CN1867753A - 用于输送多相混合物的方法和泵装置 - Google Patents

用于输送多相混合物的方法和泵装置 Download PDF

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CN1867753A
CN1867753A CNA2004800298710A CN200480029871A CN1867753A CN 1867753 A CN1867753 A CN 1867753A CN A2004800298710 A CNA2004800298710 A CN A2004800298710A CN 200480029871 A CN200480029871 A CN 200480029871A CN 1867753 A CN1867753 A CN 1867753A
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pump
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延斯-乌韦·布兰特
格哈德·罗尔芬格
迪特里希·米勒-林克
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C15/00Component parts, details or accessories of machines, pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C2/00 - F04C14/00
    • F04C15/06Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet
    • F04C15/062Arrangements for supercharging the working space
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2/00Rotary-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C2/08Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C2/10Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
    • F04C2/107Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member with helical teeth
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E21B43/121Lifting well fluids
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C11/00Combinations of two or more machines or pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type; Pumping installations
    • F04C11/005Combinations of two or more machines or pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type; Pumping installations of dissimilar working principle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2/00Rotary-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C2/08Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C2/12Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type
    • F04C2/14Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons
    • F04C2/16Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons with helical teeth, e.g. chevron-shaped, screw type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D31/00Pumping liquids and elastic fluids at the same time
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D9/00Priming; Preventing vapour lock
    • F04D9/04Priming; Preventing vapour lock using priming pumps; using booster pumps to prevent vapour-lock
    • F04D9/06Priming; Preventing vapour lock using priming pumps; using booster pumps to prevent vapour-lock of jet type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04FPUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/02Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being liquid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04FPUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/54Installations characterised by use of jet pumps, e.g. combinations of two or more jet pumps of different type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2210/00Fluid
    • F04C2210/24Fluid mixed, e.g. two-phase fluid

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Abstract

本发明的任务是,改善多相混合物、尤其是来自钻孔的碳氢化合物的输送并限制自由气体体积。根据本发明,该任务的解决方案是:一个液体分流(13)在压力侧从主输送流分支出并且被导送给至少一个喷射泵(2)的高压侧,该喷射泵作为辅助输送装置安置在挤压泵(1)的抽吸侧。该泵装置设置一个供给管道(7),它将挤压泵(1)的压力室与至少一个喷射泵(2)的高压侧相连接,其中,该喷射泵(2)在挤压泵(1)的输送方向上安置在抽吸侧。

