CN1774985A - Intercropping mode for eliminating crop continuous cropping obstacle - Google Patents
Intercropping mode for eliminating crop continuous cropping obstacle Download PDFInfo
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- CN1774985A CN1774985A CNA2005101226468A CN200510122646A CN1774985A CN 1774985 A CN1774985 A CN 1774985A CN A2005101226468 A CNA2005101226468 A CN A2005101226468A CN 200510122646 A CN200510122646 A CN 200510122646A CN 1774985 A CN1774985 A CN 1774985A
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- continuous cropping
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Abstract
The present invention provides an intercropping mode for eliminating continuous cropping disturbance of crops, and is a technique and method for overcoming or eliminating continuous cropping blight of watermelon, etc. by utilizing crop intercropping system. It is characterized by that it makes the crops of modan paddy rice and watermelon, etc. with serious continuous cropping blight implement intercropping mode so as to overcome or eliminate the continuous cropping blight.
Description
One, technical field
A kind of intercropping mode of eliminating continuous cropping obstacles of the present invention belongs to the intensive agriculture production technology, is exclusively used in to overcome and eliminate continuous cropping fusarium wilt problems such as melon and fruit, vegetables.
Two, technical background
The continuous cropping obstacle of melon and fruit, vegetable crop is the bottleneck problem of whole world intensification agricultural production, and the industrialized agriculture soil of thousands of hectares is constantly thrown aside owing to continuous cropping obstacle, has greatly wasted financial resources, man power and material that industrialized agriculture drops into.Therefore, the research of being carried out round the continuous cropping obstacle problem of melon and fruit, vegetable crop and report vast as the open sea, but really solve the tangible few of practical problem, perhaps can only say to have alleviated the continuous cropping obstacle problem to a certain extent, be far from reaching the degree of thorough solution.
Three, summary of the invention
1. technical problem the objective of the invention is to work out a kind of intercropping mode of eliminating continuous cropping obstacles, a kind of Intercropping System that can significantly overcome or eliminate to a great extent watermelon continuous cropping fusarium wilt, make a large amount of industrialized agriculture soil obtain self-regeneration, guarantee agriculture the shaping up that intensify.
Technical scheme
A kind of intercropping mode of eliminating continuous cropping obstacles of the present invention, on the soil of existing watermelon continuous cropping fusarium wilt, with watermelon and drought rice (hybrid rice) in 1 strain (watermelon): the ratio of 3-4 strain (paddy rice) is carried out the plastic mulching intercropping, during field planting that rice paddy seed is live around watermelon seed, because the speed that rice paddy seed is emerged fast about 15 days than watermelon, therefore, sow two kinds of crop seeds simultaneously, the generation of rice root growth and its secretion can suppress the spore germination of watermelon continuous cropping fusarium wilt fungal pathogens effectively, guarantees watermelon infecting by the fusarium wilt disease fungus not in the time of infertility.The rice cropping of being adopted is dry farming cultivation (plastic mulching), its soil moisture management is as follows: plant growth soil moisture content in early stage can maintain the 70-80% of this water-retaining quantity among field of soil, and plant growth middle and later periods soil moisture content then should maintain this water-retaining quantity among field of soil 60-70%.
2. beneficial effect
Our result that studies for a long period of time shows that the key issue of obstruction of vegetable continuous cropping is not nutrient dificiency or imbalance, neither the soil secondary salinization problem, but the intoxicating problem of microflora in the soil and secondary substance thereof.Therefore, patent of the present invention is set about from microflora and this key issue of secondary substance intoxicating thereof exactly, develops a kind of crop interplanting system that can significantly eliminate the continuous cropping fusarium wilt, and elimination factor reaches more than 70%.The mechanism of action of this Intercropping System is that paddy rice is a kind of gramineous crop, and cucumber, watermelon etc. are solanberry class crops, two class crop affinities are very far away, rice root secretory substance very competent, secreted material causes that to suppressing withered pathogenetic disease fungus effect is fine, simultaneously, rice root secretion can improve the microflora of melon and fruit, vegetable crop continuous cropping soil, for the cultivation of soil beneficial microbe fauna provides good nutriment, make it to recover rapidly indigenous microorganism ecology and food chain thereof.
On the other hand, our long-term field location test shows that paddy rice is planted in (soil moisture content maintains the 60%-80% of this water-retaining quantity among field of soil) under the not waterflooding condition, can grow and obtain water equally well and make about 90% of output.Rice dry-farming is a revolution on the paddy rice plantation history, makes paddy rice be able to carry out intercropping with other crops again, and paddy rice and legume intercropping can be saved the nitrogenous fertilizer more than 50%, and paddy rice and melon and fruit, vegetable crop intercropping can significantly solve the soil continuous cropping problem.
The present invention utilizes a kind of Intercropping System that can significantly overcome or eliminate to a great extent watermelon continuous cropping fusarium wilt, has following advantage:
(1) area more than annual rainfall 600mm (total rainfall 400mm of 5-9 month) need not to irrigate, carry out the plastic mulching dry planting and dry administration, but paddy rice normal growth, and because the rice seedling growth is rapid, it is again the system of fibrous root, absorption to soil moisture is better than watermelon greatly, objectively again watermelon has been caused the relatively advantage of drought.
