CN1859996A - 将焊接和胶接结合用以接合金属元件的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种接合金属元件(2、8)的方法具有下面这些步骤:在这些元件之间沉积粘合剂材料(16),并且通过固态或者熔接焊接把这些元件焊接在一起。焊接部(18)与粘合剂材料(16)分隔开并且被如此地形成,以致可以防止粘合剂材料(16)露出到焊接部(18)中。在由时间和空间所分开的这些元件中形成两种结合(胶粘和焊接)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种接合金属元件的方法,更加具体地说,本发明涉及一种接合金属元件的方法,该方法包括把元件焊接在一起并且把粘合剂插入到焊接元件之间。
背景技术
传统上,以包括熔接焊接、固态焊接、化学/机械结合和机械接合和锁紧在内的、各种各样的技术使一些金属元件接合在一起。在熔接焊接中,通过熔化金属的接合,使这些元件接合在一起。当这些元件的熔化金属被混合并且固化时,产生了这些元件之间的焊接。以熔接焊接为基础的传统过程包括气体金属弧焊接(如气体钨弧焊接)和激光束焊接。在金属元件的固态接合中,借助在压力作用下迫使这些零件在一起并且在这些元件之间的界面上施加热量,或者如以摩擦搅动焊接(friction stir welding)或者锻焊同时迫使塑化金属在一起,以实现配合表面之间的界面扩散。金属元件的化学/机械结合包括使用粘合剂、元件的锁紧的机械接合,如通过螺栓、铆钉和其它这样的固定器的机械接合。
在结构冗余比较重要或者在两个元件之间需要额外密封的一些情况下,这些接合过程中的两个过程可以结合起来使用以把它们的特别有利特性传给接合的总体性能。使用两个接合过程的这种方法已用于航空宇宙、汽车和交通工业中。典型地,使用机械固定器来接合元件和粘合剂或者密封剂。包括机械固定器和粘合剂在内的这些接合比较坚固并且可靠。
但是,熔接和以固态为基础的焊接过程与化学/机械结合过程(例如使用粘合剂)相结合,产生了问题。在相同的接合区域上同时施加这两个过程时,或者甚至当顺序地进行这两个过程时,产生了冶金的不相容。在焊接期间所形成的粘合剂(典型为有机材料)和热熔化塑化金属之间的接触严重地损害了焊接接合和胶接的一体性。在一些情况下,焊接的熔化金属和粘合剂之间的接触产生了粘附力从而强烈地分解成能够中断焊接过程的稳定性的烃烟(如焊接弧、激光束在锁眼和熔化池中所产生的等离子体),把污染物加入到固化焊接部(在表面上产生了总开口和容积孔、焊口、夹杂物和过量的杂质)并且导致不一致的焊接几何形状。如果在产生焊接的同时施加粘合剂,那么焊接借助从粘合剂中所喷出的烟可变成移位或者改变的形状,在不同的位置上被石化,或者形成不能控制的孔和遗漏,所有这些产生了较差的接合质量和均匀度。当热塑化金属接触粘合剂时,一些粘合剂可以加入到金属中并且作为连续的(如膜)或者片断的污染物分布在整个焊接部上。
相应地,仍然需要一种这样的方法,即使用熔接或者固态焊接和胶接来接合金属元件,该方法可以克服这些问题。
发明内容
本发明方法可以满足这种需要,借助物理地分开两个接合过程,通过在两个过程的施加之间进行物理分开和/或给它们的使用按顺序排列,该方法结合了通过焊接的接合和通过粘合剂/密封剂的接合。该方法包括一些步骤:提供具有第一接合表面的第一金属元件;提供具有第二接合表面的第二金属元件;使第一接合表面和第二接合表面熔接或者固态焊接在一起;及在第一和第二接合表面之间沉积粘合剂材料。粘合剂材料可以分配到在第二接合表面中所限定出的凹口中。第一元件可限定开口,从而能把粘合剂输送到第二接合表面的凹口中。在焊接之前(使用可膨胀的、可硬化的粘合剂),可预先放置粘合剂,或者在通过控制喷射来进行焊接之后,施加粘合剂。
这些焊接部可以是细长的,或者在多个位置上可以焊接这些元件,而粘合剂设置在位于这些焊接部之间的位置上。第二元件中的凹口包围着这些焊接部。
粘合剂材料可以包括加强件如纤维或者网。加强件还可以包括锁紧件,该锁紧件与第一和第二接合表面中的至少一个相接合。此外,粘合剂材料可以膨胀。
本发明还包括装配接合好的金属元件,该接合好的金属元件是根据本发明方法来制造出的。本发明方法特别适合在航空器机身的第一和第二元件之间、如在表面件和纵桁之间形成接合处,或者本发明方法特别适合接合机动车的元件。
通过结合附图的下面描述可以完全理解本发明,其中相同标记在所有附图中表示相同的零件。
附图说明
图1是接合之前的一对金属元件的横剖视图;
图2示出了使用支撑板根据本发明来焊接和分配粘合剂之后的、图1的元件;
图3是图2的焊接元件的顶视图;
图4是两个元件之间的接合处的焊接部和粘合剂的另一布置的横剖视图;
图5是两个元件之间的接合处的焊接部和粘合剂的另一布置的横剖视图;
图6是使用可膨胀粘合剂和焊接的一对接合金属元件的横截面图;
图7是使用具有加强件的粘合剂根据本发明来接合的焊接元件的横剖视图;
