CN1738844A - 单烯属不饱和二羧酸酐、乙烯基芳族化合物和另外的包含杂原子的单烯属不饱和单体的部分酯化的共聚物 - Google Patents
单烯属不饱和二羧酸酐、乙烯基芳族化合物和另外的包含杂原子的单烯属不饱和单体的部分酯化的共聚物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1738844A CN1738844A CN200380108727.1A CN200380108727A CN1738844A CN 1738844 A CN1738844 A CN 1738844A CN 200380108727 A CN200380108727 A CN 200380108727A CN 1738844 A CN1738844 A CN 1738844A
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- Prior art keywords
- multipolymer
- weight
- agent
- acid
- vinyl
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 title abstract description 30
- 150000001990 dicarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 title 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- -1 vinyl aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 27
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- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003011 styrenyl group Chemical group [H]\C(*)=C(/[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005670 ethenylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butenoic acid Chemical compound CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000923 (C1-C30) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 9
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- YPHQUSNPXDGUHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CNC(=O)C=C YPHQUSNPXDGUHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004435 Oxo alcohol Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
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- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butyl acetate Chemical group CCC(C)OC(C)=O DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
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- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 3
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- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000219 ethylidene group Chemical group [H]C(=[*])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
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- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- OZCMOJQQLBXBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxy-2-methylpropane Chemical compound CC(C)COC=C OZCMOJQQLBXBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PYSRRFNXTXNWCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-phenylethenyl)furan-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C(C=CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 PYSRRFNXTXNWCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3769—(Co)polymerised monomers containing nitrogen, e.g. carbonamides, nitriles or amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F267/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of unsaturated polycarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof as defined in group C08F22/00
