CN104255154A

CN104255154A - Method for adjusting and controlling content of biomass and nitrate content of overground parts of oilseed rapes under high fertilizer application

Info

Publication number: CN104255154A
Application number: CN201410447112.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 彭先佳; 李鹏; 栾兆坤
Original assignee: Research Center for Eco Environmental Sciences of CAS
Current assignee: Research Center for Eco Environmental Sciences of CAS
Priority date: 2014-09-03
Filing date: 2014-09-03
Publication date: 2015-01-07

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for adjusting and controlling the content of biomass and the nitrate of overground parts of oilseed rapes under high fertilizer application. The method comprises the following steps of dewatering sludge, air-drying the sludge in a shady and ventilated place, smashing the sludge, screening the sludge through a 20-mesh screen, and measuring the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the sludge; smashing sintered red mud, naturally air-drying the red mud in a shady place, and screening the red mud through a 100-mesh screen for later use; uniformly mixing the red mud with soil at the plough layer being 20cm deep; adding 8.3-15.4g of the sludge into every kilogram of the soil, and adding 10g of the red mud into every kilogram of the soil; and supplementing nutritional elements in shortage in a mode of applying common chemical fertilizer, watering to keep the water retention amount in the field to be 60 percent, and after keeping balance for 5 days, performing seeding and field management in a conventional oilseed rape planning mode. According to the method, the oilseed rape yield is increased, and the nitrate content of the overground parts of the oilseed rapes is reduced; the quality of the oilseed rapes is improved, and the use of chemical fertilizer is reduced; normal production of the oilseed rapes is not affected; the method is easy to implement and low in cost and creates obvious economic and social benefits.

Description

The regulate and control method of rape the upperground part biomass and nitrate content under high fertilizers input

Technical field

The present invention relates to the regulate and control method of rape the upperground part biomass and nitrate content under a kind of high fertilizers input, be specifically related to a kind of dewatered sludge and solid waste red mud to the regulate and control method of rape the upperground part biomass and nitrate content under high fertilizers input, belong to Agricultural resources and environment field.

Background technology

Vegetables are rich in mineral matter, vitamin, carbohydrate and cellulose etc., it is important foodstuffs indispensable in people's daily life, its quality has extreme influence to people are healthy, just points out that vegetables are plants of a kind of easy accumulation nitrate as far back as 20 beginning of the century foreign scholars.

China is Vegetable produce and consumption big country, year, sowing area was more than 1,800 ten thousand hectares, vegetable plot cropping index is high, fertilizer and agricultural chemicals have high input, owing to too devoting exclusive attention to output, a large amount of use chemical fertilizer particularly nitrogenous fertilizer, the happiness nitre characteristic of vegetables in addition, the nitrate content in vegetables is made to have the trend risen gradually, especially leaf vegetables.The nitrate of human body excess intake is reducible is nitrite, blood oxygen carrying capability is declined, cause calmness, smooth muscle relaxation, blood vessel dilatation, blood pressure drops and methemoglobinemia, nitrite can react with the secondary amine in other food of human consumption, medicine on the other hand, in gastral cavity, form powerful Carcinogenic Nitrosamines, bring out digestive system canceration.

The technology of current regulation and control nitrate salts content of vegetable mainly comprises: screening protonitrate accumulation kind vegetables carry out selection sowing, control by nitrogen fertilizers selection, consumption control, balance fertilizing, fertilization mode, join certain nutrient management means regulation and control such as nitrogen fertilizer application conditioning agent, rational water management means are used to regulate and control, by genetic breeding and genetic engineering means regulation and control.These nitrate salts content of vegetable control techniques otherwise need the screening test of certain hour to verify, the cycle that implements is long, complicated by side effect restriction implementation process, implementation cost height increases the burden of peasant, is therefore badly in need of finding that implementation process is simple, the vegetable nitrate control measure of low cost.

Along with China's Sewage Plant is built in a large number in recent years, country requires day by day to improve to effluent quality simultaneously, and the growth rate of mud is accelerated gradually.Relevant data shows, by, China's urban wastewater treatment amount reaches 1.36 hundred million m in by the end of September, 2011 ³/ sky, wet mud (80% moisture content) year generation breaks through 3,480 ten thousand tons.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the regulate and control method of rape the upperground part biomass and nitrate content under a kind of high fertilizers input, overcome the defect that effect in prior art performance period is long, implementation process is complicated, implementation cost is high, solve the problem that rapeseed cultivation process uses excessive food security, environmental pollution and the cost caused of chemical fertilizer to increase.

The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above is as follows: the regulate and control method of rape the upperground part biomass and nitrate content under a kind of high fertilizers input, comprises the following steps:

Step (1) is by after sludge dewatering treatment, and at shady and cool ventilation, place is air-dry, then is pulverized 20 mesh sieves, measures mud N-P-K content;

Red mud from sintering process is pulverized by step (2), natural air drying in the cool, crosses 100 mesh sieves for subsequent use;

The mud that step (1) is prepared by step (3) and red mud prepared by step (2) mix with 20cm topsoil soils; The amount that mud adds 8.3 ~ 15.4g according to per kilogram soil adds, and the amount that red mud adds 10g according to per kilogram soil adds;

Step (4), in conjunction with rape fertilizer requirement, supplements the nutritive element of shortage by the mode applying common chemical fertilizer, pour water and keep 60% of field capacity, balance after 5 days, conveniently rapeseed cultivation mode is sowed and field management.

Claims

1. the regulate and control method of rape the upperground part biomass and nitrate content under high fertilizers input, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:

The mud that step (1) is prepared by step (3) and red mud prepared by step (2) mix with 20cm topsoil soils; The amount that mud adds 8.3 ~ 15.4g/kg according to per kilogram soil adds, and the amount that red mud per kilogram soil adds 10g adds;

2. the regulate and control method of rape the upperground part biomass and nitrate content under a kind of high fertilizers input according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the air-dry rear moisture content of step (1) dewatered sludge remains on 10% ~ 15%.

3. the regulate and control method of rape the upperground part biomass and nitrate content under a kind of high fertilizers input according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, red mud is the residue producing aluminium oxide from sintering process, and specific surface area can at 4000cm ²/ more than g.

4. the regulate and control method of rape the upperground part biomass and nitrate content under a kind of high fertilizers input according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described common chemical fertilizer is urea or potassium sulfate.