图8是使用具有加强件的粘合剂根据本发明来接合的焊接元件的横剖视图;
图9是使用具有加强件的粘合剂根据本发明来接合的焊接元件的横剖视图;
图10是使用锁紧件、粘合剂和焊接来接合的金属元件的横剖视图。
具体实施方式
出于下文的解释目的,术语“上部”、“下部”、“左”、“右”、“垂直”、“水平”、“顶部”、“底部”和它的派生词如它在附图中所取向那样来论及本发明。但是,应该知道的是,除了明确地具体说明是相反的之外,本发明可以采取各种各样的替换变形和步进顺序。还应该知道,在附图中所示出的及在下面说明中所描述的具体装置和过程是本发明的简单示例性实施例。因此,涉及这里所公开的实施例的具体尺寸大小和其它物理特性不能被认为是限制性的。
本发明涉及一种使用粘合剂或者密封剂的熔接或者固态焊接来生产接合金属元件的方法。本发明的重要特征是,借助分开接合体,可以避免结合过程的两种的相互不利作用,这些接合体借助时间和空间上的每个过程来生产。根据本发明所产生的焊接是熔接焊接或者固态焊接,并且在下文中一般称为“焊接”。合适的熔接焊接过程包括气体金属弧焊接、激光束焊接、电子束焊接和电阻缝焊。合适的固态焊接过程包括摩擦搅动焊接、锻造(forging)、铆接和超声波缝焊。本发明特别适合于用在接合铝合金元件上。
参照图1和2,具有露出表面4和第一接合表面6的第一金属元件2定位在具有第二接合表面10的第二金属元件8上。图1示出了作为片型产品的第一元件2和作为结构元件如肋的第二元件8。这种布置并不意味着是限制性的;根据本发明的方法,也可以接合金属元件的其它形状。第一元件2限定出至少一个开口12。开口12与在第二元件8中所限定出的凹口14对准。开口12和凹口14被定尺寸和构成成用来通过开口12把粘合剂分配到凹口14中。凹口14被示成和描述成在第二元件8中限定出,但是它们可以在第一元件2的第一接合表面6或者在元件2、8的两个表面中限定。
参照图2,粘合剂材料16被插入(例如,被喷射)通过开口12并且填充凹口14。粘合剂16也可以填充开口12。在分配粘合剂之前或者在把粘合剂分配到凹口14之后,元件2和8在位置18上被焊接在一起。图2所示出的焊接18被示成是摩擦搅动焊接的结果。如果在形成焊接18(通过放置粘合剂/密封剂垫或者类似物)之前把粘合剂16加入到凹口14中,那么有助于通过支撑件如支撑板20来支撑第二元件8,支撑板提供了这样的表面,即当把第一元件2推靠在第二元件8上以确保粘合剂16与第一接合表面相接触直到粘合剂16凝固为止时,第二元件8支承在该表面上。用在本发明中的可喷射粘合剂/密封剂材料的非限制性例子包括环氧基结构粘合剂、硅和聚硫化物。
参照图3,凹口14可以是连续的并且包围着焊接18的长度。元件2中的若干开口12被示出。开口12的数量和布置依赖于凹口14的尺寸大小。包围焊接18的粘合剂用来加强元件2和8之间的结合以及使位于元件2、8之间的焊接18的部分与环境密封起来。
在图4的实施例中,在分配粘合剂16之前,在凹口14的边缘外部形成密封焊接22。借助把元件2和8的边缘接合在一起,可以把粘合剂16分配到凹口14中而没有使用支撑板20或者其它装置来强制形成元件2和8之间的紧密配合。
图2所示的另一个实施例的特征在于,粘合剂挡壁(或者垫)24设置在第二元件8的边缘处。粘合剂挡壁24占据了凹口14'的周边部分,该周边部分延伸到第二元件18的边缘。在分配粘合剂16之前,粘合剂挡壁24被插入到凹口14'的周边中。粘合剂挡壁24粘到第一和第二元件2和8上并且在焊接或者分配粘合剂16期间使元件2和8相互保持接触,因此不需要支撑板20或者类似装置。预先形成的挡壁24可以是带形式的环氧基结构粘合剂(epoxy-based structuraladhesives)。
根据下面过程来使上述的第一和第二元件2、8之间的接合部可以通常接合起来。借助固定装置和/或使用粘着点接合(tack spot joint)如通过接触点焊(resistance spot welding)或者铆焊或者任选地借助施加密封焊接22或者粘合剂挡壁(adhensive dam)24,以合适的相对空间关系来放置要被接合的元件2、8。第一元件2被熔接或者固态焊接到第二元件8上。粘合剂16通过开口12喷射到凹口14中,同时如所需要的那样任选地通过支撑板20,使第一元件2保持邻接第二元件8。粘合剂16在室温下可需要硬化,或者加热到凝固。此外,在焊接之前,粘合剂/密封垫可以放置到位于元件2和8之间的凹口中,因此在焊接之后不需要喷射粘合剂。
参照图6,在没有使用要接合的元件中的凹口的情况下来实现本发明。在焊接之前,使可膨胀的粘合剂件101夹在第一元件102和第二元件108之间。在粘合剂件101的位置之间形成焊接18。粘合剂件101的材料被硬化或者被活化以使它们的尺寸增大,这些放大地示出在图6中。箭头所示的压力施加到处于粘合剂件101的位置上的第一元件102中,从而使元件102和108粘附在一起。
