CN107283951A - 一种阻燃天然纤维复合板材及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种阻燃天然纤维复合板材及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107283951A
CN107283951A CN201610194141.0A CN201610194141A CN107283951A CN 107283951 A CN107283951 A CN 107283951A CN 201610194141 A CN201610194141 A CN 201610194141A CN 107283951 A CN107283951 A CN 107283951A
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retardant
fire
natural fiber
composite plate
fiber
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杨桂生
刘密密
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Qinghai Chaidamu Jieqing Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种阻燃天然纤维复合板材，由以下重量份的组分制成：阻燃天然纤维30～45份和阻燃热塑性树脂纤维55～70份。本发明还公开了一种上述阻燃天然纤维复合板材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：将阻燃天然纤维与阻燃热塑性树脂纤维进行混合，混合后的纤维经过开松、铺网形成混合天然纤维薄网；将上述混合天然纤维薄网交替铺层后形成层叠天然纤维网，针刺成毡后加热、辊压，形成连续的阻燃天然纤维复合板材。本发明提供的阻燃天然纤维复合板材具有无毒、无污染、加工工艺简单、能源损耗小、环保性能突出的特点。

Description

一种阻燃天然纤维复合板材及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于复合材料技术领域，涉及一种纤维复合板材及其制备方法。
背景技术
天然纤维的纤维密度小，比强度较高，作为增强材料开发，已经有大量的研究和发明。天然纤维是一种可循环利用的材料，其生长周期多为1～2年，该材料废弃后，经过一段时间可以自然降解，作为一种绿色环保材料，其应用能力的开发不断地得到拓展。欧美，日本和中国很多科研成果也已经进入实用推广阶段，显示出良好的应用前景。目前汽车内饰件的仪表板，门内板，顶棚，行李箱内衬等零部件，天然纤维复合材料均有涉及。
中国专利201010604305.5公开了一种天然纤维复合材料汽车内饰板及其生产方法，所述汽车内饰板，包含基层和层压在基层上的至少一个表面上的非织物或织物表面层，基层由聚乳酸纤维、麻纤维及玄武岩纤维组成，表面层由聚乳酸纤维组成，本发明可制成三位深拉伸的高强度汽车内饰板，当其用作汽车门内板、顶棚基材时，安全坚固，绿色环保。
中国专利200610168547.8公开了一种竹纤维/棉麻纤维/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯树脂构成的汽车内饰板。中国专利201010142221.4采用天然纤维与聚乳酸短纤利用开松，梳理，交叉铺网，针刺成毡生产出一种天然纤维复合材料，该材料经过浆液处理，裁剪处理，热压固化成板材，该专利采用的方法复杂并且繁琐，导致材料的成本较高，难以实现工业化应用。
中国专利200610039121.2将制作胶面层、中间基层和面料层所需的纤维，按胶面层、中间基层和面料层的顺序通过铺网、针刺成复合麻毡、再经加热辊压成型，加工形成汽车用顶棚板材，此麻纤维的使用量较大，并且经过热辊压制可以提高产品的质量，但是由于材料的中间基层添加涤纶纤维，材料没有完全粘结，导致材料的强度较低，不适宜用于强度较高的场合。
