CN1723309B - 使用具有扁平丝的织物的水刺技术 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种包括扁丝的织物,该织物在以水刺法制造非织造产品时作为支撑织物而使用,以及使用此种织物的水刺方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及非织造织物的生产,更具体地说,本发明涉及通过使用水刺法生产非织造织物。
背景技术
非织造织物应用于各种各样的用途,这些用途能有利地利用该织物的工程特性。此类型的织物与传统的机织或针织织物的不同之处在于:不用传统的纺织织造过程就使得织物的纤维或丝并入粘结的网之中。织物纤维单元的缠结为织物提供了所需的整体性,且所选的缠结工艺可允许该织物被图案化,以达到所需的美感。
非织造织物一般由纤维组成,纤维通过纤维之间的相互作用锁定入位,从而形成牢固粘结的结构,通常不需要粘合剂或使丝熔合。其制品可具有缠结纤维区和互连纤维的重复图案,缠结纤维区的面密度(单位面积的重量)高于织物的平均面密度,互连纤维延伸于紧密缠结区之间,并且在紧密缠结区内互相自由缠结。局部缠结区可通过延伸于相邻缠结区之间的纤维而互相连接,从而形成面密度比相邻的高密度区域低的区域。在紧密缠结区和互连纤维之中或二者之间可形成基本没有纤维的孔隙图案。在某些制品中,紧密缠结区排列成规则图案,并以有序的纤维群来接合而形成外观类似于传统织造织物的织物,但其内的纤维从一个缠结区自由前进至另一个缠结区,贯穿整个织物。有序纤维群的纤维可基本互相平行或彼此自由排列。实施例包括具有复杂纤维结构的织物,该织物以有序纤维群使缠结纤维区互相连接,有序纤维群位于织物的不同厚度区域,这种织物特别适用于服装,包括妇孺衣料及套装材料,以及工业用织物,例如揩布等。
如上所述,纤维通过纤维之间的相互作用锁定入位于织物之中。术语“锁定入位”指结构中的各纤维不仅没有从图案化结构中各自的位置移动的倾向,而且通过它们自身及/或织物的其它纤维之间的相互作用,实际上可以物理作用束缚,以避免此类移动。纤维锁定入位于织物的缠结纤维区之内,缠结纤维区的面密度大于织物的平均面密度,此外,纤维的相互作用也可在其它区域发生。
术语“相互作用”指纤维回转、缠绕、前后加捻,并在结构的各个方向互相穿越,形成错综纠缠的状态,因此当织物受到应力时,纤维彼此之间相互固定。
机械缠结法是在一种称为针刺机或纤维加固机(fiber locker)的装置中,通过使用大量刺针来针刺毛层,从而使一层或多层纤维层粘合或固定于其自身或基材上。此操作将纤维由纤维层表面驱入并穿过毛层本体。虽然其强度特性通过纤维缠结于毛层内而得到改善,但此工艺速度较慢,并且刺针在损伤纤维的同时自身也很快被磨坏,因此该工艺本质上仅适用于厚重基材的缠结。
为了避免这些问题,因此开发了水刺工艺(或“喷射法”),该方法利用高压水流的能量来模拟老式针刺机的缠结操作,高压水流直径小、凝聚力强。该方法包括制成干法成网或湿法成网的纤维网,然后使用非常细的高压水柱使纤维缠结。几排水柱对准纤维网冲击,纤维网被可移动的金属丝网或织物所支撑。随后干燥该缠结纤维网。材料中所使用的纤维可为合成短纤维或再生短纤维,例如聚酯纤维、聚酰胺纤维、聚丙烯纤维、人造丝或类似物,纸浆纤维或纸浆纤维与短纤维的混合物。水刺材料能以高性价比制成,并具有高吸湿能力。它们可用作家用或工业用的擦拭材料,以及医护和卫生用途的可抛型材料等。
通过改变原材料及/或所用的环带/图案构件,可使用水刺法制成大量不同的产品。原材料可包括以任意程度对齐或互相随意排列的疏松纤维网、垫、毛层或类似物。此处所用的术语“纤维”包括所有类型的纤维材料,而不管是天然材料或是合成材料,包括纤条体、纸纤维、纺织短纤维及连续长丝等。通过合理组合短纤维和长纤维可改进性能。增强织物通过短纤维与基本连续的纤维丝线相结合而形成,术语“丝线(strand)”包括连续长丝及各种形式的常规纺织纤维,其可呈直线状或卷曲状,而其它所需产品可通过在原材料中使用高度卷曲及/或高弹性的纤维而制成。特需图案的非织造织物通过使用一种原材料而制成,该原材料所包括的纤维具有伸长、卷曲、收缩或其他长度改变的潜能,随后处理已形成图案的非织造织物结构以发挥纤维的潜在性能,从而改变纤维的自由长度。原材料可包括不同类型的纤维,例如可收缩纤维及不可收缩的纤维,从而在激发一种纤维的潜在性能时获得特殊的效果。
最初,水刺工艺包括使用预成形的干法成网纤维网材料,其被支撑在多孔表面上,因此冲射在网材上的水流会移动或分开纤维,从而造成不同密度的图案甚至在其中产生孔隙。多数情况下,所制成的纤维网仅仅是纤维在预制薄片材料中的重排,其中重排纤维仅表现出极少的真实缠结(若有的话)。重排由使用压力水柱所造成,该压力足以使纤维横向移动,却不足以将它们有效地缠结。这些具有纤维重排且多孔的网材通常需要大量的粘合剂来赋予足够的强度,以允许进一步处理该类薄片材料。
