CN1823876A - 柿叶提取物缓控释制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
柿叶提取物缓控释制剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种柿叶缓控释制剂。该制剂是将柿叶提取物和一种或多种骨架材料及其他辅料制成骨架型缓控释制剂,或将柿叶提取物先制成膜控型缓控释制剂。各组分的重量比为:柿叶提取物5~90%,辅料:10%~95%。本发明的柿叶缓控释制剂通过调节缓控释辅料的种类和用量,可获得理想的缓控释效果,从而克服柿叶提取物现有口服制剂给药频繁、血药浓度峰谷波动较大等现象,形成平稳持久的有效血药浓度,减少用药剂量与给药频率,提高药效和安全性,有利于疾病的治疗。该制剂重现性、可行性均较好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药技术领域,是一种可治疗心脑血管疾病的柿叶提取物的缓控释制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
心脑血管疾病是一种在老年人群的常见病、多发病,且病程较长,需长期服药,如果治疗不当或不及时,就有可能引起并发症而危害患者的的身心健康,甚至出现生命危险。而柿叶缓控释制剂正是针对这种临床需要进行研制的。柿叶提取物中含有黄酮类、鞣质、酚类、香豆素、有机酸、胡萝卜素、维生素C等多种化学成分并具有极为广泛的生理活性。其主要有效成分是黄酮,目前已发现的黄酮化合物有黄芪甙、异槲皮素、山奈酚3-o-β-D-葡萄糖苷、山奈酚、槲皮素、山奈酚3-o-α-L-鼠李糖苷、山奈酚3-β-D-木糖甙、山奈酚3-o-α-L-阿拉伯糖苷、槲皮素3-o-[2″-o-(3.4.5-三羟基苯甲酰)]-葡萄糖苷、芦丁、金丝桃苷、杨梅树皮苷、紫云英苷。现代药理研究表明柿叶提取物具有降血压、降血脂、降低胆固醇、抑菌、止血、活血化瘀、抑制癌瘤生长、防止神经功能退化等生理功能,可用于防治脑动脉硬化,冠心病心绞痛、缺血性脑血管病、老年性痴呆等。
目前市场上仅存在柿叶提取物的普通制剂—片剂,但普通制剂给药频繁,体内血药浓度波动大,患者顺应性差,尤其是对老年心血管病患者经常漏服,致使药物疗效受到影响,从而影响患者的恢复和治疗。
为了解决上述问题,特此进行了本发明,目的在于提供一种服用方便、作用周期长的药物释放系统,使其在较长的时间范围内,如12小时、24小时等,持续、稳定定量的释放药物,使患者每天只服用一次或早晚各服用一次,从而易于自我控制和记忆,提高药物疗效同时也极大的减轻了患者家属和护理人员的负担。
发明内容
提供了一种服用方便、作用周期长的柿叶提取物给药系统,药物在12~24小时内持续稳定的释放,达到缓释、控释、安全长效的目的,为患者提供更安全、有效、方便的药物治疗手段。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供制备柿叶缓控释制剂的方法。柿叶提取物缓控释制剂中,将柿叶提取物和一种或多种骨架材料经过压制或融合技术制成片状、小丸、颗粒或胶囊制剂,也包括将柿叶提取物先制成微囊、微球、微丸、小片或颗粒,再利用包衣成膜技术将其制成缓控释胶囊的制剂。每片或每粒胶囊中含柿叶提取物50~700mg。
柿叶提取物缓控释制剂包括柿叶提取物和辅料。各组分的重量比为:柿叶提取物5~90%,辅料:10~95%。其中柿叶提取物骨架型缓控释制剂辅料含有骨架材料,还可加入填充剂、崩解剂、粘合剂或润湿剂、润滑剂中的一种或一种以上组成的混合物。其在制剂中可能的用量为骨架材料0.5~65%,填充剂1~85%,崩解剂1~50%,粘合剂或润湿剂1~20%,润滑剂1~20%。
