CN1789217A - Ecological bulk-blending fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ecological bulk-blending fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing tailor-made ecological BB fertilizer, comprising the following steps: (i) innocently treating the organic waste with biological organic fast corroding agent to make it converse to available organic matter; (ii) mixing the bacterial comprising laterosporin bacillus brevis of heat-resistant, saly-resistant, drought-resistant and strong stress with organic matter innocent treated for granulation, preparing organic biological granule with water content more than 8%; (iii) measuring every soil sample to determine the proportion of needed inorganic nutrient and organic biological granule; (iv) mixing the organic biological granule with inorganic nutrient according to determined proportion. The invention also provides the tailor-made ecological BB fertilizer prepared with above method comprising organic matter, bacterial comprising laterosporin bacillus brevis and inorganic nutrient, the said organic matter content is above 25 weight %; the said viable bacteria number is above 20 million per g; the inorganic nutrient content is above 18 weight %, and the proportion can be adjusted according to the different need of soil and plant.
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of soil preparation fertilizer and fertilizer of preparing by this method surveyed, more particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of traditional Chinese medical science formula that adopts and grab the prescription formula is prepared organic and inorganic, the biological triplicity of customization at the personal characteristics of different soils, Different Crop, different growing stages ecological BB fertilizer (Blending Bulk fertilizer, claim that again prescription is fertile) method and by using the ecological BB fertilizer of customization, reach soil, environment, crop quality safety, health.
Background technology
China is first big country of world Fertilizer production and consumption, though use the output that chemical fertilizer has improved crop for a long time in a large number, use that Soil degradation, crop quality due to the chemical fertilizer descends, groundwater pollution also causes the extensive concern of society, government, scientific research, enterprise day by day.
Crop is different to the nutrient demand amount under the situation of different sorts, different growing stages.The essential nutrient content of crop such as nitrogen phosphorus potassium in the soil of China, and each department such as soil acidity or alkalinity are widely different.Therefore, aspect fertilizing method, agricultural experts vigorously advocate the method for applying fertilizers scientifically, promotion is according to content of elements in macroelement such as nitrogen phosphorus potassium in the soil and the soil, apply fertilizer according to the kind of crop varieties and growth demand again, reach the balance of needed nutrient and feed rate in the plant growth.Can satisfy the demand of crop so on the one hand, can not cause the unnecessary waste that causes because of fertilising blindly on the other hand and the pollution of environment to nutritive element.
Aspect fertilizer type, people also no longer are confined to use chemical fertilizer, and the novel ecological fertilizer that the emphasis exploitation is organic and inorganic more, microorganism combines, in the hope of reducing the chemical fertilizer usage quantity, improve chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, crop alimentary quality deterioration problem due to the solution life-time service chemical fertilizer, and solve soil compaction, recover the balance and the function on border, soil micro-ecosystem district.Between organic matter, inorganic nutrients, microorganism and the plant confidential relation is arranged.Beneficial microorganism is the major impetus of material cycle in the soil, plays a part not replace in the element circulation, is keeping balance of ecosystem.The biosynthesizing of plant and microorganism is converted into organic substance with inorganic nutritive element, and storage power.They carry out Decomposition in synthesis of organic substance matter, by respiratory metabolism, a mineralising part is organic, discharges CO
2The great number of organic matters decomposition is finished by saprophytic microbe, and their vital movement can make complicated organic matter progressively degrade, and finally becomes CO
2, simultaneously mineral element is discharged, finish the biological cycle of element.
Organic and inorganic and " three-in-one " bio-fertilizer in the market is as in: No. 1, U.S., Japanese EM, A Musi, Fei Shite, steady the high fertilizer, " core bacterial classification " be difficult at present to reach " three-in-one " fertilizer in conjunction with in the high salinity, heatproof, drought-enduring manufacturing processed and the commercial prod that bring deposit standard-required (seeing Table 1).Though used the bacillus laterosporus of salt tolerant, high temperature resistant, drought-enduring, strong stress resistance among the U.S. MI, the production cost height.Product structure is single in addition, can only use specific prescription to make the fertilizer of several Different Nutrients.Be not suitable for soil testing and fertilizer recommendation.
Table 1. is external existing ecological fertile
| Fertile type | Bacterial strain | The bacterial classification characteristics | Functional characteristics | Working condition |
| U.S. MI | Bacillus laterosporus | Salt tolerant, high temperature resistant, drought-enduring, strong stress resistance | Secretion extracellular enzyme, hormone, chitinase | Meet the industrialized production needs, the production cost height, product structure is original single. |
| No. 1, the U.S. | Not clear | Non-genus bacillus, the mechanism of action is not clear | The certain loosing soil ability of tool | Need not in full conformity with industrialized production heatproof, salt tolerant, liquid. |
| Japan EM | Not clear | Non-genus bacillus, the mechanism of action is not clear | Because the not clear very difficult concrete effect of determining of flora composition | Need the cost height not in full conformity with industrialized production heatproof, salt tolerant. |
| A Musi | Vinelandii | Salt tolerant is high temperature resistant, and drought-enduring resistance is relatively poor.Can in 12% following salinity, survive, can survive under 45～50 ℃ of temperature, product water ratio 20～30% is survived half a year. | Tool nitrogen fixing capacity etc. | Need not in full conformity with industrialized production heatproof, salt tolerant. |
| Fertile scholar spy | Vinelandii | Salt tolerant is high temperature resistant, and drought-enduring resistance is relatively poor.Can in 12% following salinity, survive, can survive under 45～50 ℃ of temperature, product water ratio 20～30% is survived half a year. | Tool nitrogen fixing capacity etc. | Need not in full conformity with industrialized production heatproof, salt tolerant. |
| Highly steady | The fixing nitrogen, dissolving phosphor and dissolving potassium bacterium | Salt tolerant is high temperature resistant, and drought-enduring resistance is relatively poor.Can in 12% following salinity, survive, can survive under 45～50 ℃ of temperature, product water ratio 20～30% is survived half a year. | Tool nitrogen-fixating and P and K decomposing functions etc. | Need not in full conformity with industrialized production heatproof, salt tolerant. |
The applicant obtains customizing multi-functional bacterium through screening, be side spore bacillus brevis (Brevibacilluslaterosporus) STP-B.lat, and being deposited in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms common micro-organisms center (CGMCC) on March 23rd, 2004, deposit number is CGMCC No.1119.Referring to the application number of submitting on May 18th, 2004 is that 200410042433.X, exercise question are the Chinese patent application of " a kind of side spore bacillus brevis, its fermenting process and application ", and its whole content is incorporated this paper by reference into.Described side spore bacillus brevis is one of multi-functional bacterial strain of being worth of at present in the world tool exploitation, very strong short life, secretion extracellular enzyme, tethelin, mitogen is arranged and resolve effect of trace elements in the soil.Secrete chitinase simultaneously in addition, split controlling harmful fungi, the function of line eggs wall.This bacterial strain is heat-resisting, salt tolerant, drought-enduring and strong stress resistance, inorganic nutrients, organic matter can be melted chelating altogether.