Description

用于输送多相混合物的方法和泵装置
本发明涉及一种用于借助一个挤压泵输送多相混合物、尤其是来自一个钻孔的碳氢化合物的方法,该多相混合物通过该挤压泵来抽吸,以及涉及一种泵装置,它具有一个用于输送多相混合物的、具有一个抽吸管及一个压力室的挤压泵,其中,抽吸管尤其通到一个钻孔中。
借助安装在表面上、通常在钻孔附近的多相泵来输送碳氢化合物是一种经济的、运行足够可靠的和功能正常的输送弱矿源及提高脱油率的技术。多相泵本身是公知的,例如已由EP 0 699 276 A1所公知,其全部内容被涉及并且其公开内容被接收在本申请中。典型地,对于碳氢化合物的输送、例如石油及天然气的输送,在地表矿道(Sonnenkopf)处的压力约下降到2-5巴,较小的矿道压力通常由于气体部分的体积膨胀及由此产生的结构费用增高是很不经济的。
从该现有技术出发,本发明的任务在于,提供一种方法及一种泵装置,借助它们可改善多相混合物的输送并且同时限制泵装置所需的结构费用。
根据本发明,该任务这样解决:在压力侧由主输送流分支出一个液体分流并且将该液体分流导送给至少一个喷射泵的高压侧,该喷射泵作为辅助输送装置被设置在挤压泵的抽吸侧;或者,一个供给管道将挤压泵的压力室与至少一个喷射泵的高压侧相连接并且该喷射泵挤压泵的输送方向上被设置在吸入侧。
为驱动喷射泵所使用的压力液体在喷射泵与尤其是以多相泵构成的挤压泵之间循环,不会出现输送混合物的残余污染。此外可保证喷射泵的能量供给,无需提供外部能源、尤其是液压能源。
通过喷射泵的适当设计达到:对挤压泵供给中等的、例如为2巴的预压力,以致可改善多相混合物的输送并同时限制气体的自由体积。由此可减小挤压泵的结构费用,这就总体使成本下降。
如果从一个碳氢化合物矿源输送多相混合物,为了使碳氢化合物的抽吸变得容易,有利的是,该喷射泵被设置在钻孔内或钻孔上。可替换的是,喷射泵被设置在抽吸管内部。
多相混合物的特征是其组成成分的多变性,其中涉及可能以多相存在的多组分混合物。组分可从几乎100%的液相到几乎100%的气相变化,其中,在一种多相混合物中也可能出现大份额的固体。为了实现挤压泵的足够冷却及密封,规定:在挤压泵中进行气相与液相的分离并且由分离出的液相中分支出通向喷射泵的液体分流。因此,为了喷射泵的运行使用了一种液体,该液体仅具有很小的气体成分并且相应于被输送产物的液相。因而,通过使用分支出的液体分流来作为喷射泵的能量载体,不会发生输送产物的改变或污染,对挤压泵持续地在抽吸侧提供液体成分,使得可发生挤压泵的足够的润滑、冷却及密封。
本发明的一个进一步构型在于,分离出的液相的体积分流通过一个短路管道被配量地输送给挤压泵的抽吸侧,即该输入不仅通过喷射泵来进行,而且通过一个优选设置在挤压泵壳体内部的短路管道来进行,由此减小了挤压泵干运行的危险。
本发明的一个进一步构型在于,如果在挤压泵中的分离不充分,在分支出液体分流后,该液体分流通过一个用于分离气相与液相的附加分离器被导送。通过该附加分离器可保证,很大程度上脱离气相的液相作为压力液体和能量载体被输入给喷射泵。
为了提供足够高的压力水平、尤其是恒定的压力水平,在挤压泵与喷射泵之间设置一个增压泵,通过它来提高输送压力。
根据本发明的泵装置规定,一个供给管道将挤压泵的压力室与至少一个喷射泵的高压侧相连接,其中,喷射泵被设置在挤压泵的输送方向上的吸入侧,以便对挤压泵供给一个中等的预压力。一个液体分流从挤压泵的压力侧引导到一个或多个喷射泵的高压侧,这些喷射泵被用作辅助输送装置,这就在抽吸侧导致特别经济的压力增高。在使用活动的部件来提高预压力时,机械部件引起压力增高,例如以井下泵技术的构型,如束流泵、ESP、PCP或SSP,与使用活动部件不同,喷射泵的结构极其简单并且不具有运动部件。尤其是由于被输送的多相混合物有时高的磨损特性,放弃机械部件是有利的。由于维护费用小,该装置更可靠及成本更合适,尤其是因为在钻孔区域中可接近性受到限制并且修理很费事。这导致长的停机时间及装置运行中的经济问题。有利的是,在挤压泵壳体内部在压力室中构成用于分离气相与液相的分离装置,由此使多相混合物的气相与液相分离并且仅使用液相来驱动喷射泵。
为了保证在供给管道特别长的构型时存在一定的液体循环来用于挤压泵的密封、润滑及冷却,设置了一个从挤压泵的压力室侧通向抽吸侧的短路管道,用于配量地输送分离出的液相。
为了改善液相与气相的分离,在供给管道中设置了一个附加分离器,一个已分离的气相的回流管道从该附加分离器引向挤压泵的压力管道,以致可使气相与其余的输送产物一起输出,用于进一步处理。
在供给管道中设置了一个增压泵,由此使分离出的液相具有增高的含能量。
被证实有利的是挤压泵被构成为一个螺杆泵,因为螺杆泵能可靠地输送多相混合物、尤其是具有高份额磨蚀物质及强变化的气体份额的多相混合物,并且在可支配性方面具有优点。
出于安装的原因有利的是,喷射泵被设置在钻孔内或该钻孔的旁边、在抽吸管的端部上,也可替换的是,将喷射泵设置在其它地方,例如在抽吸管中在挤压泵附近或者在一个钻孔中远离抽吸管。
以下借助一个附图来说明本发明的实施例,在该附图中表示出一个泵装置的结构原理。
该泵装置的核心是一个挤压泵1,该泵被设置为多相泵并有利地被构造成螺杆泵。在抽吸侧安置了一个抽吸管10,该抽吸管通到一个钻孔3中。在该钻孔内部,在抽吸管10的端部上安置了一个喷射泵2,该喷射泵被这样定向,即喷射泵2的高压侧指向挤压泵1的抽吸侧方向,以便对挤压泵1加载一个预压力。
喷射泵2最好被构成为射流泵,它通过一个液体分流13来被供给液体,该液体分流从挤压泵1在压力侧分支出。该液体分流13通过一个供给管道7被输送给喷射泵2的高压侧。
液体分流13由一个已分离的多相混合物中分支出,其中在挤压泵内部发生液相与气相的分离。一个预定量的液相从挤压泵1在压力侧分支出,其余的输送产物通过一个压力管道11输送出去供进一步处理。为了进一步分离该多相混合物的气相和液相,中间连接了一个附加分离器4,一个回流管道14从该附加分离器引向压力管道11,其中,将不需要的液相或附加分离出的气相输入到压力管道11。
在供给管道7中可选择地设置一个增压泵5,以便提高用于喷射泵2的压力液体的能量水平。
同样可选择地设置一个短路管道15,一个来自己分离液体的分流通过该短路管道输入到挤压泵1的抽吸侧,以便始终保证足够的冷却及润滑。短路管道15也可被构成在挤压泵壳体的内部。
通过一个液体分流在泵装置内部循环,提供了一个辅助输送装置,使得挤压泵基于所存在的预压力可更好地输出多相混合物,其中,限制了气体部分的体积膨胀并且避免了由此引起的结构费用增高。无运动部件的喷射泵的简单结构降低了结构费用并且避免了由于因机械部件磨损引起的修理所造成的停机时间。此外,不使用与输送产物相混合的外部能量载体作为压力液体,这种混合在输送产物的后续处理中是不利的。另外,在很多情况下没有已分离的压力液体可供使用,以致可保证该泵装置的持续可使用性。
当然,可由一个挤压泵1对多个喷射泵2供给液体。