(2) paddy rice and watermelon sow simultaneously, epiphragma, paddy rice emerged 15-20 days than watermelon is early; The sowing ratio of paddy rice and watermelon is 4 (strains): 1 (strain), the thickness of sowing of watermelon are 600 strain/mus, and the thickness of sowing of paddy rice is 2400 strain/mus; Under this density and the ratio condition and under two kinds of crop growth phase part crossing conditions, two kinds of crops all can obtain enough illumination.
(3) rice root is secreted organic very capable, the material of its secretion is to the inhibitory action highly significant of watermelon continuous cropping fusarium wilt disease fungus, the decomposition of the organic substance by rice root secretion simultaneously, change the microflora of watermelon continuous cropping soil, also effectively prevented the generation of watermelon continuous cropping fusarium wilt.
(4) under above-mentioned density, the output of watermelon not because of between planted the part paddy rice and reduced, and paddy rice is because its thickness of sowing is extremely rare, marginal effect is not fully exerted, and can obtain the grain yield of every mu of 200-300 kilogram.
(5) Intercropping System of watermelon and dry farming hybrid rice had both effectively prevented from (to control) generation of continuous cropping fusarium wilts such as watermelon, made the melon grower produce certain paddy rice again, and every mu of remarkable in economical benefits of peasant increases.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the influence of rice root secretion to watermelon blight disease fungus sporogenesis
Five, embodiment
1. site preparation and fertilization
Execute 200 kilograms of amino acid organic and inorganics compound (mixing) fertilizer for every mu after soil is turned over, its nutrient content is 6%N (wherein being organic nitrogen more than 80%), 4%P
2O
5And 5%K
2O, the content of organic matter is 20%, rakes then, prepares sowing
2. sowing
Sow watermelon seed (2-3 grain/cave) by the density of 1 * 1.1m, broadcast hybrid rice kind 4 caves (1-2 grain/cave) around the watermelon seed of every cave, sowing distance between watermelon seed and hybrid rice kind is 15-20cm, watermelon seed and hybrid rice kind are sowed after all seed soaking shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally earlier before broadcasting again, broadcasting the back covers with plastic sheeting for farm use, the back of waiting to emerge is scratched plastic sheeting for farm use at the place of emerging with cutter, so that allow seedling in time go here and there out plastic sheeting for farm use, watermelon and paddy rice all stay 1 seedling/cave.
3. field management
All field management are the same with the management of general melonry.
4. field test results
Different intercropping ratios are to the influence of generation of continuous cropping watermelon blight and output under table 1 field condition
| Handle | Fusarium wilt rate (%) takes place | Prevent and treat ratio (%) | The yield of watermelon (kg/ mu) | Rice yield (kg/ mu) |
| (1) all plants watermelon | 76 | 0 | 302 | |
| (2) all plant the dry farming hybrid rice | 689 | |||
| (3) watermelon and paddy rice intercropping ratio are 1: 2 | 54 | 29 | 461 | 89 |
| (4) watermelon and paddy rice intercropping ratio are 1: 3 | 38 | 50 | 753 | 103 |
| (5) watermelon and paddy rice intercropping ratio are 1: 4 | 22 | 71 | 1020 | 187 |
| (6) watermelon and paddy rice intercropping ratio are 1: 5 | 20 | 74 | 938 | 259 |
| (7) watermelon and paddy rice intercropping ratio are 1: 6 | 20 | 74 | 874 | 361 |
This test soil planted continuously 3 season watermelon, existing serious continuous cropping fusarium wilt, the fusarium wilt incidence is that 76%[sees Table 1 processing (1) when the 4th season plantation watermelon], when with the drought rice intercropping after the watermelon blight incidence significantly reduce, and, the ratio of paddy rice is big more, the fusarium wilt reduced rate is obvious more, when watermelon and paddy rice intercropping ratio are 1: 4, [see Table 1 and handle (5)], this reduced rate reaches capacity, and increases the paddy rice ratio again, and the ratio of preventing and treating of fusarium wilt no longer increases, but the output of watermelon decreases [seeing Table 1 handles (6) and handle (7)], may be reason owing to the illumination competition.Therefore, selecting watermelon and paddy rice intercropping ratio is 1: 4th, the best intercropping ratio of control continuous cropping watermelon blight.
5. rice root secretion is to the influence of watermelon blight fungal pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum spore) reproduction
From paddy rice (7 leaves, 1 heart) water planting liquid, collect rice root secretion, the water planting liquid of collecting is concentrated into 30 times, stand-by.