Still do not use side spore bacillus brevis in the prior art that the applicant understood, and and the notion that applies fertilizers scientifically combine, at the personal characteristics of different soils, Different Crop, different growing stages prepare thousands of hundreds of nutrient content different, comprise organic matter, microorganism and inorganic nutrients special-purpose fertile.The present invention designs at this purpose.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the method that use traditional Chinese medical science formula is grabbed the prescription formula, customized ecological BB fertilizer based on plant soil nutrition, physicochemical property, ecological functions, preparation, this method comprises the steps: that (i) carries out harmless treatment with biological organic fast rotten agent to organic waste, makes it to change into the organic matter that can be utilized; (ii) will comprise the microbial inoculum of side spore bacillus brevis of heat-resisting, salt tolerant, drought-enduring, strong stress resistance and the organic mixing granulation of harmless treatment, make the organic-biological particle of water content≤8%; (iii) pedotheque is measured, determined required each inorganic nutrients and organic-biological proportion of particles; (iv) with organic-biological particle and each inorganic nutrients according to determining good mixed.In one embodiment of the invention, being used to prepare the organic waste that customizes ecological BB fertilizer is through harmless treatment, as shown in Figure 1.Carry out the used biological organic fast rotten agent of harmless treatment and comprise cellulolytic strain excellent, be selected from least a (seeing table 2 for details) in Amur genus bacillus, pantothenic acid genus bacillus, bacstearothermophilus, Pasteur genus bacillus and the spherical bacillus.In a preferred embodiment, select the biological organic fast rotten agent of customization (purchasing the living peaceful biotechnology of word company limited) for use.After organic carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted into 25: 1, fully puddle evenly with microbial inoculum and 1: 200 ratio of material.Anaerobism or half anaerobically fermenting through 15-20 days become thoroughly decomposed, and kill the harmful bacterium in the organism.
Watch 2. is used for the bacterial strain of biological fast rotten agent
| The bacterium name | Principal character | |
| Form | Physiology | |
| Amur genus bacillus (Bacillus schlegelii) | Gram-negative is shaft-like, living ellipse and the circular gemma of expanding of product end; Bacterium colony is rounded, smooth, translucent, light red orange. | V-P, gelatin, 7%NaCl and starch are all negative; To the inactive wood sugar that removes of sugar; NO 3Reduction is positive; 55 ℃ of growths. |
| Pantothenic acid genus bacillus (Bacillus pantothenticus) | Gram-positive is shaft-like, the living circular gemma that expands is held in the product Asia; Bacterium colony is rounded, white, wavy, translucent. | V-P, 7%NaCl are all negative; Gelatin, starch, NO 3Reduction is positive; Wood sugar, glucose are produced acid and pectinose and N.F,USP MANNITOL are not produced acid. |
| Bacstearothermophilus (Bacillus sterothermophilus) | Gram-negative is shaft-like, the inferior end of product is given birth in the Asia and given birth to, expands slightly the ellipse gemma; Bacterium colony is smooth, irregular, opaque. | V-P, gelatin, 7%NaCl and starch are all negative; NO 3Reduction is positive; Glucose, wood sugar, pectinose and N.F,USP MANNITOL are all produced acid.70 ℃ of growths. |
| Pasteur genus bacillus (Bacillus pasteurii) | Gram-negative is shaft-like, product is held the living circular gemma that expands; Bacterium colony is rounded, opaque. | V-P, 7%NaCl and starch are all negative; Inactive to sugar, except that wood sugar; NO 3Reduction, gelatin feminine gender. |
| Spherical bacillus (Bacillus spaericus) | Gram-negative is shaft-like, product is held the living circular gemma that expands; Bacterium colony is rounded, smooth, opaque. | |
In one embodiment of the invention, that the microbial inoculum that is used to prepare the ecological BB fertilizer of customization among the present invention comprises is heat-resisting, salt tolerant, the multi-functional bacterium of customization drought-enduring, strong stress resistance, i.e. side spore bacillus brevis (Brevibacillus laterosporus) STP-B.lat.It is deposited in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms common micro-organisms center (CGMCC) on March 23rd, 2004, and deposit number is CGMCC No.1119.General bacterium has only behind individual death, cell wall breaking could discharge intravital enzyme, and customize biological multi-functional bacterium in its vital movement process, can secrete various extracellular enzymes as: proteolytic enzyme, amylase, carbon are separated enzyme, lipase etc.But customize biological multi-functional microbial inoculum failure line worm's ovum wall construction, stop the hatching of line eggs also finally to be decomposed.Impel crop to have obvious cold tolerance.Customize multi-functional bacterium and have stronger resistance, can satisfy the requirement of suitability for industrialized production, granulation, under the condition of high temperature low water content, still can keep the active function of bacterial classification.
Above-mentioned microbial inoculum is produced under strict purification condition.Its production process comprises the steps: to make bacillus laterosporus through aseptic pharmaceutical manufacturing line fermentation, then tunning is carried out spraying drying, promptly gets water ratio and is no more than 8% high-content bacterium powder.Product is a powdery, and side spore bacillus brevis content easily transports and preserves more than or equal to 5,000,000,000/gram.
In one embodiment of the invention, the microbial inoculum of the side spore bacillus brevis of heat-resisting with comprising, anti-high salt, strong stress resistance adds in organic matter that become thoroughly decomposed, harmless treatment, through 70 ℃ of-180 ℃ of pyritous granulation drying production process, produce water ratio and be no more than 8% organic-biological particle, staging life, be no less than 1 year.
In one embodiment of the invention, soil testing comprises moisture determination, soil pH mensuration, soil ammonia-state nitrogen mensuration, soil quick-effective phosphor mensuration, soil available potassium mensuration, soil organism mensuration, soil microorganisms quantitative measurement and the humus content of the soil mensuration.
The mensuration of soil moisture: soil water content is one of important character of soil.Soil water content what, can directly influence growing way and the tillage and cultivation measure of farm crop, and provide foundation for the in good time row of filling.Soil water content is measured and can be adopted method as known in the art to carry out, and for example is suitable for the soil water content measuring method that use in the field---alcohol burning rapid method.
The mensuration of soil pH value: the soil ph reaction is one of important attribute of soil.It influences existence, conversion and the validity of soil nutrient, and growth and development of plant is had a direct impact.The general pH value is an acid soil less than 5.5, and 5.5-6.5 is a subacidity soil, and 6.5-7.5 is a neutral soil, and 7.5-8.5 is a slight alkalinity soil, is strong basicity soil greater than 8.5.The mensuration of soil pH value can adopt method as known in the art to carry out, and for example is suitable for measuring method---the mixture indicator colorimetry of the soil pH value of field use.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, use DSD tacheometer (Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences's development) to finish to soil ammonium, available potassium, rapid available phosphorus and organic mensuration.
Use the mensuration of DSD tacheometer to soil ammonium: nitrogen is that plant needs one of more essential element, is the ammonium nitrogen that exchangeability ammonium state exists in soil, can directly be absorbed by plant, and it is the quick-acting nitrogen.Usually content is the 30-40 mg/kg in the soil, and high reaches more than the 60-80 mg/kg, and generally below 40 mg/kg, field of vegetables is usually more than 40 mg/kg for grainfield.
Use the mensuration of DSD tacheometer to the soil available potassium: the soil available potassium is the potassium that crop directly absorbs, and whether the height of agriculture production Chang Yiqi content is as using potash fertilizer to reach the foundation of determining the potash fertilizer usage quantity.Generally speaking, the soil quick-acting potassium content is the 25-420 mg/kg.
Use the mensuration of DSD tacheometer to soil quick-effective phosphor: the rapid available phosphorus in the soil is meant the phosphorus that can be absorbed by this season crop.The validity of phosphorus is meant that the phosphorus that exists in the soil can be the degree of plant absorbing utilization in the soil.Understand available phosphorus supply situation in the soil, direct directive significance is arranged for fertilising.China's soil available phosphorus content is generally the 1-100 mg/kg.