如图7-9所示一样,除粘合剂材料16外,凹口14还可以包括加强件和合适的加强件包括金属纤维110(参见图7)和金属网112(参见图8)或者它们的结合体,如图9所示,在该结合体中,凹口14包含粘合剂材料16、以及纤维110和网112。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,要接合起来的两个元件限定出凹口用以接受粘合剂材料。在图10中,第一元件202具有第一接合表面206,第二元件208具有第二接合表面210。接合表面206限定具有多个延伸部215a的凹口214a。接合表面210同样限定出具有延伸部215b的凹口214b。粘合剂材料216给凹口214a和214b的内表面上加衬。锁紧件230成形成安装在邻接凹口214a和214b内。锁紧件230由塑料、纤维加强的材料或者类似物来制成。粘合剂材料216用来把锁紧件230粘附到第一和第二元件202和206中的每一个上。如其它实施例一样,在使用锁紧件230的粘合剂接合的位置之间形成熔接或者固态焊接18。用于凹口214a和215b和锁紧件230的其它结构是可以的。
根据本发明来装配金属元件,有利于两个接合过程的结构冗余。包括加热如气体金属弧焊接、激光束焊接和摩擦搅动焊接在内的大部分焊接过程产生了焊接和热量影响区域,这些区域具有次于被接合起来的金属的性能的机械性能。借助使胶接与焊接相结合起来,胶接的强度可以补偿弱化的焊接区域。此外,胶接克服了一些焊接接合处如重叠穿过接合处的固有较短疲劳寿命。接合元件的装配更加能容忍损坏并且使裂缝的延伸量最小化。粘合剂或者粘合剂/密封剂隔开这些元件之间的界面,从而防止湿气移动,或者其它腐蚀材料在其它情况下触发加速的裂缝腐蚀攻击。一般地,使焊接的边缘与粘合剂材料隔开大约1-3mm是有利的。
本领域普通技术人员容易知道,在没有脱离公开在前述说明中的原理的情况下,可以对本发明进行一些改进。这些改进应该被认为落入下面的权利要求的范围内,除非这些权利要求借助它们的文字清楚地表明了其它情况。相应地,在这里详细描述过的特殊实施例只是解释性的而不是限制本发明范围,而本发明的范围产生了附加权利要求的整个宽度和它的一些及所有的等同替换。
Claims (22)
1.一种接合的金属元件的组件,它包括:
第一元件,它具有露出的表面和第一接合表面;
第二元件,它具有邻接所述第一接合表面的第二接合表面;
粘合剂材料,它设置在所述第一接合表面与所述第二接合表面之间;及
熔化焊接部或者固态焊接部,它从所述露出表面延伸到所述第二元件中。
2.如权利要求1所述的组件,其特征在于,所述第二接合表面限定接受所述粘合剂材料的凹口。
3.如权利要求2所述的组件,其特征在于,所述第一元件的露出表面限定一开口,该开口与所述凹口对准,用以把所述粘合剂材料输送到所述凹口中。
4.如权利要求1所述的组件,其特征在于,所述焊接部是熔焊部。
5.如权利要求1所述的组件,其特征在于,所述焊接部是固态焊接部。
6.如权利要求2所述的组件,其特征在于,所述凹口包围所述焊接部。
7.如权利要求6所述的组件,其特征在于,所述焊接部是细长的。
8.如权利要求1所述的组件,它包括若干所述焊接部,其中所述粘合剂材料设置在所述焊接部之间的位置。
9.如权利要求1所述的组件,其特征在于,所述焊接部与所述粘合剂材料隔开大约1-3mm。
10.如权利要求1所述的组件,其特征在于,所述粘合剂材料包括加强件。
11.如权利要求10所述的组件,其特征在于,所述加强件包括与所述第一和第二接合表面中的至少一个相接合的锁紧件。
12.如权利要求10所述的组件,其特征在于,所述加强件包括多个纤维或者一网。
13.如权利要求1所述的组件,其特征在于,所述粘合剂材料可以膨胀。
14.如权利要求1所述的组件,其特征在于,所述第一和第二元件是航空器机身的元件。
15.如权利要求14所述的组件,其特征在于,所述第一元件包括表面件,所述第二元件包括纵梁。
16.如权利要求1所述的组件,其特征在于,所述第一和第二元件是机动车的元件。
17.一种接合金属元件的方法,该方法包括下面这些步骤:
提供具有第一接合表面的第一元件;
提供具有第二接合表面的第二元件;及
以任何顺序,使第一接合表面和第二接合表面熔接或者固态焊接在一起;及在第一和第二接合表面之间沉积粘合剂材料。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,沉积粘合剂材料的所述步骤包括把粘合剂材料分配到在第二接合表面中所限定的凹口中。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,沉积粘合剂材料的所述步骤包括在焊接之前把由粘合剂材料的垫设置到凹口中。
20.如权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,沉积粘合剂材料的所述步骤包括通过在第一元件中所限定的开口来分配粘合剂材料,该开口与凹口相流体连通。