- C08F267/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of unsaturated polycarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof as defined in group C08F22/00 on to polymers of anhydrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F283/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
- C08F283/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polyethers, polyoxymethylenes or polyacetals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/14—Esterification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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Abstract
本发明涉及可通过以下步骤获得的共聚物,将(A)至少一种单烯属不饱和C4-C8二羧酸酐、(B)至少一种选自苯乙烯和取代苯乙烯的乙烯基芳族化合物和(C)至少一种包含至少一个杂原子且与(A)不同的单烯属不饱和单体自由基聚合,并将所得到的共聚物与以下组分进行部分酯化:(D)式(I)的醇烷氧基化物,其中各变量具有以下含义:R是C2-C6亚烷基,当n>1时,其可以相同或不同;R1是C1-C30烷基;并且n是1-200;以及如果希望的话,将共聚物中仍然存在的酸酐基团水解形成羧基。本发明还涉及所述共聚物作为洗涤和清洁产品的添加剂的用途。
Description
本发明涉及可通过以下步骤获得的共聚物,即自由基聚合如下组分:
(A)至少一种单烯属不饱和C4-C8二羧酸酐,
(B)至少一种选自苯乙烯和取代苯乙烯的乙烯基芳族化合物,和
(C)至少一种包含至少一个杂原子且与(A)不同的单烯属不饱和单体,
并用以下组分将所得到的共聚物部分酯化:
(D)式I的醇烷氧基化物
其中各变量具有以下含义:
R是C2-C6亚烷基,当n>1时,其可以相同或不同;
R1是C1-C30烷基;
n是1-200,
以及如果希望的话,将共聚物中仍然存在的酸酐基团水解形成羧基。
此外,本发明涉及这些共聚物作为洗涤剂和清洁剂的添加剂的用途,特别是作为洗涤剂中的泛灰抑制和去污力提高添加剂的用途,并涉及包含所述共聚物作为添加剂的固体和液体洗涤剂。
在洗涤过程中,在主次去污力之间存在差异。主去污力被理解为指从纺织品制品中实际脱除污垢。而次去污力则被理解为指防止由于从洗涤液中分离出的污垢再沉淀到织物上而产生的影响。纺织品会在洗涤操作中变得越来越灰,并且这种在不知不觉之间加剧的泛灰过程几乎不可能逆转。为了保护由棉制成的纺织品不变灰,往往向洗涤剂中加入羧甲基纤维素(CMC)的钠盐。丙烯酸系聚合物和丙烯酸-马来酸共聚物也具有泛灰抑制作用。但是,所述聚合物的作用不适宜于含粘土的污垢。
EP-A-945473和945501描述了苯乙烯、马来酸酐和聚乙二醇的接枝共聚物,其在清洗制剂和洗涤剂中用作防污添加剂。
US-A-3485762公开了洗涤剂组合物,其包含用非离子表面活性剂部分酯化的苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物的铵盐作为去污增效剂。
用聚乙二醇部分酯化的苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物也是已知的,参见EP-A-306449,根据这一文献,它们可以用作水泥液化剂。
本发明的目的是提供聚合物去垢添加剂,其特征在于有整体有利的施用性质,特别是具有改进的主次去污力,并且可以很容易地和稳定地引入到固体和液体洗涤剂制剂中。
我们已经发现,这一目的能通过可用以下步骤获得的共聚物实现,即自由基聚合如下组分:
(A)至少一种单烯属不饱和C4-C8二羧酸酐,
(B)至少一种选自苯乙烯和取代苯乙烯的乙烯基芳族化合物,和
(C)至少一种包含至少一个杂原子且与(A)不同的单烯属不饱和单体,
并将所得到的共聚物与以下组分进行部分酯化:
(D)式I的醇烷氧基化物
其中各变量具有以下含义:
R是C2-C6亚烷基,当n>1时,其可以相同或不同;
R1是C1-C30烷基;
n是1-200,
以及如果希望的话,将共聚物中仍然存在的酸酐基团水解形成羧基。
一般说来,本发明的共聚物具有以下组成:(B)与(A)和(C)与(A)的摩尔比在所有情况下都在0.1∶1-10∶1范围内,其中[(B)+(C)]与(A)的摩尔比为20∶1-1∶2。
在这方面,对于(B)与(A)的摩尔比来说,优选范围为0.2∶1-5∶1,特别优选0.3∶1-3∶1。
(C)与(A)的摩尔比优选为0.1∶1-5∶1,特别是0.1∶1-3∶1。
[(B)+(C)]与(A)的摩尔比优选为10∶1-1∶1,特别优选6∶1-1∶1。
用于制备本发明的共聚物的单体(A)是具有4-8个碳原子的单烯属不饱和二羧酸酐。可以具体提及的实例是马来酸酐,衣康酸酐,柠康酸酐和亚甲基丙二酸酐。在这里优选衣康酸酐,特别是马来酸酐。
使用的乙烯基芳族单体(B)是苯乙烯和取代的苯乙烯,如烷基苯乙烯,特别是C1-C4烷基苯乙烯,如甲基苯乙烯和乙基苯乙烯,苯乙烯磺酸和其盐,以及卤代苯乙烯,特别是氯代苯乙烯,特别优选未取代的苯乙烯。
适合作为单体(C)的是很多具有至少一个杂原子的单烯属不饱和化合物。所述杂原子,如氮或氧原子可以引入到碳链中或以官能团的形式存在,如羧基、酯基、酰胺基或氰基。
可以提及的特别适合的单体(C)的实例是:
-单烯属不饱和C3-C5羧酸,如马来酸,富马酸,巴豆酸,特别是丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸;
-单烯属不饱和C3-C5羧酸的C1-C22烷基酯,特别是(甲基)丙烯酸酯,如(甲基)丙烯酸的甲基、乙基、丙基、正丁基、异丁基、2-乙基己基、癸基、月桂基、异冰片基、鲸蜡基、棕榈基和硬脂基酯,这些羧酸的碱性酯,特别是(甲基)丙烯酸二烷基氨基烷基酯,如(甲基)丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二乙基氨基乙基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二甲基氨基丙基酯及(甲基)丙烯酸二乙基氨基丙基酯,和其盐,以及与甲基聚亚烷基二醇的酯,如平均分子量Mn为200-5000的甲基聚亚乙基二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯;