Use the mensuration of DSD tacheometer to the soil organism: the soil organism is being represented the potential ability and the stability of fertilizer provision from soil, comprise the various plant and animal residuess that are in the death of different decomposition stage, it is the various nutritive elements important source of nitrogen, phosphorus particularly in the soil, the humic acid class material that contains the stimulating plant growth, it is the energy substance of heterotroph microorganism in the soil, being again the important factor that forms Soil structure, is one of important indicator of soil fertility height.The fertilizer provision from soil potentiality that organic content is high are big, strong stress resistance.Soil organic matter content with exist form to depend on factors such as weather, matrix, biological residual body, landform, time.These factor differences, organic content is widely different, and the general soil organic matter is between 0.5-3.0 weight %, and Gao Zheke reaches more than the 7 weight %, low less than 1 weight %.
The mensuration of microbe population in the soil: use colony counting method as known in the art or blood cell plate counting process to measure.
The mensuration of humus content in the soil: potassium bichromate as known in the art-sulfuric acid oxidation method is a preferable methods, and this method steps is simple, mensuration is rapid, the accuracy height.
The nutrient requirement of last different growth phases according to soil data of gathering on the spot and various farm crop is used to survey soil and joins the inorganic nutrients amount that fertile science formula calculates required interpolation according to following, carries out proportioning on the spot and is mixed into the ecological BB fertilizer of customization.
In one embodiment of the invention, build the native fertilizer mixing station of survey,, survey soil by crops doctor, agriculture technical staff and join fertilizer, as shown in Figure 2 with the pattern of store in front of workshop in the fertilizer point of sales station.Test is simple, economical and quick.Just can finish a special-purpose fertile program of test preparation generally speaking in 10～20 minutes.
The present invention also provides according to the ecological BB fertilizer of the customization aforesaid method preparation, that comprise organic matter, multi-functional microbial inoculum and each inorganic nutrients composition.Wherein said multi-functional microbial inoculum comprises the side spore bacillus brevis of heat-resisting, anti-high salt, strong stress resistance, and wherein organic matter, microorganism and inorganic nutrients to the effect standard of plant, soil are:
1) organic matter: the organic content that customizes ecological BB fertilizer can satisfy every batch of all kinds of crop to the demand of soil organic nutrient and the needs of microbial reproduction more than 25 weight %.
2) useful short living bacterium: customize the fertile contained useful viable count of ecological BB and be every gram more than 2,000 ten thousand, can make probiotics in soil, bring into play parsing, mobilizing function by competitive inhibitory effect.
3) inorganic nutrients: the inorganic nutrients content that customizes ecological BB fertilizer is more than 18 weight %, and according to the difference of soil and crop demand and flexible proportioning.Can protect product, volume increase and improve crop quality.
Further specify all respects of the present invention and beneficial effect below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment.The description of embodiment is just illustrative, and protection scope of the present invention is not imposed any restrictions.Those skilled in the art can carry out various changes to the present invention under the condition that does not deviate from the spirit and scope of the invention, described these are changed and obviously also belonged to protection scope of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Figure 1 shows that the schema of producing the ecological BB fertilizer of customization among the present invention.
Figure 2 shows that surveying soil among the present invention joins fertile synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
The preparation of the ecological BB fertilizer of embodiment 1. customizations
1. You Jizhi harmless treatment
By 1: 30 mixed converting of carbon-nitrogen ratio, material is moisture will to insert the biological fast rotten agent 5 ‰ of customization and stack 60% with a large amount of depleted cornstalks, rice straw, straw (chopping), feces of livestock and poultry in the rural area.2-3 days stinks are all eliminated flora and are multiplied fast, and temperature can rise to 60-70 ℃, keep 10-15 days.Process thermophilic fermentations such as the pathogenic bacteria of waste, intestinal bacteria, roundworm egg, liver viroid, Salmonella spirobacteria (cholera bacteria), avian influenza virus all are killed.Eliminate the toxic compounds of organophosphorus, pesticide residue and gasification simultaneously.
Can be through the organic matter after the harmless biological processing directly as organic fertilizer application.Make full nitrogen increase by 34% in the soil, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen increases by 44%, and rapid available phosphorus increases by 186%, and available potassium increases by 76%.Improve the soil enzyme activities of soil organic matter mineralising simultaneously, soil is developed towards the benign cycle direction, thereby promote growing of crop health.The organic matter (comprising fertilizer) through biological fast rotten agent fermentation harmless treatment does not contain harmful bacterium up to 60-70%, simultaneously because the pollution of technical chemistry article: mercury, lead, chromium, cadmium, nickel, copper, arsenic, fluorine etc.The volatilization obnoxious flavour has: NH
3, H
2S, amine etc., its stink will be multiplied.
Organic matter after the harmless treatment is the important leverage (mainly referring to eliminate the influence of harmful bacterium to probiotics) of making biological organic granular.
2. the organic-biological particulate is made
Use the organic matter of harmless treatment and the bacterium powder of side spore bacillus brevis to carry out granulation.Wherein the concrete composition of side spore bacillus brevis bacterium powder and preparation method submit on May 18th, 2004 referring to the applicant, application number is the Chinese patent application of 200410042433.X, its whole content is incorporated this paper by reference into.Powder raw material and the described bacterium powder got after organic matter after the harmless treatment crushed and screened more than 80 orders are puddled the top rotary table granulation of even back.Add 110 jin of/ton material of water, roll into the rounded grain of diameter 1.5-2.5mm.In order to form the spherical Attapulgite tackiness agent that adds.Particle after the granulation is directly sent drying roller to, 180 ℃ of inlet temperatures, 52 ℃ of temperature outs.Drying time was at 10-11 minute.And then entering cooling, air duct is air-dry rolls off the production line, and the packing bag of packing into gets final product.
In the fertile manufacturing processed of ecological BB, when organic and multi-functional bacterium powder is puddled,, puddle inequality easily, need do twice amplification and puddle because multi-functional bacterium powder addition only is 3-4 ‰.Got final product at 1: 10 for the second time in 1: 100 for the first time.
Other microorganism do not accomplish 180 ℃ of inlet temperatures and reaches 10-11 minute 50-80 ℃ hyperthermia drying, can be by the big production of this technology and customize the fertile used bacterial classification of ecological BB.Product can be preserved more than 1 year.
3. survey soil and join fertilizer
Conventional chemical fertilizer, compound fertilizer, using of bio-fertilizer are to continue to use the fertile method of traditional concept.Adopt village of method, the fertilizer application amount that the township is roughly unified of empirical estimating by the rural area custom.Survey soil, the fertile mode of back configure dedicated earlier and customize fertile employing of ecological BB.
At first, survey local product presented as a gift with DSD the each household soil is carried out storage survey inspection.Obtain the data of pH in soil, organic matter, soil ammonium, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium.Determine to join fertile amount according to following method.
Soil fertility subregion (level) method
Just be divided into some grades by soil fertility, or mark the field sheet of a fertility equalization, as a recipe field, utilize soil survey information in the past and field test achievement in the past, in conjunction with the masses' practical experience, estimate fertilizer type and amount of application thereof relatively more suitable in this recipe field.
The advantage of soil fertility subregion (level) method of completing the square is pointed strong, and the consumption of proposition and measure are near local experience, and the masses are easy to accept, and the resistance ratios of popularization is less.But its shortcoming is sex-limited at sectional center, and it is more to depend on experience, is applicable to that production level difference is little, the area of foundation is weak.In the implementation process, must progressively enlarge the proportion of science means of testing and guidance in conjunction with experiment and demonstration.
