CN1860272B - 基于矿物纤维的绝缘板,其生产方法及其应用 - Google Patents

基于矿物纤维的绝缘板,其生产方法及其应用 Download PDF

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CN1860272B
CN1860272B CN2004800284027A CN200480028402A CN1860272B CN 1860272 B CN1860272 B CN 1860272B CN 2004800284027 A CN2004800284027 A CN 2004800284027A CN 200480028402 A CN200480028402 A CN 200480028402A CN 1860272 B CN1860272 B CN 1860272B
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E·费里
S·马佐莱尼
F·瓦罗塔
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Saint Gobain Isover SA France
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
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    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
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Abstract

本文公开了基于矿物纤维的用于隔绝电器设备的绝缘板,所述矿物纤维例如是玻璃纤维、玻璃棉、石棉等,所述电器设备诸如是电炉、微波炉、冷冻机、热水器及空调等;所述绝缘板包括互相连接的矿物纤维的芯(13;113)和敷贴于矿物纤维芯(13;113)的至少一个表面上的贴面层(9;9′)。本文还公开了生产基于矿物纤维的绝缘板的方法及其各步骤,也公开了所述绝缘板的应用。

Description

基于矿物纤维的绝缘板,其生产方法及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电器设备的绝缘板,尤其涉及一种家用电器的绝缘板,以及该绝缘板的生产方法和应用。
背景技术
市面上广泛应用热绝缘板,它通常用于使电器设备保温,特别是家用电器设备,例如电炉或微波炉、冷冻机、热水器、空调设备及类似物。
这些板具有由绝缘材料制成的芯,所述绝缘材料例如是玻璃纤维,所述芯可用铝薄膜贴在一个或两个表面上。此处铝贴面层使板更易于处理、抑制由玻璃纤维产生的灰尘,和当这些板被叠放或堆积时减少玻璃纤维散开及粘结在一起的危险。
这些板通常被布置在家用电器设备开口的外面,板的铝贴面通常被布置在面朝家用电器外面的板的表面上。通常,这些板是看不见的,并被布置在制成于家用电器外壳中的间隙内。
通常,在与家用电器组装之前,这些板预制有孔,适于容纳紧固件,例如能使家用电器的电缆通过。
在现有技术的绝缘板中,主要由于铝贴面层的电传导及热传导性能而具有各种缺点。
特别是,由于这些板常常具有穿过它们的电缆并与这些电缆接触,如果这些电缆没有被合适地绝缘,导电的铝贴面就可能产生危险的短路。另外,所述铝贴面不是足够弹性的,因此柔性不够,并且还易于开裂,而且可能在其边沿上受到切割。
还有,由于玻璃纤维芯是良好的热绝缘体,而铝贴面是良好的热导体,因此,在玻璃纤维芯与铝贴面之间形成了热桥,而这损害了板的绝缘性能。
为了生产现有技术的这些板,熔化的玻璃首先被导入纤维生产机器,玻璃纤维从所述机器排出,所述玻璃纤维与粘结剂混合并滴落在输送机皮带上,玻璃纤维,在输送机皮带上受到空气抽吸的作用以便随后输送到稳定粘结剂的炉子中。