骨架材料可使用纤维素衍生物类,丙烯酸类树脂、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、酯类、脂肪醇类、脂肪酸类或腊类之一或一种以上的混合物。如羟丙基甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、卡波普、海藻酸钠、壳聚糖、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、丙烯酸树脂、硬脂酸、硬脂醇、氢化蓖麻油。
柿叶提取物膜控型缓控释制剂辅料含有包衣成膜材料、溶剂或分散介质,还可加入增塑剂、抗粘剂、致孔剂、消泡剂、抗静电剂、着色剂、避光剂中的一种或一种以上组成的混合物。以下物质在膜控型缓控释制剂中可能占有的重量比是:包衣成膜材料占包衣液总重的1~40%,包衣增重3~50%。溶剂或分散介质10~99%,增塑剂相当于包衣成膜材料重量的0~50%,抗粘剂相当于包衣成膜材料重量的0~100%,或为包衣液体积的0~5%。致孔剂相当于包衣成膜材料重量的0~50%。包衣成膜材料可使用丙烯酸树脂、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、硅酮弹性体、交联海藻酸盐、聚乙二醇类或纤维素类衍生物中的任意一种或两种以上组成的混合物。溶剂可使用异丙醇、丙酮、乙醇、二氯甲烷、水中的一种或两种。增塑剂可使用邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、葵二酸二丁酯、柠檬酸三乙酯、乙酰基柠檬酸三乙酯、聚乙二醇类、三甘油醋酸酯、蓖麻油这些物质中的一种或两种以上的混合物。抗粘剂可使用滑石粉、硬脂酸镁、二氧化硅或二氧化钛中的一种或两种。致孔剂可使用聚乙二醇类(PEG)、PVP、PVA、十二烷基硫酸钠、糖、盐类或水溶性的的成膜材料如HPMC、HPC或是不溶性的固体物质如滑石粉、硬脂酸镁、二氧化硅、二氧化钛这些物质中的一种或两种以上组成的混合物;还可以将一部分药物加在包衣液中作致孔剂。抗静电剂可使用十二烷基硫酸钠,消泡剂可使用二甲基硅油,避光剂可使用二氧化钛。
该柿叶缓控释制剂是一种可口服给药的剂型,包括片剂、胶囊、颗粒等各种剂型。为了更好地控制缓释速度,本发明的柿叶缓控释制剂有效成分可以包括速释部分和缓释部分。其中速释部分由柿叶提取物、羟丙基甲基纤维素、微晶纤维素组成;缓释部分由柿叶提取物、羟丙基甲基纤维素、丙烯酸树脂、微晶纤维素组成。
本发明所述的柿叶提取物骨架型缓控释制剂的制备方法为:将柿叶提取物、骨架型材料、填充剂粉碎后过筛,混合均匀,加入润湿剂制软材,过14~24目筛制粒,40~80℃干燥,12~18目筛整粒,干颗粒加入崩解剂、润滑剂混合均匀,制成颗粒、片剂或胶囊。
本发明的柿叶膜控型缓控释型缓控释制剂的制备方法为:将柿叶提取物与骨架材料或稀释剂等辅料混合制得颗粒、小丸、小片或微囊,直接用缓释型丙烯酸树脂的乙醇溶液或水分散体包衣即得。也可按剂量分为速释和缓释部分,速释部分用羟丙基甲基纤维素或胃溶型丙烯酸树脂包衣或直接备用;缓释组用PH敏感型丙烯酸树脂的有机溶剂或水分散体,采用流化床喷雾包衣技术制成不同包衣厚度和不同释药速率的药物,作为缓释部分,将速释部分与缓释部分按一定的比例混匀,包装或装入硬胶囊。本发明中制备微丸的方法为离心造粒法、挤出滚圆法、流化床制粒法等。以柿叶缓释微丸为例,将柿叶提取物粉碎后与1/3量的MCC混合均匀,过80目筛,置离心造粒机的供粉室中,取20~30目MCC空白丸芯300g于造粒锅中,以3%HPMC为粘合剂。