图3示出一个水刺系统的实例,其描述于美国专利6,163,943的第二栏第25行至第四栏第3行中(该专利中为图1)。
发明内容
本发明的发明人认识到,在具有扁平丝的织物上实施水刺法,能改进所制非织造产品。
因此,本发明提供一种包括扁平丝的织物,其在以水刺法生产非织造产品时用作支撑织物,以及使用该织物的水刺法。
附图说明
为了更好地了解本发明,以下参照下述附图对本发明进行详细说明,但下述说明仅为举例之用而非用来限制本发明,其中相同的参考标号代表相同的元件及部件,其中:
图1示出不含扁平丝的单层织造图案;
图2示出根据本发明的含有扁平丝的单层织造图案;
图3为适于应用本发明的水刺系统的平面图;
图4A与图4B示出一织物实例的两个剖视图,该织物适合于根据本发明进行改进;
图5为图4A与图4B所示织物的立体剖视图;
图6为图4A与图4B所示织物在根据本发明改进之前的特写剖视图;
图7为图4A与图4B的织物在根据本发明改进之后的特写剖视图;
图8为水刺机的一部分的平面图,该水刺机适用于根据本发明实施水刺工艺;及
图9为螺旋链结式织物/带一实例的剖视图,该织物/带适用于根据本发明进行改进。
具体实施方式
本发明的水刺用支撑织物可应用于如图3所示的水刺系统中,该系统被详述于美国专利6,163,943的第二栏第25行至第四栏第3行中,并作为该专利的图1。当本发明的织物使用于如图3所示的系统时,织物应制成连续的带,并用这种带取代金属丝网12。
本发明的水刺用支撑织物优选由经向和纬向的单丝织成。如该领域中的普通技术人员所知,当织物由环状织造法或改进的环状织造法织造时,经向单丝位于织物的横向(CD),而织物为平织时,经向单丝则位于织物的纵向(MD)。与此相反,当织物由环状或改进的环状织造法制造时,纬向单丝位于织物的纵向(MD),但在平织织物中纬向单丝则位于织物的横向(CD)。
单丝可由本技术领域中的普通技术人员在制造用于造纸机织物的单丝时所常用的聚合物树脂中的任意一种挤出或制造,例如聚酰胺、聚酯、聚醚醚酮、聚丙烯、聚烯烃及聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)树脂。如本领域所公认,也可使用其它类型的丝,例如捻合单丝、复丝、捻合复丝等。
应注意的是,尽管本发明用术语“丝”和“单丝”进行描述,但本发明并不局限于严格意义上限定的“丝”和“单丝”的概念。术语“丝”及/或“单丝”还用来指纤维、线、纱、长丝、单丝、复丝等。因此,本发明的带状织物可用这些类型材料中的任意一种或这些材料的任意组合织成。此外,用于织成织物的材料可以是天然的或合成的。不仅如此,还可使用金属作为制造带的材料。例如,可使用金属纱或烧结金属纱,或可使用单芯烧结金属包皮纱。还可使用不同类型的金属材料组合物制造该带。
无论哪种情况,本发明的支撑织物都包括扁平单丝。扁平单丝可以是全部或部分的CD单丝,全部或部分的MD单丝,或CD和MD单丝的某种组合。图1和图2用来对比没有扁平单丝的单层组织和具有扁平单丝的单层组织。如图中可见,图1示出一根圆形的MD单丝2及若干圆形的CD单丝4。图2示出一根圆形的MD单丝6及若干扁平的CD单丝8。因此,在图2所示的实施例中,所有的CD单丝都是扁平的。使用扁平的CD单丝使图2组织的厚度T’小于图1的织物厚度T。此外,使用扁平单丝使图2组织在垂直或基本垂直于CD单丝所在平面的方向上,对水流具有更强的阻抗性。阴影区域A和A’仅用于方便观察比较。
本发明的织物可制成单层织物、双层织物或三层织物。而扁平单丝可织入任意一层,或织入多层的任意组合之中,并在指定层中以任意结构织入。在优选实施例中,具有扁平单丝的三层织物仅在形成织物磨面(放置非织造织物纤维的面的背面)的层中织入扁平单丝,而圆形单丝仅用在形成织物成形面(放置非织造织物纤维的面)的层中。在本实施例中,非织造织物纤维被成形面的圆形单丝所支撑,而扁平丝则促成更强的反射水流,从而促成更大的反射缠结能量。通过促成更大的反射能量,织物会促使构成非织造织物的纤维缠结更强烈,从而提供更牢固的非织造织物成品。即,当水以垂直或基本垂直的方向冲射在扁平纱所在的平面时,部分水柱将穿过成形表面层和中间层,再由磨面层反射,从而使纤维进一步地缠结。
在可替代实施例中,具有扁平单丝的双层织物仅在形成织物磨面层的层中织入扁平单丝,而圆形单丝仅用于另一层中。如上所述的三层实施例中,非织造织物的纤维被成形面的圆形单丝所支撑,而扁平单丝促成更强的反射水流,因此能够促成更大的反射缠结能量。
在另一可替代实施例中,具有扁平单丝的双层或三层织物仅在其成形面层中含有扁平单丝,从而在成形面上提供更强的纤维支撑。
