酯)在芳族溶剂混合物(SOLVESSO 150)中的溶液,该共聚物已用一种聚C18-22烷基丙烯酸酯接枝(接枝聚烷基丙烯酸酯/乙烯和醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的比是1), 
3-加热到75℃, 
4-加入20g非离子表面活性剂(CECA销售的REMCOPAL 25,它是一种乙氧基化脂肪醇), 
5-让反应混合物均化30min, 
6-在2h内添加23.1g水, 
7-将反应器冷却到30℃,并排空反应器。 
于是得到一种乳状液,它含有40%聚合物,还具有良好的稳定性,即它在28℃和50℃下在一星期后没有分成几个相。 
实施例2(对比) 
在一个半升双壁反应器中,该反应器配备搅拌器、回流冷却器和75℃恒温浴, 
1-加入75g含有55重量% C18-22烷基丙烯酸酯和4-乙烯基吡啶共聚物(5重量%4-乙烯基吡啶)在芳族溶剂混合物(SOLVESSO 150)中的溶液, 
2-添加75g含有49%乙烯和醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(28%醋酸乙烯酯)在芳族溶剂混合物(SOLVESSO 150)中的溶液,该共聚物已用一种聚C18-22烷基丙烯酸酯接枝(接枝聚烷基丙烯酸酯/乙烯和醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的比是1), 
3-加热到75℃, 
4-加入53.1g芳族溶剂(SOLVESSO 150), 
5-让反应混合物均化30min, 
6-将反应器冷却到30℃,并排空反应器。 
得到是溶液是不稳定的:在28℃和50℃静置时,在4小时后,它分成两个不同的相;使其不可能销售该混合物和把该混合物用于单个罐中,添加到石油流体中。 
实施例3 
把实施例1和2得到的组合物按照比例1000ppm注入到埃及原油中,该原油的倾点是33℃。 
关于实施例2的聚合物溶液,在添加油之前需要搅拌使其溶液均匀,或分别制备两种各含有聚合物的溶液,再进行双注入。 
含有添加剂的原油的倾点是9℃。应该指出,本发明实施例1具有的优点是乳状液无预先均化操作或双注入便能够注入油中。 

Claims (14)