专利200810005276.3中采用：木材削片、纤维研磨、纤维施胶，纤维铺装、预压、热压、修边、砂光等步骤，加工出密度为0.25-0.45g/cm3的阻燃板材。该专利加工形成的低密度纤维具有良好的吸音、隔音等性能，可广泛的用作木门的门芯、隔墙的芯材等。
上述专利中天然纤维复合材料存在以下缺陷：1.天然纤维复合材料的加工工序复杂，导致材料的成本增加；2.天然麻纤维使用量过高，导致天然纤维增强材料的强度较低，没有体现天然纤维增强的效果；3.复合材料的阻燃效果没有做任何考虑，其使用受到很大限制。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种无毒、无污染、加工工艺简单、能源损耗小、环保性能突出的阻燃天然纤维复合板材。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种上述阻燃天然纤维复合板材的制备方法。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种阻燃天然纤维复合板材，由以下重量份的组分制成：
阻燃天然纤维 30～45份；
阻燃热塑性树脂纤维 55～70份。
所述阻燃天然纤维的制备方法包括以下步骤：将阻燃剂与水配置成浓度为95％的浸轧液，将天然纤维二浸二轧后，在温度为80℃，时间为3min的条件下预烘，焙烘后水洗，在温度为80℃，时间为3min的条件下烘干，得到阻燃天然纤维。
所选天然纤维选自黄麻纤维、大麻纤维、亚麻纤维、竹原纤维、剑麻纤维、椰棕纤维或苎麻纤维中的一种或一种以上。
所述阻燃剂为含磷阻燃剂及无机硼系阻燃剂；其中含磷阻燃剂优选为聚磷酸铵或有机磷系阻燃剂；其中聚磷酸铵进一步优选为磷酸一铵或磷酸二铵，有机磷系阻燃剂进一步优选为甲基磷酸二甲酯；无机硼系阻燃剂优选为硼酸钠或硼酸。
所述阻燃热塑性树脂纤维选自阻燃PP短切纤维、阻燃ES短纤、阻燃PLA短切纤维、阻燃PET短切纤维或阻燃氨纶短切纤维中的一种或一种以上。
一种上述阻燃天然纤维复合板材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将阻燃天然纤维与阻燃热塑性树脂纤维进行混合，混合后的纤维经过开松、铺网形成混合天然纤维薄网；将上述混合天然纤维薄网交替铺层后形成层叠天然纤维网，针刺成毡后加热、辊压，形成连续的阻燃天然纤维复合板材。
所述加热的温度为180～200℃。
所述辊压的压力为0.3～1MPa。
由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明具有以下优点和有益效果：
1.本发明制备的阻燃天然纤维复合板材的表面丰富，表面复合外饰材料，适合多种场合使用。
2.本发明制备的阻燃天然纤维复合板材的原料天然纤维和热塑性树脂纤维都进行阻燃处理，保证了阻燃天然纤维复合板材阻燃效果的稳定性；高于汽车内饰要求标准。
3.本发明所选用的材料均为安全无毒、环境友好型、使人体舒适的材料。
4.本发明制备阻燃天然纤维复合板材的方法适用的纤维种类比较多，可以进行多种纤维的加工。
5.本发明采用的是一体化成型设备，将混合后的纤维进行开松，铺网的过程中，增加了称重系统，该系统可以保证出料更加均匀，铺成的网面更加均匀。该设备可以直接成型阻燃天然纤维复合板材；去除加热烘箱及热压辊则加工形成天然纤维毡；天然纤维毡可以作为航海用，火车用吸音材料，门内芯板，隔墙的芯材。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的阻燃天然纤维复合板材加工所用装置的结构示意图。
其中：1为混合天然纤维薄网，2为梳网机，3为层叠天然纤维网，4为针刺机，5为加热烘箱，6为热压辊，7为天然纤维复合板材，8为支架，9为底帘。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图所示实施例对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
下面实施例中，如无特殊说明，所用原料的含量为重量份。