在各个实施例中,织物的渗透率均大于350cfm。
任何情况下,本发明的扁平丝可在其被织入织物层中之前或之后形成,而其扁平化可以多种方法实现。一种形成扁平丝的方法是以一种方式把它们挤出,该方式赋予成品丝“扁平化”的横截面。其它两种获得所需扁平化的方法为轧光(calendaring)和砂磨(sanding),这两种方法都可在纤维被织入织物层中之前或之后进行,且都可用于沿丝的整体长度或沿该长度的局部区域改变丝的轮廓/横截面。
一种适于根据本发明进行改进的织物示于图4A和图4B中,并被称为FormTech 103A织物或Flex 310K织物。图4A为未改进织物的长经节面(long warp knuckle side)的剖视图。图4B为未改进织物的长纬节面(long shute knuckle side)的剖视图。图5为图4A和图4B所示织物的立体图。该织物的长纬节面示于图5中,并以参考标号30标示,而长经节面以参考标号32标示。
图6为图4A和图4B所示的长经节面的特写图。图6的特写图示出未改进的织物,该织物表面的“有效平坦区域”用参考标号为34的多个圆形及椭圆形标示。而图7为图4A与图4B所示织物在根据本发明被轧光之后,其长经节面的特写图。在图7的织物中,轧光仅施加于长经节面,而圆形及椭圆区域36表示该长经节面在轧光之后的有效平坦区域。比较图6和图7可见,轧光织物能显著增加长经节面上的有效平坦区域。而当轧光仅施加于长纬节面时,也可在长纬节面上同样达到有效平坦区域的增加。在另一个实施例中,长经节面和长纬节面都被轧光,所以两面的有效平坦区域都会增加。应该注意的是,结合图7所述的轧光指织造织物的轧光,因此,这种轧光至少会使织物中的全部丝/纱线中的部分被平坦化。还应注意的是,图7所述的轧光,会使该织物的厚度相对于其未轧光状态减少大约15%,且使穿过该织物的气流相对于其未轧光状态大约减少20%。
图8示出水刺机的一部分,其适用于使用图7所示轧光织物实施水刺工艺。如图8所示,该水刺机部分包括水刺用织物38,如图7所示的织物,多个水刺织物导轮40a~c,第一辊42,第二辊50,压紧织物44,多个压紧织物导轮46a~e,第一喷水器47,及第二喷水器48。纤维网以及由该机器所制成的非织造织物以参考标号52示出。在操作时,纤维网沉积于水刺织物38上,被紧压于水刺织物38和压紧织物44之间,并被第一喷水器47冲喷,然后再被第二喷水器48冲喷,第二喷水器是主要的缠结喷水器。已缠结的纤维网在剥离点54从水刺织物38剥离,在该点,纤维网由第二辊50卷绕。总而言之,针对图8应注意的是,虽然该图被描述为示出水刺机的一“部分”,但也可以该图所示的元件组成完整的水刺机。
在具有图8所示结构的机器上使用图4A与图4B织物的改进形式证实了本发明水刺法的优点。本发明尤其减少了纤维缠结于织物表面,并增强了水柱的反射(reflection或flashback)。此外,本发明改善了缠结后的纤维网与水刺织物的剥离,并改善了MD/CD拉伸比。更具体地说,利用图8所示的机器所作的测试已表明,纤维网与水刺织物的剥离得到改善,似的拉伸率由8%左右降至0%,且MD/CD比从约10%提高至40%。
此外,当本发明通过对如图4A与图4B所示织物进行轧光来实施时,不论该织物的两面都被轧光,或只有织物一面被轧光,都能实现本发明的优势;在仅有一面被轧光时,则不论哪一面被轧光皆可行。此外,这种轧光的织物改善了水刺机的操作性能,使线速度增大,并减少了拉伸和MD取向。
虽然本发明根据其特定的具体实施例加以描述,但是对于本领域技术人员来说,可以容易地对上述实施方案进行多种修改和改进,或应用于其它领域,而不偏离本发明的目的、精神和范围。所有这些改动均在本发明权利要求范围内。例如,本发明也可在螺旋链结式的水刺织物/带上实施。美国专利4,345,730大体示出螺旋链结式织物/带,其内容在此以引用方式并入本文。
图9示出螺旋链结式织物60实例的剖视图,该织物适合于以本发明来改进。如图9所示,该螺旋链结式织物由多根螺旋单丝62和多根链结单丝64所形成。如同在MD/CD纱实施例中的情况,该螺旋丝和链结丝也可由本技术领域中的普通技术人员在制造用于造纸机织物的单丝时所常用的聚合物树脂中的任意一种挤出或制造。此外,术语“丝”和“单丝”也同前述的MD/CD纱实施例中所指广义范围。
根据本发明对图9所示织物改进之后,该织物含有扁平单丝。扁平单丝可以是螺旋单丝的一部分或全部,链结单丝的一部分或全部,或螺旋和链结单丝的某些组合。在任何情况下,本发明的扁平丝都可在它们被织入螺旋链结织物之前或之后形成,且扁平化可通过结合MD/CD纱实施例中所述的数种技术中的任意一种来完成。即,扁平丝可通过赋予成品丝“扁平化”横截面的方式挤出,通过轧光,或通过砂磨来制成。如同在MD/CD纱实施例中的情况,轧光和砂磨操作可在丝被织入织物之前或之后进行,且可用来沿丝的整体长度或沿其长度的局部区域改变丝的轮廓/横截面。