1.在有机溶液中不相容的聚合物的组合物,它们含有下述三类聚合物中的至少两类聚合物:
i)乙烯和至少一种烯属不饱和单体的共聚物,
ii)用聚合物接枝的如i)所定义的乙烯共聚物,所述聚合物是(共)聚物,所述(共)聚物是由一种或多种(甲基)丙烯酸n-烷基酯单体,其中n是6-40,和任选地一种或多种单体得到的(共)聚合物,所述的单体选自具有脂肪链的α烯烃、乙烯酯类、乙烯基芳族化合物、乙烯基吡啶类及其衍生物、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、(甲基)丙烯酰胺类及其衍生物、烯属不饱和单羧酸或酸酐和/或二羧酸或酸酐,以及
iii)(甲基)丙烯酸n-烷基酯,其中n是6-40,与选自下述单体的(共)聚合物:具有脂肪链的α烯烃、乙烯酯类、乙烯基芳族化合物、乙烯基吡啶类及其衍生物、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、(甲基)丙烯酰胺类及其衍生物、烯属不饱和单羧酸或酸酐和/或二羧酸或酸酐,
其特征在于它们呈稳定的乳状液形式,其中所述组合物含有下述重量份的组分1)-6):
1)5-70重量份至少两种(共)聚合物,它们属于类i)、ii)和iii)中的至少两类,
2)0-60重量份与水不混溶的溶剂或溶剂混合物;
3)0-30重量份与水混溶的助溶剂或助溶剂混合物,所述的助溶剂选自酮;醇和聚二醇醚类;
4)0.1-10重量份一种或多种离子表面活性剂和/或非-离子表面活性剂和/或保护胶体和/或两亲聚合物;
5)0-2重量份一种或多种增稠剂,
6)水,适量至100,也即:组分1)-6)的总量是100重量份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于所述的助溶剂选自二醇类。
3.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其具有以下特征的一个或多个:
■类i)中所述的烯属不饱和单体是醋酸乙烯酯; 
■类ii)中所述的(甲基)丙烯酸n-烷基酯单体中n是14-30;
■类ii)中所述的具有脂肪链的α烯烃中有n-烷基,其中n是6-40;
■类iii)中所述的具有脂肪链的α烯烃中有n-烷基,其中n是6-40;
■所述组合物含有组分1)5-50重量份至少两种(共)聚合物;
■组分2)中的溶剂选自芳族溶剂;
■所述组合物含有组分3)5-25重量份与水混溶的助溶剂或助溶剂混合物;
■组分3)中,所述助溶剂选自甲乙酮、甲基异丁基酮、丁醇、异丙醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、二甘醇和二丙二醇;
■所述组合物含有组分4)0.1-8重量份一种或多种离子表面活性剂和/或非-离子表面活性剂和/或保护胶体和/或两亲聚合物;
■所述组合物含有组分5)0.01-0.6重量份一种或多种增稠剂。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的组合物,其具有以下特征的一个或多个:
■所述组合物含有组分1)5-40重量份至少两种(共)聚合物;
■组分2)的溶剂选自甲苯和二甲苯;
■所述组合物含有组分3)5-20重量份与水混溶的助溶剂或助溶剂混合物;
■所述组合物含有组分4)0.5-5重量份一种或多种离子表面活性剂和/或非-离子表面活性剂和/或保护胶体和/或两亲聚合物;
■所述组合物含有组分5)0.02-0.2重量份一种或多种增稠剂。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于这种烯属不饱和单体选自C2-C18乙烯酯类、单羧酸、C3-C12单羧酸C1-C12烷基酯、
呈:
二酸、C1-C12烷基二酯或酸酐 形式的不饱和α,β-二羧酸化合物。
6.根据权利要求5中所述的组合物,其特征在于这种烯属不饱和单体选自C2-C5乙烯酯类。
7.根据权利要求5中所述的组合物,其特征在于这种烯属不饱和单体选自醋酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸C1-C12酯类和甲基丙烯酸C1-C12酯类,以及马来酸、烷基马来酸、富马酸或烷基富马酸的甲基、乙基或丙基二酯。
8.根据权利要求7中所述的组合物,其特征在于这种烯属不饱和单体选自丙烯酸C1-C5酯类和甲基丙烯酸C1-C5酯类。
9.如权利要求1-8中任一项的权利要求所限定组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:
或者
A1-制备类i)-iii)聚合物中至少两类聚合物在至少一种与水不混溶的有机溶剂或有机溶剂混合物中的溶液,
A2-往得到的溶液中添加一种或多种纯的或稀释在水中或其它与水混溶或与水不混溶的溶剂中的表面活性剂,
A3-添加水形成一种乳状液,
A4-任选地添加与水混溶的溶剂或溶剂混合物,
A5-任选地添加一种或多种表面活性剂和/或一种或多种增稠剂,段A1、A2和A3在搅拌下进行,段A4与段A3同时或在段A3之前进行;段A5与A4同时或在段A4之前或在段A4之后进行,以连续、间断、半连续或半间断方式添加水,
或者
Aa1-制备上述类i)-iii)聚合物中至少两类聚合物在至少一种与水不混溶的有机溶剂或有机溶剂混合物中的溶液,
Aa2-把一种或多种纯的或稀释在水中或其它与水混溶或与水不混溶的溶剂中的表面活性剂加到水中,
Aa3-往在Aa2)制备的含有一种或多种表面活性剂的水中添加在 Aa1)制备的聚合物溶液,形成一种乳状液,
Aa4-任选地添加与水混溶的溶剂或溶剂混合物,
Aa5-任选地添加一种或多种表面活性剂和/或一种或多种增稠剂,改善该乳状液的稳定性,
段Aa1、Aa2和Aa3在搅拌下进行,段Aa4与段A3同时或在段A3之前进行;段Aa5与Aa4同时或在段A4之前或在段A4之后进行,以连续、间断、半连续或半间断方式添加水。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于:
或者
A1-制备10-70重量份上述类i)-iii)聚合物中至少两类聚合物在10-60重量份至少一种与水不混溶的有机溶剂或有机溶剂混合物中的溶液,
A2-往得到的溶液中添加0.1-10重量份一种或多种纯的或稀释的表面活性剂,
A3-添加10-80重量份水形成一种乳状液,
A4-任选地添加0-30重量份与水混溶的溶剂或溶剂混合物,
A5-任选地添加0-3重量份一种或多种表面活性剂和/或0-2重量份一种或多种增稠剂,改善该乳状液的稳定性,
或者
Aa1-制备10-70重量份上述类i)-iii)聚合物中至少两类聚合物在10-60重量份至少一种与水不混溶的有机溶剂或有机溶剂混合物中的溶液,
Aa2-把0.1-10重量份一种或多种纯的或稀释在水中或其它与水混溶或与水不混溶的溶剂中的表面活性剂加到10-80重量份水中,
Aa3-往在Aa2)制备的含有一种或多种表面活性剂的水中添加在Aa1)制备的聚合物溶液,
Aa4-任选地添加0-30重量份与水混溶的溶剂或溶剂混合物,
Aa5-任选地添加0-3重量份一种或多种表面活性剂和/或0-2重量份一种或多种增稠剂。
11.根据权利要求9或10的方法,该方法用于制备含有至少一种 类i)和ii)聚合物混合物的组合物。
12.如权利要求1-8中任一项权利要求所限定的组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:
B1-根据权利要求9-11中任一项权利要求所限定的方法A或Aa,分别制备至少两种聚合物乳状液,它们只是属于上述三类i)、ii)或iii)聚合物中至少两类聚合物,因此得到的每种乳状液只是含有属于类i)、ii)或iii)中的一类聚合物,
或对于来自类iii)的聚合物乳状液,在根据间断、半间断、连续或半连续方法的已知乳液聚合设备中,以通常的方式进行自由基乳液聚合反应,
或对于不含有与水不混溶的溶剂的聚合物i)乳状液,以挤出机进行乳化,
B2-将B1)得到的聚合物乳状液混合起来,其条件是所述的待混合乳状液应该来自类i)、ii)和iii)中的至少两类;
B3-在搅拌下任选地添加一种或多种表面活性剂和/或一种或多种增稠剂。
13.如权利要求12的方法,其特征在于:
B2-将B1)得到的聚合物乳状液混合起来,其中是在搅拌下把一种乳状液加到另一种乳状液中,其温度应选择使得其高于乳状液的凝固点,
其条件是所述的待混合乳状液应该来自类i)、ii)和iii)中的至少两类。
14.如权利要求1-8中任一项权利要求所限定的组合物在降低原油倾点和/或抑制石蜡在原油中沉积而作为添加剂的用途。 
CN2004800320945A 2003-08-28 2004-08-05 降低原油倾点和抑制石蜡沉积的稳定乳状液 Expired - Fee Related CN1875055B (zh)

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