本发明实施例所用的阻燃PP短切纤维购自东莞市寮步明杰纤维棉制品厂；阻燃ES短纤购自丹阳市曙光纤维有限公司；阻燃PLA短切纤维购自深圳市光华伟业实业有限公司；阻燃PET短切纤维购自扬州天伦纤维有限公司；阻燃氨纶短切纤维购自烟台氨纶股份有限公司。
以下所用的阻燃天然纤维的制备方法包括以下步骤：将阻燃剂与水配置成浓度为95％的浸轧液，将天然纤维二浸二轧后，在温度为80℃，时间为3min的条件下预烘，焙烘后水洗，在温度为80℃，时间为3min的条件下烘干，得到阻燃天然纤维。
实施例1
如图1所示，图1是本发明实施例的阻燃天然纤维复合板材加工所用装置的结构示意图。
1.将阻燃剂磷酸一铵处理的椰棕纤维与阻燃ES短纤进行混合，粗略拌匀后，将其投入料仓，其中椰棕纤维含量为30份，阻燃ES短纤含量为70份；
2.将混合后的纤维经过开松，梳网机2铺网，形成混合天然纤维薄网1，即椰棕/ES混合纤维薄网；
3.将上述混合天然纤维薄网1交替铺层后，形成层叠天然纤维网3，即层叠椰棕/ES纤维网，该层叠纤维网通过底帘9进行传输，并在通过针刺机4后，进行针刺成毡；
4.将针刺毡通过加热烘箱5加热，并利用热压辊6辊压，辊压的压力为0.3～1MPa，形成连续的天然纤维复合板材7，即阻燃椰棕/ES复合板材，热压温度范围为195-200℃，热压形成的板由支架8进行支撑；
5.该复合板材在支架8处进行裁切，裁切后的材料进行测试。
实施例2
1.将阻燃剂磷酸二铵处理的黄麻纤维与阻燃PP短切纤维进行混合，粗略拌匀后，将其投入料仓，其中黄麻纤维含量为35份，阻燃PP短切纤维含量为65份；
2.将混合后的纤维经过开松，梳网机铺网，形成黄麻/PP混合纤维薄网；
3.将上述混合天然纤维薄网交替铺层后，形成层叠天然纤维网，通过针刺机针刺成毡；
4.将针刺毡通过加热烘箱加热，并利用热压辊辊压，辊压的压力为0.3～1MPa，形成连续的阻燃黄麻/PP纤维复合板材，热压温度范围为195-200℃；
5.将连续的阻燃黄麻/PP纤维复合板材进行裁切，裁切后的材料进行测试。
实施例3
1.将阻燃剂甲基磷酸二甲酯处理的亚麻纤维、苎麻纤维与阻燃ES短纤进行混合，粗略拌匀后，将其投入料仓，其中亚麻纤维含量为20份，苎麻纤维含量为20份，阻燃ES短纤含量为60份；
2.将混合后的纤维经过开松，梳网机铺网，形成阻燃亚麻/苎麻/ES混合纤维薄网
3.将上述阻燃亚麻/苎麻/ES混合纤维薄网交替铺层后，形成层叠天然纤维网，阻燃亚麻/苎麻/ES混合纤维复合毡通过针刺机进行针刺；
4.将针刺毡通过加热烘箱加热，并利用热压辊辊压，辊压的压力为0.3～1MPa，形成连续的阻燃亚麻/苎麻/ES混合纤维复合板材，热压温度范围为180-190℃；
5.将连续阻燃亚麻/苎麻/ES混合纤维复合板材进行裁切，裁切后的材料进行测试。
实施例4
1.将阻燃剂甲基磷酸二甲酯处理的剑麻纤维、苎麻纤维与阻燃PP短切纤维进行混合，粗略拌匀后，将其投入料仓，其中剑麻纤维含量为30份，苎麻纤维含量为10份，阻燃PP短切纤维含量为60份；
2.将混合后的纤维经过开松，梳网机铺网，形成阻燃剑麻/苎麻/PP混合纤维薄网；
3.将上述天然纤维薄网交替铺层后，形成层叠天然纤维网，通过针刺机进行针刺成毡；
4.将针刺毡通过加热烘箱加热，并利用热压辊热辊压，辊压的压力为0.3～1MPa，形成连续的阻燃剑麻/苎麻/PP混合纤维复合板材，材料的热压温度范围为190-200℃；
5.将连续的阻燃剑麻/苎麻/PP混合纤维复合板材进行裁切，裁切后的材料进行测试。
实施例5
1.将阻燃剂甲基磷酸二甲酯处理的竹原纤维、大麻纤维与阻燃ES短纤、阻燃氨纶短切纤维进行混合，粗略拌匀后，将其投入料仓，其中竹原纤维含量为20份，大麻纤维含量为25份，阻燃ES短纤含量为40份，阻燃氨纶短切纤维含量为15份；
2.将混合后的纤维经过开松，梳网机铺网，形成阻燃竹原/大麻/ES/氨纶混合纤维薄网；
3.将上述阻燃竹原/大麻/ES/氨纶混合纤维薄网交替铺层后，形成层叠天然纤维网，通过针刺机进行针刺成毡；
4.将针刺毡通过加热烘箱加热，并利用热压辊辊压，辊压的压力为0.3～1MPa，形成连续的阻燃竹原/大麻/ES/氨纶混合纤维复合板材，热压温度范围为190-200℃；