The target output method of completing the square
According to the soil nutrient feed rate, and the required fertilizer nutrient amount of crop yield that plan is obtained is calculated fertilizer amount.Be divided into nutrient balance and soil fertility difference and subtract two kinds of methods:
(a) balance-dividing method:
Calculate the fertilizer provision from soil amount with soil nutrien measuring value, rate of fertilizer application can be calculated (kilogram/mu) by following formula:
Wherein: crop absorbs amount of nutrients=target output * crop unit output nutrition absorption amount
Soil keeping amount: soil nutrien measuring value * 0.15
In the following formula parameters should according to various places for many years test-results be according to being determined, could relatively gear to actual circumstances, both avoided blindly applying fertilizer, can make crop obtain competent nutrient supply again, to reach the purpose of fertilization compositions based on earth measurement.Determining of parameter:
● target output: be to determine according to the overall target of soil fertility.Often based on the mean yield of local the first three years crop, the output that increases 5-15% is as target output on the experience.
● crop unit output nutrition absorption amount: crop is in the life cycle of finishing from the seed to the seed, need to absorb a certain amount of nutrient, to constitute own complete tissue, by chemical analysis to normal sophisticated crop complete stool nutrient, just can obtain this data, table 3 is that common crop forms nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium amount that unit output absorbed.
● soil keeping amount: the readily available nutrient of soil value (unit: mg/kg) that promptly utilizes tacheometer and farmingization measuring technology to obtain, multiply by every mu of native reduction factor 0.15 of table, be every mu and contain how many kilograms of nutrient, reflected the available nutrient content that this season in the soil can be absorbed by crop to a certain extent.
● the nutrient content of fertilizer: i.e. pure nutrient content in the chemical fertilizer finished product, common chemical fertilizer nutrient content sees Table 4.
● fertilizer utilization ratio: promptly behind the incorporation of fertilizerin the soil, can be absorbed the per-cent (seeing Table two) of part by this season crop.The factor that influences utilization rate of fertilizer is a lot, as kind, soil fertility, fertilizing time, method and the weather condition etc. of crop, fertilizer, often makes utilization rate of fertilizer big luffing occur.
Table 3, hundred kilograms of output of staple crop absorb the npk nutrient amount
| Crop | Nitrogen (N) | Phosphorus (P 2O 5) | Potassium (K 2O) | Crop | Nitrogen (N) | Phosphorus (P 2O 5) | Potassium (K 2O) |
| Winter wheat | 3.00 | 1.25 | 2.50 | Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae | 0.41 | 0.05 | 0.38 |
| Spring wheat | 3.00 | 1.00 | 2.50 | Radix Dauci Sativae | 0.31 | 0.10 | 0.50 |
| Barley | 2.70 | 0.90 | 2.20 | Eggplant | 0.33 | 0.10 | 0.51 |
| Support wheat | 3.30 | 1.60 | 4.30 | Tomato | 0.45 | 0.15 | 0.52 |
| Corn | 2.68 | 1.13 | 2.36 | Cucumber | 0.40 | 0.35 | 0.55 |
| Rape | 5.80 | 2.50 | 4.30 | Radish | 0.60 | 0.31 | 0.50 |
| Millet | 2.50 | 1.25 | 1.75 | Onion | 0.27 | 0.12 | 0.23 |
| Chinese sorghum | 2.60 | 1.30 | 3.00 | Celery | 0.16 | 0.08 | 0.52 |
| Paddy rice | 2.10 | 1.25 | 3.13 | Spinach | 0.36 | 0.18 | 0.52 |
| Cotton | 5.00 | 1.80 | 4.00 | Sugarcane | 0.19 | 0.07 | 0.30 |
| Tobacco | 4.10 | 1.00 | 6.00 | Shallot | 0.30 | 0.12 | 0.40 |
| Sesame | 8.23 | 2.07 | 4.41 | Apple | 0.30 | 0.08 | 0.32 |
| Peanut | 6.80 | 1.30 | 3.80 | Pears | 0.47 | 0.23 | 0.48 |
| Soybean | 7.20 | 1.80 | 4.00 | Persimmon | 0.54 | 0.14 | 0.59 |
| Sweet potato | 0.35 | 0.18 | 0.55 | Peach | 0.45 | 0.25 | 0.70 |
| Potato | 0.50 | 0.20 | 1.06 | Grape | 0.55 | 0.32 | 0.78 |
| Beet | 0.40 | 0.15 | 0.60 | Watermelon | 0.252 | 0.081 | 0.286 |
Annotate: leguminous crops such as soybean, peanut are mainly by the nitrogen in the root nodule bacterium fixed air, and the nitrogen of drawing from soil only accounts for about 1/3; Piece root, stem tuber are fresh weight, and seed is an air dry weight.
Table 4, fertilizer main component, character, nutrient content and utilization ratio reference data table then
| Fertilizer | Nitrogen (N) | Phosphorus (P 2O 5) | Potassium (K 2O) | Character and use | Utilization ratio (%) |
| Pig horse barnyard manure | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.6 | Effect, slight alkalinity are made base manure late | 20-30 |
| Pedosphere fertilizer | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.7 | Effect, slight alkalinity are made base manure late | 10-20 |
| Compost | 0.4-0.5 | 0.2 | 0.6 | Effect, slight alkalinity are made base manure late | 20-30 |
| People's muck | 0.6-0.8 | 0.3 | 0.25 | Quick-acting, slight alkalinity is made base manure | 30-40 |
| Sheepfold fertilizer | 0.83 | 0.23 | 0.67 | Effect, slight alkalinity are made base manure late | 20-30 |
| A heatable brick bed fertilizer | 0.1-0.4 | 0.1-0.2 | 0.3-0.8 | Quick-acting, slight alkalinity is topdressed | 20-30 |
| Bright clover | 0.72 | 0.16 | 0.45 | Late effect, subacidity, bury and make base manure | 20-30 |
| Bright false indigo | 1.3 | 3.0 | 0.75 | Late effect, subacidity, plough under soil and make base manure | 20-30 |
| Bright black soya bean | 1.8 | 0.27 | 2.3 | Late effect, subacidity, plough under soil and make base manure | 20-30 |
| Bud green beans | 1.5 | 0.23 | 2.5 | Late effect, subacidity, plough under soil and make base manure | 20-30 |
| Urea | 46 | Quick-acting, neutral, base topdresses | 50 | ||
| Calcium superphosphate | 14-16 | Quick-acting, acid, basic, plant, topdress | 20-30 | ||
| Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate | 9-10 | Slow effect, base manure | 15-20 | ||
| Diammonium phosphate | 18 | 46 | Quick-acting, weakly alkaline, base, chase after, seed manure | 30 | |
| Repone K | 50-60 | Acidity, base, seed manure, avoid and be used for tobacco | 40-50 | ||
| Ammonium sulfate | 20-21 | Acid, quick-acting, basic, plant, topdress | 60 | ||
| Ammonium nitrate | 34 | Neutral, quick-acting, plant, topdress | 60 | ||
| Bicarbonate of ammonia | 17 | Quick-acting, alkaline, topdress, the paddy field is unsuitable | 40 | ||
| Plant ash | 0.93-1.04 | 2.24-6.41 | Quick-acting, alkaline, base manure, topdress | 30-40 |
(b) dissimilar subtraction method of soil fertility
The output of crop gained under the situation of not executing any fertilizer claims blank real estate amount, and the nutrient that it absorbed is all taken from soil.Deducting blank real estate amount from target output, just should be the output of fertilising gained.Calculate fertilizer requirement by following formula:
The advantage of this method is not need to carry out the soil nutrient test, has avoided the shortcoming of nutrient balance method.But blank real estate amount can not obtain in advance, has brought difficulty to popularization.Simultaneously, blank real estate amount is the concentrated expression that constitutes the output factors, can't represent the rich scarce situation of some nutritive elements, can only calculate fertilizer requirement with the crop absorbed dose.When soil fertility more height, when crop is healed greatly (being that the crop suction is many more from the nutrient of soil) to the dependence rate of soil, need be just few more by the nutrient of fertilizer supply, may occur exploiting the situation of soil fertility and can not in time discovering, in addition, fertilizer amount is many at present, and the fertilizer consumption is less, just more should note the shortage of trace element.