图9的扁平单丝促成更强的反射水流,从而促使组成非织造织物的纤维形成更强的缠结,所以能制成更牢固的非织造成品。
Claims (30)
1.一种水刺装置,用于制造水刺形成的非织造物,包括:
水刺用支撑织物,所述水刺用支撑织物包括扁平丝,其中,所述水刺用支撑织物为连续的环或制成为无端环。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水刺装置,其中所述织物包括纵向(MD)丝和横向(CD)丝,以及所述扁平丝仅是部分所述纵向(MD)丝。
3.根据权利要求1所述的水刺装置,其中所述织物包括纵向(MD)丝和横向(CD)丝,以及所述扁平丝是全部所述纵向(MD)丝。
4.根据权利要求1所述的水刺装置,其中所述织物包括纵向(MD)丝和横向(CD)丝,以及所述扁平丝仅是部分所述横向(CD)丝。
5.根据权利要求1所述的水刺装置,其中所述织物包括纵向(MD)丝和横向(CD)丝,以及所述扁平丝是全部所述横向(CD)丝。
6.根据权利要求1所述的水刺装置,其中所述织物包括纵向(MD)丝和横向(CD)丝,以及所述扁平丝是所述纵向(MD)丝和所述横向(CD)丝的组合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的水刺装置,其中所述织物是双层织物,以及所述扁平丝仅织入一层中。
8.根据权利要求7所述的水刺装置,其中所述一层是磨面层。
9.根据权利要求7所述的水刺装置,其中所述一层是成形面层。
10.根据权利要求1所述的水刺装置,其中所述织物是三层织物,以及所述扁平丝仅织入一层中。
11.根据权利要求10所述的水刺装置,其中所述一层是磨面层。
12.根据权利要求10所述的水刺装置,其中所述一层是成形面层。
13.根据权利要求1所述的水刺装置,其中所述织物的渗透率大于350cfm。
14.根据权利要求1所述的水刺装置,其中所述织物是螺旋链结式织物。
15.一种用于水刺法的支撑织物的制造方法,包括在制造所述支撑织物时,将扁平丝织入所述支撑织物内的步骤。
16.根据权利要求15所述的用于水刺法的支撑织物的制造方法,其中所述扁平丝通过在织造所述支撑织物之前挤出而形成。
17.根据权利要求15所述的用于水刺法的支撑织物的制造方法,其中所述扁平丝通过在织造所述支撑织物之前轧光非扁平丝而形成。
18.根据权利要求15所述的用于水刺法的支撑织物的制造方法,其中所述扁平丝通过轧光源织物而形成。
19.根据权利要求18所述的用于水刺法的支撑织物的制造方法,其中所述轧光仅施加于所述源织物的一面。
20.根据权利要求18所述的用于水刺法的支撑织物的制造方法,其中所述轧光施加于所述源织物的两面。
21.根据权利要求15所述的用于水刺法的支撑织物的制造方法,其中所述扁平丝通过砂磨源织物而形成。
22.根据权利要求15所述的用于水刺法的支撑织物的制造方法,其中所述织物是螺旋链结式织物。
23.一种用于水刺法的水刺装置中的支撑织物,用于制造水刺形成的非织造物,所述支撑织物包括扁平丝,其中在制造所述支撑织物时,将扁平丝织入所述支撑织物内,以及,其中所述支撑织物为连续的环或制成为无端环。
24.根据权利要求23所述的用于水刺法的水刺装置中的支撑织物,其中所述扁平丝通过在织造所述支撑织物之前挤出而形成。
25.根据权利要求23所述的用于水刺法的水刺装置中的支撑织物,其中所述扁平丝通过在织造所述支撑织物之前轧光非扁平丝而形成。
26.根据权利要求23所述的用于水刺法的水刺装置中的支撑织物,其中所述扁平丝通过轧光源织物而形成。
27.根据权利要求26所述的用于水刺法的水刺装置中的支撑织物,其中所述轧光仅施加于所述源织物的一面。
28.根据权利要求26所述的用于水刺法的水刺装置中的支撑织物,其中所述轧光施加于所述源织物的两面。
29.根据权利要求23所述的用于水刺法的水刺装置中的支撑织物,其中所述扁平丝通过砂磨源织物而形成。
30.根据权利要求23所述的用于水刺法的水刺装置中的支撑织物,其中所述织物是螺旋链结式织物。