5.将连续的阻燃竹原/大麻/ES/氨纶混合纤维复合板材进行裁切，裁切后的材料进行测试。实施例6
1.将阻燃剂硼酸钠处理的苎麻纤维与阻燃PLA短切纤维进行混合，粗略拌匀后，将其投入料仓，其中苎麻纤维含量为40份，阻燃PLA短切纤维含量为60份；
2.将混合后的纤维经过开松，梳网机铺网，形成阻燃苎麻/PLA混合纤维薄网；
3.将上述阻燃苎麻/PLA混合纤维薄网交替铺层后，形成层叠天然纤维网，通过针刺机进行针刺成毡；
4.将针刺毡通过加热烘箱加热，并利用热压辊辊压，辊压的压力为0.3～1MPa，形成连续的苎麻/PLA混合纤维复合板材，热压温度范围为190-200℃；
5.将连续的苎麻/PLA混合纤维复合板材进行裁切，裁切后的材料进行测试。
实施例7
1.将阻燃剂硼酸处理的黄麻纤维与阻燃PET短切纤维进行混合，粗略拌匀后，将其投入料仓，其中黄麻纤维含量为45份，阻燃PET短切纤维含量为55份；
2.将混合后的纤维经过开松，梳网机铺网，形成阻燃黄麻/PET混合纤维薄网；
3.将上述天然纤维薄网交替铺层后，形成层叠天然纤维网，通过针刺机进行针刺成毡；
4.将针刺毡通过加热烘箱加热，并利用热压辊辊压，辊压的压力为0.3～1MPa，形成连续的黄麻/PET混合纤维复合板材，热压温度范围为180-190℃；
5.将连续的黄麻/PET混合纤维复合板材进行裁切，裁切后的材料进行测试。
对比例1
1.将苎麻纤维与PLA纤维进行混合，粗略拌匀后，将其投入料仓，其中苎麻纤维含量为40份，PLA纤维含量为60份；
2.将混合后的纤维经过开松，梳网机铺网，形成苎麻/PLA混合纤维薄网；
3.将上述天然纤维薄网交替铺层后，形成层叠天然纤维网，通过针刺机进行针刺成毡；
4.将上述材料一起通过加热烘箱加热，并利用热压辊辊压，形成连续的苎麻/PLA混合纤维复合板材，热压温度范围为190-200℃；
5.将连续的苎麻/PLA混合纤维复合板材进行裁切，裁切后的材料进行测试。
对比例2
1.将黄麻纤维与PP纤维进行混合，粗略拌匀后，将其投入料仓，其中黄麻纤维含量为45份，PP纤维含量为55份；
2.将混合后的纤维经过开松，梳网机铺网，形成黄麻/PP混合纤维薄网；
3.将上述天然纤维薄网交替铺层后，形成层叠天然纤维网，通过针刺机进行针刺成毡；
4.将上述纤维毡一起通过加热烘箱加热，并利用热压辊辊压，形成连续的黄麻/PP混合纤维复合板材，热压温度范围为180-190℃；
5.将连续的黄麻/PP混合纤维复合板材进行裁切，裁切后的材料进行测试。
实施例1～7和对比例1和2的性能测试数据见表1。
表1
实施例 氧指数(％) 燃烧速度(mm/10min)
1 21 15
2 22 16
3 21 13
4 21 14
5 22 15
6 21 17
7 25 16
对比例1 17 22
对比例2 18 27
通过上述实施例测试结果表明，利用阻燃剂处理之后的阻燃天然纤维复合板材的氧指数提高至21-25，不同阻燃剂处理对材料的氧指数提高影响并不明显；阻燃处理后，阻燃天然纤维复合板材的燃烧速度下降至(13～17)mm/10min，而且数据显示，不同阻燃剂处理对材料的燃烧速度影响并不明显。
阻燃剂对天然纤维复合板材的阻燃效果有一定的改善，但是由于天然纤维本身属于易燃物，通过阻燃整理改善其阻燃性能，材料本身的性质变化很小，不同阻燃剂对其进行整理后，其阻燃效果变化不大。
上述的对实施例的描述是为便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和应用本发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对这些实施例做出各种修改，并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此，本发明不限于这里的实施例，本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示，不脱离本发明范畴所做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种阻燃天然纤维复合板材，其特征在于：由以下重量份的组分制成：
阻燃天然纤维 30～45份；