在使用粘结剂的另一种情况下,为使板的芯中的玻璃纤维互相连接,集中在传输机皮带上的这些玻璃纤维可受到针刺操作,以便依靠特别的带钩的针来获得机械的连接。
在任何情况下,获得的是通过化学方法(使用粘结剂)或通过机械装置(利用针刺)而互相连接的玻璃纤维的芯或垫层,它可被绕成卷,以便它能被输送至后面的工作阶段,在所述工作阶段使用合适的含硅酸盐的粘结剂把铝贴面粘结在玻璃纤维填料上。
其次,具有其铝贴面的玻璃纤维垫层被绕成卷或可被切割,以制成半成品板,所述半成品板被切割成:获得具有合适的安装孔及电缆穿引孔的所要求尺寸。
最后,所述卷或半成品板被送往最终的干燥阶段,以使用于敷贴铝贴面的粘结剂干燥。
已变得明显的是:用于生产绝缘板的这些工艺是漫长的和昂贵的,特别是由于大量的粘合铝贴面所需的阶段。
发明内容
本发明的目的是通过提出一种基于玻璃纤维的绝缘板来消除现有技术的缺点,所述板基于选自玻璃纤维、玻璃棉、岩棉的矿物纤维;所述绝缘板包括:通过矿物粘结剂或机械连接而互相连接的矿物纤维的芯,和敷贴在所述矿物纤维芯的至少一个表面上的贴面层,其特征在于:所述贴面层包括织造-非织造物、矿物纤维织造织物或矿物纤维网,贴面层通过矿物粘结剂化学地粘结于所述芯的各矿物纤维上,或是机械地连接于所述芯的各矿物纤维。所述基于玻璃纤维的绝缘板具有良好的绝热性,同时提供了良好的电绝缘。
本发明的另一个目的是提出一种绝缘板,它具有极大地可挠曲性,消除了任何割断的风险。
本发明还有的另一个目的是提出这样一种绝缘板,对于使用者,它是多用途的,是实用的并且经济生产简单。
根据本发明,这些目的用具有所附的独立权利要求1中概括的各特征的绝缘板来达到。
本发明的另一个目的是提出生产基于矿物纤维的绝缘板的一种方法,所述方法是有效的、快捷的,同时是经济的和简单的。
根据本发明,这个目的应用生产绝缘板的方法来达到,所述方法的各阶段分别概括在所附的权利要求13及19中。
本发明的最终目的是在电器中使用这样一种绝缘板,特别是在诸如上述的那些家用电器中。
根据本发明的基于玻璃纤维的绝缘板包括:互相连接的玻璃纤维的芯,和连接于所述玻璃纤维芯的至少一个表面的贴面层。
本发明的特有特点是:贴面层包括织造-非织造物(TNT);矿物纤维的织造物;或是矿物纤维的,特别是玻璃纤维的网。为了方便起见,下文中贴面层将主要是指织造-非织造物(TNT)层,通常也称为
“无纺织物”。
本发明在最终产品和生产过程中产生了许许多多的优点。
特别是,织造-非织造物在电和热两方面是良好的绝缘体。其结果是消除了穿过板的电缆短路的风险,同时没有看到玻璃棉芯与织造-非织造物贴面层之间的温度的突然跳跃。
此外,TNT贴面改善了板的操作,据此保证了使用者具有比带铝贴面的板更好的手感。
此外,因为TNT比铝更有弹性和挠性,此外使所述板更容易处理,还避免了所述板边沿开裂的危险。
附图说明
通过阅读下文的详细描述,本发明的其它特点将变得更清楚明显,所述详细描述涉及纯粹作为非限制性例子的、各附图中描绘的各实施例,其中:
图1是功能图,它简略地表示生产根据本发明的基于矿石纤维的绝缘板的方法;和
图2是功能图,它简略地描绘生产基于矿石纤维的绝缘板的方法的第二实施例。
具体实施方式
生产根据本发明的基于玻璃纤维的绝缘板的方法的第一实施例,现将应用图1来加以描述。
熔化的玻璃膏1被送至纤维化机器2,纤维化机器2产生许多玻璃纤维10。
所述机器使用了所谓的内离心式的旋转纤维化方法,在所述方法中,已熔化的材料被盛在对称旋转并称为旋转器的旋转部件中,所述旋转部件具有穿有多个小孔的壁,所述已熔化的材料通过所述多个小孔被注入并由牵引气流控制。
为了本发明的目的,所述机器被调节以便生产这样的纤维:所述纤维的特征是:在5g载荷下具有3-4.5数量级马克隆值(micronaire)细度。根据图1的实施例,所述纤维有利地具有5g载荷下3-8等级马克隆值细度。
离开纤维生产机器2的玻璃纤维10被输送通过喷雾环3,在喷雾环3中一种或多种粘结剂被喷雾,这些粘结剂与玻璃纤维10相结合以提高它们之间的化学粘结。可使用矿物粘结剂作为粘结剂,例如聚磷酸铝盐的含水溶液。