21.如权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,所述焊接步骤包括把第一接合表面熔接焊接到第二接合表面上。
22.如权利要求21所述的方法,其特征在于,所述焊接步骤包括把第一接合表面固态焊接到第二接合表面上。
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JPH09174249A (ja) * | 1995-12-26 | 1997-07-08 | Akane:Kk | 異種材料の接合方法 |
GB9713209D0 (en) * | 1997-06-20 | 1997-08-27 | British Aerospace | Friction welding metal components |
DE19844035C1 (de) * | 1998-09-25 | 1999-11-25 | Daimler Chrysler Aerospace | Schalenbauteil für ein Flugzeug und Verfahren zur Herstellung |
US6109506A (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2000-08-29 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Method of enhancing a joined metal assembly |
US6598923B2 (en) * | 2000-11-22 | 2003-07-29 | Alcoa Inc. | Joint structure and method for making a joint structure |
US6582539B2 (en) * | 2001-06-08 | 2003-06-24 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Method for making large composite structures without use of an autoclave |
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- 2003-08-29 US US10/652,404 patent/US7115324B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-08-30 WO PCT/US2004/028252 patent/WO2005021207A1/en active Search and Examination
- 2004-08-30 RU RU2006110031/02A patent/RU2351447C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-08-30 AU AU2004268143A patent/AU2004268143B8/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-08-30 ES ES04782684T patent/ES2391274T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-08-30 CA CA2537282A patent/CA2537282C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-08-30 KR KR1020067004204A patent/KR20060119902A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-08-30 EP EP04782684A patent/EP1660270B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-08-30 BR BRPI0413148-7A patent/BRPI0413148A/pt active Search and Examination
- 2004-08-30 MX MXPA06002306A patent/MXPA06002306A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2004-08-30 CN CNA2004800285053A patent/CN1859996A/zh active Pending
- 2004-08-30 JP JP2006524949A patent/JP2007504405A/ja active Pending