阻燃热塑性树脂纤维 55～70份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃天然纤维复合板材，其特征在于：所述阻燃天然纤维的制备方法包括以下步骤：将阻燃剂与水配置成浓度为95％的浸轧液，将天然纤维二浸二轧后，在温度为80℃，时间为3min的条件下预烘，焙烘后水洗，在温度为80℃，时间为3min的条件下烘干，得到阻燃天然纤维。
3.根据权利要求2所述的阻燃天然纤维复合板材，其特征在于：所选天然纤维选自黄麻纤维、大麻纤维、亚麻纤维、竹原纤维、剑麻纤维、椰棕纤维或苎麻纤维中的一种或一种以上。
4.根据权利要求2所述的阻燃天然纤维复合板材，其特征在于：所述阻燃剂为含磷阻燃剂及无机硼系阻燃剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的阻燃天然纤维复合板材，其特征在于：所述含磷阻燃剂为聚磷酸铵或有机磷系阻燃剂；
优选的，所述无机硼系阻燃剂为硼酸钠或硼酸。
6.根据权利要求5所述的阻燃天然纤维复合板材，其特征在于：所述聚磷酸铵为磷酸一铵或磷酸二铵；
优选的，所述有机磷系阻燃剂为甲基磷酸二甲酯。
7.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃天然纤维复合板材，其特征在于：所述阻燃热塑性树脂纤维选自阻燃PP短切纤维、阻燃ES短纤、阻燃PLA短切纤维、阻燃PET短切纤维或阻燃氨纶短切纤维中的一种或一种以上。
8.一种权利要求1至7任一所述的阻燃天然纤维复合板材的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：将阻燃天然纤维与阻燃热塑性树脂纤维进行混合，混合后的纤维经过开松、铺网形成混合天然纤维薄网；将上述混合天然纤维薄网交替铺层后形成层叠天然纤维网，针刺成毡后加热、辊压，形成连续的阻燃天然纤维复合板材。
9.根据权利要求8所述的阻燃天然纤维复合板材的制备方法，其特征在于：所述加热的温度为180～200℃。
10.根据权利要求8所述的阻燃天然纤维复合板材的制备方法，其特征在于：所述辊压的压力为0.3～1MPa。
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CN108312286A (zh) * 2018-01-24 2018-07-24 鹤山市怡欣纤维制品有限公司 阻燃隔热板的生产工艺
CN109333900A (zh) * 2018-10-10 2019-02-15 吉林大学 一种超薄麻纤维复合板连续局部辊压成型工艺方法
CN112692953A (zh) * 2020-12-21 2021-04-23 福州联泓交通器材有限公司 一种植物纤维遮阳板及其制造工艺
CN113679203A (zh) * 2021-09-07 2021-11-23 杭州中隽科技有限公司 一种阻燃抗菌抗病毒防霉防潮床垫及其制备方法
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CN108312286A (zh) * 2018-01-24 2018-07-24 鹤山市怡欣纤维制品有限公司 阻燃隔热板的生产工艺
CN109333900A (zh) * 2018-10-10 2019-02-15 吉林大学 一种超薄麻纤维复合板连续局部辊压成型工艺方法
CN109333900B (zh) * 2018-10-10 2021-03-09 吉林大学 一种超薄麻纤维复合板连续局部辊压成型工艺方法
WO2022000237A1 (zh) * 2020-06-30 2022-01-06 江苏朗悦新材料科技有限公司 一种复合板基材、复合板基材制备方法和装饰板
CN112692953A (zh) * 2020-12-21 2021-04-23 福州联泓交通器材有限公司 一种植物纤维遮阳板及其制造工艺
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Application publication date: 20171024