Claims (15)

1.用于借助一个挤压泵(1)输送多相混合物、尤其是输送来自一个钻孔的碳氢化合物的方法,多相混合物通过该挤压泵被抽吸,其特征在于:一个液体分流(13)在压力侧从主输送流分支出并且被导送给至少一个喷射泵(2)的高压侧,该喷射泵作为辅助输送装置安置在挤压泵(1)的抽吸侧。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于:该喷射泵(2)安置在该钻孔(3)内或该钻孔(3)上。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于:在挤压泵(1)内进行气相与液相的分离并且通向喷射泵(2)的液体分流(13)由分离出的液相中分支出。
4.根据权利要求3的方法,其特征在于:分离出的液相的一个体积分流经过短路管道(15)被配量地输送给挤压泵(1)的抽吸侧。
5.根据以上权利要求中一项的方法,其特征在于:在分支出液体分流(13)后,该液体分流通过一个用于分离气相和液相的附加分离器(4)被导送。
6.根据以上权利要求中一项的方法,其特征在于:在挤压泵(1)与喷射泵(2)之间通过一个增压泵(5)来增高输送压力。
7.泵装置,具有一个用于输送多相混合物的、具有一个抽吸管(10)和一个压力室的挤压泵(1),其中,抽吸管(10)尤其通到一个钻孔中,其特征在于:一个供给管道(7)将挤压泵(1)的压力室与至少一个喷射泵(2)的高压侧相连接并且该喷射泵(2)在挤压泵(1)的输送方向上安置在抽吸侧。
8.根据权利要求7的泵装置,其特征在于:喷射泵(2)在挤压泵(1)的输送方向上被设置在抽吸管(10)通入钻孔(3)的通入区域中。
9.根据权利要求7或8的泵装置,其特征在于:在挤压泵壳体内部在压力室内构成用于分离气相与液相的分离装置。
10.根据权利要求7至9中一项的泵装置,其特征在于:一个短路管道(15)从挤压泵(1)的压力室侧通向抽吸侧,用于配量地输送分离出的液相。
11.根据权利要求7至10中一项的泵装置,其特征在于:在供给管道(7)中设置了一个用于分离液相与气相的附加分离器(4)。
12.根据权利要求11的泵装置,其特征在于:一个回流管道(14)从附加分离器(4)引向挤压泵(1)的压力管道(11)。
13.根据权利要求7至12中一项的泵装置,其特征在于:在供给管道(7)中设置了一个增压泵(5)。
14.根据权利要求7至13中一项的泵装置,其特征在于:挤压泵(1)被构成为一个螺杆泵。
15.根据权利要求7至14中一项的泵装置,其特征在于:喷射泵(2)被设置在钻孔(3)内或该钻孔上,尤其是被设置在抽吸管(10)的端部。
CN2004800298710A 2003-10-27 2004-10-21 用于输送多相混合物的方法和泵装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1867753B (zh)

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