-(甲基)丙烯酰胺类,如(甲基)丙烯酰胺,N-(C1-C12-烷基)-(甲基)丙烯酰胺和N,N-二(C1-C4-烷基)(甲基)丙烯酰胺,如N-甲基-、N,N-二甲基-、N-乙基-、N-丙基-、N-叔丁基-、N-叔辛基-和N-十一烷基(甲基)丙烯酰胺,其乙氧基化产物,如平均分子量Mn为200-5000的甲基聚亚乙基二醇(甲基)丙烯酰胺,以及这些羧酸的碱性酰胺,特别是N,N-(二-C1-C3烷基)氨基;-C2-C6烷基(甲基)丙烯酰胺,如二甲基氨基乙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺和二乙基氨基乙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺及二甲基氨基丙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺和二乙基氨基丙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺;
-C2-C30羧酸,特别是C2-C14羧酸的乙烯基酯,如醋酸乙烯酯,丙酸乙烯酯,丁酸乙烯酯,2-乙基己酸乙烯基酯和月桂酸乙烯酯;
-乙烯基C1-C30烷基醚,特别是乙烯基C1-C18烷基醚,如乙烯基甲基醚,乙烯基乙基醚,乙烯基正丙基醚,乙烯基异丙基醚,乙烯基正丁基醚,乙烯基异丁基醚,乙烯基2-乙基己基醚和乙烯基十八烷基醚;
-N-乙烯基酰胺和N-乙烯基内酰胺,如N-乙烯基甲酰胺,N-乙烯基-N-甲基甲酰胺,N-乙烯基乙酰胺,N-乙烯基-N-甲基乙酰胺,N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮,N-乙烯基哌啶酮和N-乙烯基己内酰胺;
-式H-(O-R′)m-O-CH2-CH=CH2的烯丙醇烷氧基化物(R′:直链或支链C2-C7亚烷基,优选亚乙基或亚丙基;m:1-500,优选2-300);
-乙烯基取代的氮杂环,如1-乙烯基咪唑,2-甲基-1-乙烯基咪唑,N-乙烯基噁唑烷酮,N-乙烯基三唑,2-乙烯基吡啶,4-乙烯基吡啶,4-乙烯基吡啶N-氧化物,N-乙烯基咪唑啉和N-乙烯基-2-甲基咪唑啉;
-腈,如丙烯腈和甲基丙烯腈。
优选的单体(C)是丙烯酸,甲基丙烯酸,(甲基)丙烯酸酯和酰胺,特别是丙烯酸甲酯,甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酰胺,乙烯基烷基醚,特别是乙烯基正丁基醚和乙烯基异丁基醚,N-乙烯基酰胺,特别是N-乙烯基甲酰胺和N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮,以及乙烯基取代的氮杂环,特别是1-乙烯基咪唑和4-乙烯基吡啶。
使用的酯化组分(D)是式I的醇烷氧基化物:
在这里,R是直链或支链C2-C6亚烷基,优选亚乙基,亚丙基或亚丁基。
当n>1时,基团R可以相同或不同。不同的基团R可以嵌段或随机排列。
R1是直链或支链C1-C30烷基。
最后,n是1-200,优选4-100,特别优选4-50。
特别适合的组分(D)的实例是:
-在一端用甲基端基封端且其中n是1-200,优选4-100,特别优选4-50的式I的聚乙二醇;
-在一端用甲基端基封端且平均分子量Mn为300-5000的氧化乙烯、氧化丙烯和/或氧化丁烯的嵌段共聚物;
-在一端用甲基端基封端且平均分子量Mn为300-5000的氧化乙烯、氧化丙烯和/或氧化丁烯的无规共聚物;
-烷氧基化的C2-C30醇,特别是脂肪醇烷氧基化物,羰基合成醇烷氧基化物或格尔伯特醇烷氧基化物,其中烷氧基化可以用氧化乙烯、氧化丙烯和/或氧化丁烯进行,例如:
-具有3-30个氧化乙烯单元的C13-C15羰基合成醇乙氧基化物,
-具有3-30个氧化乙烯单元的C13羰基合成醇乙氧基化物,
-具有3-30个氧化乙烯单元的C12-C14脂肪醇乙氧基化物,
-具有3-30个氧化乙烯单元的C10羰基合成醇乙氧基化物,
-具有3-30个氧化乙烯单元的C10格尔伯特醇乙氧基化物,
-具有2-20个氧化乙烯单元,2-20个氧化丙烯单元和/或1-5个氧化丁烯单元的C9-C11羰基合成醇烷氧基化物,
-具有2-20个氧化乙烯单元,2-20个氧化丙烯单元和/或1-5个氧化丁烯单元的C13-C15羰基合成醇烷氧基化物,
-具有2-20个氧化乙烯单元的C4-C8醇乙氧基化物。
本发明的共聚物通过用醇烷氧基化物I进行部分酯化。一般说来,存在的羧基中有5-80%,优选10-65%,特别优选20-50%被酯化。
优选,本发明的共聚物不包含酸酐基团,即未酯化的酸酐基团被水解成羧基。水解可以用水进行或者特别是用含水碱进行,其结果是,羧基被转化为相应的盐。
本发明的共聚物的K值通常是6-200,特别是10-100(根据H.Fikentscher的方法在25℃的水中和1重量%的聚合物浓度下测量)
本发明的共聚物的制备可以通过单体(A)、(B)和(C)的溶液聚合、悬浮聚合或者通过无溶剂的本体聚合进行,并随后用(D)进行部分酯化,和如果希望的话,进行水解。
在这里,适合的溶剂是对于酸酐(A)为惰性的极性溶剂,如丙酮、四氢呋喃或二氧六环。适合的沉淀剂是例如甲苯、二甲苯或脂族烃。
聚合通常在40-200℃,优选60-150℃的温度下进行0.5-12小时,优选1-8小时,特别优选1-5小时。
在所有的过程中,聚合都用聚合引发剂引发。在这里,适合的聚合引发剂是所有能分解为自由基的化合物,如过氧化物,氢过氧化物,氧化还原引发剂和偶氮化合物,如过氧化二叔丁基,过辛酸叔丁基酯,过新戊酸叔丁基酯,过-2-乙基己酸叔丁基酯,过马来酸叔丁基酯,过异丁酸叔丁基酯,过氧化苯甲酰,过氧化二乙酰,过氧化琥珀酰,过氧化对-氯苯甲酰,过氧化二碳酸二环己酯,2,2′-偶氮二(异丁腈),2,2′-偶氮二(2-甲基丙脒)二盐酸盐和2,2′-偶氮二(4-甲氧基-2,4-二甲基戊腈)。一般说来,这些引发剂的用量以单体(A)、(B)和(C)的重量计为0.1-20重量%,优选0.2-15重量%。
用醇烷氧基化物(D)对共聚物进行酯化可以在惰性溶剂或溶胀剂中进行,如在丙酮、甲基酮、四氢呋喃、甲苯、二甲苯或脂族烃中进行或以本体进行。在这里,(D)用量的选择要使得共聚物只有部分酯化。酯化可以通过加入催化剂促进,特别是酸性催化剂,如硫酸,甲磺酸,对甲苯磺酸,十二烷基苯磺酸,盐酸或酸性离子交换剂。酯化后,如果使用溶剂,则从反应混合物中除去溶剂。如果需要的话,将得到的部分酯化的共聚物溶于另外加有碱的水中。从而,使仍然存在的酸酐基团水解并转化为羧基团。适合的碱是例如氢氧化钠溶液,氢氧化钾溶液,氨,胺和链烷醇胺。通过这种方式得到的共聚物溶液的pH值通常是3-10,优选5-8。