在这种方法中,与粘结剂11混合的各玻璃纤维离开喷雾机3并在支承9上面被集中在一起,以形成玻璃纤维与粘结剂的稀疏集合体12,在其中粘结剂完成其在玻璃纤维上的粘结作用。支承9具有带的形状,它是从主卷筒90上退绕出的,并利用传输机4在箭头FA方向上前进。
支承9是由织造-非织造物(TNT)、织造的玻璃纤维织物或玻璃纤维网制成的带。支承9较好是由基于塑料的织造-非织造物制成的,所述塑料例如是聚乙烯和/或聚酯的衍生物,金属氧化物填充剂可能被添加于它们之中。
在传输机4的区域中,在支承9下面,有个抽吸装置5,其功能是透过支承9从玻璃纤维与粘结剂的稀疏集合体12抽吸空气,以便抽出玻璃纤维灰尘和与此同时有利于第一次降低纤维及粘结剂的湿度。
应该指出:由于使用了由一定重量的织造-非织造物制成的支承9,这使空气能被过滤,空气抽吸阶段可在玻璃纤维集合体12被盛在支承9上面的同时完成。如果支承9是用如同现有技术中的例如铝薄膜的金属材料制成的,这个操作明显地是不可能的,铝薄膜不允许空气通过。作为指标,10-100g/m2数量级的重量有效地实现了允许空气被抽吸通过的功能。
抽吸装置5的下游,并且也是玻璃纤维集合体12的下游,有个挤压辊6,它的功能是完成所述玻璃纤维的第一次压实,以便获得布置在支承9上面的基本均匀的玻璃纤维的芯或垫层13。在下支承9与玻璃纤维垫层13之间的粘结,由利用抽吸装置5完成的抽吸阶段保证,在此阶段期间,粘结剂的湿度被减小了。
作为最终产品,如果要求玻璃纤维板在两侧面上具有贴面,则应用了第二主卷筒90′,TNT带9′从第二主卷筒90′退绕出来,最好基本类似于贴面9从第一主卷筒90上退绕出来。
在挤压辊6的下游,在已压实的玻璃纤维垫层13的上方,有个“涂墨辊”装置7,它包括粘结剂分布辊,所述分布辊从位于下方的大槽中拾取粘结剂并把它散布在TNT带9′的整个下侧面。这个阶段使用的粘结剂可以是与在其它的含水溶液中的喷雾机3使用的相同的粘结剂,或是不同的矿物粘结剂。
之所以需要使用涂墨辊装置7,是因为在抽吸装置5的下游,在喷雾阶段期间添加至玻璃纤维的粘结剂通常被干燥得太过干燥或是完全干燥,而因此通常不能使所述上支承连接于玻璃纤维垫层13。
在涂墨辊装置7的下游有个挤压辊70,它决定支承9′和纤维垫层13之间的结合。在此阶段,矿物纤维的芯的厚度的数量级通常为15-35mm,特别是20-30mm的数量级。
为了使上支承9′粘合于玻璃纤维垫层13,包夹在下支承9与上支承9′之间的玻璃纤维垫层13通过下输送机皮带80和上输送机皮带80′前进到炉子8中,炉子8使由涂墨辊装置7沉积的粘结剂干燥,因此可使上支承9′粘结于玻璃纤维垫层13上并稳定住各纤维之间的粘结剂。粘结剂烘干炉8的工作温度范围在100℃与200℃之间。
最后,与下支承及上支承9、9′粘结的玻璃纤维层13层被制成卷或被切割和被直接切割,以获得合适尺寸的绝缘毡,所述绝缘毡包含玻璃纤维层13,各玻璃纤维被粘结在一起并利用矿物型粘结剂粘结到至少一个支承9、9′中。
生产基于玻璃纤维的绝缘板的方法的第二实施例被构造成图1方法的各种变型,现将参考图2进行描述。因为类似于图1的实施例,对应于那些已参考图1作了描述的相同元件用相同的标号标注,并不再详细描述。
在这个第二实施例中,玻璃纤维10离开纤维生产机器2,并且不与能在各纤维之间产生化学粘结的粘结剂混合。在此情况下,使用了最少量的介质,它的唯一的目的是抑制灰尘而不是在各纤维之间产生化学的粘结。通常,使用了本身已知的称为
Figure G2004800284027D00061
的介质作为抗尘添加剂。
根据图2的实施例,各纤维有利地具有5g载荷下3.5-4.5数量级的马克隆值细度。
在这点上,各玻璃纤维被集中在一起以形成垫层112(图2),垫层112可被卷成卷。
玻璃纤维垫层112在两个支承9、9′之间前进,支承9、9′从第一及第二主卷筒90、90′退绕。明显的是,如果要想仅在纤维的一个表面上有贴面,两个卷筒90、90′中的一个可被省去,较好是省去上卷筒90′。