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- 2003-12-08 EP EP20030810060 patent/EP1573103B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-08 RU RU2005114750A patent/RU2337189C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-12-08 BR BRPI0317333A patent/BRPI0317333B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2003-12-08 CN CN2003801053294A patent/CN1723309B/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-08 US US10/730,459 patent/US20040198118A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-08 JP JP2004565260A patent/JP4460459B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-08 KR KR1020057011001A patent/KR101121186B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2003-12-08 WO PCT/US2003/038968 patent/WO2004061183A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-12-08 AU AU2003302241A patent/AU2003302241A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-08 MX MXPA05005567A patent/MXPA05005567A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2003-12-08 CA CA2505859A patent/CA2505859C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-08 NZ NZ539975A patent/NZ539975A/en unknown
- 2003-12-15 TW TW92135383A patent/TWI330210B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2005
- 2005-05-13 ZA ZA200503877A patent/ZA200503877B/en unknown
- 2005-07-15 NO NO20053444A patent/NO20053444L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2505859A1 (en) | 2004-07-22 |
BRPI0317333B1 (pt) | 2016-11-08 |
CA2505859C (en) | 2016-05-17 |
KR20050084321A (ko) | 2005-08-26 |
NZ539975A (en) | 2006-02-24 |
MXPA05005567A (es) | 2005-08-16 |
JP2006509928A (ja) | 2006-03-23 |
EP1573103A1 (en) | 2005-09-14 |
RU2005114750A (ru) | 2006-02-10 |
RU2337189C2 (ru) | 2008-10-27 |
TWI330210B (en) | 2010-09-11 |
BR0317333A (pt) | 2005-11-08 |
US20040198118A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
TW200422458A (en) | 2004-11-01 |
ZA200503877B (en) | 2006-09-27 |
EP1573103B1 (en) | 2014-02-12 |
CN1723309A (zh) | 2006-01-18 |
AU2003302241A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
JP4460459B2 (ja) | 2010-05-12 |
NO20053444L (no) | 2005-07-15 |
KR101121186B1 (ko) | 2012-03-23 |
WO2004061183A1 (en) | 2004-07-22 |
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