特别有利的是,醇烷氧基化物(D)本身用作(A)、(B)和(C)共聚的溶剂或稀释剂。当共聚结束时,与(D)的反应可以通过提高温度和/或加入催化剂引发或结束。当使用其他的溶剂时,需要例如通过蒸馏脱除溶剂,而在这里,可以无需这一步骤。在该程序中,也可以生成一小部分反应物的接枝产物。
也可以首先水解包含酸酐基团的共聚物,以便使所有的酸酐基团以羧基的形式存在,然后根据已知的方法用(D)进行酯化。但是,优选上述程序。
另外,本发明的共聚物也可通过以下步骤获得,即,首先使(A)和(D)反应得到单烯属不饱和单-或二酯,然后将其与(B)和(C)共聚合,反应的进行使得本发明的共聚物中存在的5-80%的羧基呈酯化形式。
本发明的共聚物有利的是适合于作为清洁剂,特别是硬表面清洁剂,如餐具洗涤和家用清洁剂以及洗涤剂的添加剂。
本发明的共聚物的特征在于尤其具有以下有利的施用性质,这些性质致使它们特别适合用于洗涤剂,即,它们以优良的方式分散污垢颗粒,从而防止污垢在洗涤过程中再沉积到织物上。因此,它们能防止纺织品泛灰。另外,它们既能改进液体洗涤剂的主去污力,又能改进固体洗涤剂的主去污力。这尤其适合于颗粒状污垢,然而,疏水性的、包含油和油脂的织物污垢也能较容易地脱除。另外,它们可以没有任何问题地引入到固体和液体洗涤剂制剂中。在这方面,应当强调,液体洗涤剂的稳定性和均质性不会因本发明的共聚物而受到损害。甚至在延期储存时也不会观察到不希望的相形成和沉淀现象。
因此,本发明也提供包含本发明的共聚物作为添加剂的洗涤剂制剂。本发明的共聚物在这里可以以游离酸的形式或以部分或完全中和的形式使用。
本发明的固体洗涤剂制剂特别是包含以下组分:
(a)0.05-20重量%的至少一种本发明的共聚物,
(b)0.5-40重量%的至少一种非离子的、阴离子的和/或阳离子的表面活性剂,
(c)0.5-50重量%的无机助洗剂,
(d)0-10重量%的有机共助洗剂,和
(e)0-60重量%的其他惯常的成分,如增量剂,酶,芳香剂,络合剂,缓蚀剂,漂白剂,漂白活化剂,漂白催化剂,颜色转移抑制剂,另外的泛灰抑制剂,污垢释放聚酯,纤维和颜色保护添加剂,聚硅氧烷,染料,杀菌剂,溶解性改进剂和/或崩解剂,
其中组分(a)-(e)的总和为100重量%。
本发明的固体洗涤剂制剂可以呈粉末、颗粒、挤出物或片剂形式。
本发明的液体洗涤剂制剂优选具有以下组成:
(a)0.05-20重量%的至少一种本发明的共聚物,
(b)0.5-40重量%的至少一种非离子的、阴离子的和/或阳离子的表面活性剂,
(c)0-20重量%的无机助洗剂,
(d)0-10重量%的有机共助洗剂,
(e)0-60重量%的其他惯常的成分,如碳酸钠,酶,芳香剂,络合剂,缓蚀剂,漂白剂,漂白活化剂,漂白催化剂,颜色转移抑制剂,另外的泛灰抑制剂,污垢释放聚酯,纤维和颜色保护添加剂,聚硅氧烷,染料,杀菌剂,有机溶剂,增溶剂,水溶助长剂,增稠剂和/或链烷醇胺,和
(f)0-99.45重量%的水。
适合的非离子表面活性剂(b)特别是:
-烷氧基化的C8-C22醇,如脂肪醇烷氧基化物,羰基合成醇烷氧基化物和格尔伯特醇乙氧基化物:烷氧基化作用可以用氧化乙烯、氧化丙烯和/或氧化丁烯进行。可以存在嵌段共聚物或无规共聚物。每摩尔的醇通常包含2-50摩尔,优选3-20摩尔的至少一种烯化氧。优选的烯化氧是氧化乙烯。所述醇优选具有10-18个碳原子。
-烷基酚烷氧基化物,特别是烷基酚乙氧基化物,其包含C6-C14烷基链和5-30摩尔的烯化氧/摩尔。
-烷基多葡糖苷,其包含C8-C22烷基链,优选C10-C18烷基链和通常1-20,优选1.1-5个葡糖苷单元。
-N-烷基葡糖酰胺,脂肪酸酰胺烷氧基化物,脂肪酸链烷醇酰胺烷氧基化物和氧化乙烯、氧化丙烯和/或氧化丁烯的嵌段共聚物。
适当的阴离子表面活性剂是例如:
-具有8-22个,优选10-18个碳原子的(脂肪)醇的硫酸盐,特别是C9-C11醇硫酸盐,C12-C14醇硫酸盐,C12-C18醇硫酸盐,月桂基硫酸盐,鲸蜡基硫酸盐,肉豆蔻基硫酸盐,棕榈基硫酸盐,硬脂基硫酸盐和牛油脂肪醇硫酸盐。
-硫酸化的烷氧基化的C8-C22醇(烷基醚硫酸盐):这类化合物是例如通过首先将C8-C22醇,优选C10-C18醇,例如脂肪醇烷氧基化,然后将烷氧基化产物硫酸化而制备的。对于烷氧基化作用,优选使用氧化乙烯。
-直链C8-C20烷基苯磺酸盐(LAS),优选直链C9-C13烷基苯磺酸盐和C9-C13烷基甲苯磺酸盐。
-烷烃磺酸盐,特别是C8-C24烷烃磺酸盐,优选C10-C18烷烃磺酸盐。
-皂类,如C8-C24羧酸的钠盐和钾盐。
阴离子表面活性剂优选以盐的形式加入到洗涤剂中。在这方面,适当的阳离子是例如碱金属离子,如钠、钾和锂离子,以及铵盐,如羟乙基铵、二(羟乙基)铵和三(羟乙基)铵盐。
可以提及的特别适当的阳离子表面活性剂是:
-C7-C25烷基胺;
-N,N-二甲基-N-(羟基-C7-C25烷基)铵盐;
-用烷基化剂季化的单-和二(C7-C25烷基)二甲基铵化合物;
-酯季化物,特别是用C8-C22羧酸酯化的季酯化的单、二和三链烷醇胺;
-咪唑啉季化物,特别是式II或III的1-烷基咪唑啉鎓盐:
其中各变量具有以下含义:
R2是C1-C25烷基或C2-C25烯基;
R3是C1-C4烷基或羟基-C1-C4烷基;
R4是C1-C4烷基,羟基-C1-C4烷基或R2-(CO)-X-(CH2)p-基团(X:-O-或-NH-;p:2或3),
其中至少一个基团R2是C7-C22烷基。
适当的无机助洗剂特别是:
-具有离子交换性质的结晶和无定形硅铝酸盐,如特别是沸石:不同类型的沸石都是适合的,特别是沸石A,X,B,P,MAP和HS,其为钠形式或者为其中钠被部分交换为其他的阳离子如Li,K,Ca,Mg或铵的形式。
-结晶硅酸盐,如特别是二硅酸盐和页硅酸盐,例如δ-和β-Na2Si2O5。所述硅酸盐可以其碱金属盐、碱土金属盐或铵盐的形式使用,优选硅酸钠、硅酸锂和硅酸镁。
-无定形的硅酸盐,如偏硅酸钠和无定形的二硅酸盐。
-碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐:这些可以以其碱金属盐、碱土金属盐或铵盐的形式使用。优选钠、锂和镁的碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐,特别是碳酸钠和/或碳酸氢钠。
-多聚磷酸,如三磷酸五钠。
适当的有机共助洗剂特别是:
-低分子量羧酸,如柠檬酸,疏水性改性的柠檬酸,例如松蕈酸,苹果酸,酒石酸,葡糖酸,戊二酸,丁二酸,亚酰胺基二丁二酸,氧联二丁二酸,丙烷三甲酸,丁烷四甲酸,环戊烷四甲酸,烷基-和烯基丁二酸以及氨基多羧酸,如次氮基三乙酸,β-丙氨酸二乙酸,乙二胺四乙酸,丝氨酸二乙酸,异丝氨酸二乙酸,N-(2-羟乙基)亚氨基二乙酸,乙二胺二丁二酸以及甲基-和乙基甘氨酸二乙酸。
-低聚和聚合羧酸,如丙烯酸和天冬氨酸的均聚物,低聚马来酸,马来酸与丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸或C2-C22烯烃,如异丁烯或长链α-烯烃的共聚物,乙烯基C1-C8烷基醚,醋酸乙烯酯,丙酸乙烯酯,C1-C8醇的(甲基)丙烯酸酯和苯乙烯。优选丙烯酸的均聚物和丙烯酸与马来酸的共聚物。低聚和聚合羧酸以酸的形式或其钠盐的形式使用。
适当的漂白剂是例如过氧化氢加合到无机盐上的加合物,如过硼酸钠一水合物、过硼酸钠四水合物和碳酸钠过氧化氢合物,以及过羧酸,如邻苯二甲酰亚氨基过己酸。
适当的漂白活化剂是例如N,N,N′,N′-四乙酰基乙二胺(TAED),对-壬酰氧基苯磺酸钠和N-甲基吗啉鎓乙腈甲基硫酸盐。
优选用于洗涤剂中的酶是蛋白酶,脂肪酶,淀粉酶,纤维素酶,氧化酶和过氧化酶。
适当的颜色转移抑制剂是例如1-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、1-乙烯基咪唑和4-乙烯基吡啶N-氧化物的均聚物、共聚物和接枝聚合物。4-乙烯基吡啶与氯乙酸反应的均聚物和共聚物也适合作为颜色转移抑制剂。
在其他方面的洗涤剂成分通常是已知的。详细说明参见例如WO-A-99/06524和99/04313;Kuo-Yann Lai编的“液体洗涤剂”一文,表面活性剂科学系列,第67卷,Marcel Decker,纽约,1997年,272-304页。
实施例
I.本发明的共聚物的制备
共聚物1-9
将108克(1.10摩尔)的马来酸酐(A1)溶于x1克(x2摩尔)的醇烷氧基化物(D)中并在氮气中和搅拌下加热到90℃。在此温度下,在2小时内,慢慢滴加溶于一小部分醇烷氧基化物(D)中的6克过辛酸叔丁基酯和在z1克(z2摩尔)苯乙烯中的y1克(y2摩尔)单体(C)的溶液。
然后将所得的反应混合物于150℃下搅拌4小时。所得油状物吸收在500克水中,用氢氧化钠溶液将溶液调节到pH值=6-7。
得到30-45重量%浓度的低粘度聚合物溶液。根据H.Fikentscher在Cellulose-Chemie,第13卷,58-64和761-774(1932)中的方法,在25℃和1重量%的聚合物浓度下,在水溶液中测定所制备共聚物的K值。
关于这些实验的更详细的内容和结果概括在表1中。
使用的醇烷氧基化物(D)是:
D1:平均分子量Mn为500的甲基聚乙二醇
D2:平均分子量Mn为1000的甲基聚乙二醇
D3:乙氧基化的C13-C15羰基合成醇(7摩尔EO/摩尔)
表1
共聚物 | x1克(x2摩尔) | D | y1克(y2摩尔) | 单体C | z1克(z2摩尔) | K值 |
1 | 550(1.10) | D1 | 12(0.14) | 丙烯酸 | 100(0.96) | 36 |
2 | 550(1.10) | D1 | 11(0.11) | 正丁基乙烯基醚 | 102(1.00) | 13 |
3 | 550(1.10) | D1 | 50(0.12) | 烯丙醇乙氧基化物(10摩尔EO/摩尔) | 102(1.00) | 20 |
4 | 550(1.10) | D1 | 28(0.28) | 甲基丙烯酸甲酯 | 86(0.84) | 25 |
5 | 550(1.10) | D1 | 12(0.11) | N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮 | 102(1.00) | 43 |
6 | 550(0.55) | D2 | 16(0.22) | 丙烯酸 | 92(0.90) | 51 |
7 | 560(1.10) | D3 | 16(0.22) | 丙烯酸 | 92(0.90) | 48 |
8 | 550(1.10) | D1 | 79(1.10) | 丙烯酸 | 115(1.12) | 51 |
9 | 1100(1.10) | D2 | 159(2.20) | 丙烯酸 | 229(2.20) | 43 |
共聚物10-14
a)前体的制备
a1)用于共聚物10-12的前体PC1:
将194克(2.11摩尔)马来酸酐(Al)和20克聚乙基乙烯基醚(K值:50,在环己烷中的浓度:1重量%,在25℃下,根据H.Fikentscher的方法测定)溶于900克二甲苯中并在氮气和搅拌下加热到140℃。在此温度下,在4小时内平行加入220克(2.16摩尔)苯乙烯和158克(2.20摩尔)丙烯酸的混合物,以及4克过氧化二叔丁基在36克二甲苯中的溶液。
在于140℃下后搅拌1小时并冷却到50℃后,减压脱除溶剂。
以白色粉末存在的聚合物的K值是15.9(在25℃下,在环己酮中的浓度是1重量%)。
a2)用于共聚物13和14中的前体PC2:
将228克(2.32摩尔)马来酸酐(Al)和20克聚乙基乙烯基醚(K值:50,在环己烷中的浓度:1重量%,在25℃下,根据H.Fikentscher的方法测定)溶于1100克二甲苯中并在氮气和搅拌下加热到140℃。在此温度下,在4小时内平行加入230克(2.25摩尔)苯乙烯与1300克(18.06摩尔)丙烯酸的混合物,以及12克过氧化二叔丁基在140克二甲苯中的溶液。
在于140℃下后搅拌1小时并冷却到50℃后,减压脱除溶剂。
以白色粉末存在的聚合物的K值是24.2(在25℃下,在环己酮中的浓度是1重量%)。
b)前体到共聚物的转化
为了制备共聚物10-14,在所有情况下都将前体PC1和PC2与x摩尔的醇烷氧基化物(D)/摩尔马来酸酐的混合物在氮气和搅拌下加热到170℃。
在于170℃下搅拌4小时并冷却到50℃后,所得油状物用氢氧化钠溶液分散。氢氧化钠溶液与(马来酸酐+丙烯酸)的摩尔比为0.6∶1.0,得到30-40重量%浓度的共聚物分散液,其pH值为6-7。
关于这些实验更详细的内容和结果概括在表2中。
使用的醇烷氧基化物(D)是:
D2:平均分子量Mn为1000的甲基聚乙二醇
D3:乙氧基化C13-C15羰基合成醇(7摩尔EO/摩尔)
D4:平均分子量Mn为1000的无规丁基聚亚烷基二醇共聚物(EO∶PO重量比为1∶1)
D5:C13-C15羰基合成醇(5摩尔PO/摩尔,5摩尔EO/摩尔)
D6:C13-C15羰基合成醇(12摩尔EO/摩尔,3摩尔PO/摩尔)
表2
共聚物 | 前体 | X摩尔/摩尔MAA | 醇烷氧基化物 | K值 |
10 | PC1 | 0.75 | D4 | 32 |
11 | PC1 | 0.75 | D5 | 35 |