在卷筒90、90′的下游,各个连接辊170、170′能张紧各个支承9、9′,支承9、9′设置在玻璃纤维垫层112的下方和上方。具有各个支承9、9′的玻璃纤维垫层112利用输送机140在箭头FA的方向上朝针刺机108前进。
针刺机108包括:布置在下支承9平面下方的多个带钩的针180;和布置在上支承9′平面上方的多个带钩的针180′。各下针180和各上针180′在箭头FV方向上以往复运动方式垂直地移动。
以这种方法,各针180、180′穿过各个支承9、9′,并把垫层112的玻璃纤维与各个支承9、9′连接在一起。结果是,刚一离开针刺机108,就将获得压实的玻璃纤维的芯或垫层113,在其中,各玻璃纤维被机械地连接在一起,分别被机械地连接于下支承9和被机械地连接于上支9′。
应该指出的是:由于使用了织造-非织造物支承9、9′,它们具有适于针180、180′穿过的和最好100g/m2数量级的重量,所以针刺阶段可直接在支承9、9′上完成,避免了把支承9、9′粘结于纤维垫层112的后续粘结阶段。如果像现有技术使用了例如铝薄膜的金属材料作为支承9、9′,这种操作显然是不可能的,这里应是利用针180、180′通过来进行针刺,总之没有产生所述薄膜与纤维芯之间的连接。
具有机械连接的各个支承9、9′的纤维垫层113,利用输送机141被输送出针刺机108,并从该处送往把它卷绕成卷而后切割和/或修整的后续各阶段,以便获得所要求的产品。
对本发明的目前各实施例可能做的无数的变型和细节方面的修正都在技术人员的权限范围内,然而,所有这些都在本发明范围内,如同由所附的各权利要求所限定的。

Claims (24)

1.用于绝热电器设备的一种绝缘板,所述板基于选自玻璃纤维、玻璃棉、岩棉的矿物纤维,所述绝缘板包括:通过矿物粘结剂或机械连接而互相连接的矿物纤维的芯(13;113),和敷贴在所述矿物纤维芯(13;113)的至少一个表面上的贴面层(9;9′),其特征在于:所述贴面层(9;9′)包括织造-非织造物(TNT)、矿物纤维织造织物或矿物纤维网,贴面层(9;9′)通过矿物粘结剂化学地粘结于所述芯的各矿物纤维上,或是机械地连接于所述芯的各矿物纤维。
2.如权利要求1所要求的板,其特征在于:所述贴面层(9;9′)包括玻璃织造织物或纤维网。
3.如权利要求1所要求的板,其特征在于:所述贴面层(9;9′)包括聚合物合成纤维的织造-非织造物(TNT),该制造-非织造物包括聚乙烯及聚脂的衍生物,金属氧化物填充剂能够被添加入所述衍生物。
4.如前述各权利要求中任一项所要求的板,其特征在于:所述贴面层(9;9′)的厚度范围位于0.05mm-1.5mm。
5.如前述各权利要求中任一项所要求的板,其特征在于:所述贴面层(9;9′)的重量范围位于10g/m2-100g/m2
6.如前述各权利要求中任一项所要求的板,其特征在于:所述矿物纤维芯具有数量级为600-1000g/m2的单位重量面积的质量。
7.如前述各权利要求中任一项所要求的板,其特征在于:所述矿物纤维芯包括具有数量级为5g载荷下3-4.5马克隆值的玻璃纤维。
8.如前述各权利要求中任一项所要求的板,其特征在于:它包括化学粘结剂,以便在芯(13)的各纤维之间形成化学粘结和在贴面层(9;9′)与芯(13)的各矿物纤维之间形成化学粘结。
9.如权利要求8所要求的板,其特征在于:所述化学粘结剂是矿物粘结剂,所述矿物粘结剂含有聚磷酸铝盐的含水溶液。
10.如权利要求1-7中任一项所要求的板,其特征在于:芯(113)的所述各矿物纤维是机械地互相连接的,所述贴面层(9;9′)机械地连接于芯(113)的各矿物纤维上。
11.如权利要求10所要求的板,其特征在于:所述机械连接是通过针刺各矿物纤维和通过把各矿物纤维针刺在贴面层(9;9′)上而获得的。
12.如权利要求10或11所要求的板,其特征在于:它包括在芯(113)的各矿物纤维之间的诸如
Figure F2004800284027C00021
的抗尘剂。
13.如权利要求1-9中任一项所要求的生产基于矿物纤维的绝缘板的方法,而所述方法包括以下步骤:
-由熔化的矿物质(1)纺出各矿物纤维(10),