The fertilizer response function method
By simple contrast, or use test design such as quadrature, recurrence, carry out the multiple spot field test, thereby select optimum processing, determine the amount of application of fertilizer, mainly contain following three kinds of methods:
(a) factor quadrature, Fertilizer Test of Regression Design method
This method generally adopts single factor or two factor multilevel test to be designed to the basis, and the output that different treatment obtains is carried out quantity statistics, tries to achieve the funtcional relationship (being the fertilizer response equation formula) between output and the rate of fertilizer application.According to equation, not only can visually see different first fertilizers yield increasing effect with and the connection of compounding application answer effect, but also can calculate economic amount of application (optimum fertilizing amount), the fertilising upper limit and fertilising lower limit respectively, can be used as the foundation of suggestion rate of fertilizer application.
The advantage of this method is to react the net effect that influences the fertilizer efficiency factors objectively, the tolerance range height, and feedback is good.Shortcoming is to have sectional center sex-limited, need arrange the multiple spot test on Different Soil, and the data in different years of accumulation is time-consuming longer.
(b) divide rich scarce index method
Utilize soil nutrien measuring value and crop to absorb the dependency that exists between the soil nutrient, Different Crop by field test, with certain differential grading, is made that nutrient is rich to be lacked and answer fertilise quantity key to the soil test value.Obtain soil nutrien measuring value, but just the cross reference table is pressed the definite rate of fertilizer of level.
The advantage of this method is that intuition is strong, and is fixed fertile simple and convenient.Shortcoming is that tolerance range is relatively poor, because the difference of soil physico-chemical property, the measured value and the dependency between the output of Soil Nitrogen are very poor, generally only is used for the fertilizer of deciding of phosphorus, potassium and trace element fertilizer.
(c) nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium scaling method
By a kind of nutrient quantitatively, decide the fertilizer amount of other nutrient then by the proportionlity between the various nutrients, for example, decide phosphorus, decide potassium with nitrogen, decide nitrogen etc. with phosphorus.
The advantage of this method is to have reduced workload, is understood by the masses easily.Shortcoming is crop to the ratio of nutrition absorption and answers ratio difference between the fertilise nutrient, differs in the use and reflect the truth of nutritional deficiency surely.Because the supply intensity difference of each nutrient of soil, therefore, the fertilizer requirement of nutrient has just remedied the deficiency of soil as a supplement.So, when carrying out this certain fertile method, must carry out field test in advance, different soils condition and Different Crop are correspondingly made fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium ratio that accords with objective requirement.
Three class methods of rational application of fertilizers can complement each other, and are not mutually exclusive.When forming a concrete rational application of fertilizers scheme, can a kind of method be main,, cooperate utilization with reference to other method.The benefit of doing like this is: can absorb the advantage of each method, eliminate or reduce the shortcoming of existence, determine more realistic fertilizer amount at antenatal energy.
According to above three kinds of methods, when customizing ecological BB fertilizer and joining fertilizer, importantly with organic, biological, inorganic compatible unification through surveying soil.Fundamental principle is:
I. organic to controlling the grasp of loss of chemical fertilizer amount between 20%-30%.Checking through for many years contain the ecological BB of nutrient 20% fertile with the chemical fertilizer that contains nutrient 45% relatively, output does not only reduce, and uses the fertile rate ratio of ecological BB and uses chemical fertilizer and also will increase production 5-7%.
Ii. because short the livings bacterium of the fertile PGPR that uses of the ecological BB of customization has very big growth-promoting functions to crop rhizosphere, analytical capabilities, secreting function are powerful simultaneously, to absorption, the transformation of inorganic nutrients, about raising chemical fertilizer utilization ratio 10-15%.
Iii. organic microorganism promotes the crumb structure of soil, and border, little ecotope obviously takes a turn for the better, and helps the healthy growth of crop.
Specifically joining fertile pattern is:
4. join fat example
If certain piece field soil nutrient test result is nitrogen=33 mg/kg, phosphorus=36 mg/kg, potassium=42 mg/kg, and this piece field grow wheat, we learn that from survey soil this piece field belongs to high nitrogen, middle phosphorus, low potassium level.Need to add 3 kilograms of nitrogen, 3 kilograms of phosphorus, 7 kilograms of potassium.According to what kilogram fertilizer amounts of per kilogram nitrogen actual needs, obtain 6.6 kilograms of urea/mus, 21.3 kilograms/mu of calcium superphosphate, 14 kilograms/mu of vitriolate of tartar.Consider that organic, biological effect can save the 15-25% fertilizer application amount.Actual is 35 kilograms with the ecological BB fertilizer of customization, and wherein organic, biology accounts for 20-25 weight %, the inorganic 75-80 weight % that accounts for.
The ecological BB fertilizer of embodiment 2. customizations is to the influence of crop yield
1) tests than the volume increase of matrix contrast
Test arrangement 10 provinces and cities, 20 kinds of crops, up to a hundred test points, mu units increased in production 33.3～664.7kg, average 304.9kg, stimulation ratio 8.7% shows that the production-increasing function of the ecological BB fertilizer of customization (multi-functional bacterium) accounts for 8.7%.Wherein 1 of stimulation ratio＜5%, account for 2% of test sum; 24 of stimulation ratio 5%～10% account for 48% of test sum, and 16 of stimulation ratio 10%～15% account for 32% of test sum; 3 of stimulation ratio 15%～20% account for 6% of test sum; 2 of stimulation ratio＞20% account for 4% of test sum.Customize the volume increase test of ecological BB fertilizer and matrix contrast, can reach a conclusion: customize in the ecological BB fertilizer biological multi-functional bacterium crop yield is worked, the effect share is about 15%.
The ecological BB fertilizer of table 5. customization is than matrix contrast volume increase cartogram
| Crop | Per mu yield (kg) | Mu units increased in production (kg) | Stimulation ratio (%) |
| Romaine lettuce | 2949.3 | 264.5 | 9.6 |
| Wild cabbage | 3837.1 | 260.9 | 7.5 |
| Watermelon | 2810.9 | 295.9 | 13.75 |
| Chinese cabbage | 6629.4 | 791.5 | 13.1 |
| Cucumber | 2731.6 | 252.3 | 10.4 |
| Cauliflower | 2708 | 222 | 8.9 |
| Rice | 455.7 | 49.5 | 12.5 |
| Leek | 1270.3 | 156.8 | 14.9 |
| Potato | 76372 | 6003 | 8.5 |
| Celery | 4907 | 285.1 | 6.3 |
| Capsicum | 2406.8 | 126.7 | 5.4 |
| Paddy rice | 423.4 | 33.3 | 8.5 |
| On average | 2413 | 304.9 | 8.7 |
2) subtract the chemical fertilizer volume increase test of executing 25% nutrient
On 2 areas, 5 kinds of crops, test, use the ecological BB fertilizer per mu yield 1727.4kg of customization, mu units increased in production 150.7kg, stimulation ratio 6.24～10.4%, average 8.08%, test-results shows: the ecological BB fertilizer of the customization of 20% nutrient can serve as composite fertilizer's use of 25%, and can reach effect of increasing production.