12 | PC1 | 1.0 | D3 | 29 |
13 | PC2 | 1.0 | D2 | 43 |
14 | PC2 | 1.0 | D6 | 36 |
II.本发明的共聚物在洗涤剂中的用途
测定本发明的共聚物的主次去污力。
对于洗涤实验来说,使用3种固体洗涤剂制剂(DT1-3)和2种液体洗涤剂制剂(DT4和5),其组成参见表3。洗涤条件列于表4。
表3
DT1 | DT2 | DT3 | DT4 | DT5 | |
成分 | [重量%] | [重量%] | [重量%] | [重量%] | [重量%] |
直链烷基苯磺酸盐 | 5.0 | 0.8 | 7.0 | ||
C12-C18烷基硫酸盐 | 12.0 | 26.7 | 6.1 | ||
C12脂肪醇硫酸盐×2EO | 7.1 | ||||
C13-C15羰基合成醇×7EO | 5.0 | 4.7 | 7.0 | ||
C12-C14脂肪醇×7EO | 6.0 | 26.0 | |||
皂 | 1.4 | 0.4 | 0.8 | ||
椰子油脂肪酸 | 5.0 | 14.3 | |||
氢氧化钾 | 1.4 | 5.4 | |||
柠檬酸钠×2H2O | 5.0 | 10.0 | 2.1 | 4.1 | |
沸石A | 30.0 | 15.0 | |||
页硅酸盐SKS6 | 14.0 | ||||
碳酸钠 | 12.0 | 20.0 | 1.4 | ||
碳酸氢钠 | 9.0 | ||||
偏硅酸钠×5H2O | 3.6 | ||||
二硅酸钠 | 5.0 | ||||
四硼酸二钠 | 2.2 | ||||
过硼酸钠一水合物 | 20.0 | ||||
过碳酸钠 | 18.0 | 15.0 | |||
四乙酰基乙二胺 | 6.0 | 4.5 | 4.0 | ||
甲基丙二醇 | 10 | ||||
乙醇 | 2 |
硫酸钠 | 7.0 | 3.2 | 25.0 | ||
硅酸镁 | 0.8 | ||||
水 | 加到100 | 加到100 | 加到100 | 加到100 | 加到100 |
表4
洗涤条件 | |
设备 | Launder-o-meter,来自Atlas,Chicago,USA |
洗涤液 | 250ml |
洗涤时间 | 在40℃下30分钟 |
洗涤剂浓度 | 4.5g/l |
水的硬度 | 3mmol/l Ca∶Mg∶HCO3 4∶1∶8 |
浴比 | 1∶12.5 |
洗涤循环 | 1 |
共聚物添加 | 2.5重量%,以分别的DT计 |
试验织物 | 5.0克棉织物221(经漂白,每单位面积重量:132g/m2) |
5.0克混合织物768(聚酯∶棉为65∶35,经漂白,每单位面积重量:155g/m2) | |
沾污试验织物 | 10克棉织物290(斜纹布,经漂白,每单位面积重量:193g/m2),用3种类型污垢的1∶1∶1混合物沾污(受沾污试验织物的Na/Al硅酸盐比例为4.53重量%) |
污垢类型 | Niederahr红烧粘土178/RIHessian棕烧锰粘土262黄烧粘土158/G均得自JgerKG,Hilgert,德国 |
为了测定主去污力,在洗涤前后用Datacolor光度计(Elrepho2000)通过参考反射率(%)测定沾污试验织物的白度。反射率值越高,主去污力越好。
得到的结果概括于表5。
表5
洗涤剂 | 共聚物添加剂(2.5重量%) | 棉290 |
反射率,% | ||
未洗涤 | 16.3 | |
DT1 | 无 | 21.9 |
DT1 | 共聚物4 | 24.4 |
DT1 | 共聚物7 | 23.8 |
DT1 | 共聚物12 | 25.0 |
DT2 | 无 | 22.0 |
DT2 | 共聚物2 | 24.0 |
DT2 | 共聚物5 | 24.9 |
DT4 | 无 | 21.2 |
DT4 | 共聚物1 | 23.0 |
DT4 | 共聚物4 | 23.5 |
DT4 | 共聚物7 | 22.9 |
DT5 | 无 | 21.3 |
DT5 | 共聚物2 | 22.8 |
DT5 | 共聚物4 | 23.3 |
DT5 | 共聚物14 | 23.9 |
为了测定次去污力,通过在洗涤前后用Datacolor光度计(Elrepho2000)通过参考反射率(%)测定白度来测量白色试验织物的泛灰。白度降低越多,织物的泛灰越厉害,反之亦然。
得到的结果概括于表6。
表6
洗涤剂 | 共聚物添加剂(2.5重量%.) | 棉221 | 混合织物768 |
反射率,% | 反射率,% | ||
未洗涤 | 83.2 | 84.9 | |
DT1 | 无 | 55.2 | 55.4 |
DT1 | 共聚物1 | 59.9 | 60.5 |
DT1 | 共聚物4 | 61.0 | 61.9 |
DT1 | 共聚物5 | 60.9 | 61.1 |
DT1 | 共聚物6 | 59.2 | 61.0 |
DT1 | 共聚物8 | 63.1 | 61.8 |
DT1 | 共聚物9 | 62.4 | 61.2 |
DT1 | 共聚物12 | 60.8 | 61.2 |
DT2 | 无 | 54.3 | 55.5 |
DT2 | 共聚物1 | 60.5 | 60.6 |
DT2 | 共聚物2 | 60.1 | 59.7 |
DT2 | 共聚物3 | 59.6 | 61.1 |
DT2 | 共聚物10 | 60.7 | 60.2 |
DT2 | 共聚物11 | 59.3 | 58.5 |
DT3 | 无 | 51.4 | 52.1 |
DT3 | 共聚物1 | 55.5 | 54.2 |
DT3 | 共聚物8 | 57.5 | 58.1 |
DT3 | 共聚物13 | 56.9 | 56.5 |
DT4 | 无 | 48.4 | 54.8 |
DT4 | 共聚物1 | 59.5 | 60.6 |
DT4 | 共聚物4 | 56.6 | 59.3 |
DT4 | 共聚物5 | 58.0 | 60.1 |
DT4 | 共聚物6 | 60.3 | 58.9 |
DT4 | 共聚物8 | 57.4 | 57.4 |
DT4 | 共聚物9 | 58.4 | 56.9 |
DT5 | 无 | 53.4 | 46.7 |
DT5 | 共聚物2 | 59.5 | 54.9 |
DT5 | 共聚物4 | 59.2 | 58.0 |
DT5 | 共聚物5 | 29.3 | 55.3 |
为了确定共聚物在各种液体洗涤剂制剂中的稳定性,在所有情况下都把1重量%的共聚物配制到液体洗涤剂中,并目测评估其相分离、浑浊、不相容等现象。
稳定性试验用液体洗涤剂制剂DT4和5进行。
表7概括了在于40℃下储存4周后的目测评估结果。
表7:
共聚物 | DT4 | DT5 |