-在所述各矿物纤维(10)之间产生化学形式的粘结,以获得化学上互相粘结的矿物纤维的芯(13;113),
-在所述矿物纤维芯(13;113)与贴面层(9;9′)之间的化学形式的粘结,所述贴面层(9;9′)位于所述矿物纤维芯(13;113)的至少一个表面上。
14.如权利要求13所要求的方法,其特征在于:把各矿物纤维(10)粘结在一起的所述阶段与依靠化学形式的粘结把各矿物纤维(10)粘结于贴面层(9;9′)的步骤同时进行。
15.如权利要求13或14所要求的方法,其特征在于:所述化学形式的粘结步骤涉及以下各阶段:
-把矿物粘结剂(11)添加至各矿物纤维(10)中,
-将各矿物纤维(10)与所述矿物粘结剂(11)一起盛在所述贴面层(9;9′)的带上,
-透过所述贴面层(9)抽吸空气,而后使所述矿物粘结剂干燥,以便生成各矿物纤维之间的粘结和各矿物纤维与贴面层(9)之间的粘结。
16.如权利要求15所要求的方法,其特征在于:还包括下述步骤:
-把矿物粘结剂沉积于第二贴面层(9′)上,和
-把所述第二贴面层(9′)敷贴在矿物纤维芯(13)的表面上,该表面与所述第一贴面层(9)被粘结的表面相对,使得所述矿物粘结剂位于所述第二贴面层(9′)与矿物纤维芯(13)的一个表面之间。
17.如权利要求16所要求的方法,其特征在于:还包括通过加热使沉积在所述第二贴面层(9′)与矿物纤维芯(13)的一个表面之间的所述矿物粘结剂干燥的步骤。
18.如权利要求17所要求的方法,其特征在于:通过加热使矿物粘结剂干燥的所述步骤是在100℃与200℃之间的温度范围内进行的。
19.如权利要求10-12中任一项所要求的生产基于矿物纤维的绝缘板的方法,包括下列各步骤:
-由熔化的矿物质(1)纺出各矿物纤维(10),
-使所述各矿物纤维(10)彼此机械形式连接,以获得机械地互相连接的矿物纤维的芯(113),
-使所述矿物纤维芯(113)机械形式连接到贴面层(9;9′)上,所述贴面层(9;9′)位于所述矿物纤维芯(113)的至少一个表面上。
20.如权利要求19所要求的方法,其特征在于:把各矿物纤维(10)彼此粘结的所述阶段与在应用机械式的连接把各矿物纤维(10)粘结在贴面层(9;9′)上的步骤同时进行。
21.如权利要求19或20所要求的方法,其特征在于:所述机械形式的连接通过针刺进行,其中带钩的针(180;180′)穿过所述贴面层(9;9′),以使所述芯(113)的矿物纤维彼此机械地连接并机械地连接于贴面层(9;9′)。
22.如权利要求19-21中任一项所要求的方法,其特征在于:包括在所述机械连接步骤之前把抗尘剂添加至各矿物纤维的步骤。
23.如权利要求13-22中任一项所要求的方法,其特征在于:从熔化的矿物质起纺出各矿物纤维(10)的步骤是通过内离心式的旋转工艺进行的。
24.对如权利要求1-12中任一项所要求的用于绝热电器设备的绝缘板的应用,所述电器设备包括家用电器设备,该家用电器设备包括电炉、微波炉、冷冻器、热水器或空调设备。
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CN1860272A (zh) 2006-11-08
KR20060096421A (ko) 2006-09-11
EA200600692A1 (ru) 2006-08-25
KR101058841B1 (ko) 2011-08-23
PL1670997T3 (pl) 2020-11-16
ES2807326T3 (es) 2021-02-22
WO2005032811A2 (fr) 2005-04-14
WO2005032811A3 (fr) 2005-06-02
EP1670997A2 (fr) 2006-06-21
EP1520945A3 (en) 2005-06-08
EP1520945A2 (en) 2005-04-06
JP2007508958A (ja) 2007-04-12

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