50mL Bilay ' s medium is concentrated into 49.5mL, 48.5mL, 47.5mL, 45mL, 40mL, 35mL, 30mL respectively, add the rice root secretion that 0.5mL, 1.5mL, 2.5mL, 5mL, 10mL, 15mL, 20mL have concentrated and sterilized after the sterilization respectively, its TOC (total organic carbon) content is respectively 36.2 μ g, 108.9 μ g, 81.5 μ g, 363 μ g, 726 μ g, 1089 μ g, 1452 μ g, contrasts to not adding 50mLBilay ' the s medium of root exudates.Each is handled and repeats 3 times, and 8 processing all add 0.1mL (1.35 * 10
7Individual spore) the watermelon Fusarium oxysporum spore suspension that has separated under 28 ℃, vibrates and measures spore count with flat band method after three days.
After cultivating three days, the contrast miospore that does not add root exudates generates number and can reach 335 * 10
5, sharply reduce and added rice root secretion spore number, along with the increase of root exudates amount, the spore number also decreases, and spore generation number only is 12 * 10 after having added 15mL rice root secretion
5Individual, to compare with the contrast that does not add rice root secretion, the inhibiting rate that spore generates reaches 97%, and as seen, rice root secretion has extremely significant inhibitory effect (Fig. 1) to the breeding of watermelon Fusarium oxysporum spore.
Claims (10)
1. an intercropping mode of eliminating continuous cropping obstacles is characterized in that, the crop that drought rice and continuous cropping obstacle is serious carries out intercropping, sows two kinds of crop seeds simultaneously.
2. according to the described a kind of intercropping mode of eliminating continuous cropping obstacles of claim 1, it is characterized in that the rice cropping of being adopted is the plastic mulching dry farming cultivation.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 described a kind of intercropping modes of eliminating continuous cropping obstacles, it is characterized in that the drought rice kind is a hybrid rice.
4. according to claim 1 or 2 described a kind of intercropping modes of eliminating continuous cropping obstacles, it is characterized in that the serious crop of continuous cropping obstacle is a watermelon.
5. according to the described a kind of intercropping mode of eliminating continuous cropping obstacles of claim 3, it is characterized in that the serious crop of continuous cropping obstacle is a watermelon.
6. according to claim 1 or 2 described a kind of intercropping modes of eliminating continuous cropping obstacles, it is characterized in that,
Two kinds of crop normal growth soil moisture contents in early stage maintain the 70-80% of this water-retaining quantity among field of soil; The middle and later periods soil moisture content maintains the 60-70% of this water-retaining quantity among field of soil.
7. according to the described a kind of intercropping mode of eliminating continuous cropping obstacles of claim 3, it is characterized in that,
Two kinds of crop normal growth soil moisture contents in early stage maintain the 70-80% of this water-retaining quantity among field of soil; The middle and later periods soil moisture content maintains the 60-70% of this water-retaining quantity among field of soil.
8. according to the described a kind of intercropping mode of eliminating continuous cropping obstacles of claim 4, it is characterized in that,
Two kinds of crop normal growth soil moisture contents in early stage maintain the 70-80% of this water-retaining quantity among field of soil; The middle and later periods soil moisture content maintains the 60-70% of this water-retaining quantity among field of soil.
9. according to the described a kind of intercropping mode of eliminating continuous cropping obstacles of claim 4, it is characterized in that,
Two kinds of crop-planting ratio watermelons: hybrid rice is 1 strain: the 3-4 strain, and during field planting that rice paddy seed is live around watermelon seed.
10. described according to Claim 8 a kind of intercropping mode of eliminating continuous cropping obstacles is characterized in that,
Two kinds of crop-planting ratio watermelons: hybrid rice is 1 strain: the 3-4 strain, and during field planting that rice paddy seed is live around watermelon seed.
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| CNB2005101226468A CN100345477C (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2005-11-30 | Intercropping mode for eliminating crop continuous cropping obstacle |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101595794B (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2010-12-08 | 东北农业大学 | Ecological planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon |
| CN104145690A (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2014-11-19 | 姜汉军 | Method for relieving watermelon continuous cropping obstacle by utilization of garland chrysanthemums |
| CN105918068A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-09-07 | 沈阳农业大学 | Intercropping planting method capable of relieving continuous cropping obstacle of grapes |
| CN108680662A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-10-19 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of wheat-broadbean intercropped inhibits the assay method of faba bean Fusarium wilt |
| CN109122076A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-01-04 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of Radix Notoginseng allelopathy effect method for reducing |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1206315C (en) * | 2003-09-18 | 2005-06-15 | 南开大学 | Sequential cropping obstacle regulate and control agent |
-
2005
- 2005-11-30 CN CNB2005101226468A patent/CN100345477C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101595794B (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2010-12-08 | 东北农业大学 | Ecological planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon |
| CN104145690A (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2014-11-19 | 姜汉军 | Method for relieving watermelon continuous cropping obstacle by utilization of garland chrysanthemums |
| CN105918068A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-09-07 | 沈阳农业大学 | Intercropping planting method capable of relieving continuous cropping obstacle of grapes |
| CN108680662A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-10-19 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of wheat-broadbean intercropped inhibits the assay method of faba bean Fusarium wilt |
| CN109122076A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-01-04 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of Radix Notoginseng allelopathy effect method for reducing |
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| CN100345477C (en) | 2007-10-31 |
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