The ecological BB fertilizer of table 6. customization subtracts the volume increase test statistics table of executing 25% nutrient than chemical fertilizer of simple substance
| Crop | Fertilising per mu yield (kg) | Contrast per mu yield (kg) | Mu units increased in production (kg) | Stimulation ratio (%) | Mu increases income (unit) |
| Paddy rice | 615.9 | 579.7 | 36.2 | 6.24 | |
| Paddy rice | 638.6 | 597.9 | 40.7 | 6.80 | |
| Corn | 560.0 | 525 | 35.0 | 6.67 | |
| Sweet potato | 4070 | 3685 | 385 | 10.4 | 154 |
| Watermelon | 2737.7 | 2481.1 | 256.6 | 10.3 | |
| On average | 1724.4 | 1573.7 | 150.7 | 8.08 | 154 |
The ecological BB fertilizer of embodiment 3. customizations is to the influence of crop quality
Detecting object in 2002 based on field crops such as paddy rice, soybean and peanuts, is example with rice and soybean, and its detected result sees Table 7 and table 8.As can be seen from the table, use the ecological fertilizer of customization after, total reducing sugar and crude fat content have remarkable increase in the rice, some amino acid such as tyrosine, Isoleucine, L-glutamic acid, glycine etc. all are greatly improved, and the improvement of rice quality is played an important role; And nitrite content has had reduction by a relatively large margin, and the reduction amplitude is 8.3%～51.1%.Illustrate use the ecological fertilizer of customization after, the crop alimentary quality has obtained bigger improvement, and harmful substance contents reduces.
1) detected result of crop alimentary index
The detected result (changing compared with the control) of the ecological fertile ensuing crop nutritive index of customization is used in table 7. various places
| Crop | Moisture (± %) | Protein (± %) | Crude fat (± %) | Total reducing sugar (± %) | Nitrite (± %) |
| Rice | -0.05 | +3.0 | -4.5 | +2.7 | -43.8 |
| Rice | +3.14 | -3.12 | +5.8 | +3.7 | -51.1 |
| Rice | -0.9 | -11.1 | +25 | +1.7 | -8.3 |
| Rice | -7.2 | -15.4 | 0 | +13.0 | +21.7 |
| Rice | +8.9 | -5.9 | -11.1 | -1.2 | |
| Soybean | -4.5 | +6.9 | +3.5 | -1.9 | |
| Soybean | -15.7 | +3.4 | +4.5 | -3.1 | -25.0 |
2) detected result of amino acid index in the crop
The detected result (changing compared with the control) of the ecological fertile ensuing crop amino acid index of customization is used in table 8. various places
| Crop | Tyrosine (± %) | The a word used in person's names propylhomoserin (± %) | Isoleucine (± %) | L-glutamic acid (± %) | Glycine (± %) |
| Rice | +251.2 | +85.6 | -33.3 | +106.2 | +121.7 |
| Rice | +23.6 | +27.9 | +26.5 | +27.0 | +8.8 |
| Rice | +420.4 | +139.8 | -17.4 | -15.9 | |
| Rice | +398.9 | +142.9 | -9.2 | +81.1 | +5.5 |
3) detected result of pesticide residue in the crop
The pesticide residue aspect, except triazolone, other agricultural chemicals all do not detect on soybean and the peanut.After using the ecological fertilizer of customization, obviously reduced the residual quantity of triazolone in soybean and the peanut, and all met the non-polluted rice standard-required.
The detected result (mg/kg) of the ecological fertile ensuing crop pesticide residue of customization is used in table 9.2002 year various places
| Crop | Handle | M-tetrachlorophthalodinitrile | Cypermethrin | Fenvalerate | Deltamethrin | Rogor | Aphox | Volaton | Triazolone |
| Soybean | CK | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.54 |
| Customization | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.56 | |
| Soybean | CK | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 10.3 |
| Customization | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.6 | |
| Peanut | CK | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.46 |
| Customization | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
4) vegetables are optimized the Quality Detection result
32 samples of 18 kinds of crops of using the ecological BB fertilizer of customization are carried out NO
3Assay, the wherein NO of 27 samples
3Content is (the vegetables NO of Beijing below required standard
3The content reference standard of limiting the quantity of), account for 84.4% of test sample; 42 samples of 39 kinds of crops are carried out heavy metal content measure, wherein the heavy metal content of 37 samples is below hygienic standard, and the reduction amplitude is 10～100%, and is average 73.8%, accounts for 88% of test sample; The sugar determination that contains to 8 samples all has raising in various degree, increasing degree 0.05～1.1%, average out to 0.43%.
Table 10. is used the vegetables NO of the ecological BB organic fertilizer production of customization
3The assay cartogram
| Sequence number | The crop title | NO 3The content limit standard | Use the ecological BB fertilizer of customization | NO 3Content and standard ratio |
| 1 | Chinese cabbage | 1500 | 1150 | 23.3 |
| 2 | Chinese cabbage | 1500 | 1110 | 26.0 |
| 3 | Chinese cabbage | 1500 | 1430 | 4.7 |
| 4 | Chinese cabbage | 1500 | 2850 | 118.7 |
| 5 | Chinese cabbage | 1500 | 2990 | -99.3 |
| 6 | Chinese cabbage | 1500 | 1575 | -5.0 |
| 7 | Chinese cabbage | 1500 | 1172 | 21.9 |
| 8 | Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae | 1500 | 701 | 53.3 |
| 9 | Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae | 1500 | 355 | 76.3 |
| 10 | Leek | 500 | 1230 | -146 |
| 11 | Leek | 500 | 250 | 50 |
| 12 | Shallot | 500 | 476 | 4.8 |
| 13 | Radish | 2000 | 1110 | 44.5 |
| 14 | White turnip | 2000 | 1131 | 43.5 |
| 15 | Radix Dauci Sativae | 2000 | 388 | 80.6 |
| 16 | Cucumber | 1000 | 164 | 83.6 |
| 17 | Cucumber | 1000 | 388 | 61.2 |
| 18 | Crowndaisy chrysanthemum | 2000 | 675 | 66.3 |
| 19 | The bean sprouts | 2000 | 500 | 75.0 |
| 20 | Celery | 2000 | 1100 | 46.0 |
| 21 | Capsicum | 300 | 214 | 28.7 |
| 22 | Tomato | 300 | 250 | 16.7 |
| 23 | Potato | 2000 | 311 | 84.5 |
| 24 | Potato | 2000 | 356 | 82.2 |
| 25 | Cauliflower | 400 | 776 | -94 |
| 26 | Spinach | 3000 | 3710 | -23.7 |
| 27 | Spinach | 3000 | 763 | 74.6 |
| 28 | Little rape | 3000 | 664 | 77.9 |
| 29 | Leaf mustard | 1200 | 1090 | 9.2 |
| 30 | The joint melon | 1000 | 12.8 | 98.7 |
| 31 | Green cucumber | 1000 | 2.38 | 99.8 |
| 32 | Fresh kidney beans | 300 | 2.2 | 99.3 |
| 33 | Green pepper | 300 | 35.4 | 88.2 |
| 34 | Wild cabbage | 1500 | 594 | 60.4 |
| 35 | Tomato | 300 | 14.6 | 95.1 |
| 36 | Tomato | 300 | 20.1 | 93.3 |
| 37 | Wild cabbage | 1500 | 224 | 85.1 |
| 38 | Leek | 500 | 314 | 37.2 |
| 39 | Cucumber | 1000 | 41 | 95.9 |
The ecological BB fertilizer of table 11. customization is optimized the test statistics table of quality
| Sequence number | The crop title | Nitrate content (mg/kg) | Nitrate content reduces (%) | Pol (%) | Pol increment (%) |
| 1 | Rape | 664 | 65.7 | ||
| 2 | White turnip | 1131 | 0.006 | ||