无 | 清澈 | 清澈 |
共聚物2 | 清澈 | 清澈 |
共聚物3 | 清澈 | 清澈 |
共聚物4 | 有条状体产生 | 清澈 |
共聚物5 | 清澈 | 清澈 |
共聚物8 | 清澈 | 清澈 |
共聚物9 | 清澈 | 清澈 |
共聚物13 | 清澈 | 清澈 |
Claims (13)
1.一种可通过以下步骤获得的共聚物,即自由基聚合如下组分:
(A)至少一种单烯属不饱和C4-C8二羧酸酐,
(B)至少一种选自苯乙烯和取代苯乙烯的乙烯基芳族化合物,和
(C)至少一种包含至少一个杂原子且与(A)不同的单烯属不饱和单体并将所得到的共聚物与以下组分进行部分酯化:
(D)式I的醇烷氧基化物
其中各变量具有以下含义:
R是C2-C6亚烷基,当n>1时,其可以相同或不同;
R1是C1-C30烷基;
n是1-200,
以及如果希望的话,将共聚物中仍然存在的酸酐基团水解形成羧基。
2.权利要求1的共聚物,其中(B)与(A)和(C)与(A)的摩尔比各自在0.1∶1-10∶1范围内,且[(B)+(C)]与(A)的摩尔比为20∶1-1∶2。
3.权利要求1或2的共聚物,其中存在的羧基中有5-80%被酯化。
4.权利要求1-3中任何一项的共聚物,其中将仍然存在的酸酐基团水解为羧基。
5.权利要求1-4中任何一项的共聚物,其包含马来酸酐作为单体(A)。
6.权利要求1-5中任何一项的共聚物,其包含苯乙烯作为单体(B)。
7.权利要求1-6中任何一项的共聚物,其包含(甲基)丙烯酸,(甲基)丙烯酸酯或酰胺,乙烯基烷基醚,N-乙烯基甲酰胺,N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮,1-乙烯基咪唑或4-乙烯基吡啶作为单体(C)。
8.权利要求1-7中任何一项的共聚物作为洗涤剂和清洁剂的添加剂的用途。
9.权利要求1-7中任何一项的共聚物作为洗涤剂中的泛灰抑制添加剂的用途。
10.权利要求1-7中任何一项的共聚物作为洗涤剂中的提高去污力的添加剂的用途。
11.一种洗涤剂制剂,其包含权利要求1-7中任何一项的共聚物作为添加剂。
12.一种固体洗涤剂制剂,其包含:
(a)0.05-20重量%的至少一种如权利要求1-7中任何一项所述的共聚物,
(b)0.5-40重量%的至少一种非离子的、阴离子的和/或阳离子的表面活性剂,
(c)0.5-50重量%的无机助洗剂,
(d)0-10重量%的有机共助洗剂,和
(e)0-60重量%的其他惯常的成分,如增量剂,酶,芳香剂,络合剂,缓蚀剂,漂白剂,漂白活化剂,漂白催化剂,颜色转移抑制剂,另外的泛灰抑制剂,污垢释放聚酯,纤维和颜色保护添加剂,聚硅氧烷,染料,杀菌剂,溶解性改进剂和/或崩解剂,
其中组分(a)-(e)的总和为100重量%。
13.一种液体洗涤剂制剂,其包含:
(a)0.05-20重量%的至少一种如权利要求1-7中任何一项所述的共聚物,
(b)0.5-40重量%的至少一种非离子的、阴离子的和/或阳离子的表面活性剂,
(c)0-20重量%的无机助洗剂,
(d)0-10重量%的有机共助洗剂,
(e)0-60重量%的其他惯常的成分,如碳酸钠,酶,芳香剂,络合剂,缓蚀剂,漂白剂,漂白活化剂,漂白催化剂,颜色转移抑制剂,另外的泛灰抑制剂,污垢释放聚酯,纤维和颜色保护添加剂,聚硅氧烷,染料,杀菌剂,有机溶剂,增溶剂,水溶助长剂,增稠剂和/或链烷醇胺,和
(f)0-99.45重量%的水。
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DE10301009A DE10301009A1 (de) | 2003-01-13 | 2003-01-13 | Partiell veresterte Copolymere von monoethylenisch ungesättigten Dicarbonsäureanhydriden, vinylaromatischen Verbindungen und weitere Heteroatome enthaltenden monoethylenisch ungesättigten Monomeren |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CA (1) | CA2512600C (zh) |
DE (2) | DE10301009A1 (zh) |
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CN110066358A (zh) * | 2018-01-23 | 2019-07-30 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种无磷聚合物缓蚀剂及其制备方法和应用 |
CN116376036A (zh) * | 2023-04-20 | 2023-07-04 | 东南大学 | 一种梳型聚羧酸盐分散剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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DE102005026522B4 (de) * | 2005-06-08 | 2007-04-05 | Henkel Kgaa | Verstärkung der Reinigungsleistung von Waschmitteln durch Polymer |
DE502006006364D1 (de) * | 2005-12-09 | 2010-04-15 | Basf Se | Copolymere auf basis von polyalkylenoxid-modifizierten n-vinyllactam-copolymeren |
DE102006062440A1 (de) | 2006-12-27 | 2008-07-03 | Byk-Chemie Gmbh | Polymermischung umfassend ein Kammcopolymeres |
DE102006062441A1 (de) * | 2006-12-27 | 2008-07-03 | Byk-Chemie Gmbh | Modifizierte Kammcopolymere |
EP2205097A1 (en) * | 2007-09-27 | 2010-07-14 | Basf Se | Systemicity enhancers |
CA2700818C (en) * | 2007-10-15 | 2015-08-11 | Revolymer Limited | Solvent-free synthesis of amphiphilic polymeric material |