主机转速150rpm,喷浆泵转速:12rpm,供粉速度:15rpm,喷气流量:20rpm,喷气压力:0.6Mpa,鼓风流量:20L/min,喷浆时间:1h,滚圆时间:3min,当微丸增至18~20目时,出锅后40℃烘干,以HPMC,Eudragit L100-55,L100/S100对微丸分别进行包衣,制备了3种包衣微丸并将其按一定比例混合均匀后装入胶囊,即得PH依赖型的中药缓释制剂。
本发明提供的柿叶缓控释制剂能克服服用普通制剂后出现的血药浓度峰、谷现象,可在同等给药量和时间间隔内维持平衡、持久的有效血药浓度,从而增加疗效;或维持同等药效时降低给药量,从而减少服用药物给患者带来的副作用。另外,本发明的柿叶缓控释制剂可使有效原料的加入量减少20~50%,因而可在降低成本的同时大幅度降低售价。
具体实施方式
实施例一 制备亲水凝胶骨架片
柿叶提取物 150g
羟丙基甲基纤维素 70g
乳糖 150g
淀粉 100g
共制成1000片
其生产工艺为:称取处方量的柿叶提取物、羟丙基甲基纤维素、乳糖、淀粉分别粉碎后过80目筛,采用等量递增法混合均匀,95%的乙醇为润湿剂制软材,过20目筛制粒,60℃干燥2小时,16目筛整粒,加入硬脂酸镁混匀,压片即得。也可直接将颗粒装入胶囊。
实施例二 制备亲水凝胶骨架双层片
速释部分:柿叶提取物 50g
淀粉 80g
乳糖 80g
缓释部分:柿叶提取物 100g
羟丙基甲基纤维素 80g
淀粉 80g
共制成1000片。
其生产工艺为:
(1)速释部分:称取处方量的柿叶提取物、乳糖分别过80目筛,等量递增法混合均匀,10%淀粉浆作粘合剂,过20目筛制粒,50℃ 2小时烘干,16目筛整粒,加入硬脂酸镁混匀。
(2)缓释部分:将羟丙基甲基纤维素、乳糖和柿叶提取物采用等量递增法混合均匀,95%乙醇为润湿剂制软材,过20目筛制粒,60℃干燥2小时,16目筛整粒,加入硬脂酸镁混匀。
(3)将速释部分与缓释部分按处方比例压成双层片,即得。也可直接将颗粒装入胶囊。
实施例三 制备不溶性凝胶骨架固体分散片
柿叶提取物: 150g
乙基纤维素: 250g
羟丙基甲基纤维素: 30g
淀粉: 30g
聚乙二醇: 15g
共制成1000片
其生产工艺为:(1)称取处方量的羟丙基甲基纤维素、淀粉分别粉碎后过80目筛混合均匀。
(2)称取处分方量的柿叶提取物与乙基纤维素溶解于50ml的95%乙醇中,密闭遮光静置数小时加入(1)中制软材,过20目筛制粒,的乙醇为润湿剂制软材,过20目筛制粒,60℃干燥2小时,16目筛整粒,加入硬脂酸镁混匀,压片即得。也可直接将颗粒装入胶囊。
实施例四 制备胃内漂浮片
柿叶提取物: 150g
羟丙基甲基纤维素(K15M): 60g
羟丙基甲基纤维素(K100M): 85g
乳糖: 170g
蜂蜡: 7g
硬脂酸镁: 7g
共制成1000片。
其生产工艺为:(1)称取处方量的柿叶提取物、羟丙基甲基纤维素、乳糖等分别粉碎后过80目筛,混合均匀。
(2)将(1)中粉末用95%乙醇制软材,过20目筛制粒,60℃干燥2小时,16目筛整粒,加入硬脂酸镁混匀,压片即得。
实施例五 制备微孔膜控释片
片芯处方柿叶提取物: 150g
聚乙烯醇: 50g
淀粉: 30g
10%淀粉浆: 40g
滑石粉: 15g
包衣液处方 醋酸纤维素: 8.5g
PEG 1500: 1.5g
聚山梨酯800: 0.5g
丙酮: 200ml
共制成1000片。
其制备工艺为:(1)称取处方量的柿叶提取物、聚乙烯醇、淀粉混合均匀,过80目筛,以10%淀粉浆为粘合剂制软材,过20目筛制粒,60℃干燥2小时,16目筛整粒,加入滑石粉混匀,压制片芯备用。