| 3 | Leek | 250 | 34.2 | ||
| 4 | Caraway | 500 | 37.3 | ||
| 5 | Chinese cabbage | 1575 | 2.4 | ||
| 6 | Chinese cabbage | 1172 | 3.4 | ||
| 7 | Spinach | 763 | 22.8 |
| 8 | Cucumber | 388 | 16.2 | ||
| 9 | Celery | 1100 | 34.8 | ||
| 10 | Tomato | 250 | 0 | ||
| 11 | Radix Dauci Sativae | 388 | 0 | ||
| 12 | Green pepper | 35.4 | 2.7 | ||
| 13 | Wild cabbage | 594 | 4.8 | ||
| 14 | Tomato | 14.6 | 4.6 | ||
| 15 | Tomato | 20.1 | 14.8 | ||
| 16 | Wild cabbage | 224 | -4.2 | ||
| 17 | Leek | 314 | 33.4 | ||
| 18 | Cucumber | 41.0 | 22.6 | ||
| 19 | Chinese cabbage | 2.13 | 0.11 | ||
| 20 | Chinese cabbage | 1.8 | 0.05 | ||
| 21 | Chinese cabbage | 2.18 | 0.21 | ||
| 22 | Chinese cabbage | 1.88 | 0.33 | ||
| 23 | Chinese cabbage | 1.99 | 0.86 | ||
| 24 | Watermelon | 10.3 | 0.5 | ||
| 25 | Watermelon | 10.47 | 0.29 | ||
| 26 | Watermelon | 11.8 | 1.1 |
The vegetables heavy metal content of the ecological BB organic fertilizer production of table 12 customization is measured cartogram
| Crop | Chinese cabbage | Capsicum | Cauliflower | White turnip | Cucumber | Celery | The joint melon | Green cucumber | Fresh kidney beans |
| Hg content | 0 | 0 | 0 | ＜0.01 | ＜0.01 | ＜0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Reduce (%) than standard | 100 | 100 | 100 | ＞10 | ＞10 | ＞10 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Pb content | 0.00318 | 0.0056 | 0.000378 | ＜0.01 | ＜0.01 | ＜0.01 | ＜0.01 | ＜0.01 | ＜0.01 |
| Reduce (%) than standard | 98.4 | 97.2 | 96.3 | ＞95 | ＞95 | ＞95 | ＞95 | ＞95 | ＞95 |
| Cr content | 1.1 | 0.85 | 1.1 | ||||||
| Reduce (%) than standard | -10 | -15 | -10 | ||||||
| Cd content | 0.00112 | 0.000618 | 0.00151 | ＜0.01 | ＜0.01 | ＜0.01 | 0.0011 | 0.0018 | 0.0028 |
| Reduce (%) than standard | 97.6 | 98.8 | 97.0 | ＞80 | ＞80 | ＞80 | 97.8 | 96.4 | 94.4 |
| As content | 0 | 0 | 0 | ＜0.01 | ＜0.01 | ＜0.01 | 0.0046 | 0.0137 | 0.0018 |
| Reduce (%) than standard | 100 | 100 | 100 | ＞98 | ＞98 | ＞98 | 99.1 | 35.5 | 99.6 |
The ecological BB fertilizer of embodiment 4. customizations is to the influence of soil
Use the ecological BB fertilizer of customization, the soil micro-ecosystem environment obtains significantly improving.Tabulation as follows:
Soil micro-ecosystem environmental improvement situation behind the ecological BB fertilizer of table 13. use customization
| The fauna microbe species | The effective bacterium number in customized treatment field (individual/g) | The effective bacterium number in contrast field (individual/g) | Comparison is according to field increment (%) | Effectively bacterium increases multiple |
| Aerobic bacteria | 1.5×10 7 | 1.0×10 7 | 50 | 0.5 |
| Anerobe | 3.6×10 6 | 1.5×10 6 | 140 | 1.4 |
| Yeast and mould | 1.1×10 4 | 4.0×10 3 | 175 | 1.8 |
| Actinomycetes | 2.8×10 5 | 3.3×10 3 | 838 | 8.4 |
| Pseudomonas | 7.3×10 3 | 3.9×10 4 | -81 | -0.8 |
| Vinelandii | 4.0×10 4 | ＜1.0×10 3 | ＞3900 | 39 |
| G -Bacterium | 1.1×10 5 | 3.6×10 5 | -69 | -0.7 |
| G +Bacterium | 1.5×10 7 | 9.6×10 6 | 59 | 0.6 |
| G +Bacterium/G -Bacterium | 136.4∶1 | 26.7∶1 | 411 | 4.1 |
Embodiment 5. uses the Economic and Efficiency Analysis (peasant's input-output ratio) of the ecological BB fertilizer of customization
The ecological BB fertilizer Economic and Efficiency Analysis table of table 14. customization
Table 14-1
| Crop | Units increased in production (kg) | Increment (unit) | Cost (unit) | Net return (unit) |
| Paddy rice | 33.3 | 49.95 | 3 | 46.95 |
| Corn | 34.5 | 41.4 | 27.5 | 13.9 |
| Corn | 68.9 | 82.68 | 84 | -1.32 |
| Corn | 49.0 | 58.8 | 24 | 34.5 |
| Corn | 104.5 | 87.78 | 60 | 83.78 |
| Corn | 201.48 | 241.8 | 72 | 169.8 |
| Corn | 131.5 | 157.8 | 63 | 94.8 |
| Add up to | 89.0 | 102.9 | 47.7 | 63.2 |
Table 14-2
| Crop | Units increased in production (kg) | Increment (unit) | Cost (unit) | Net return (unit) |
| Muskmelon | 569.1 | 1138.2 | 84 | 1054.2 |
| Rape | 1580 | 1580 | 3 | 1577.0 |
| Mater convolvulus | 177.9 | 177.9 | 30 | 147.9 |
| Spinach | 184 | 73.6 | 30 | 43.6 |
| Chinese cabbage | 1667.4 | 500.22 | 3.5 | 503.72 |
| Chinese cabbage | 1660.9 | 480.27 | 3.5 | 483.77 |
| Plantula Brassicae chinensis | 313.7 | 188.22 | 84 | 104.22 |
| Celery | 480.3 | 288.16 | 3.5 | 291.66 |
| Celery | 578 | 346.8 | 3.5 | 350.3 |
| Wild cabbage | 772.6 | 234.78 | 42 | 189.76 |
| Capsicum | 545.9 | 436.7 | 84 | 352.69 |
| Sweet potato | 831.3 | 415.7 | 60 | 355.7 |
| Radix Dauci Sativae | 843.9 | 506.34 | 3.5 | 511.84 |
| Radix Dauci Sativae | 684.2 | 410.52 | 3.5 | 416.02 |
| White turnip | 732.7 | 219.8 | 60 | 225.8 |
| Onion | 214.53 | 171.63 | 84 | 87.63 |
| Add up to | 726 | 447.9 | 28 | 418.5 |
Table 14-3
| Crop | Units increased in production (kg) | Increment (unit) | Cost (unit) | Net return (unit) |
| Soybean | 52.21 | 114.86 | 72 | 42.86 |
| Soybean | 41.1 | 90.42 | 60 | 30.42 |
| Soybean | 87.71 | 192.96 | 63 | 129.96 |
| Soybean | 23.64 | 52.01 | 13.5 | 38.51 |
| Peanut | 96.3 | 211.86 | 84 | 127.86 |
| Peanut | 23.95 | 71.85 | 18 | 53.85 |
| Peanut | 23.34 | 70.02 | 18 | 52.02 |
| Peanut | 3.89 | 11.67 | 31.5 | -19.83 |
| Add up to | 44 | 102 | 45 | 44.5 |
In sum, customize ecological BB fertilizer and can have following effect:
1. reduce chemical fertilizer and use 30%-40%.According to the pertinent data statistics, chemical fertilizer utilization ratio is respectively: the nitrogen loss rate can reach 20%-60%, wherein is cured by the soil 25%.One of mechanism that reduces the chemical fertilizer use is that organic matter and microorganism can absorb, solidify, transform the nutrient chemical that crop does not absorb for the moment because the ecological BB fertilizer of customization is fertile type organic, microorganism chelating one.It two is because organic matter and microbial transformation, parsing secretion metabolism also can suitably reduce the chemical fertilizer usage quantity.Therefore use the ecological BB fertilizer of customization to have following predictable prospect:
(1) China is existing ploughs 19.14 hundred million mu.Annual every mu is reduced 5 kilograms of fertilizer amounts, and 9,570,000 tons of chemical fertilizer can be saved in the whole nation;
(2) China is existing ploughs 19.14 hundred million mu.Annual every mu enriches organic 30 kilograms, and the whole nation can consume through innoxious 5,742 ten thousand tons of the organic wastes handled of becoming thoroughly decomposed;
(3) China is existing ploughs 19.14 hundred million mu.Soil organic matter content accounts for 30% of total amount in 1～2% soil.Use ecological BB fertilizer of customization and ecological organic fertilier, annual every mu can make soil organic matter content increase by 0.2%～0.3%.