- 2004-08-30 NZ NZ545695A patent/NZ545695A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2006
- 2006-03-28 NO NO20061408A patent/NO20061408L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
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CN101323050B (zh) * | 2007-06-15 | 2013-07-03 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | 边缘弯曲连接结构体的制造方法 |
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CN102939466A (zh) * | 2010-04-29 | 2013-02-20 | 韩国生产技术研究院 | 具有用于形成密闭空间的混合接合结构的铜部件及其接合方法 |
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CN105555459B (zh) * | 2013-07-04 | 2019-06-11 | 福特全球技术公司 | 用于以非可拆解的方式连接部件或部件区域的方法及非可拆解连接 |
CN107923426A (zh) * | 2015-12-02 | 2018-04-17 | 宝马股份公司 | 用于制造组件的方法 |
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CN110461533A (zh) * | 2017-03-29 | 2019-11-15 | 日本皮拉工业株式会社 | 涂布基材 |
CN110461533B (zh) * | 2017-03-29 | 2022-01-18 | 日本皮拉工业株式会社 | 涂布基材 |
CN110496977A (zh) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-11-26 | 浙江郑氏刀剑有限公司 | 一种分体式刀具及其制备工艺 |
CN114346601A (zh) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-15 | 深圳市裕展精密科技有限公司 | 复合材料结构以及复合材料结构的加工方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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MXPA06002306A (es) | 2006-05-19 |
CA2537282C (en) | 2010-01-26 |
ES2391274T3 (es) | 2012-11-23 |
RU2006110031A (ru) | 2006-07-27 |
NZ545695A (en) | 2008-09-26 |
EP1660270A1 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
AU2004268143A1 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
JP2007504405A (ja) | 2007-03-01 |
AU2004268143B2 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
BRPI0413148A (pt) | 2006-10-03 |
WO2005021207A1 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
US7115324B1 (en) | 2006-10-03 |
NO20061408L (no) | 2006-03-28 |
EP1660270B1 (en) | 2012-07-18 |
AU2004268143B8 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
RU2351447C2 (ru) | 2009-04-10 |
CA2537282A1 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
KR20060119902A (ko) | 2006-11-24 |
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