JP5467859B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-25 | 2014-04-09 | 花王株式会社 | セメント分散剤の製造方法 |
KR101951522B1 (ko) * | 2016-10-31 | 2019-05-10 | 롯데첨단소재(주) | 열가소성 수지 조성물, 이의 제조방법 및 이로부터 형성된 성형품 |
CN109776739B (zh) * | 2018-12-29 | 2021-09-14 | 广州星业科技股份有限公司 | 一种高分子防串色助洗剂 |
JP7189610B2 (ja) * | 2019-01-10 | 2022-12-14 | シーバイエス株式会社 | 加熱調理機器用固形洗浄剤組成物およびそれを用いた洗浄方法 |
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US3485762A (en) * | 1966-05-24 | 1969-12-23 | Sinclair Research Inc | Laundry detergents containing ammonium salt of styrenemaleic anhydride copolymer and non-ionic,hydroxyl-containing surfactant |
DE3305637A1 (de) * | 1983-02-18 | 1984-08-23 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Copolymerisate, ihre herstellung und ihre verwendung als hilfsmittel in wasch- und reinigungsmitteln |
DE19628446A1 (de) * | 1996-07-15 | 1998-01-22 | Bayer Ag | Stabile, wäßrige Dispersionen von Copolymerisaten auf Basis von konjugierten, aliphatischen Dienen und vinylaromatischen Verbindungen |
AU2122599A (en) * | 1998-03-24 | 1999-10-07 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation | Laundry detergents containing styrene-anhydride copolymers grafted with polyethylene glycol |
US6075093A (en) * | 1998-03-24 | 2000-06-13 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation | Laundry detergents containing styrene-anhydride copolymers grafted with polyethylene glycol |
CN1113046C (zh) * | 1998-12-28 | 2003-07-02 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 用作水泥添加剂的聚羧聚合物及其制备方法和用途 |
US6184287B1 (en) * | 1999-01-26 | 2001-02-06 | Omnova Solutions Inc. | Polymeric latexes prepared in the presence of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate |
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CN110066358A (zh) * | 2018-01-23 | 2019-07-30 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种无磷聚合物缓蚀剂及其制备方法和应用 |
CN110066358B (zh) * | 2018-01-23 | 2022-09-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种无磷聚合物缓蚀剂及其制备方法和应用 |
CN116376036A (zh) * | 2023-04-20 | 2023-07-04 | 东南大学 | 一种梳型聚羧酸盐分散剂及其制备方法和应用 |
CN116376036B (zh) * | 2023-04-20 | 2024-09-20 | 东南大学 | 一种梳型聚羧酸盐分散剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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DE50304402D1 (de) | 2006-09-07 |
US20060074002A1 (en) | 2006-04-06 |
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CN100439409C (zh) | 2008-12-03 |
EP1587848A1 (de) | 2005-10-26 |
CA2512600C (en) | 2011-08-09 |
JP2006513288A (ja) | 2006-04-20 |
CA2512600A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
DE10301009A1 (de) | 2004-07-22 |
MXPA05006558A (es) | 2005-08-16 |
JP4461025B2 (ja) | 2010-05-12 |
WO2004063239A1 (de) | 2004-07-29 |
ATE334153T1 (de) | 2006-08-15 |
AU2003298243A1 (en) | 2004-08-10 |
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