(4) China is existing ploughs 19.14 hundred million mu.Annual every mu can increase grain 4～7% (by 600 kilograms of calculating of average yield per mu), and the whole nation can increase by 4593.6 ten thousand tons in grain every year.Plough 30% even deduction wherein is used for cash crop, also can increase by 3215.5 ten thousand tons of grain yields;
(5) it is immeasurable using the improvement of aspects such as ecologic effect that the ecological BB fertilizer of customization brings, environment, soil, crop quality.
2. reduce peasant's input, the improvement of soil micro-ecosystem environment.
Use the ecological BB fertilizer of customization to compare chemical fertilizer and can save the peasant and drop into 20%-30%, see the following form 17:
Table 15. uses the input situation of the ecological BB fertilizer of chemical fertilizer, bio-fertilizer and customization
| All kinds of fertilizer | Usage quantity (kilogram/mu) | Sterilant (unit/mu) | Drop into (unit/mu) |
| Chemical fertilizer | 40-55 | 200-300 | 280-410 |
| Bio-fertilizer | 70-100 | 200 | 333-390 |
| Customize ecological BB fertilizer | 40-60 | 50-100 | 114-196 |
Claims (10)
1. a method of preparing the ecological BB fertilizer of customization comprises the steps:
(i) with biological organic fast rotten agent organic waste is carried out harmless treatment, make it to change into the organic matter that can be utilized;
(ii) will comprise the microbial inoculum of side spore bacillus brevis of heat-resisting, salt tolerant, drought-enduring, strong stress resistance and the organic mixing granulation of harmless treatment, make the organic-biological particle of water content≤8%;
(iii) pedotheque is measured, determined required each inorganic nutrients and organic-biological proportion of particles;
(iv) with organic-biological particle and each inorganic nutrients according to determining good mixed.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the organic fast rotten agent of described biology comprises cellulolytic strain excellent, is selected from least a in Amur genus bacillus, pantothenic acid genus bacillus, bacstearothermophilus, Pasteur genus bacillus and the spherical bacillus.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the organic fast rotten agent of described biology is the biological organic fast rotten agent of customization.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described side spore bacillus brevis is Brevibacilluslaterosporus SPT-B.lat, and its preserving number is CGMCC No.1119.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described microbial inoculum be water ratio be no more than 8%, side spore bacillus brevis content more than or equal to 5,000,000,000/gram the bacterium powder.
6. microbial inoculum according to claim 1 or 5, its preparation process comprises:
Described side spore bacillus brevis is fermented through the sterile production line;
Tunning is carried out spraying drying.
7. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described organic-biological particulate preparation process comprise with organic matter add described after through 180 ℃～52 ℃ pyritous granulation stoving processes.
8. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the mensuration of pedotheque comprises the mensuration of moisture in the soil, pH, ammonium nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, microbe population, humus content.
9. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described inorganic nutrients comprises and is selected from least a of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.
10. use the ecological BB fertilizer of customization of the method preparation of claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise organic matter, contain microbial inoculum and each inorganic nutrients of described side spore bacillus brevis, wherein said organic content is more than 25 weight %; Described viable count is that every gram is more than 2,000 ten thousand; Inorganic nutrients content is more than 18 weight %.
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| CN102391025A (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2012-03-28 | 河北利土生物科技有限公司 | Ecological organic fertilizer with composite shale |
| CN102391029A (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2012-03-28 | 曹际娟 | Compost treatment method for sick chicken infected with bird flu and products thereof |
| CN104255154A (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2015-01-07 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Method for adjusting and controlling content of biomass and nitrate content of overground parts of oilseed rapes under high fertilizer application |
| CN104789230A (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-07-22 | 吴迪 | Compounding method for soil conditioner |
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| CN108546172A (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2018-09-18 | 福建省农业科学院农业工程技术研究所 | It reduces nitrate content and improves the fertilizer and its preparation, application method of celery yield |
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2004
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| CN102086398A (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2011-06-08 | 东莞市保得生物工程有限公司 | Soil conditioner |
| CN102391025A (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2012-03-28 | 河北利土生物科技有限公司 | Ecological organic fertilizer with composite shale |
| CN102391025B (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2014-08-13 | 河北利土生物科技有限公司 | Ecological organic fertilizer with composite shale |
| CN102391029A (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2012-03-28 | 曹际娟 | Compost treatment method for sick chicken infected with bird flu and products thereof |
| CN104255154A (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2015-01-07 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Method for adjusting and controlling content of biomass and nitrate content of overground parts of oilseed rapes under high fertilizer application |
| CN104789230A (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-07-22 | 吴迪 | Compounding method for soil conditioner |
| CN108293733A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-07-20 | 麦天鹏 | A kind of eutrophy prime number rice cropping pattern and method |
| CN106748259A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-05-31 | 四川鹤岛农业科技有限公司 | A kind of retain water and nutrients composite microbic bacterial fertilizer and application |
| CN108546172A (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2018-09-18 | 福建省农业科学院农业工程技术研究所 | It reduces nitrate content and improves the fertilizer and its preparation, application method of celery yield |
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