(2)将醋酸纤维素用丙酮溶解后,加入聚山梨酯800、含聚乙二醇1500的水2ml,搅拌均匀,作为包衣液。
(3)将片芯置流化床内,开动风机,调整风量至适当流化状态,控制床温,喷入控释膜包衣混悬液。包衣增重约15%。
实施例六 制备PH依赖型微丸缓释胶囊
丸芯处方柿叶提取物:150g
20~30目MCC: 250g
3%HPMC溶液: 400ml
包衣液处方1(每100ml用量)
HPMC: 8g
70%乙醇: 100ml
包衣液处方2(每100g用量)
Eudragit L100-55: 6g
PEG 6000: 0.6g
滑石粉: 2g
钛白粉\色锭: 1g
95%乙醇: 至100g
包衣液处方3(每100g用量)
Eudragit S100: 6g
PEG 6000: 0.6g
滑石粉: 2g
钛白粉\色锭: 1g
95%乙醇: 至100g
其制备工艺为:用离心造粒法制备18~24目微丸,对微丸分别用以上三种包衣液进行包衣,包衣增重分别为10%,20%,20%。40℃烘干后以一定比例混匀填装胶囊。
实施例七 制备微丸缓释胶囊
丸芯处方 柿叶提取物: 150g
20~30目MCC: 250g
3%HPMC溶液: 400ml
包衣液处方
Eudragit RS 30D: 300g
Eudragit RL 30D: 33g
柠檬酸三乙酯: 20g
滑石粉: 30g
消泡剂: 1.5g
水: 加至720g
其制备工艺为:用离心造粒法制备18~24目微丸,用流化床对微丸进行包衣,包衣增重10%,40℃烘干后填装胶囊。
实施例八 制备渗透泵型柿叶提取物缓释片
片芯处方
柿叶提取物: 300g
甘露醇 300g
聚环氧乙烷 60g
PVP 12g
乙醇 190ml
硬脂酸 15g
包衣液处方
醋酸纤维素(乙酰基值39.8%) 47.2g
醋酸纤维素(乙酰基值32%) 15.7g
HPC 22.5g
PEG3350 4.5g
二氯甲烷 1755ml
甲醇 735ml
其制备工艺:
片芯制备:将处方中柿叶提取物、聚环氧乙烷、甘露醇置混合器中,混合10min;将PVP溶于乙醇,缓慢加至上述混合组成中,搅拌20min,过10目筛制粒,于50℃干燥3h,经10目筛整粒后,加入硬脂酸镁混匀,压片。每片含柿叶提取物300mg。
包衣:用流化床包衣,喷液速度为11ml/min,压力0.15Mpa,片剂增重10%。50℃烘干3~6小时。在片剂一侧用激光打孔,孔径为0.265mm。
测定柿叶缓控释制剂的释放度
依照《中国药典》2005年版二部附录XD释放度测定法进行测定。
释放度测定条件:
PH依赖型制剂的溶出介质(900ml):0.1mol/l HCl,2小时后加磷酸钠调节PH至5.8,3小时后调节PH至6.2,再过3小时调节PH至7.5。
一般缓控释制剂的溶出介质:PH6.8磷酸盐缓冲液900ml
方法:转篮法
介质温度:37±0.5℃
转速:100r/min
取样时间:15min,0.5,1,2,3,3.5,4,6,9,12小时
测定方法:紫外可见分光光度法
测定柿叶缓控释制剂中黄酮的含量
含量测定方法:
色谱条件与系统适用性试验:用十八烷基键和硅胶为填充剂;甲醇-磷酸溶液(PH2.2~2.5)55∶45为流动相;检测波长为360nm。理论板数以槲皮素计应不低于3000。
对照品溶液的制备:精密称取槲皮素和山奈酚适量,均加甲醇制成浓度为30μg/ml的溶液,将两者混合均匀即得。
供试品溶液的制备:取柿叶缓控释颗粒、片剂、或胶囊内容物适量研细,精密称取相当于含总黄酮醇苷约10mg/g的药物细粉,置索氏提前器中,加氯仿100ml,回流2h,残渣挥干,加甲醇120ml,回流提取4h,提取液蒸干,加甲醇-25%HCl(4∶1)25ml,水浴回流30min,迅速冷却,移至50ml量瓶中,用甲醇定容,摇匀,即得。
测定法:分别精密吸取对照品与供试品溶液各10μl,注入液相色谱仪,即得。
含量计算方法:总黄酮醇苷的含量=槲皮素含量+山奈酚含量
Claims (11)
1、一种柿叶提取物缓控释制剂,其特征在于该制剂是将柿叶提取物和辅料组成,其中各组分的重量比为:柿叶提取物5~90%,辅料:10%~95%。
2、根据权利要求1所述的柿叶缓控释制剂,其特征在于将柿叶提取物和作为辅料的一种或多种骨架材料及其他辅料制成片状、小丸、颗粒或胶囊的骨架型缓控释制剂。
3、根据权利要求1所述的柿叶缓控释制剂,其特征在于将柿叶提取物制成颗粒、微丸、片剂、胶囊的膜控型缓控释制剂或渗透泵型缓控释制剂。
4、根据权利要求1或2所述的柿叶缓控释制剂,其特征在于骨架型缓控释制剂骨架材料重量占制剂重量的0.5%~65%,它可采用纤维素衍生物类、丙烯酸类树脂、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、酯类、脂肪醇类、脂肪酸类或腊类中的一种或一种以上组成的混合物。
5、根据权利要求2所述的柿叶缓控释制剂,其特征在于辅料还包括占制剂重量1~85%的填充剂。
6、根据权利要求1或3所述的柿叶缓控释制剂,其特征在于膜控型缓控释制剂的辅料包括包衣成膜材料、溶剂或分散介质,包衣成膜材料占包衣液总重的1~40%,包衣增重3~50%,包衣成膜材料可使用丙烯酸树脂类衍生物、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、硅酮弹性体、交联海藻酸盐、聚乙二醇类或纤维素类衍生物中的任意一种或一种以上组成的混合物。
7、根据权利要求3所述的柿叶缓、控释制剂,其特征在于辅料还可包括增塑剂、抗粘剂、致孔剂、消泡剂、抗静电剂、着色剂、避光剂中的一种或一种以上组成的混合物;增塑剂相当于包衣成膜材料重量的0~50%;抗粘剂相当于包衣成膜材料重量的0~100%;致孔剂相当于包衣成膜材料重量的0~50%。
8、根据权利要求1所述的柿叶缓控释制剂,其特征在于它是一种口服给药的剂型,可制成骨架型缓控释片、胃内漂浮型缓控释片、多层型缓控释片、蚀解型缓控释片、肠道定位型缓控释片、脉冲型缓控释片、渗透泵型缓控释片等片类、胶囊类、凝胶类或颗粒型类等缓控释剂型,也包括先制成微囊、微球、微丸、颗粒等再制成缓控释剂型的各种缓控释制剂。
9、权利要求2所述的柿叶提取物骨架型缓控释制剂的制备方法,包括:将柿叶提取物、骨架型材料、填充剂粉碎后过筛,混合均匀,加入润湿剂制软材,过14~24目筛制粒,40~80℃干燥,12~18目筛整粒,干颗粒加入崩解剂、润滑剂混合均匀,制成颗粒、片剂或胶囊。
10、权利要求3所述的柿叶膜控型缓控释制剂的制备方法,包括:将柿叶提取物与骨架材料或稀释剂等辅料混合制得颗粒、小丸、小片或微囊,直接用缓释型丙烯酸树脂的乙醇溶液或水分散体包衣即得。
11、权利要求3所述的柿叶膜控型缓控释制剂的制备方法,按剂量分为速释和缓释部分,速释部分用羟丙基甲基纤维素或胃溶型丙烯酸树脂包衣或直接备用;缓释部分用PH敏感型丙烯酸树脂的有机溶剂或水分散体,采用流化床喷雾包衣技术制成不同包衣厚度和不同释药速率的药物,;将速释部分与缓释部分按一定的比例混匀,包装或装入硬胶囊。
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